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;rh Mgtjrgatmogac Kogejrjgkj og Xjkbgoco`y agh Mggovatmog ^ocmky4 @cofac lgowcjh`j ^artgjrsbmps,

Krjatmg` vacuj eor tbj 61stKjgtury

Austmg, Z[A (Au`ust ;> [jptjifjr 6, 1===)

CJAVGMG@ VJ@MOG[ MG JZVO^J4 XBJOV], ^OCMK] AGH ^VAKXMKJ XBVOZ@B XBJ VM[

JR^JVMJGKJ.

Xjxt eor ufcmkatmog

I. Caghafaso,1K. Ou`btog & L. Ior`ag

JK Koiimssmog H@ RUM (K[I6 1/1:5)

Vuj hj ca Com 6>>, F-1>8= Fruxjccjs, Fjc`mui.

Xjc4 ;6/6/6=5:6:5

J-iamc4 Imljc.CaghafasoNkjk.ju.mgt

Fmrlfjkl Koccj`j

Zgmvjrsmty oe Coghog

Iacjt [trjjt

Coghog PK1J 0BR

k.ou`btogNffl.ak.ul

Hpt. oe Kmty agh Vj`mogac ^caggmg`

Karhmee Zgmvjrsmty

Afjrkogway Fumchmg`

Kocui Hrmvj, ^O Fox =>5

Karhmee KE1 ;]G, Pacjs, ZL.

Afstrakt4 Xbj tbjorjtmkac kogkjpt oe tbj cjargmg` rj`mog ms soijtbmg` oe a fuzzworh aiog`st

akahjimks agh pocmky ialjrs acmlj. ]jt tbj kogkjpt ms ughjr-tbjormsjh agh bas provjg hmeemkuct to

tragscatj mgto a kogkrjtj pocmky approakb. VM[ - Vj`mogac Mggovatmog [tratj`mjs bavj, bowjvjr,

jgbagkjh our tbjorjtmkac ughjrstaghmg` agh provmhjh pocmky ialjrs agh otbjr aktors mg tbjrj`mogac jkogoiy wmtb a praktmkac tooc eor taklcmg` soij oe tbj ughjrcymg` profcjis eakjh fy rj`mogs

sueejrmg` eroi jkogoimk hjkcmgj, sta`gatmog or ughjr-hjvjcopijgt mg tbj emjch oe mggovatmog. Xbj

ofdjktmvj oe tbms papjr ms to provmhj a koiprjbjgsmvj rjvmjw oe ogj oe tbj prmgkmpcj pocmky toocs usjh

fy tbj Juropjag Koiimssmog to proiotj tbj hjvjcopijgt oe ag mggovatmvj kapakmty mg tbj cjss

eavourjh rj`mogs (CEVs), gaijcy VM[ rj`mogac mggovatmog stratj`y. VM[ ms a pmcot aktmog emgagkjh

ughjr tbj mggovatmvj aktmogs oe tbj Juropjag Vj`mogac Hjvjcopijgt Eugh oe tbj Juropjag Zgmog,

wbmkb ms kurrjgtcy fjmg` hjvjcopjh mg ;6 rj`mogs mg Juropj. Xbj papjr hjskrmfjs agh jxaimgjs tbj

VM[ ofdjktmvjs, ijtbohoco`y agh mipakt wmtbmg a wmhjr tbjorjtmkac kogtjxt, coolmg` mg part mkucar at

tbj rjcjvagkj oe gjtworlmg` agh koccaforatmog aiog` hmeejrjgt rj`mogac mggovatmog-rjcatjh

staljbochjrs agh mgstmtutmogs eor tbj hjvjcopijgt oe ag jeemkmjgt rj`mogac mggovatmog systji agh

rj`mogac cjargmg` kapakmtmjs. A kasj stuhy og tbj Pjst Imhcaghs rj`mog ms provmhjh wbmkb eurtbjr

jxpcorjs tbj VM[ pbmcosopby agh ijtbohoco`y mg a `mvjg rj`mog. Xbj prmgkmpac ami oe tbj papjr,bowjvjr, ms to eokus upog tbj praktmkac mipcmkatmogs oe VM[ agh bow wjcc tbms partmkucar pocmky

approakb bas ijt tbj spjkmemk gjjhs oe tbj CEVs. Mghmkatmogs oe tbj jarcy rjsucts oe tbms Juropjag pmcot

aktmog arj provmhjh.

Ljy worhs4 mggovatmog, rj`mogac pocmky, rj`mogac mggovatmog systjis, mghustrmac pocmky, rj`mogac

hjvjcopijgt, Juropjag rj`mogac pocmky, mggovatmvj aktmogs, rj`mogac koipjtmtmvjgjss.

1. Mgtrohuktmog4 mggovatmog agh rj`mogac pocmky ..........................................................1

6. Vj`mogac Mggovatmog [ystjis agh Cjargmg` Vj`mogs ..........................................;

6.1. Vj`mogac Mggovatmog [ystjis mg Cjss Eavourjh Vj`mogs........................... 8

6.6. Cjargmg` Vj`mogs ............................................................................................0;. VM[4 towarhs koccjktmvj cjargmg` mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs .................................1>

;.1. VM[ Ijtbohoco`y4 a rj`mogac agh hjiagh-cjh, fottoi-up approakb......1>

;.6. VM[ Ofdjktmvjs4 bjcpmg` rj`mogs to bjcp tbjisjcvjs..................................16

8. Xbj Mipakt oe VM[ ^rodjkts ...................................................................................1;

:. VM[ Pjst Imhcaghs Kasj [tuhy...........................................................................1:

:.1 [okmac Kapmtac .................................................................................................15:.6 Xbj Cjargmg` Vj`mog......................................................................................10

:.; Gjtworlmg`, Koccjktmvj Jxtjrgac Jkogoimjs agh Cjargmg` ........................1=

:.8 Xbj [tratj`y agh Aktmog ^cag........................................................................6>

5. Kogkcusmogs...........................................................................................................61

Gotjs agh Vjejrjgkjs...............................................................................................66

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1

1. Mgtrohuktmog4 mggovatmog agh rj`mogac pocmky

Ogj oe tbj prmormtmjs eor tbj gjw `jgjratmog oe rj`mogac hjvjcopijgt pro`raiijs mg tbj Juropjag Zgmog

eor tbj pjrmoh 6>>>-6>>5 ms tbj proiotmog oe mggovatmog.Xbms ms kcjarcy statjh mg tbj oeemkmac Koiimssmog@umhjcmgjs ahoptjh mg Dugj 1=== as tbj fasms eor tbj gj`otmatmog oe tbj gjw `jgjratmog oe rj`mogac

pro`raiijs wbmkb sbouch kbaggjc to tbj Juropjag rj`mogs, cjss eavourjh mg partmkucar6

, iost oe tbj 61;fmccmog oe tbj [trukturac Eughs eor tbms pjrmoh. Xbjsj @umhjcmgjs

;, jgtmtcjh Jkogoimk agh

sokmac kobjsmog4 `rowtb agh koipjtmtmvjgjss eor jipcoyijgt arj fasjh og two froah prmgkmpcjs4 m)

mhjgtmemkatmog oe mgtj`ratjh stratj`mjs eor hjvjcopijgt agh kogvjrsmog agh mm) tbj krjatmog oe a

hjkjgtracmsjh, jeejktmvj agh froah partgjrsbmp. Xbjy statj tbat [trukturac assmstagkj sbouch tbjrjeorj

`mvj ag mgkrjasmg` prmormty to proiotmg` VXH agh mggovatmog kapakmtmjs mg ag mgtj`ratjh iaggjr mg

acc emjchs oe mgtjrvjgtmog oe tbj Eughs tbou`b aktmogs sukb as 4 m)^roiotmg` mggovatmog4 gjw eoris oe

emgagkmg` (j.`. vjgturj kapmtac) to jgkoura`j start-ups, spmg-outs/spmg-oees, spjkmacmsjh fusmgjss

sjrvmkjs, tjkbgoco`y tragsejr, mm) mgtjraktmogs fjtwjjg emris agh bm`bjr jhukatmog/rjsjarkb mgstmtutjs, mmm)

jgkoura`j siacc emris to karry out VXH eor tbj emrst-tmij, mv) gjtworlmg` agh mghustrmac ko-opjratmog, v)

hjvjcopmg` buiag kapafmcmtmjs.

Xbj rjasog eor sjttmg` tbms prmormty wmtbmg tbj 6>>>-6>>5 @umhjcmgjs im`bt cmj mg tbj rjkjgt jvocutmog oeJuropjag rj`mogac pocmky huj to a gjw ughjrstaghmg` oe rj`mogac koipjtmtmvjgjss (Koolj, ^, 1==2)8agh

tbj korrjspoghmg` iatkbmg` rocj oe pufcmk pocmky, to wbmkb wj gow turg.

As statjh mg tbj Xrjaty oe tbj Zgmog, Juropjag rj`mogac pocmky ms iamgcy afout tbj rjhuktmog oe

hmsparmtmjs aiog` rj`mogs mg Juropj.:Xbus, Juropjag rj`mogac pocmky amis at tbj krjatmog oe tbj rm`bt

jkogoimk agh mgstmtutmogac koghmtmogs mg a `mvjg rj`mog eor a sustamgjh agh a sustamgafcj jkogoimk

hjvjcopijgt prokjss wbmkb krjatjs jkogoimk opportugmty agh dofs tbat im`bt mgkrjasj rj`mogac

mgkoij.

Ovjr agh afovj ag approprmatj cjvjc oe pbysmkac mgerastrukturjs agh worleorkj slmccs, wbmkb bavj fjjg

tbj trahmtmogac tar`jt oe rj`mogac pocmkmjs, tbjsj koghmtmogs acso mgvocvj tbj jxmstjgkj oe rj`mogac

strjg`tbs agh opportugmtmjs to fj eurtbjr jxpcomtjh sukb as tbj kapakmty oe rj`mogac emris to mggovatj,

tbj quacmty oe iaga`jijgt, a fusmgjss kucturj wbmkb proiotjs jgtrjprjgjuyrsbmp, ag mgstmtutmogaceraijworl wbmkb jgkoura`js mgtjr-emri agh pufcmk-prmvatj ko-opjratmog a hygaimk tjrtmary sjktor

provmhmg` fusmgjss sjrvmkjs agh tbj tragsejr oe tjkbgoco`y, a imgmiui cjvjc oe V&H kapafmcmtmjs, tbj

avamcafmcmty oe approprmatj mgtjreakjs fjtwjjg tbj hjiagh eor agh suppcy oe mggovatmog mgputs,

partmkucarcy fy/eor siacc emris, agh tbj jxmstjgkj oe ahjquatj emgagkmac mgstruijgts koghukmvj to

mggovatmog, jtk. Xbjsj koghmtmogs arj kcosjcy rjcatjh, at imkrojkogoimk cjvjc wmtb mgtag`mfcjs agh

rjac fusmgjss sjrvmkjs kogkjpts as opposjh to trahmtmogac bormzogtac amh skbjijs agh autoiatmk

fusmgjss sufsmhmjs.

At tbj ijso-jkogoimk cjvjc tbjy arj rjcatjh to mgstmtutmogac tbmklgjss agh sokmac kapmtac kogkjpts.

Xbj cattjr bas fjjg hjemgjh (Bjghjrsog & Ior`ag, 1===) as a rjcatmogac mgerastrukturj eor koccjktmvj

aktmog wbmkb rjqumrjs trust, vomkj, rjkmprokmty agh a hmsposmtmog to koccaforatj eor iutuaccy fjgjemkmac

jghs. Mg sbort, tbj mhja fjmg` got to smipcy to accjvmatj kosts to ag mghmvmhuac jgtrjprjgjur fut tokbag`j korporatj stratj`mjs agh fusmgjss kucturj as wjcc miprovmg` tbj prohuktmvj jgvmrogijgt or

imcmju mg wbmkb tbjsj emris worl. Xbms approakb kag fj jxjipcmemjh mg Fjccmgms worhs4 tbj provmsmog

oe rjac sjrvmkjs tragsejrs to usjr emris gjw lgowcjh`j agh trm``jrs prokjssjs wmtbmg tbjg, tbjrjfy

iohmeymg` mg a strukturac, gog tragsmtory way tbjmr or`agmsatmog oe prohuktmog agh tbjmr rjcatmog wmtb

tbj iarljt(Fjccmgm, 1==2).

Xbj cj`mtmiaky oe pufcmk pocmky eor tbj miprovjijgt oe tbjsj koghmtmogs ms krmtmkaccy hjpjghjgt og tbj

assuiptmog tbat tbj koipjtmtmvjgjss oe emris rjcmjs got ogcy og mts owg eorkjs fut, mg go cjss jxtjgt, og

tbj quacmty oe mts jgvmrogijgt, soijtmijs rjejrrjh to as strukturac koipjtmtmvjgjss (Kbaffac 1==8).

Xbj assuiptmog bjrj ms tbat fusmgjssjs, agh [IJs mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs mg partmkucar (iamgcy

fjkausj tbjy arj worlmg` mg mipjrejkt iarljts wmtb cmimtjh mgeoriatmog agh lgow-bow5akkjss) iay

gjjh assmstagkj mg tappmg` mgto tbj gjkjssary rjsourkjs (rjcatjh to lgowcjh`j, mg tbj eori oe

tjkbgoco`y or quacmemjh buiag kapmtac mg partmkucar), to eakj up to tbj gjw eoris oe koipjtmtmog

hjvjcopmg` mg tbj `cofac jkogoiy. Mg sbort tbjy iay gjjh iorj tbag smipcy cjss taxjs agh cowjr

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mgtjrjst ratjs to euccy jxpcomt tbjmr koipjtmtmvj posmtmog agh tbus iaxmimsj tbjmr kogtrmfutmog to tbj

rj`mogac jkogoiy mg tbj

eori oe iorj dofs agh bm`bjr wjactb, wbmkb uctmiatjcy dustmemjs pufcmk emgagkmac support eor a pocmky

amijh at miprovmg` koipjtmtmvjgjss. Xbms assuiptmog im`bt partmkucarcy boch truj mg tbj kasj oe siacc

agh ijhmui smzjh emris, wbosj ljy jkogoimk hmeemkuctmjs arj rjcatjh got dust to smzj fut acso to msocatmog.

Agh tbms ms jvjr iorj truj mg tbj kasj oe [IJs worlmg` mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs wbmkb arj oetjg siacc

smzj, eaimcy owgjh, worlmg` mg trahmtmogac sjktors eor cokac iarljts agh mcc prjparjh eor gjw koipjtmtmvjprjssurjs mghukjh fy tbj `cofacmsatmog prokjss to wbmkb tbjy arj mgkrjasmg`cy jxposjh to. Iorjovjr,

tbms assuiptmog ms partmkucarcy miportagt eor rj`mogac pocmky smgkj siacc agh ijhmui smzjh emris

kogstmtutj tbj fasms oe tbj prohuktmvj eafrmk oe tbj rj`mogs wbosj hjvjcopijgt ms ca``mg` fjbmgh.

Cmgljh to tbj afovj, a `jgjraccy akkjptjh assuiptmog ms tbat tbj bm`b roah to koipjtmtmvjgjss eor tbjsj

rj`mogs wbosj emris arj pro`rjssmvjcy jxposjh to mgtjrgatmogac koipjtmtmog rugs tbrou`b mggovatmog,

wbmkb jgafcjs tbji to ahapt at tbj rm`bt tmij to mgkrjasjh koipjtmtmvj agh tbj east pakj oe

tjkbgoco`mkac kbag`j. Mggovatmog iust appcy to acc aspjkts oe tbj aktmvmty oe a siacc emri (gjw iarljts,

gjw, hmeejrjgt or fjttjr prohukts, prokjssjs agh sjrvmkjs). Mg tbms sjgsj, tbj kogkjpt oe mggovatmog

jifrakjs rjsjarkb agh hjvjcopijgt, tjkbgoco`y, tramgmg`, iarljtmg` agh koiijrkmac aktmvmty, hjsm`g

agh quacmty pocmky, emgagkj, co`mstmks agh tbj fusmgjss iaga`jijgt rjqumrjh eor tbjsj varmous eugktmogs

to ijsb to`jtbjr jeemkmjgtcy.

[mgkj siacc agh ijhmui smzjh emris , partmkucarcy mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs, ho got usuaccy bavj jmtbjr tbj

gjkjssary stratj`mk mgeoriatmog or tbj slmccs agh staee spjkmacmsmg` mg acc tbj eugktmogs cmstjh, soij oe tbj

cattjr wmcc bavj to fj karrmjh out fy outsmhj kogtraktors. Xbms ijags tbat tbj koipjtmtmvjgjss oe a siacc

emri hjpjghs mg part og tbj quacmty oe tbj cmgls wmtb agh tbj jeemkmjgky/avamcafmcmty oe mts `jo`rapbmkac

gjm`bfours (rjsjarkb agh tjkbgoco`y tragsejr kjgtrjs, tramgmg` kjgtrjs, fusmgjss sjrvmkjs koipagmjs

agh so og) agh mt ms car`jcy hjpjghjgt og tbj quacmty oe tbj mgstmtutmogac systji provmhmg` support eor

mggovatmog (rj`mogac autbormtmjs rjspogsmfcj eor mghustrmac/rj`mogac pocmky mg partmkucar). Mg tbms sjgsj,

mggovatmog ms iorj akkjssmfcj to siacc agh ijhmui smzjh emris wbjg tbjy arj worlmg` wmtbmg rmkb agh

hygaimk rj`mogac mggovatmog systjis. Vj`mogac mggovatmog systjis bavj fjjg hjemgjh (Autmo, 1==2) as

a hmstmgkt kogkjpt eroi gatmogac mggovatmog systjis (Cughvacc, 1==6), as jssjgtmaccy sokmac systjis,

koiposjh oe mgtjraktmg` suf-systjis< tbj lgowcjh`j appcmkatmog agh jxpcomtatmog sufsystji agh tbj

lgowcjh`j `jgjratmog agh hmeeusmog suf-systji. Xbj mgtjraktmogs wmtbmg agh fjtwjjg or`agmsatmogs

agh suf-systjis `jgjratj tbj lgowcjh`j ecows tbat hrmvj tbj jvocutmog oe tbj rj`mogac mggovatmog

systjis. Gow, wbmcj tbj korj rj`mogs oe tbj worch jkogoiy arj wjcc jghowjh wmtb rofust mgtjraktmvj

gjtworls, cjss eavourjh rj`mogs bavj ughjrhjvjcopjh, era`ijgtjh agh iukb cjss jeemkmjgt rj`mogac

mggovatmog systjis, as wj sbacc sjj mg t bj gjxt sjktmog.

Mg sbort, tbj krjatmog oe tbj rm`bt jkogoimk agh mgstmtutmogac koghmtmogs mg a `mvjg rj`mog eor a sustamgjh

agh a sustamgafcj jkogoimk hjvjcopijgt prokjss mipcmjs tbj trm``jrmg` oe cjargmg` prokjssjs mg tbj

rj`mogac jkogoiy wbmkb accows rj`mogac emris to fjkoij iorj mggovatmvj, agtmkmpatmvj agh ahaptafcj to

rapmhcy jvocvmg` iarljts agh tjkbgo-jkogoimk koghmtmogs. Xbms ms wby Juropjag rj`mogac pocmky bas

sjt mggovatmog proiotmog as ogj oe tbj prmormtmjs eor aktmog mg tbj pjrmoh 6>>>-6>>5, startmg` eroi ag

jxpcoratmog oe gjw patbs fy focstjrmg` mgtag`mfcjs0, sokmac kapmtac agh rj`mogac cjargmg` kapakmtmjs.

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6. Vj`mogac Mggovatmog [ystjis agh Cjargmg` Vj`mogs2

6.1. Vj`mogac Mggov at mog [ystjis mg C jss Eavourjh Vj`mogs

Xohay, mg Juropj, ahvagkjh rj`mogs spjgh iorj pufcmk iogjy agh mg a iorj stratj`mk way mg tbj

proiotmog oe mggovatmog eor tbjmr emris tbag cjss eavourjh rj`mogs. Mg 1==5, eor jxaipcj, wbmcj kougtrmjs

sukb as Hjgiarl, Emgcagh agh Eragkj spjgt ovjr 6>> oe pufcmk amh to V&H pjr pjrsog jipcoyjh mg

iagueakturmg`, agh Austrma, Fjc`mui, @jriagy agh tbj Gjtbjrcaghs wjrj arough tbj 1>> ratj, @rjjkj

agh ^ortu`ac spjgt 1> or cjss, agh [pamg hmh got rjakb :> (KJK, [jvjgtb [urvjy og [tatj Amh, 1===).

Xbms ms mgkrjasmg` tbj mgtjr-rj`mogac mggovatmog-`ap akross Juropj, wbmkb bas a hmrjkt rjcatmog to tbj

kobjsmog `ap. Me rj`mogac pocmky ms to fj jeejktmvj mg rjhukmg` tbj kobjsmog `ap, mt bas to ahhrjss tbms

profcji fy mgkrjasmg` tbj mggovatmog kapakmtmjs mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs. Xbms, mg turg, ms hjpjghjgt og

tbj jstafcmsbijgt oe ag jeemkmjgt rj`mogac mggovatmog systji mg tbjsj rj`mogs, as a prj -koghmtmog eor ag

mgkrjasj oe pufcmk agh prmvatj mgvjstijgt mg tbj emjch oe mggovatmog.

Otbjrwmsj, me pocmkmjs arj socjcy kogkjrgjh wmtb mgkrjasmg` tbj aiougt oe pufcmk amh eor mggovatmog,

afsorptmog profcjis wmcc soog appjar agh tbj jeemkmjgky oe tbjsj mgvjstijgts wmcc fj ughjrimgjh, as

bas acrjahy bappjgjh mg a guifjr oe rj`mogs wmtb prjvmous pocmky jxpjrmijgts (j.`. [XVMHJ). Xbjrjasog eor tbms cmj mg wbat wj wmcc kacc tbj rj`mogac mggovatmog parahox.

Xbj rj`mogac mggovatmog parahox rjejrs to tbj apparjgt kogtrahmktmog fjtwjjg tbj koiparatmvjcy rjatjr

gjjh to spjgh og mggovatmog mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs agh tbjmr rjcatmvjcy cowjr kapakmty to afsorf

pufcmk eughs jariarljh eor tbj proiotmog oe mggovatmog, koiparjh to iorj ahvagkjh rj`mogs. Xbat ms,

tbj iorj mggovatmog ms gjjhjh mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs to iamgtamg agh mgkrjasj tbj koipjtmtmvj

posmtmog oe tbjmr emris mg a pro`rjssmvjcy `cofac jkogoiy, tbj iorj hmeemkuct mt ms to mgvjst jeejktmvjcy agh

tbjrjeorj afsorf pufcmk eughs eor tbj proiotmog oe mggovatmog mg tbjsj rj`mogs. Mg otbjr worhs, ogj

im`bt bavj jxpjktjh tbat ogkj tbj gjjh ms aklgowcjh`jh/mhjgtmemjh (tbj mggovatmog `ap) agh tbj

possmfmcmty jxmsts, tbrou`b pufcmk ijags, to rjspogh to mt, tbjsj rj`mogs wouch bavj a fm``jr kapafmcmty

to afsorf tbj rjsourkjs hjstmgjh to ijjt tbms gjjh, smgkj tbjy start eroi a vjry cow cjvjc (jvjrytbmg` ms

stmcc to fj hogj). Mgstjah, tbjsj rj`mogs eakj kogsmhjrafcj hmeemkuctmjs mg afsorfmg` tbms iogjy. [ukb mstbj gaturj oe tbj rj`mogac mggovatmog parahox.

Xbj iamg kausj tbat jxpcamgs tbms apparjgt parahox ms got prmiarmcy tbj avamcafmcmty oe pufcmk iogjy mg

tbj cjss eavourjh rj`mogs. Mts jxpcagatmog cmjs jcsjwbjrj. Mt cmjs mg tbj gaturj oe tbj rj`mogac mggovatmog

systji agh mgstmtutmogac sjttmg`s to fj eough mg tbjsj rj`mogs. Xbj rj`mogac mggovatmog systji mg cjss

eavourjh rj`mogs ms kbaraktjrmsjh fy mts ughjrhjvjcopijgt agh era`ijgtjh gaturj. Xbj mgstmtutmogac

sjttmg` mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs ms kbaraktjrmsjh fy tbj afsjgkj oe tbj rm`bt mgstmtutmogac eraijworl agh

pocmky hjcmvjry systjis, pufcmk sjktor mgjeemkmjgky agh cakl oe ughjrstaghmg` fy pocmky-ialjrs oe tbj

rj`mogac mggovatmog prokjss mg partmkucar. Xbj two koifmgjh jxpcamg tbj rj`mogac mggovatmog parahox.

Xbj ughjrhjvjcopjh smzj oe tbj rj`mogac mggovatmog systji mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs agh cakl oe

artmkucatmog/kobjrjgkj oe mts hmeejrjgt sufsystjis agh mggovatmog pcayjrs ms mccustratjh fy soij oe tbj

eoccowmg` kbaraktjrmstmks mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs4

Iogjy jariarljh eor mggovatmog ms soijtmijs utmcmsjh jxkcusmvjcy eor tbj krjatmog oe V&H pbysmkac

mgerastrukturjs agh jqumpijgt eor wbmkb go rjac hjiagh bas fjjg jxprjssjh fy tbj rj`mogac emris.

Eughmg` im`bt eacc mg tbj baghs oe tbosj rjspogsmfcj eor rjsjarkb/skmjgkj or tjkbgoco`y pocmkmjs wbmkb

ho got bavj ag jkogoimk hjvjcopijgt pjrspjktmvj< mggovatmog fjmg` prmiarmcy afout jkogoimk

koipjtmtmvjgjss agh tbj jxpcomtatmog oe gjw, fjttjr or hmeejrjgt iarljts, prohukts agh sjrvmkjs.

Iorjovjr, tbj rj`mogac `ovjrgijgts hjpartijgts rjspogsmfcj eor rjsjarkb agh jhukatmog, mghustry agh

jkogoimk pcaggmg` iay sjchoi ijjt to hmskuss agh a`rjj ag mgtj`ratjh pocmky eor tbj proiotmog oe

mggovatmog. Xbat ms, tbjrj ms oetjg go iuctmhmskmpcmgary approakb mg tbj pcaggmg` oe eughmg`, wbmkb ms

krmtmkaccy miportagt eor a sukkjsseuc mggovatmog pocmky.

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Xafcj G 1. Xjg strukturac eaktors aeejktmg` tbj Vj`mogac Mggovatmog [ystjis mg CEVs

1. [bortkoimg`s rjcatmg` to tbj kapakmty oe emris mg tbj rj`mogs to mhjgtmey tbjmr gjjhs eor mggovatmog

(agh tbj tjkbgmkac lgowcjh`j rjqumrjh to assjss tbji) agh cakl oe strukturjh jxprjssmog oe tbj catjgt

hjiagh eor mggovatmog to`jtbjr wmtb cowjr quacmty agh quagtmty oe skmjgtmemk agh tjkbgoco`mkacmgerastrukturj.

6. [karkmty or cakl oe tjkbgoco`mkac mgtjrijhmarmjs kapafcj oe mhjgtmeymg` agh ejhjratmg` cokac fusmgjss

hjiagh eor mggovatmog (agh V&XH) agh kbaggjccmg` mt towarhs rj`mogac/gatmogac/mgtjrgatmogac sourkjs

oe mggovatmog (agh V&HX) wbmkb iay mvj rjspogsj to tbjsj hjiaghs.

;. ^oorcy hjvjcopjh emgagkmac systjis (trahmtmogac faglmg` praktmkjs) wmtb ejw eughs avamcafcj eor rmsl or

sjjh kapmtac (agh poorcy ahaptjh to tbj tjris agh rmsls oe tbj prokjss oe mggovatmo g mg emris) to emgagkj

mggovatmog, hjemgjh as cog`-tjri mgtag`mfcj mghustrmac mgvjstijgts wmtb ag assokmatjh bm`b emgagkmac

rmsl (Iuchur 1==6).

8. Cakl oe a hygaimk fusmgjss sjrvmkjs sjktor oeejrmg` sjrvmkjs to emris to proiotj tbj hmssjimgatmog oe

tjkbgoco`y mg arjas wbjrj emris bavj, as a rucj, ogcy wjal mgtjrgac rjsourkjs eor tbj mghjpjghjgt

hjvjcopijgt oe tjkbgoco`mkac mggovatmog (Kapjccmg 1=2=/ =).

:. Pjal ko-opjratmog cmgls fjtwjjg tbj pufcmk agh prmvatj sjktors, agh tbj cakl oe ag jgtrjprjgjurmac

kucturj progj to mgtjr-emri ko-opjratmog (afsjgkj oe jkogoimjs oe skacj agh fusmgjss krmtmkac iassjs

wbmkb iay ialj proemtafcj kjrtamg cokac mggovatmog jeeorts).

5. [jktorac spjkmacmsatmog mg trahmtmogac mghustrmjs wmtb cmttcj mgkcmgatmog eor mggovatmog agh prjhoimgagkj

oe siacc eaimcy emris wmtb wjal cmgls to tbj mgtjrgatmogac iarljt.

0. [iacc agh rjcatmvjcy kcosjh iarljts wmtb ugsopbmstmkatjh hjiagh, wbmkb ho got jgkoura`j

mggovatmog.

2. Cmttcj partmkmpatmog mg mgtjrgatmogac V&XHM gjtworls, skarkjcy hjvjcopjh koiiugmkatmogs gjtworls,

hmeemkuctmjs mg attraktmg` slmccjh cafour agh akkjssmg` jxtjrgac lgow-bow.

=. Ejw car`j (iuctmgatmogacs) emris ughjrtalmg` V&H wmtb poor cmgls wmtb tbj cokac jkogoiy.

1>. Cow cjvjcs oe pufcmk assmstagkj eor mggovatmog agh amh skbjijs poorcy ahaptjh to cokac [IJs

mggovatmog gjjhs

[ourkj4 Caghafaso, 1==0.

E m`urj 1 A e ra`ijgtjh rj`mogac mggovatmog systji4 cjss eavorjh rj`mogs

Vj`mogac

@ovjrgijgt

Fusmgjss[jrvmkjs

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emris

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Zgmvjrsmtmjs

Xjkbgoco`y

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Assokmatmogs

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Kogsuctagts

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emris

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Vj`mogac jkogoiy

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Zgmvjrsmty hjpartijgts eroi rjcatmvjcy gjw ugmvjrsmtmjs, eor jxaipcj, wbmkb ho got bavj a cog` trahmtmog

oe ugmvjrsmty-mghustry koccaforatmog, usj gjw eughmg` to strjg`tbjg rjsjarkb aktmvmtmjs wbmkb ho got

acways rjecjkt tbj gjjhs oe tbj rj`mogac emris.

Og top oe tbat, rj`mogac mggovatmog systjis mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs sueejr eroi msocatmog eroi tbj

V&XH gjtworls oe jxkjccjgkj mgtjrgatmogaccy. Xbus, [IJs emgh mt barh to akkjss tbj tjkbgoco`y

sourkjs agh partgjrs, mgkcuhmg` mgeoriac pjrsogac kogtakts, wbmkb arj gjkjssary eor tbj kogtmguousejjhmg` oe tbj mggovatmog systji mg orhjr to ljjp afrjast oe tjkbgoco`mkac kbag`j mg tbj `cofac

jkogoiy.

Xbj rj`mogac emris, oetjg siacc, eaimcy-owgjh agh koipjtmg` aiog` tbjisjcvjs mg rjcatmvjcy kcosjh

iarljts, ho got bavj a trahmtmog oe ko-opjratmog agh trust jmtbjr aiog` tbjisjcvjs or wmtb tbj rj`mogac

V&XH mgerastrukturj, partmkucarcy ugmvjrsmtmjs, as mccustratjh eor jxaipcj fy tbj [pagmsb kasj mg wbmkb

2>% oe emris mg [pamg wmtb ejwjr tbag 6>> worljrs ughjrtool go V&H mg 1==8, wbjtbjr mgtjrgaccy or

tbrou`b outsmhj kogtraktors... (KOXJK, 1==0). Ko-opjratmog eor mggovatmog wbmkb ms partmkucarcy krmtmkac

mg tbjmr kasj huj to tbjmr cmimtjh mgtjrgac buiag rjsourkjs agh lgow-bow rjqumrjh eor tbj mggovatmog

jeeort. Emris ho got jxprjss ag mggovatmog hjiagh agh tbj rj`mogac V&XH mgerastrukturjs arj got

jifjhhjh mg tbj rj`mogac jkogoiy, agh tbjrjeorj arj ugafcj to mhjgtmey tbj mggovatmog gjjhs agh

kapafmcmtmjs jxmstmg` mg tbj rj`mogac jkogoiy. Xbus, tbjrj ms a cakl oe mgtj`ratmog fjtwjjg rj`mogacsuppcy agh hjiagh eor mggovatmog.

Mg sbort, tbj rj`mogac mggovatmog systji mg tbjsj rj`mogs hojs got bavj jmtbjr tbj gjkjssary mgtjreakjs

agh ko-opjratmog ijkbagmsis eor tbj suppcy-hjiagh iatkbmg` to bappjg, or tbj approprmatj

koghmtmogs eor tbj jxpcomtatmog oe sygjr`mjs agh ko-opjratmog aiog` tbj skarkj rj`mogac V&XH aktors

wbmkb kouch jvjgtuaccy emcc `aps agh avomh hupcmkatmogs. Mg tbms smtuatmog, mgvjstmg` iorj iogjy mg tbj

krjatmog oe gjw tjkbgoco`y kjgtrjs, eor jxaipcj, wmtbout prjvmouscy ko-orhmgatmg` agh ahaptmg` tbj

worl oe jxmstmg` ogjs, rmsls eurtbjr hmstortmg` tbj systji. At tbj saij tmij mt acso rmsls miposmg` a gjw

fuh`jtary furhjg og pufcmk fuh`jts tbrou`b tbj ruggmg` kosts oe tbjsj mgstmtutmogs, wbmkb arj ugcmljcy

to rjakb a satmseaktory cjvjc oe sjce-emgagkmg` mg a rjasogafcj tmij pjrmoh huj to tbj imsiatkb rjejrrjh

fjeorj. Xbj saij `ojs eor a guifjr oe Xjkbgoco`y parls mgmtmatmvjs mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs, wbmkb jgh

up fjkoimg` propjrty hjvjcopijgt opjratmogs hjpjghjgt og jxtjrgac kapmtac attraktmog, poorcy cmgljh

to tbj rj`mogac mghustry agh pcaymg` a vjry cmimtjh rocj mg tbj jkogoimkaccy stratj`mk eugktmog oe

tjkbgoco`y tragsejr rj`mogaccy.

Iorjovjr, ahvagkjh fusmgjss sjrvmkjs agh gjtworlmg` a`jgts/mgtjreakjs sukb as tbosj jxmstmg` mg

ahvagkjh rj`mogs arj ejw agh got gjkjssarmcy spjkmacmsjh mg tbj mggovatmog hoiamg. Xbms bmghjrs tbj

mggovatmog opportugmtmjs oe emris tbrou`b propjr tjkbgoco`y auhmtmg` agh akkjssmg` stratj`mkaccy

miportagt sjrvmkjs sukb as mggovatmog iaga`jijgt, tjkbgoco`y eorjkastmg` agh tramgmg`, jtk. Xbjsj

mgmtmatmvjs, partmkucarcy prmvatj ogjs, `jt trappjh mg tbj vmkmous kmrkcj oe cmttcj hjiagh agh poor suppcy

wbmkb ms rarjcy spogtagjouscy froljg eroi wmtbmg tbj systji. Pbjg tbjy ho rjspogh, huj to emris

hjejgsmvj agh ahaptmvj rjaktmogs (ratbjr tbag proaktmvj ogjs) to iarljt prjssurjs, mt ms oetjg as catj

tjkbgoco`y eoccowjrs agh mggovatmog opportugmtmjs arj cost to cokac mghustry. [oijtbmg` smimcar kag fj

samh afout emgagkmac mgstruijgts agh mgstmtutmogs mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs, wbmkb og top oe usuaccy

miposmg` bm`bjr tbag (Juropjag) avjra`j mgtjrjst ratjs oeejr cmttcj attjgtmog to cog` tjri, bm`bjr rmsl aghmgtag`mfcj mgvjstijgts wbmkb arj kbaraktjrmstmk oe mggovatmog prodjkts.

Emgaccy, tbj quacmty oe tbj mgstmtutmogac sjttmg` mg tbjsj rj`mogs ms oetjg tbj iamg ofstakcj eor tbj krjatmog

oe ag jeemkmjgt rj`mogac mggovatmog systji. Ovjr agh afovj tbj hmeejrjgt hj`rjj oe rj`mogac autogoiy mg

tbj koghukt oe rj`mogac/mghustrmac pocmky, sjvjrac rj`mogac `ovjrgagkj strukturjs mg cjss eavourjh

rj`mogs sueejr bjavmcy eroi cakl oe krjhmfmcmty, pocmtmkac mgstafmcmty agh afsjgkj oe proejssmogac

koipjtjgkj (agh awarjgjss) mg tbj emjch oe mggovatmog. Xbjsj tbrjj eaktors arj kbaraktjrmstmk oe

ughjrhjvjcopijgt.

Xbj cakl oe krjhmfmcmty oe tbjsj `ovjrgagkj strukturjs, gotafcy vms --vms tbj prmvatj sjktor, ms rjecjktjh

mg tbjmr cmimtjh kapakmty eor kogsjgsus fumchmg` agh partgjrsbmp arrag`jijgts wmtb prmvatj emris agh

otbjr mgstmtutmogac aktors, fj mt ugmvjrsmtmjs or gatmogac V&XH korrjspoghjgts. ^ocmtmkac mgstafmcmty agh

sbort-tjri pocmtmkac kogsmhjratmog (cmgljh to tbj pocmtmkac kykcj) ughjrimgj agy sjrmous jeeort mg tbj

mipcjijgtatmog oe ag mggovatmog pocmky wbmkb fy mts owg gaturj ms ijhmui to cog` tjri. Iorjovjr, mt

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ialjs tbj gjkjssary rj`mogac cjahjrsbmp eor tbj hjvjcopijgt oe a rj`mogac mggovatmog systji jvjg

iorj hmeemkuct agh iorj progj to eacc mg tbj baghs oe kogsocmhatjh coffmjs agh parokbmac mgtjrjsts wbmkb

bmghjr mggovatmog. Cakl oe proejssmogac koipjtjgkj ms rjecjktjh mg tbj eakt tbat tbjsj ahimgmstratmogs

tjgh to eavour 'trahmtmogac' agh jasy to iaga`j rj`mogac mgstruijgts ratbjr tbag iorj sopbmstmkatjh

agh koipcjx pocmkmjs sukb as mggovatmog pocmky. Mg soij mgstagkjs jvjg wbjrj tbj pocmtmkac koiimtijgt

bas fjjg kcjarcy jxprjssjh to support sukb a pocmky, `ovjrgagkj strukturjs arj oetjg mgahjquatj agh mt

iay fj hmeemkuct to emgh tbj gjkjssary iaga`jijgt rjsourkjs to mipcjijgt mt jeemkmjgtcy.

Acc tbj afovj jxpcamgs to a kjrtamg jxtjgt tbj kogkcusmogs rjakbjh rjkjgtcy fy tbj V&XHM jvacuatmog oe

[trukturac Eughs eor tbj pjrmoh 1==8-1=== mg cjss eavourjh rj`mogs (Bm``mg`s jt ac, 1===, p. =) mg wbmkb

tbj iador pocmky mssujs mhjgtmemjh wjrj4

Cakl oe ko-orhmgatmog fjtwjjg tbj fohmjs mg kbar`j oe pufcmk rjsjarkb agh tbosj mg kbar`j oe

prmvatj rjsjarkb

@ap fjtwjjg Zgmvjrsmtmjs agh jgtjrprmsjs

Mg iagy rj`mogs tbjrj sjjis to fj a cakl oe ko-orhmgatmog oe tbj skmjgkj agh tjkbgoco`y

pocmky fjtwjjg hjpartijgts oe mghustry agh hjpartijgts oe jhukatmog

Mg soij rj`mogs tbjrj ms ovjrcap agh mgahjquatj ko-orhmgatmog fjtwjjg gatmogac agh rj`mogac

ijasurjs Xbjrj ms cmttcj mgvocvjijgt oe tbj rj`mogac VXHM aktors, prmvatj sjktor mg partmkucar, mg pocmky

pcaggmg`

6.6. Cjargmg` Vj`mogs

Xbj mggovatmvj kapakmty oe tbj rj`mogac emri ms hmrjktcy rjcatjh to tbj cjargmg` afmcmty oe a rj`mog. Xbat

ms, mggovatmvj kapakmty agh tbj rj`mogac cjargmg` afmcmty assokmatjh wmtb mt ms hmrjktcy rjcatjh to tbj

hjgsmty agh quacmty oe gjtworlmg` wmtbmg tbj rj`mogac prohuktmvj jgvmrogijgt. Mgtjr-emri agh pufcmk-

prmvatj ko-opjratmog agh tbj mgstmtutmogac eraijworl wmtbmg wbmkb tbjsj rjcatmogsbmps talj pcakj arj tbj

ljy sourkjs oe rj`mogac mggovatmog. Mggovatmog fjmg` tbj jgh-prohukt agh tbj rj`mogac cjargmg`

hjpjghjgt og tbj quacmty agh hjgsmty oe tbj afovj rjcatmogsbmps, fjmg` tbj prokjss=.

Asbjmi (1==2, p. ;) hjemgjs a cjargmg` rj`mog as rjprjsjgtmg` tbj tjrrmtormac agh mgstmtutmogac

jifjhhjhgjsss oe cjargmg` or`agmsatmogs agh mgtjraktmvj cjargmg` agh `ojs og to ar`uj tbat mg tbj

proiotmog oe sukb mggovatmog supportmvj rj`mogs tbj mgtjr-cmglmg` oe ko-opjratmvj partgjrsbmps rag`mg`

eroi worl or`agmsatmogs mgsmhj emris to hmeejrjgt sjktors oe sokmjty, ughjrstooh as rj`mogac

hjvjcopijgt koacmtmogs, wmcc fj oe stratj`mk miportagkj.

A cjargmg` rj`mog ms got a parokbmac rj`mog, wbmkb m`gorjs tbj miportagkj oe tbj gatmogac agh

mgtjrgatmogac hmijgsmogs, partmkucarcy mg tbj emjchs oe skmjgkj, rjsjarkb agh tjkbgoco`y ovjr agh

afovj a garrowcy hjemgjh kogkjpt oe mggovatmog as sukb. Xbj rj`mogac hmijgsmog ms miportagt fut got

jxkcusmvj. Mg tbms sjgsj mt ms krukmac to aklgowcjh`j tbj gjjh eor emris, to fj kcosj to opjg `atjs to tbj

gatmogac agh mgtjrgatmogac (sjj @covjr, 1==5) hmijgsmogs rj`mogaccy, mg partmkucar eor [IJs. Vjkjgtcy,

soij autbors (Loskbatzly, 1==2, p. 8>;) bavj jipbasmsjh tbat jvjg tbou`b spakj kcjarcy iattjrs mg

mggovatmog, tbms taljs pcakj iorj og a pjrkjptmvj ratbjr tbag og a pocmtmkaccy hjemgjh tjrrmtormac fasms

fjkausj mt ms got a spjkmemk rj`mog wbmkb iattjrs mg mggovatmog fut ag jgvmrogijgt eujccjh fy aktors

eroi hmeejrjgt rj`mogs wbmkb, mg mts koipcjx (mgtjr-rj`mogac) strukturj, bas to jxkjjh a krmtmkac imgmiui to

fj rj`arhjh as supportmvj eaktor mg jakb rj`mog. Xbms jgvmrogijgt orm`mgatjs ogcy mg part eroi jakb

smg`cj rj`mog, fut mts mipakt ms rj`mogaccy spjkmemk, hjpjghmg` og tbj strukturac kbaraktjrmstmks oe tbj

rj`mogac emris. Xbms cjahs tbji to kogkcuhj tbat kross-rj`mogac aktmvmtmjs wouch mgkrjasj tbj mipakt oe

rj`mogaccy ormjgtjh ijasurjs, agh tbjrjeorj, provmhj strog`jr support eor mggovatmog iaga`jijgt agh

tbj koipjtmtmvjgjss oe fotb cokac agh rj`mogac emris (Loskbatzly, 1==2).

Cjargmg` as ag jkogoimk prokjss, kag fj sufdjkt to vmrtuous kmrkcjs agh mgkrjasmg` rjturgs to skacj. Xbj

iorj a rj`mog (or a koipagy) ms mg a posmtmog to cjarg (mhjgtmey, ughjrstagh agh jxpcomt lgowcjh`j, mg tbj

eori oe tjkbgoco`mkac jxpjrtmsj eor jxaipcj, to tbjmr owg jkogoimk fjgjemt) tbj iorj kapafcj, agh

possmfcy wmccmg`, mt fjkoijs to fumch og agh mgkrjasj mts hjiagh agh kapakmty to usj eurtbjr gjwlgowcjh`j. Fut cjargmg` hjpjghs krmtmkaccy og two ljy eaktors< a kjrtamg hj`rjj oe (fusmgjss-jkogoimk)

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mgtjccm`jgkj, wbmkb wouch trm``jr tbj hjiagh eor gjw lgowcjh`j, agh akkjss to/avamcafmcmty oe

lgowcjh`j.1>

At tbj ijso-jkogoimk cjvjc wj acso gjjh ag "mgtjccm`jgt kjcc" to trm``jr a cjargmg` prokjss mg a rj`mogac

jkogoiy. Xbj rj`mogac `ovjrgijgt (agh mts hjvjcopijgt-rjcatjh a`jgkmjs) kag pcay a iador rocj mg

artmkucatmg` agh hygaimsmg` a rj`mogac mggovatmog systji, ughjrstooh as tbj prokjss oe `jgjratmg`,

hmeeusmg` agh jxpcomtmg` lgowcjh`j mg a `mvjg tjrrmtory wmtb tbj ofdjktmvj oe eostjrmg` rj`mogac

hjvjcopijgt. Mg tbms hygaimk agh systjimk sjgsj, tbj rj`mogac mggovatmog systji ms mg mtsjce tbj

prokjss oe cjargmg` wbmkb "cjargmg` rj`mogs" arj amimg` eor. Xbj rj`mogac mggovatmog systji ms wbat

hjtjrimgjs tbj jeejktmvjgjss agh tbj jeemkmjgky oe rj`mogac lgowcjh`j fumchmg`/tragsejr aiog` tbj

hmeejrjgt mgtj`ratmg` parts oe tbj systji, mgkcuhmg` mghmvmhuac emris, sjktorac/vacuj-kbamg kcustjrs,

fusmgjss kogsuctagts, tjkbgoco`y kjgtrjs, V&H kjgtrjs, Zgmvjrsmty Hjpartijgts, caforatormjs,

tjkbgoco`y tragsejr agh utmcmsatmog oe V&H kjgtrjs, hjvjcopijgt a`jgkmjs, jtk. Xbj rj`mogac mggovatmog

systji ms wbat ialjs tbj wbocj fm``jr tbag tbj sui oe tbj mghmvmhuac parts.

A cjargmg rj mog4 Ag jeemkmjgt rj mogac mggovatmog systji

Vj mogac

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Fusmgjss

sjrvmkjs &

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suctagts

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mgtjrijhmarmjs4

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