LEARNING MATERIALS AND LEARNING MATERIALS AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES: MAKING EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES: MAKING

DISTANCE EDUCATION WORKDISTANCE EDUCATION WORK

Dr Sushmita MitraDr Sushmita MitraDirector (SSS)Director (SSS)

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OPEN SCHOOLING, INDIANATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OPEN SCHOOLING, INDIA

AGENTS OF CHANGE IN AGENTS OF CHANGE IN EDUCATIONEDUCATION

Rapid development in learning theories.Rapid development in learning theories. Rapid advancement in Information and Rapid advancement in Information and

Communication Technology (ICT) Communication Technology (ICT)

PARADIGM SHIFT

PARADIGM SHIFT IN EDUCATIONPARADIGM SHIFT IN EDUCATION

From Institution-led learning to From Institution-led learning to own-time own-time self-learningself-learning at a at a distance.distance.

From teaching to self-paced-learning slowly From teaching to self-paced-learning slowly moving towards flexibilities and openness. moving towards flexibilities and openness.

Gave rise to an Gave rise to an alternativealternative system of education system of education often known as Open and Distance Learning (ODL) often known as Open and Distance Learning (ODL)

System. System.

TRADITIONAL SYSTEM

TEACHER TAUGHT SPATIO-TEMPORAL FIXEDNESS

CURRICULUM FIXEDNESS

CORRESPONDENCEEDUCATION

SELF LEARNING FREEDOM OF LOCATION

SELF LEARNING FREEDOM OF LOCATION

FREEDOM TO LEARN

ODL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

PARIDGM SHIFT

PARIDGM SHIFT

CURRICULUM FIXEDNESS

LEARNING PARADIGM SHIFTLEARNING PARADIGM SHIFT

The barriers of space, pace, time and many of the rigidities of the formal education are

withdrawn in ODL and this gave rise to Open Schooling system in the country.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OPEN SCHOOLING(NIOS)

14 STATE OPEN SCHOOLS (SOSs) IN DIFFERENT STATES

PERSPECTIVES AND ORIENTATIONS PERSPECTIVES AND ORIENTATIONS TOWARDS LEARNING IN ODL SYSTEM TOWARDS LEARNING IN ODL SYSTEM

Everyone can learn (Burns 1967). Everyone can learn (Burns 1967). Learning is private and occurs at a distance when the Learning is private and occurs at a distance when the

learner and the instructor/ institution are separated in learner and the instructor/ institution are separated in time and placetime and place

Learning is mediated by a provider arranging for Learning is mediated by a provider arranging for guided didactic conversation, orguided didactic conversation, or non contiguous communication, ornon contiguous communication, or two way interpersonal communication to recreate two way interpersonal communication to recreate

learning link, orlearning link, or educational transaction using technology and educational transaction using technology and

communication theory, orcommunication theory, or virtual contiguity by integrating systems that bring virtual contiguity by integrating systems that bring

teacher and learner together, optimum dialogue teacher and learner together, optimum dialogue between them and eliminate consequences of being between them and eliminate consequences of being separate in space. separate in space.

Learning involves collaborated experience Learning involves collaborated experience between a teacher and a learner, which is totally between a teacher and a learner, which is totally dependent on a two way communication dependent on a two way communication facilitated by technology. facilitated by technology.

Learning considers requirements of both the Learning considers requirements of both the learning task and learner i.e. principles of learning task and learner i.e. principles of pedagogy/andragogy and structure of knowledge pedagogy/andragogy and structure of knowledge has an apparent influence on learning.has an apparent influence on learning.

Learner control is based on the inter-relationship Learner control is based on the inter-relationship between independence (as in self directed between independence (as in self directed learner), proficiency (as in the ability to learn learner), proficiency (as in the ability to learn independently) and support (characterized by independently) and support (characterized by the resources available to guide and facilitate the resources available to guide and facilitate the educational transaction.the educational transaction.

PERSPECTIVES AND PERSPECTIVES AND ORIENTATIONS TOWARDS ORIENTATIONS TOWARDS LEARNING IN ODL SYSTEMLEARNING IN ODL SYSTEM

Learner Centred Instructional Learner Centred Instructional System in Open SchoolingSystem in Open Schooling

LEARNER

5. RADIO AND TV,

6. FACE TO FACE

PROGRAMME

1. COUNSELLING

2. COURSE MATERIAL

S

3. ASSIGNMENTS

4. TUTOR GUIDANCE

7. RESOURCE

CENTRE HELP

Instructional Delivery System Instructional Delivery System

Based on following premises:Based on following premises: Availability, Availability, Accessibility and Accessibility and AppropriatenessAppropriateness

For transaction of the curriculum at a distance,

the print medium is most suitable.

Print considered as the prime instructional medium supported by other media materials like

audio and video materials in Open schooling.

Efficacy of Print Materials Efficacy of Print Materials

Depends on the Instructional Depends on the Instructional Design (ID) chosen. Design (ID) chosen.

ID is dependent on the ID is dependent on the nature of subject matter, nature of subject matter, learner characteristics and learner characteristics and

previous experiences and previous experiences and the type of learning expected. the type of learning expected.

Self-instructional Material (SIM) which is a written Self-instructional Material (SIM) which is a written elaboration of a set of learning opportunities, elaboration of a set of learning opportunities, organised around a well-defined theme/topic in organised around a well-defined theme/topic in such a way that, it is such a way that, it is • a self contained instruction unit to be used in a a self contained instruction unit to be used in a self learning situation.self learning situation.• guarantees self-sufficiency.guarantees self-sufficiency.• structured in such a way that it helps the learner structured in such a way that it helps the learner to find their way into the text and to find their way to find their way into the text and to find their way through the text. through the text.

PrintedPrinted Learning Materials In Open Learning Materials In Open SchoolingSchooling

Title

Introduction

Objectives

Section

What you have learnt

Intext Questions

Glossary /Key Words

Answers to Intext Question

Terminal Exercise

NOIs it the last section

yes

Structure of A Lesson

Educational ResourcesEducational Resources

Support materials:Support materials: Audio CD’sAudio CD’s Video CD’sVideo CD’s CALCAL Radio programmes through Gyan VaniRadio programmes through Gyan Vani TV programme through Gyan TV programme through Gyan

Darshan/and DD1 channelDarshan/and DD1 channel

The NIOS WEBSITEThe NIOS WEBSITEwww.nios.ac.inwww.nios.ac.in

Information disseminationInformation dissemination 24x7 online admission24x7 online admission Course materialCourse material Evaluation/assessment papers for Evaluation/assessment papers for

practicepractice Tutor marked assignmentsTutor marked assignments Student information regarding Student information regarding

admission and examination datesadmission and examination dates List of Study centersList of Study centers Other related matterOther related matter

Enrolment of Differently Able Learners in NIOS

1337

196

842

181

566338

2826

1199

7695

283601

133

710

12601576

992

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Loco Motor VisuallyImpaired

HearingImpaired

Leprosy Cured MentallyRetarded

Multiple Cerebral Palsy Learningdisability

No

of L

earn

ers

2009-10

2008-09

Course-wise Enrolment of Differently Able Learners

660

117

602

99

382

166

1829

808

677

79

240

82

291

172

997

391

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Loco Motor VisuallyImpaired

HearingImpaired

LeprosyCured

MentallyRetarded

Multiple CerebralPalsy

Learningdisability

No

of

Lea

rner

s

SEC

SRSEC

There is nothing like a dream There is nothing like a dream to create the future. to create the future.

........Victor HugoVictor Hugo

Thank YouThank You