learning goal: explain the sources of air pollution and causes of acid rain, the affect it has on...
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Learning Goal:Explain the sources of air pollution and causes of acid rain, the affect it has on ecosystems and humans, and how it can
be reduced.
Agenda:
• Discuss aspects of air pollution & acid rain
• Conduct an experiment to determine which source was the greatest contributor to acid rain and what can be used to neutralize it
Homework:
• Complete the analysis questions from the activity
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What is Air Pollution?
• Any substance released into the atmosphere that causes damage to the environment, human health, and/or quality of life.
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Sources of Air Pollution1. Stationary and Area Sources
– power plants, chemical and manufacturing industries.
2. Mobile Sources – vehicles, recreational vehicles, boats,
planes, and trains.
3. Agricultural Sources – fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and
animals produce manure that emits gases.
4. Natural Sources – erupting volcanoes, fires, sea spray, dust
storms, pollen
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What is Acid Rain?
• Precipitation with a pH lower than 5.6• Affects ecosystems• Damages buildings• Ruins monuments• Affects health• Costs money
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Where does it come from?
• Coal burning power plants (electric utilities)
• Automobile emissions (NOx, CO, VOCs)
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How it works• Sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides released into the air combine with water and become sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
• These acids fall to earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
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How it affects ecosystemsAffects Buffering Capacity - the ability of lakes and soils to
neutralize the acidity or alkalinity of it’s environment is reduced
Soil:• It brings out soil toxins which end up in the water and
absorbed through the roots of trees.• High-elevation forests soak in acidic clouds, which strip leaves
of nutrients and break down trees' ability to resist cold. Bodies of Water:• It increases nitrogen in the water, which increases algae
growth.• Bacteria then decompose the dead algae and soak up the
water's available oxygen (dissolved oxygen). • Fish, shellfish, sea grass beds and coral reefs die in the algae-
choked, oxygen-depleted waters. • Scientists estimate that 10 percent to 45 percent of human-
produced nitrogen that winds up in coastal waters comes from atmospheric deposition [Source: Environmental Protection Agency].
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• Trees killed by acid rain in the Smoky Mountains.
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How it affects buildings and monuments
• Erodes building materials like marble and limestone more rapidly than normal
• Causes metals to rust rapidly
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How it affects health
• Biodiversity is reduced – alters populations in oceans, lakes, rivers, streams
and ponds.
• Human health– The sulfate and nitrate particulates of dry
deposition can cause asthma, bronchitis and heart problems.
– The NOx also reacts with other chemicals in the air to form ground-level ozone, which aggravates and weakens the respiratory system. (source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/acid-rain.htm)
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What can be done?
• Power plants use:– Low sulfur coal– Wet scrubbers (trona)– Electrostatic precipitators– Flue gas desulphurization systems – low NOx burners
• Vehicles use:– Catalytic converters help remove NOx
• Use alternative forms of energy – Wind, nuclear, solar and hydropower don’t release
SOx, NOx
• Liming the waters to buffer the acidity• Reduce energy use and automobile use
Liming process