Learn why eco-cars are kinder to our world and create your own

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Hello! I’m Eve!

I’m Ruby!

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Hi everyone!

What’s your name?

And I’m George!

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My name is...

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What about battery-electric cars?Battery-electric-only cars use batteries to power the motor. Currently they have a limited range before they need to be ‘plugged in’ to recharge. Battery-electric-only cars:

Are great for very short trips in cities

Can use cleaner electric energy

Need recharging too often, particularly during longer journeys

Normally take 6-8 hours (often overnight) to fully recharge, taking lots of energy at that time

So what should we do?We need to make and drive better, more efficient cars that:

Can run on a small amount of fuel, or fuels that don’t come from oil

Work to lower the amount of CO2 emitted by cars

Reduce poisonous emissions

Toyota hybrid and hydrogen cars can helpToyota has understood the problem for a long time, and 20 years ago we created the first petrol-electric full hybrid car and made it widely available. It was cleaner, more efficient and powered by petrol and electricity together. It was called the Toyota Prius. Then, two years ago, Toyota started to sell the world’s first car built specially to be powered by hydrogen and electricity – the Mirai. It only produces water.

This booklet explains how petrol-electric hybrid and hydrogen-electric cars work to keep our air clean.

We like eco-cars.They’re kinder to our environment.

We think you will like them too.

Let’s learn a bit more...

Why do we need cleaner eco-cars?Over a billion cars are being driven on Earth! But making and using our current cars is causing problems…

Factories use valuable energy and natural resources to build cars

Car fuel (like petrol and diesel) is made from oil in the ground – and we’re running out of it

A petrol or diesel car engine burns fuel to drive – which pollutes the air

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Unlike ordinary petrol cars with just one big engine, petrol-electric hybrid cars have a small engine and an extra electric motor too. Depending on the type of driving, petrol-electric hybrids use power from both the electric motor and the engine together, or run on the engine or the electric motor only.

Over 10 million people all over the world now drive one of Toyota’s petrol-electric hybrid cars!

Power control unitThis is the brains of the petrol-electric hybrid car. It chooses how the car is powered, depending on the journey. Sometimes the petrol engine and the electric motor work together. Other times the engine and motor work on their own to drive the car.

Petrol engineAlthough the petrol engine still burns fuel, it is far, far more efficient than a normal engine. The engine is only started when the car needs more power or the battery needs charging. This means that far less fuel is used and it’s much kinder to the environment.

A hybrid car has two kinds of power:

1) An engine that runs on petrol2) A motor that runs on electricity

Let’s see how it works...

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Inside a petrol-electric hybrid eco-car

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BatteryA special battery stores electricity generated by the car as it’s driven. A petrol-electric hybrid car makes electricity whilst it’s using the petrol engine, and also whenever the car brakes. It stores enough electricity to power the car using just its electric motor.

Petrol tankStores the petrol burnt by the combustion engine when it runs, just like an ordinary petrol car.Electric motor

The electric motor uses electricity from the battery. It delivers extra power to help the petrol engine, but also works entirely on its own. It also makes electricity when the car brakes.

Did you know?Toyota also makes plug-in hybrids. These are petrol-electric hybrids that can also be charged from an electricity outlet in your home. A bigger battery lets it travel further using just the electric motor.

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Inside a petrol-electric hybrid eco-car

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Inside a hydrogen-electric eco-carA hydrogen car has:

1) A store of hydrogen fuel 2) A fuel cell that MAKES electricity

3) A motor that runs on electricity

It’s an electric car you don’t plug in.Let’s see how it works...

Electric motorThe motor gets the electric power made in the fuel cell stack or from the battery and moves the car. It also makes electricity when the car brakes.

VentOxygen from the air enters the Mirai’s air vents and goes into the fuel cell stack.

After developing efficient petrol-electric hybrid cars, Toyota decided to eliminate petrol (and harmful emissions) completely.

By using the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen can provide clean energy. Hydrogen is a gas and is the most common element in the universe. It can also be made again and again, unlike oil. A car that uses hydrogen power is called a fuel cell vehicle.

In Toyota’s hydrogen cars, the petrol engine is replaced with a fuel cell. The normal fuel tank is replaced with tanks holding compressed hydrogen gas. Taking in air and combining it with the hydrogen stored on board generates electricity to drive an electric motor.

Best of all, the only emission created is clean, harmless water!

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Inside a hydrogen-electric eco-car

BatteryThe battery stores energy from the fuel cell, or energy that is made when the car slows down or brakes. It helps boost the electricity from the fuel cell during acceleration or drives the car on its own.

Fuel cell stackThe oxygen and hydrogen react within the fuel cell stack to make electricity that operates the car.

Hydrogen tanksStore the hydrogen used by the fuel cell to make electricity.

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Power control unitThis is the brains of the car. It chooses how the car is powered, depending on the journey. Sometimes the fuel cell and the battery work together. Other times the fuel cell or the battery work on their own to power the car.

Did you know?Two years ago Toyota started to sell the world’s first purpose-built hydrogen car, the Mirai. It can travel for more than 300 miles before you need to fill it up with more hydrogen. Refuelling is as quick as it is with a normal car.

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EmissionsOnly water comes out.

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• Hydrogen is the most common element on earth – it’s inexhaustible!

• Hydrogen for fuel can be made from many renewable natural resources and man-made by-products – even sewage (yuk!)

• Hydrogen can be extracted from water, where you need it, using renewable energy like solar and wind power

• When compressed, it’s pretty easy to store and move it around

Where does hydrog en come from?

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Here’s a picture of some of the different ways we can make and store

hydrogen for cars.

Can you colour it in?

Colour page (8?)

Waste water

Biomass

On-site electrolysis unit

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Where does hydrog en come from?

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Wind power

Solar power Unused energy from the grid

Hydroelectric

Hydrogen pump

On-site electrolysis unit

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Think of an idea...Now you’ve read all about

how we’re trying to help the environment with our eco-cars.

It could be anything!What will you use to fuel it? Will it drive

along roads and lanes, or will your car swim in water or fly through the air?

Your future eco-car

Contest page (10?)

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Draw it Use a drawing pad to

draw your idea of the car of the future!

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These are the different types of

eco-cars available now......but they’ll be even cleaner and even more advanced by

the time you’re driving!

Different types of eco-cars

Battery electric• No petrol engine – just an electric motor

• Zero emissions = no pollution

• Great for short trips in cities

• Needs frequent recharging so not really practical for driving a lot or for longer journeys

• Needs a space to recharge

Hydrogen fuel cell• Electric motor powered by hydrogen fuel cell

• An electric car you don’t plug in

• Zero harmful emissions = no pollution

• Excellent range

• Fast 3-minute refuelling

• Hydrogen can be made from renewable energy and stored until needed

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Plug-in hybrid• All petrol-electric hybrid benefits but still

uses fossil fuel

• A bigger battery offers more emissions-free driving

• If you want, you can also recharge the battery through the mains

• Great for any journey distance – recharging isn’t essential

Petrol-electric hybrid• Uses both a petrol engine and an electric

motor together

• Uses far less fossil fuel

• Reduces harmful emissions and pollution

• Great for any journey distance – norecharging needed

P P

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Learn more about our cars at toyota.co.uk

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