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In this Page you will: Learn Russian for free, our lessons are available to anyone who wants to speak Russian, fromgrammar, vocabulary, expressions, Russian phrases and more.

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Russian is an important language to learn, it’s one of the Slavic languages, spoken by about 170 million peopleas a first language and another 100 million as a second language. Russian is considered one of the chieflanguages of the world, used officially by the United Nations, it is important in scientific writings and literaryworks.Russian is spoken in 30 countries other than Russia, where there is a number of Russian immigrants orcommunity including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland,Georgia, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, and Moldova.You will learn Russian for free, like how to read, how to count, how to form Russian verbs, how to form nouns,adjectives …and more.In these lessons you will notice that I write most of the time in Russian alphabet and not the transliteration,because I don’t want you to count on the transliteration a lot, I want you to struggle the first time with readingRussian and then be able to read in Russian alphabet easily, without looking at any transliteration. Because ifyou happen to be in Russia you will find no transliteration.If you have any question please e-mail me at: [email protected]

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You can learn Russian very quickly and for free; just follow the pages one by one, with a strong determination, learning Russianhas never been easier. Included in this Russian page you will find verbs, nouns, Russian vocabulary, phrases and expressions,cases, alphabet, numbers, Russian is easy to learn so take advantage of that! Learn it now free of charges!

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Russian Alphabet (Cyrillic Alphabet)Speak7 2006 © speak7.com

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Russian Alphabet (Cyrillic Alphabet)

Russian Alphabet

? ? a as in "apple" ? ? r as in "Russian"? ? b as in "boy" ? ? s as in "small"? ? v as in "very" ? ? t as in "Turkish"? ? g as in "God" ? ? u as in "ultra" or “ou”? ? d as in "day" ? ? f as in "French"? ? y as in "yo!" ? ? kh as in the Scottish "loch"? ? y as in "yell" ? ? ts as in "tsunami"? ? Zh or as s in “pleasure” ? ? ch as in "child"? ? z as in "zero" ? ? sh as in "shy"? ? e as in "Easter" ? ? shsh as in "rush show"? ? y as in "yoga" ? not pronounced (called hard sign)? ? k as in "kiss" ? ? i as in "sir"? ? l as in "look" ? not pronounced (called soft sign)? ? m as in "mild" ? ? e as in "explain"? ? n as in "nice" ? ? u as in "university" not as in "up"? ? o as in "October" ? ? ya as in "yahoo"? ? p as in "play"

Don’t confuse these Russian letters:

? ? yo (yo) the yo is very thick.? ? io (io) as in yoga (the io is normal)? ? iu (iu) the iu is sharper

? ?: rarely used and indicates a slight pause between syllables.? ?: makes the previous letter soft, or as if there is a after the consonant. Russian Alphabet Rules: Russian has 33 letters, 11 Vowels, 20 consonants and 2 unpronounced signs, the good news is that Russian words sound the same waythey’re written most of the time, so you will not make that many mistakes spelling or pronouncing them.Note that the capital letters in Russian look the same as the lower case characters, with the exception of cursive capital letter and lowercase, check out the table below, you will notice that all Russian letters look the same in Capital and lower case letters, with theexception of the ones in the blue font, where the capital letters are different than the lower case letters.

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Russian Letters (Capital letters and lower case letters)

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Some other Russian alphabet rules that you need to follow is that after: ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, & ?, write ? instead of ? (called the 7 lettersrule), also after ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, don’t write O if it’s unaccented, write E (called the 5 letters rule), and finally after ?, ?, ?, ?, we shouldn’twrite ? or ?, but ? or ? instead.

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Russian Alphabet, Letters, Russian Spelling.




Russian NumbersSpeak7 2006 © speak7.com

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In this lesson you will learn:

Russian Numbers, Cardinal Numbers, Russian Ordinal Numbers.




Russian Cardinal Numbers

Russian Cardinal Numbers1 - ???? (adeen) 2 - ??? (dva) 3 - ??? (tri) 4 - ?????? (chyetirye) 5 - ???? (pyat) 6 - ????? (shest) 7 - ???? (syem) 8 - ?????? (vosyem)

9 - ?????? (dyeviat) 10 - ?????? (dyesiat)

11 - ???????????(adeennadtsat)12 - ?????????? (dvanadtsat)13 - ?????????? (trinadtsat)14 - ???????????? 15 - ?????????? 16 - ??????????? 17 - ?????????? 18 - ???????????? 19 - ????????????20 - ???????? (dvadtsat)

21 - ???????? ????(20+1)22 - ???????? ???(20+2)30 - ???????? 40 - ????? 50 - ????????? 60 - ?????????? 70 - ????????? 80 - ??????????? 90 - ????????? 100 - ???

200 - ?????? 300 - ?????? 400 - ????????? 500 - ??????? 600 - ???????? 700 - ??????? 800 - ????????? 900 - ????????? 1,000 - ?????? 1,000,000 - ???????

As you see on the table above Russian Cardinal numbers are very easy to form, for example the numbers 11-19are simply formed by adding “???????” to the numbers 1-9. (one small exception is number 14 where you needto drop the ending “?” in “4 ??????”),The Russian numbers 21-99 are formed by placing numbers from (1-9) after (20-30-40-50…90), note thatthey’re not connected.Now you can form some Russian numbers easily, example: (?????? ?????????? ???? 267).Zero is ???? (nol), a billion is ???????? (milliard) Russian Ordinal Numbers

Ordinal numbers decline just like adjectives, and therefore must agree in gender and number, as well as casewith the noun they describe. Russian ordinal numbers are formed from cardinal numbers, and they have someadditional endings like (-??, -??, -??, -??, -??), see the table below:

Russian Ordinal Numbersst th st

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1 - ??????2nd - ??????3rd - ??????4th - ?????????5th - ?????6th - ??????7th - ???????8th - ???????9th - ???????10th- ???????

11 - ????????????12th - ???????????13th - ???????????14th - ?????????????15th - ???????????16th - ????????????17th - ???????????18th - ?????????????19th - ?????????????20th - ?????????

21th - ???????? ?????? (20+ 1 )30th - ?????????40th - ?????????50th - ???????????60th - ????????????70th - ???????????80th - ?????????????90th - ??????????100th - ?????1000th - ????????

Speak7 2006 © speak7.com [email protected] Numbers, Cardinal Numbers, Russian Ordinal Numbers, Numerals.


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Russian VerbsSpeak7 2006 © speak7.com

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In this lesson you will learn:Russian Verbs, Aspects, Russian Imperfective, Perfective, Present Tense, Russian Past Tense, Future Tense, RussianMotion Verbs, Reflexive Verbs.




Verbs (Overview & Aspects)Russian verbs come in two aspects: (imperfective & perfective); three tenses: (present, past & future); two conjugations in thepresent tense; two voices: (active & passive); three moods: (indicative, imperative & conditional); four participle forms:{present (active, passive), past (active, passive)}; two forms of gerund: (present, past).Russian AspectsWhat does an aspect mean?An aspect is the imperfective or perfective form in the Russian verbs:Imperfective is an incomplete, ongoing, or repeated action.Perfective is a successfully completed action.

Usually the Russian perfective and imperfective are used in the past and future, for the present tense, you don’t have to worryabout which to use, just use the imperfective, because actions are still in progress therefore not complete so there is no need touse the perfective.

For the Russian past tense, if the action is completed successfully or was not or will not be repeated then use the perfectiveaspect.if otherwise then use the imperfective (even when you’re not sure, you can still use the imperfective)

For the Russian future tense, if the action will be completed successfully, and will not be repeated then use the perfectiveaspect.if otherwise then use the imperfective (even when you’re not sure, you can still use the imperfective)

How to tell if a verb is imperfective or perfective? These are some clues that give us a hint if the verb is imperfective or perfective:

Russian Imperfective & PerfectiveWhether a prefix is used such as “???” before a verb or not, having a prefix would mean that the verb is perfective.Whether there is a change in the stem/suffix or not.Whether there is a change in the vowel before last or not.Whether a “??” is placed inside a verb or not. If it is inside a verb that would mean that the verb is imperfective.

Russian Present Tense As mentioned earlier, if the present tense is used then it means that it’s all about imperfective verbs. Russian verbs are generally broken down into two groups the first and second, if you wonder how you would know which

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conjugation group a verb belongs to, just follow these steps: verbs ending in -??? or -??? belong to the 1st group, verbs endingin -??? belong to 2nd group, verbs ending in -??? can belong to either 1st or 2nd group.In Russian like in many other languages, verbs in the present tense are conjugated by dropping the last two letters of theinfinitive, usually "??", and adding the appropriate ending ("?", "???", "??", "??", "???" or "??"). The table below showsverbs of the first group:

First Group Conjugation, Russian Present Tense???????? : To work ? ??????? : I work ?? ?????????: You work ??/ ???/ ??? ????????: He/ She/ Itworks. ?? ????????: We work ?? ?????????: You work. ??? ????????: They work.

????????: To understand? ???????: I understand. ?? ?????????: You understand. ??/ ???/ ??? ????????: He/ She/ Itunderstands ?? ????????: We understand. ?? ?????????: You understand. ??? ????????: They understand.

?????: To know ? ????: I know.?? ??????: You know. ??/ ???/ ??? ?????: He/ She/ Itknows. ?? ?????: We know. ?? ??????: You know. ??? ?????: They know.

The second group uses the endings ("?" (or "?") "???" "??" "??" "???" "??" (or "??"), which replace "???". As you mayhave noticed it’s almost like the way the first group is conjugated with a slight difference, like switching the ? to ? and so on.

Second Group Conjugation, Russian Present Tense????????: To speak. ? ??????: I speak. ?? ????????: You speak. ??/ ???/ ??? ???????: He/ She/ It Speaks.

?? ???????: We speak. ?? ????????: You speak. ??? ???????: They speak.

????: To live. ? ????: I live. ?? ??????: You live. ??/ ???/ ??? ?????: He/ She/ It lives. ?? ?????: We live. ?? ??????: You live. ??? ?????: They live.

?????: To go (by vehicle). ? ???: I go?? ?????: You go??/ ???/ ??? ????: He/ She/ It goes ?? ????: We go?? ?????: You go??? ????: They go

Note:Don’t place ?, ?, or ? after the letters (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?), you should use (?, ?, ?) instead.First person singular, change the last consonant this way:? becomes ?? becomes ? c becomes ? ct becomes ? ? becomes ? ?, ?, ?, ?, ? add the letter ? These are some example of the Russian present tense:

Russian Present Tense-We're reading a nice Russian book - ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????.-I love you so much - ? ???? ????? ?????.-Russian is difficult for me. - ??????? ???? - ??????? ??? ????.-He has many Russian friends. - ? ???? ????? ??????? ??????.

Russian Past Tense

In Russian to use the past tense you simply need to remove the final -?? of a verb, and add -? plus the appropriate final letterreflecting the gender of the subject (masculine, feminine, neutral or plural).The Russian past tense involves the use of the imperfective and perfective aspects.The imperfective in the past tense refers to an action in the past which was repeated, left unfinished, or bothThe perfective in the past tense refers to an action, successfully completed once, and now is over.

The table below shows the changes occurring in both the imperfective and perfective.

Russian Past Tense, Perfective and ImperfectiveGender Ending Imperfective

(to go)Perfective

(to say)Masculine -? ?? ????? ?? ??????Feminine -?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????

Neutral -?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????Plural -?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????

The table below is to compare the same verb (to work) in Russian past tense (imperfective and perfective)

Russian Past Tense Imperfective Perfective?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????????

As you may have noticed, Russian past tense has only 4 forms, masculine, feminine, neutral and plural, which is not badcompared to the six forms in the other tenses.

It’s quite easy to figure out which forum is used, the past tense verbs change by number (by adding ? after the ? we get theplural), and change by gender only in the singular form (by adding ? after the ? we get the feminine singular, by adding o afterthe ? we get the neutral singular)

Masc. Stem+?Fem. Stem+??Neut. Stem+-??Plur. Stem+-??

here are some examples of Russian past tense in phrases:

Russian Past Tense-I visited Russia last year. - ? ??? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????.-I bought a nice Russian book yesterday. - ????? ? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????.-did you learn Russian by yourself? - ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????-Russian was difficult for me before. - ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????.

Russian Future Tense

In the Russian future tense, if the action will be completed successfully, and will not be repeated then the perfective aspectshould be used, actions that will be finished at a particular time in the future.If otherwise (for example if the action will be repeated or will not be completed) then use the imperfective aspect (evenwhen you’re not sure, you can still use the imperfective), to form the future in the imperfective aspect, just conjugate "????" +infinitive verb (example to read). Note that “????” is the verb “to be” in English.

Russian Future Tense (the imperfective)Conjugation of "????" + infinitive

? ????

+ ?????? (Infinitive)

?? ?????? ??/???/??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? The Russian future tense in the perfective is formed by adding the present tense endings to the stem. Russian perfective verbsdon't have present tense meaning. Below is an example of a Russian verb in the future tense in the perfective and imperfective.

Russian Future Tense(the imperfective/ perfective)

Verb “to give” Imperfective Perfective? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??/???/??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????

These are some examples of Russian future tense:

Russian Future Tense-I will go to Russia next year. - ? ????? ? ?????? ? ????????? ????.-She will learn Russian with me. - ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????.-Will you come tomorrow? - ?? ???????? (on foot) / ???????? (by vehicle) ???????-I will be able to speak Russian without problems. - ? ???? ???????? ???????? ??-??????

Russian Verbs of Motion Russian motion verbs convey more details than the English motion verbs, Russian verbs of motion tell you how the action wascarried out (on foot or by vehicle), and also the direction (round-trip or one-way, one-time trip). Russian verbs of motion arebroken down into three aspects: the progressive imperfective (only in the present tense), the interactive imperfective, and theperfective.If you can't decide whether to refer to motion on foot or motion by vehicle, and there is no illogic in choosing one or the other,simply use motion on foot.Imperfective verbs refer to motions which follow more than one direction (i.e. a round trip/there and back), or happenshabitually or more than once other cases is if the motion has no real destination but the starting point.Perfective verbs refer to a motion in the past that occurred once and in one direction, such as a direct flight, or such an actionthat will occur in the future.And since we’re talking about the future now, we will focus on the perfective verbs in the future, if the action will becompleted successfully, and will not be repeated then use the perfective aspect..These are some tips on how to figure out what form a certain motion verb is using, for example the perfective is alwaysformed by adding the prefix ??- to the progressive form. The iterative imperfective usually ends on (?~ or ??~).

Russian Reflexive VerbsRussian reflexive verbs are different than English reflexive verbs, because in English you can go without mentioning the directobject, for instance I shaved (you don’t need to say I shaved myself) but in Russian you can’t make that expression withoutinserting the “myself” the Russian way.Russian uses a suffix (-??) on the verb to indicate where a direct object is identical with the subject. So to express a reflexiveform in Russian, a reflexive particle (-??) is added after consonants and (-??) after vowels to the verb. Russian has a certain number of verbs that can be used as reflexive verbs or regular verbs; also, many times Russian usesreflexive verbs where English doesn’t.


Russian Verbs, Aspects, Russian Imperfective, Perfective, Present Tense, Russian Past Tense, Future Tense, MotionVerbs, Russian Reflexive Verbs.



Russian CasesSpeak7 2006 © speak7.com

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Russian Cases, Nominative Case, Russian Accusative Case, Genitive Case, Russian Dative Case, Instrumental Case andRussian Prepositional Case.




Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Instrumental and Prepositional: Like German and some other languages, Russian has something called cases, basically they’re changes that occur to nouns andtheir endings, to show what role they’re playing in a sentence. There are 6 cases in Russian: nominative, accusative,genitive, dative, instrumental, and prepositional.Before going into details let’s review them very quickly:

Russian Cases (Nominative, Accusative, Genitive, Dative, Instrumental and Prepositional)The nominative case answers the questions "who?/what?". The Russian Nominative is the basic form found in dictionariesfor nouns.The accusative case designates the object of an action. (I speak Russian)The genitive case refers to things belonging to other people. Just like when you use (of) or (the possessive ‘s)The dative case refers to things given or addressed to a person (object). (give it to me…)The instrumental case is used to refer to an instrument that helps to make something.The prepositional case is used after the prepositions “?” (about), “?” (in), “??” (at) to refer to a place

Russian Nominative CaseThe Russian nominative case answers the questions "who? what?” (I speak Russian, Russia is a nice country) the blue fontshows the position of the Russian nominative case. It’s considered the easiest case.The Russian Nominative is the basic form that you will find in dictionaries for nouns. The nominative case is used for thesubject of the sentence. It’s the basic case and also the easiest, the only changes required are for the plural (add the letters “?”,“?”, “?” or “?”).

Russian Accusative Case The accusative designates the object of an action. (I speak Russian, He speaks it too). The blue front shows the position of theaccusative case. Sometimes the accusative case looks exactly like the nominative case, but not always. To form the accusativefrom nominative you need to be familiar with the changes occurring to the nominative:

Russian Accusative CaseFor a masculine noun: For a feminine noun:When the noun in inanimate, no change is necessary.When the noun is animate and ends with a consonant, add “?”.When the noun is animate, replace “?”, add “?”.When the noun is animate, replace “?”, with “?”.

Replace “?” with “?”.Replace “?” with “?”.

For a neuter noun: since all neuter nouns are inanimate no change will occur, they stay the same.

Russian Genitive Case

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The genitive refers to things (people) belonging to other things (other people). Just like when you use (of) or (the possessive‘s). In Russian the possessor always follows the object possessed, while in English it may be both, (the story of Edward, orEdward’s story).

Russian Genitive CaseFor a masculine noun: For a feminine noun: For a neuter noun:for nouns ending in a consonant add “?”.replace “?”, add “?”.replace “?”, with “?”.

replace “?” with “?”.replace “?” with “?”.replace “?” with “?”.

replace “?” with “?”.replace “?” with “?”.

The Russian genitive usually answers the question (of whom? ?????/ of what? ????? Whose…?... ????)

??? ?????????? ???? (whose car is this?) ??? ?????????? ???? (that's Nadia's car./ That's the car of Nadia) The Russian genitive is also associated (not always) with some prepositions and verbs like:

Prepositions associated with the Russian genitive Russian Verbs???,???,??,??,

without,for,up to,from,

??-??,?????,??,?, ??,

because of,except for,on,with,

?,???????? ??,??????,

at,near to,behind,

?????,?????????,?????????????,??????

wait,reach,wish,ask,want

Russian Dative Case

The Russian dative case is used as the indirect object of a sentence. “Peter is teaching Russian to John”, John is the indirectobject and therefore takes the dative case, and it usually answers the question as (to whom? ????? / for what? ?????).

Russian Dative CaseFor a masculine noun: For a feminine noun: For a neuter noun:for nouns ending with a consonant, add “?”.replace “?”, add “?”.replace “?”, with “?”.

replace “?” with “?”.replace “?” with “?”.replace “?” with “?”.

replace “?” with “?” replace “?” with “?”

The Russian dative case is also associated with some verbs and prepositions:

Prepositions associated with the Russian Dative Russian Verbs (dative)?,??,

to,on,

???????,????????,

similarly to,according to,

?????????,???????,

owing to,contrary to,

??????????????

give,help,

??????????????????

advise,like,

Russian Instrumental Case In general the Russian instrumental case is used to indicate how something is done or the means by which an action is carriedout, usually in English it’s expressed by the prepositions "by, with". I learn Russian with books, and I practice it by chatting,

Russian Instrumental CaseFor a masculine noun For a feminine noun neuter noun- for nouns ending with “?”, “?”, “?”, “?”, “?”add “??” if unstressed, if stressed add “??”.- for other consonants, add “??”.- replace “?”, add “??”, if stressed “??”.- replace “?”, with “??”, if stressed “??”.

- for stems of nouns end with “?”, “?”, “?”, “?”,“?” replace “?” with “??” - for the rest replace “?” with “??”- replace “?” with “??”.- replace “?” with “??”, if stressed “??”.

simply add “?”

Some Instrumental prepositions

?(?) + Instrument with ??? + Instrument above????? + Instrument between ????? + Instrument in front of

The Russian instrumental case is used after prepositions like c (with), ????? (between), ??? (above), ????? (in front of), ???(under) … for example:

Russian Prepositional Case The Russian prepositional case is used after the prepositions “?” (about), “?” (in), “??” (at). Nouns take the prepositional casewhen they’re used to refer to a place, or time... (these prepositions are used sometimes with other cases). The nounsanswering the question "where" are often used with the prepositions ? and ??.

Russian Prepositional CaseFor a masculine noun: For a feminine noun: For a neuter noun:- simply add “?” - replace “?” with “?”.

- replace “?” with “?”.- replace “?” with “?”.

- replace “?” with “?”.- no need to replace “?” if it’s ending the word.

Russian Noun Case Endings

Russian Masculine Noun Case Endings

Nominative Case -- ? -? -? -? -?Accusative Case -- -- -- -- -- --

Dative Case -? -?? -? -?? -? -??Genitive Case -? -?? -? -?? -? -??

Prepositional Case -? -?? -? -?? -? -??Instrumental Case -?? -??? -?? -??? -?? -???

Russian Feminine Noun Case Endings:

Nominative Case -? -? -? -? -?? -?? -? -?Accusative Case -? -- -? -- -?? -- -? --

Dative Case -? -?? -? -?? -?? -??? -? -??Genitive Case -? -- -? -? -?? -?? -? -??

Prepositional Case -? -?? -? -?? -?? -??? -? -??Instrumental Case -?? -??? -?? -??? -??? -???

?-?? -???

Russian Neutral Noun Case Endings

Nominative Case -? -? -? -? -?? -??Accusative Case -? -? -? -? -?? -??

Dative Case -? -?? -? -?? -?? -???Genitive Case -? -- -? -? -?? -??

Prepositional Case -? -?? -? -?? -?? -???Instrumental Case -?? -??? -?? -??? -??? -????


Russian Cases, Nominative Case, Accusative Case, Russian Genitive Case, Dative Case, Russian Instrumental Case and

Prepositional Case.




Russian NounsSpeak7 2006 © speak7.com

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Russian Nouns, Noun Gender, Russian Nouns Cases …




Russian Nouns Overview: Nouns in Russian are just like nouns in English, the only different is that in Russian nouns change their formsand get different endings by using the 6 cases which help us know the role a noun is playing in a sentence.Again these cases are the nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, and prepositional. MoreoverRussian nouns are masculine, feminine, or neuter. Russian Gender of Nouns: As mentioned before, Russian is gender sensitive, with its three genders (masculine, feminine, or neuter) a newlearner should memorize the gender of a new word, along with the word itself, especially because there is nophysical meaning to many words. For example (man: ???????) is masculine, but also (bread ????) ismasculine, (daughter ????) is feminine but also (newspaper ??????) is feminine, so how would I have guessedthat (bread ????) is masculine and (newspaper ??????) is feminine?The good news is that in Russian you can guess almost all the time the gender of a noun by the way it’s spelled(especially its ending) which is an advantage to help you avoid struggling to remember the gender of a certainnoun, instead try to memorize only the rule: the first time you see a word in a dictionary, focus on its ending,for example:

Russian Nouns if a Russian noun ends in a consonant, or “?”, then the word is masculine. (????: bread) if a Russian noun ends in “?” or “?”, then the word is feminine. (??????: newspaper) if a Russian noun ends in “?”, “?”, then the word is neuter. (?????: radio) if a Russian noun ends in a soft sign “?”, then it could be either masculine or feminine:(????????: fortress) is feminine, (?????: Ruble) is masculine.

Note that these endings should be in the dictionary simple form, which is in the nominative case.And like any other language, there are some rare exceptions to these rules, Masculine: (Daddy: ????) or(Coffee: ????), and Neuter like: (first name: ???).

Russian Nouns & Cases As mentioned before, Russian nouns change their forms and get different endings by using the 6 cases which

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help us know the role a noun is playing in the sentence. Again these cases are the nominative, genitive, dative,accusative, instrumental, and prepositional.For example a noun in the dative case will take a different ending than the one it takes in the nominative,usually the difference occur only in the final letter or two.To understand nouns better you have to check the page of Russian Cases, which gives more explanations aboutthe Russian cases and their function.The table below shows the different endings a noun take in the six cases, in both singular and plural.

Russian Noun Case Endings

Russian ?asculine Noun Case Endings

Nominative Case -- ? -? -? -? -?Accusative Case -- -- -- -- -- --

Dative Case -? -?? -? -?? -? -??Genitive Case -? -?? -? -?? -? -??

Prepositional Case -? -?? -? -?? -? -??Instrumental Case -?? -??? -?? -??? -?? -???

Russian Feminine Noun Case Endings:

Nominative Case -? -? -? -? -?? -?? -? -?Accusative Case -? -- -? -- -?? -- -? --

Dative Case -? -?? -? -?? -?? -???

-? -??

Genitive Case -? -- -? -? -?? -?? -? -??Prepositional

Case-? -?? -? -?? -?? -??

?-? -??

Instrumental Case -?? -???

-?? -???

-???

-????

-?? -???

Russian Neutral Noun Case Endings

Nominative Case -? -? -? -? -?? -??Accusative Case -? -? -? -? -?? -??

Dative Case -? -?? -? -?? -?? -???Genitive Case -? -- -? -? -?? -??

Prepositional Case -? -?? -? -?? -?? -???Instrumental Case -?? -??? -?? -??? -??? -????

Sometimes a Russian noun is connected to a preposition which is placed just before. it is necessary to learn howto use cases in Russian. You will learn more about cases in separate lessons.


Russian Nouns, Nouns Declension, Russian Noun Gender, Nouns Cases



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You will learn in this lesson: Russian Adjectives, adjectives ending, Russian adjectives list.




Russian Adjectives are used just like in English to describe qualities to nouns, but they differ than English whenit comes to their agreement with nouns. Russian adjectives must agree with the noun they modify in gender andnumber, also adjectives must agree in the case as well, adjectives may change their endings in each case of thesix cases depending on which case the noun is using.So to have the proper form of an adjective, you should know what case/ gender/ number is used by the noun,then form the adjective accordingly, which means that if the noun is in the accusative feminine singular, youwill have to do the same with adjective.Below is a table of a very common ending which many adjectives take: Case Masculine Feminine Neuter EndingsNominative ?? ?? ?? ??Accusative Nom or Gen ?? Nom or Gen Nom or GenGenitive ??? ?? ??? ??Dative ??? ?? ??? ??Prepositional ?? ?? ?? ??Instrumental ?? ?? ?? ???

This is a list of adjectives:

List of Russian Adjectivesbad ?????? long, tall ???????big, large ??????? loud ???????cheap ??????? low, short ??????clean ?????? narrow ?????deep ???????? near ???????difficult ??????? old ??????dirty ??????? poor ??????early ?????? quiet ?????expensive ??????? rich ???????far ??????? shallow ??????fat ??????? short ????????good ??????? simple ???????hard ??????? soft ??????heavy ??????? strong ???????high, tall ??????? thin ??????

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late ??????? weak ??????light, easy ?????? wide ???????small ????????? young ???????


Russian Adjectives, adjectives ending, Russian adjectives list.




Russian Questions (Interrogative) and NegationSpeak7 2006 © speak7.com

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You will learn in this lesson: Russian Questions, Negation, How to make a question inRussian.




Questions in Russian

To ask a question in Russian you simply need to put a question mark at the end, no need to rearrange a sentence likein English, if you’re speaking simply add a “question tone” to your voice, let’s suppose English was the same asRussian, then you can simply say: you understand? (?? ??????????), instead of adding “do you understand?”. Or“you are ready?” instead of “are you ready?”…That’s how Russian works when you try to make a question andexpect a (yes/no) answer.

To make other kind of questions like: How? When? Why? you need to know the equivalent words in Russian, belowis a list of question tools:

Questions in RussianHow much money? ??????? ?????? Who? ????How much/many? ???????? What's the matter? ? ??? ?????How? ???? What do you need? ??? ??? ??????What did you say? ??? ?? ???????? When? ??????What is this? ??? ???? Which? ??????/ ????????What time is it? ??????? ???? What do you want? ??? ?? ???????Where from? ??????? What are you doing? ??? ?? ????????Where? ???? What's happened? ??? ??????????Who is this? ??? ???? What? ????Why? ???????

Note that some of these tools behave like adjectives, so they must be formed according to the case they’re used under(accusative, nominative, genitive, dative…) and also the gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) for example (??????Which?) can also be ?????? (feminine), ?????? (neuter) …“Whose” can be ???? (masculine), ???? (feminine), ???? (neuter), ???? (plural), also “what?” can be ????(nominative & accusative case), ????? (dative case: to what?), ????? (genitive case: of what?), ???? (instrumentalcase), ???? (prepositional case). Don’t worry it’s not that complicated as it may look, you just need to know theRussian cases to be able to deal with this kind of words.

Negation in Russian

The most common way to form negation in Russian is by using (?? and ???)? ??? ?? ???? (I don't know you). ??? ????? ??? (He's not here).

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In general, ?? means “no” while ??? means “not”.

Unlike English, Russian allows “double negative” expressions, for example you can say in Russian “I didn’tunderstand nothing” while in English you have to either say “I understood nothing” or “I didn’t understand anything”.The Russian negation rule indicates that if the verb in a phrase is negative, then all indefinite pronouns in that clauseshould be negative. Below is a table of some Russian negative pronouns that might be used with the negative “??” when necessary.

Russian Negative PronounsUsed in general. Used before infinitive verbs.no one ????? no one to ?????nothing ????? (??????) nothing to ??????never ??????? no time to ???????nowhere ????? nowhere to ?????

You may have noticed that there are two different forms of Russian negative pronouns, the first example is used ingeneral cases. The second example is used when we have a verb in the infinitive, like “I have nothing to do”. “to do”is in the infinitive and so it is in Russian. Some Russian negative expressions:

Russian Negative ExpressionsDon't worry! ?? ????????????I Don't understand! ? ?? ???????I don't know! ?? ????I have no idea. ??????? ?? ????

Below you will see the change occurring to “nothing/anything”, the first one is the basic form, the second one isbecause we have an infinitive verb which is “to do”.

Russian Negative Epressions (2)I'm not doing anything. ? ?????? ?? ?????.I have nothing to do. ??? ?????? ??????.

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Russian Questions, Negation, How to make a question in Russian.




English Russian Phrases/ SentencesSpeak7 2006 © speak7.com

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Russian Expressions, Conversations, Russian Greetings, Survival Phrases, and more



Vocabulary &WritingsRussian 101PhrasesVocabularyRussianExpressionsWrite a RussianLetterRussian Test(.PDF)

When the letters are in capital letters it means they should be stressed. Also some words will have more than one form (masculine, feminine and evenneuter) they’re usually separated by /. English Phrases Russian Phrases Russian PhrasesGreetings: Hi! privEt ??????!Good Morning! dObraye Utra ?????? ????!Good Evening! dObriy dEn/ vEcher (day/evening) ?????? ????/ ?????!Welcome! (to greet someone) dabrO pazhAlavat’ ????? ??????????!How Are You? kak dela? ??? ?????I'm Fine, Thanks! harashO! Spasiba ??????, ???????!And You? a u tibyA? ? ? ?????Good/ So-So. harashO/ tAk sibe ??????/??? ????Thank You (Very Much)! spasiba ???????!You're Welcome! (answering "thank you") pazhAlusta ??????????!Hey! Friend! Ey, drug! ??, ????\ ??, ????????.I Missed You So Much! Ya tak sil'no skuchAl/a (female) pa tibE ? ??? ?????? ??????/a ?? ????What's New? Chto nOvava? ??? ???????Nothing Much NiplOha/ NichivO ???????\ ??????.Good Night! spakOynay nOchi ????????? ????See You Later! da vstrEchi/ da svidAn’ya ?? ???????/ ?? ????????Good Bye! pakA/ da svidAn’ya ????/?? ????????

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Help & Directions: I'm Lost ya zabludils’a ? ??????????Can I Help You? Ya magU vam pamOch? ? ???? ??? ???????Can You Help Me? Vy mOzhite mne pamOch? ?? ?????? ??? ???????Where is the (bathroom/ pharmacy)? Gde nahOditsa (vAnnaya/ aptEka)? ??? ????????? (??????/ ??????)Go Straight! Then Turn Left/ Right! idite pryAmo, patOm nalEva/ naprAva ????? ?????, ????? ??????/???????I'm Looking For John. Ya ichU DzhOna ? ??? ?????.One Moment Please! MinUtu, pazhAlusta ??????, ??????????.Hold On Please! (phone) PadazhdIte, pazhAlusta! ?????????, ??????????!How Much Is This? SkOl'ka Eta stOit? ??????? ??? ??????Excuse Me ...! ( to ask for something) izvinite! / prastite ????????\????????Excuse Me! ( to pass by) izvinite! ????????!Come With Me! PaidyOmte sa mnOy! ???????? ?? ????!

Personal Info: Do You Speak (English/ Russian)? Vy gavarite pa anglIyski/ pa rUsski? ?? ???????? ??-?????????/??-???????Just a Little. Da, nimnOga ??, ???????What's Your Name? Kak vas zavUt? ??? ??? ??????My Name Is …. MinyA zavUt … ???? ????? …Mr.../ Mrs.…/ Miss… Gn / Gzha {GaspadIn/GaspazhA} ?-?/?-?? {????????/ ???????}Nice To Meet You! Ochin' priyAtna! ????? ???????You're Very Kind! vi Ochin’ dabrY ?? ????? ?????Where Are You From? Vy atkUda? ?? ???????I'm From (the U.S/ Russia) iz (ShtAtaf/ Rasii) ?? (??????/ ??????)I’m (American) yA amirikAnets ? ??????????Where Do You Live? Gde vy zhivYOte? ??? ?? ???????I live in (the U.S/ Russia) (Ya zhivU) v (SaidinÖnyh) shtAtah/ v Rasii ( ????) ? ??????/ ? ??????Did You Like It Here? vAm zdEs’ panrAvilas’? ??? ????? ????????????Russia Is a Wonderful Country Rasiya-zamichAtel’naya stranA ??????-????????????? ??????!What Do You Do For A Living? Chem vy zanimAitis’? ??? ?? ????????????I Work As A (Translator/ Businessman) (Ya) rabOtayu (pirivOchikam/ biznesmEnam) (?) ??????? (????????????/ ???????????)I Like Russian mnE nrAvitsa Russkiy ??? ???????? ???????I've Been Learning Russian For 1 Month Ya uchiL Ruskiy adin mEs’ats ? ???? ??????? 1 ?????Oh! That's Good! O! Eta harashO! ?! ??? ??????!How Old Are You? SkOl’ka vam let? ??????? ??? ????I'm (twenty, thirty…) Years Old. Mne (dvAdtsat'/ trItsat') let ??? (????????/ ????????) ???I Have To Go Mne nUzhna iti ??? ????? ????I Will Be Right Back! ya sichAs virnUs’ ? ?????? ??????? Wishes: Good Luck! udAchi! ?????!Happy Birthday! z dnÖm razhden’ya! ? ???? ????????!Happy New Year! S nOvym gOdam! ? ????? ?????!Merry Christmas! s razhdistvOm! ? ??????????!Congratulations! pazdravlyAyu! ??????????!

Enjoy! (For meals…) Na zdarOv’ye! ?? ????????!I'd Like To Visit your country One Day mnE by hatelas’ pabyvAt’ v vAshey stranE ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ? ????? ??????Say Hi To John For me. PiridAyte (DzhOnu) ot minyA privEt ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????!Bless you (when sneezing) bUte zdarOvy (means be healthy!) ?????? ???????!Good Night & Sweet Dreams! spakOynay nOchi i priYAtnyh snOf ????????? ???? ? ???????? ????!

Misunderstanding: I'm Sorry! (if you don't hear something) Prastite minyA, kAk vy skazAli? ???????? ????, ??? ?? ????????Sorry (for a mistake) Prastite/Izvinite ????????/ ????????No Problem! Bis prabl’Em ??? ???????Can You Say It Again? Paftarite pazhAlusta! ?????????, ??????????Can You Speak Slowly? mOzhna pamEdlenej? ????? ??-??????????Write It Down Please! Napichite pazhAlusta ????????, ??????????I Don't Understand! Ya ni panimAju ? ?? ???????I Don't Know! Ni znaju! ?? ????I Have No Idea. PanyAtiya ni imEyu ??????? ?? ????What's That Called In Russian? Kak Eta skazAt’ paruski? ??? ??? ??????? ??-???????What Does "horosho" Mean In English? chtO znAchit “horosho” na angliskam? ??? ?????? «horosho» ?? ???????????How Do You Say "Please" In Russian? kAk skazAt’ "please" parUski? ??? ??????? "please" ??-???????What Is This? chtO eta? (short: chtOyto?) ??? ????My Russian Is Bad. U min’A plOha s rUskim ? ???? ????? ? ???????I need to practice my Russian mnE nUzhna praktikovAt’sa v Russkam ??? ????? ?????????????? ? ???????Don't Worry! Ni bispakOytis’ ?? ???????????? Expressions & Words: Good/ Bad/ So-So. HarOshiy/ PlahOy/ tAk sibe ???????/??????/??? ????Big/ Small Bal'shOy {Aya/Oye}/ mAlin'kiy {aya/ oye} ????????? {-??} {-??} / ??????? {-??} {-??}Today/ Now aivOdn’a/ SichAs ???????/ ??????Tomorrow/ Yesterday zAftra/ fchirA ??????/ ?????Yes/ No da/ N'et ??/ ???Here You Go! (when giving something) Vot/ Vot, vaz'mite ???/ ???, ????????Do You Like It? Vam (eta) nrAvitsa? ??? (???) ?????????I Really Like It! Mne Eta Ochin' nrAvitsa! ??? (???) ????? ????????!I'm Hungry/ Thirsty. Ya hAchu YEst'/ Ya hAchu pit' ? ???? ????/ ? ???? ????In The Morning/ Evening/ At Night. utrAm/ vEchirom/ nOch’yu ?????/ ???????/ ?????This/ That. Here/There Eta/ To. Zdes’/ Tam ???/??. ?????/???To Me/To You. To Him/ To Her. Mn’e / tibE (vam). yimU (imU) / yey ??? / ???? (???). ??? / ??Really! na sAmom deli ?? ????? ????Look! (Pa)smatrI (??)??????!Hurry Up! Patarapis’! (Davay .../Davayte ...) ??????????! (????? ... /??????? ...)What? Where? Shto? / Gde? ???? ????What Time Is It? Skol’ka sichAs vr’Emini? ??????? ?????? ????????It's 10 o'clock. 07:30pm. Desyat’ chasof. / sEm' tritsat’ vEchira ?????? ?????/ ???? ???????? ??????Give Me This! DAy mn’e ... DAyti mn’e ... ??? ??? … ????? ??? ...I Love You! Ya tibyA l’ublyU ? ???? ?????I Feel Sick. Ya sibyA ploha chUstvuyu ? ???? ????? ????????

I Need A Doctor MnE nUzhin vrAch ??? ????? ????One, Two, Three adin, dvA, tri ????, ???, ???Four, Five, Six chitYri, p’At', shEst’ ??????, ????, ?????Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten sEm', vOsim', dEvit’, dEsit’ ????, ??????, ??????, ??????






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Russian Vocabulary such as: Food, Clothes in Russian, Family, Questions in Russian, List of Adjectives, List ofAdverbs in Russian, Time, Countrie, Nationalities in Russian…




Since the page has many words it may take sometime to display, please be patient, and try to memorize them all if you can, I listedhere only the most important stuff that you need to know. So it will not be a waste of time if you memorize them because you willcertainly need them in the future.

Food in Russianapple ?????? liver ??????apple juice ???????? ??? mashed potatoes ????bananas ?????? meat ????beans ???? milk ??????beef ???????? mineral water ??????????? ????beer ???? mushrooms ?????boiled eggs ??????? ???? omelet ?????borsh (beetrootsoup)

???? (russian soup) onion ???

bread ???? orange ????????broth ?????? orange juice ???????????? ???butter ????? pasta ????????cabbage ??????? peas ?????cake ???????? pepper ?????carrots ??????? pineapple a?????caviar ???? pizza ?????cheese ??? pork ???????chicken ?????? potato ????????chocolate ??????? red wine ??????? ????coffee ???? rice ???coffee with milk ???? ? ??????? roast beef ???????cream ?????? salad ?????

cucumbers ?????? salmon ??????cutlets ??????? salt ????dessert ?????? sandwich ?????????duck ???? sausage ???????fish ???? shashlik ??????fried eggs ??????? snacks ???????fried potatoes ??????? ???????? soda ???????fruit ?????? soft drinks ?????????????? ???????garlic ?????? soup ???grape juice ??????????? ??? spinach ??????grapefruit ????????? steak ????????grapes ???????? sugar ?????ground meat ???? sweets ???????ham ??????? tea ???ice cream ????????? tomatoes ????????jam ???? ukha (fish soup) ???

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juice ??? veal ????????kasha ???? vegetables ?????kidneys ????? water ????lemon ????? wine ????

Clothes and Family in Russianbelt ?????? aunt ???? blouse ????? brother ???? clothes ?????? children ???? coat ?????? dad ???? dress ?????? daughter ???? gloves ???????? family ????? handbag ??????? father ???? hat ????? granddaughter ?????? jacket ?????? grandfather ??????? jacket (top of asuit)

?????? grandmother ???????

laces ?????? grandson ???? large ??????? husband ??? leather ???? mother ???? medium ??????? mum ???? necktie ??????? parents ???????? pants ????? sister ?????? raincoat ???? son ??? scarf ???? uncle ???? shirt ??????? wife ???? shoes ????? silk ???? skirt ???? slippers ???????? ??????? small ????????? socks ????? suit ?????? sweater ?????? sweatshirt ???????? umbrella ?????? wool ??????

Other house stuff in Russiancup ????? book ?????fork ????? magazine ??????glass ?????? newspaper ??????kettle ?????? poetry ??????knife ??? napkin ???????? breakfast ???????plate ??????? lunch ?????? ???????spoon ????? dinner ???? supper ????

Other house stuff in Russianantibiotic ?????????? cream ????aspirin ??????? deodorant ??????????bandage ???? hair spray ??? ??? ?????eye drops ??????? ????? jewelry ????????? ???????plaster ???????? lipstick ?????? ??????thermometer ????????? nail polish ??? ??? ??????toothbrush ?????? ????? pearl ??????toothpaste ?????? ????? perfume ????vitamin pills ???????? shampoo ??????? soap ???? watch ????

Questions in RussianHow much money? ??????? ?????? Who? ????How much/many? ???????? What's the matter? ? ??? ?????How? ???? What do you need? ??? ??? ??????What did you say? ??? ?? ???????? When? ??????

What is this? ??? ???? Which? ??????/ ????????What time is it? ??????? ???? What do you want? ??? ?? ???????What's the datetoday?

????? ??????? ?????? What are you doing? ??? ?? ????????

Where from? ??????? What's happened? ??? ??????????Where? ???? What? ????Who is this? ??? ???? O.K.? ???????Why? ???????

List of Russian Adjectives

bad ?????? long, tall ???????big, large ??????? loud ???????cheap ??????? low, short ??????clean ?????? narrow ?????deep ???????? near ???????difficult ??????? old ??????dirty ??????? poor ??????early ?????? quiet ?????expensive ??????? rich ???????far ??????? shallow ??????fat ??????? short ????????good ??????? simple ???????hard ??????? soft ??????heavy ??????? strong ???????high, tall ??????? thin ??????late ??????? weak ??????light, easy ?????? wide ???????small ????????? young ???????

List of Russian Adverbsafterwards ????? some ?????????almost ????? some kind of ?????-??already ??? someone ???-??also, too ?????, ???? something ???-??always ?????? sometimes ??????any kind of ?????-?????? somewhere ???-??anyone ???-?????? still (???) ???anything ???-?????? such ?????anywhere ???-?????? suddenly ?????as ??? then ?????as far/much as ????????? then ?????because ?????? ??? there ???entirely ?????????? therefore ??????everywhere ????? this much/many ???????here ?????, ??? together ??????immediately ????? usually ??????never ??????? very ?????nobody ????? which/who/whom ???????nothing ?????? yet ???nowhere ????? (from) anywhere ??????-??????quite ?????? (from) somewhere ??????-??several ????????? (to) anywhere ????-??????so ???, ??????? (to) somewhere ????-??

Time Vocabulary in Russianearly ???? Sunday ???????????later on ????? week ??????soon ????? month ?????in time ??????? this month ???? ?????I'll be back in amoment.

? ????? ???????. next month ????????? ?????

second ??????? January ??????minute ?????? February ???????hour ??? March ????day ???? April a?????morning ???? May ???noon ??????? June ????evening ????? July ????night ???? August ??????tonight ??????? ??????? September ????????

today ??????? October ???????yesterday ????? November ??????the day beforeyesterday

????????? December ???????

tomorrow ?????? winter ????the day aftertomorrow

??????????? spring ?????

Monday ??????????? summer ????Tuesday ??????? autumn ?????Wednesday ????? year ???Thursday ??????? this year ???? ???Friday ??????? last year ??????? ???Saturday ??????? next year ????????? ???

Countries & Nationalities in RussianAfghani ???????/ ??????? Indian ??????/ ????????Afghanistan ?????????? Indonesia ?????????Algeria ????? Indonesian ??????????/ ???????????Algerian ???????/ ??????? Ireland ????????American ??????????/ ?????????? Irish ????????/ ????????Argentina ????????? Israel ???????Argentinean ??????????/ ?????????? Israeli ????????????/ ????????????Australia ????????? Italian ?????????/ ?????????Australian ??????????/ ??????????? Italy ??????Austria ??????? Japan ??????Austrian ????????/ ????????? Japanese ??????/ ??????Belgium ????????/ ????????? Korea ?????Belgium ??????? Korean ??????/ ????????Brazil ???????? Mexican ??????????/ ??????????Brazilian ????????/ ??????????? Mexico ???????British ??????????/ ?????????? Mongolia ????????Canada ?????? Mongolian ??????/ ????????Canadian ???????/ ??????? Morocco M??????China ????? Moroccan M???????????Chinese ??????/ ??????? Norway ????????Czech ???/ ????? Norwegian ????????/ ????????Czech Republic ????? Pakistan ????????Danish ????????/ ???????? Pakistani ??????????/ ??????????Denmark ????? Poland ??????Dutch ?????????/ ????????? Polish ???????????Egypt ?????? Romania ???????Egyptian ?????????/ ????????? Romanian ?????/ ???????Finland ????????? Scotland ?????????Finnish ????/ ????? Scottish ?????????/ ?????????France ??????? Spain ???????French ???????/ ??????????? Spanish ???????/ ???????German ?????/ ????? Sweden ??????Germany ???????? Swedish ????/ ??????Greece ?????? Swiss ?????????/ ?????????Greek ????/ ???????? Switzerland ?????????Holland ????????? Turkey ??????Hungarian ?????/ ???????? Turkish ?????/ ??????Hungary ??????? United Kingdom ???????????????India ????? USA ???????????-?????-???????

Colors in Russiancolor ????black ??????blue ?????brown ??????????gray ?????green ???????pink ???????red ???????white ?????yellow ??????


Russian Vocabulary such as: Food, Clothes in Russian, Family, Questions in Russian, List of Adjectives, List ofAdverbs in Russian, Time, Countrie, Nationalities in Russian…




Russian Expressions (Conversations)Speak7 2006 © speak7.com

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In this page you will find:


This is a list of possible expressions that may be needed in a conversation; it contains about 300 expressions, third of them is already

in Russian 101 phrases.




Russian Greetings Hi! ??????!Good morning! ?????? ????!Good evening! ?????? ????/ ?????!Welcome! (to greet someone) ????? ??????????!How are you? ??? ?????I'm fine, thanks! ??????, ???????!And you? ? ? ?????Good/ so-so. ??????/??? ????Thank you (very much)! ???????!You're welcome! (for "thank you") ??????????!Hey! Friend! ??, ????\ ??, ????????.I missed you so much! ? ??? ?????? ??????/a ?? ????What's new? ??? ???????How's it going? (informal) ??? ?????Nothing much ???????\ ??????.Good night! ????????? ????See you later! ?? ???????/ ?? ????????Good bye! ????/?? ????????

Help & Directions: Where is the (hospital/ pharmacy)? ??? (????????/ ??????)?Is it far? ??? ???????No, it's near. ???, ??? ??????.Turn right. ????????? ???????.Turn left. ????????? ??????.Go straight ahead. ????? ?????.Taxi! ?????!I'm in a hurry. ? ?????.

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Please stop here ??????????, ???????????? ?????.Please wait for me! ??????????, ????????? ????!How much (do I owe you)? ??????? ? ?????Where is the nearest bus stop? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????????What is the fare? ??????? ????? ???????What line should I take? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????I would like to see downtown ? ????? (??????) ?? ?????????? ????? ??????.What is the name of this palace? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????I'm Lost ? ??????????Can I help you? ? ???? ??? ???????Can you help me? ?? ?????? ??? ???????Where is the (bathroom/ pharmacy)? ??? ????????? (??????/ ??????)Go straight! Then turn left/ right! ????? ?????, ????? ??????/???????I'm looking for John. ? ??? ?????.One moment please! ??????, ??????????.Hold on please! (phone) ?????????, ??????????!How much is this? ??????? ??? ??????Excuse me ...! ( to ask forsomething)

????????\????????

Excuse me! ( to pass by) ????????!Come with me! ???????? ?? ????!

Personal Info: Do you speak (English/ Russian)? ?? ???????? ??-?????????/??-???????Just a little. ??, ???????What's your Name? ??? ??? ??????Let me introduce myself. ????????? ?????????????.I want you to meet my wife/ myhusband.

????????????? ? ???? ?????/ ???? ?????.

I am very happy to meet you. ????? ??? (????)My name is …. ???? ????? …Mr.../ Mrs.…/ Miss… ?-?/?-?? {????????/ ???????}Name (first name) ???last name ???????Patronymic (middle name) ????????What is your family name? ????? ? ???? ????????My family name is … ??? ??????? …single man ???????? ???????single woman ???????? ???????I have a son/ a daughter. ? ???? ???? ???/ ????.I don't have children. ? ???? ??? ?????.What is your native language? ????? ????/??? ?????? ?????My native language is English. ??? ?????? ???? - ??????????.French ???????????German ????????Spanish ?????????Italian ???????????Arabic ????????Russian ???????What languages do you speak? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????I speak English, French, Spanish. ? ?????? ??-?????????, ??-??????????, ??-????????.I don't know Russian. ? ?? ???? ???????.I speak poor Russian. ? ????? ?????? ??-??????.I want to learn Russian. ? ???? ??????? ???????.How tall are you? ?????? ?? ??????I am tall. ? ??????? (???????).I am not tall. ? ????????? (?????????)How much do you weigh? ??????? ?? ???????I weigh 65 kg. ? ???? 75 ??.Are you married? ?? ?????? (???????)?Do you have children? ? ??? ???? ?????

Yes, I have. ??. ? ???? ????.No, I don't have (any). ???. ? ???? ???.Nice to meet you! ????? ???????You're very kind! ?? ????? ?????Where are you from? ?? ???????I'm from (the U.S/ Russia) ?? (??????/ ??????)I’m (American) ? ??????????Where do you live? ??? ?? ???????I live in (the U.S/ Russia) ( ????) ? ??????/ ? ??????Did you like it here? ??? ????? ????????????Russia is a wonderful country ??????-????????????? ??????!What do you do for a living? ??? ?? ????????????I work as a (translator/businessman)

(?) ??????? (????????????/ ???????????)

I like Russian ??? ???????? ???????I've been learning Russian for 1month

? ???? ??????? 1 ?????

Oh! that's good! ?! ??? ??????!How old are you? ??????? ??? ????I'm (twenty, thirty…) Years Old. ??? (????????/ ????????) ???Have you got any plans fortomorrow?

????? ? ??? ????? ?? ???????

May I invite you to a restaurant? ????? ??? ?????????? ? ?????????See you tomorrow. ?? ??????.Very happy to see you. ????? ??? (????) ??? ??????.You look wonderful! ?? ??????????? ?????????!Thank you for the compliment. ??????? ?? ??????????.Let's be more informal with eachother.

??????? ???????? ?? "??".

Here's my address and phonenumber.

??? ??? ????? ? ???????.

How long will you be here? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????I'll stay here for about a week. ? ??????? ????? ????? ??????.How do you like Moscow? ??? ??? ???????? ???????It's a beautiful city. ??? ???????? ?????.What do you want to see in Russia? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????What do you know about Russia? ??? ?? ?????? ? ???????I don't agree with it. ? ?? ???????? (????????) ? ????.Have you ever been here before? ?? ???? ????? ???????It's my first trip to Russia. ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ??????.I enjoyed my stay here. ??? ????? ??????????? ?????.Have you ever been to the USA? ?? ?????-?????? ???? ? ????No, never. ???, ???????.You'll enjoy the trip. ?? ???????? ???????????? ?? ???? ???????.With pleasure! ? ?????????????!What do you do in your spare time? ??? ?? ??????????? ? ????????? ??????I play sports. ? ????????? ???????.I like to travel. ??? ???????? ...Let me accompany you. ????????? ??? ????????? ???.I hope to see you soon. ??????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????.Sure! ???????!Wonderful! Awesome! ????????????!I must be going now! ? ?????? (??????) ????.Hope we’ll meet again. ???????, ?? ??? ????????.I Have To Go ??? ????? ????I Will Be Right Back! ? ?????? ???????

Wishes: All the best! ????? ????????!Bless you (when sneezing) ?????? ???????!Congratulations! ??????????!Enjoy! (For meals…) ?? ????????!

Good luck! ?????!Good night & sweet dreams! ????????? ???? ? ???????? ????!Happy birthday! ? ???? ????????!Happy new year! ? ????? ?????!I will miss you. ? ???? ??????? ?? ????.I'd like to visit your country one day ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ? ????? ??????Merry christmas! ? ??????????!Say hi to John for me. ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????!Take care of yourself! ?????? ????! Misunderstanding: I'm sorry! (if you don't hearsomething)

???????? ????, ??? ?? ????????

Sorry (for a mistake) ????????/ ????????No problem! ??? ???????Can you say it again? ?????????, ??????????Can you speak slowly? ????? ??-??????????Write it down please! ????????, ??????????I don't understand! ? ?? ???????I don't know! ?? ????I have no idea. ??????? ?? ????What's that called in russian? ??? ??? ??????? ??-???????What does "horosho" mean inenglish?

??? ?????? «horosho» ?? ???????????

How do you say "please" in russian? ??? ??????? "please" ??-???????What is this? ??? ????My russian is bad. ? ???? ????? ? ???????I need to practice my Russian ??? ????? ?????????????? ? ???????Don't worry! ?? ????????????

Expressions & Words: Perhaps. ????? ????.Certainly. ???????.That’s bad. ??? ?????.Please. ??????????.Help! ????????!Oh! A?!Oops! ? ???!Cool! ?????!(very well) ?????!buddy ?????bastard ???????damn! ????!hurry up! ????????!Very interesting! ????? ?????????!How beautiful! ??? ???????!Permitted ?????????Forbidden ?????????That's it! ??? ???!Done! ??????!Sit down! ????????!Stand up! ????????!Good/ Bad/ So-So. ???????/??????/??? ????Big/ Small ????????? {-??} {-??} / ??????? {-??} {-??}Today/ Now ???????/ ??????Tomorrow/ Yesterday ??????/ ?????Yes/ No ??/ ???Here you go! (when givingsomething)

???/ ???, ????????

Do you like it? ??? (???) ?????????

I really like it! ??? (???) ????? ????????!I'm hungry/ thirsty. ? ???? ????/ ? ???? ????In the morning/ evening/ at night. ?????/ ???????/ ?????This/ That. Here/There ???/??. ?????/???To me/To you. To him/ To her. ??? / ???? (???). ??? / ??Really! ?? ????? ????Look! (??)??????!I have a reservation. ??? ???? ???????????? ?????.I would like (a single/ double room). ? ????? (??????) ?? (???????????/ ???????????) ?????.Is breakfast included? ??????? ????????It's very important. ??? ????? ?????.Did you enjoy your stay at ourhotel?

??? ??????????? ???? ??????????

I enjoyed my stay here. ? ??????? (????????) ??????????? ?????.Where are you staying? ??? ?? ?????????????At what hotel? ? ????? ??????????Hurry Up! ??????????! (????? ... /??????? ...)What? Where? ???? ????What time is it? ??????? ?????? ????????It's 10 o'clock. 07:30pm. ?????? ?????/ ???? ???????? ??????Give me this! ??? ??? … ????? ??? ...I Love You! ? ???? ?????One, Two, Three ????, ???, ???Four, Five, Six ??????, ????, ?????Seven, Eight, Nine, Ten ????, ??????, ??????, ??????How is the weather today? ????? ??????? ???????The weather is (fine/ bad) ?????? (???????/ ??????).Today it is (hot/ cold) ??????? (?????/ ???????).It’s snowing. ???? ????.It’s raining. ???? ?????.Would you like to visit me? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????Oh yes! ? ??!As soon as possible ??? ????? ??????Don't worry. He ????????????.How do you feel today? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ????????I feel bad. ??? ?????.I feel sick. ???? ??????.I have a fever. ? ???? ???????????.I have a headache. ? ???? ????? ??????.I have a toothache. ? ???? ????? ???.Lie down! ????????!Please call (a doctor/ an ambulance) ??????????, ???????? (?????/ ?????? ??????)Please give me something for afever.

??????????, ????? ??? ???-?????? ?? ???????????.

We need a doctor. ??? ????? ????.Where can I find a pharmacy? ??? ????? ???????O.K. ??????.Yes, certainly. ??, ???????.With pleasure! ? ?????????????!I agree. ? ???????? (????????)I don't agree. ? ?? ???????? (????????)I think so. ?????, ??? ??.Where is (the restaurant/ the café)? ??? (????????/ ????)?Could you recommend a goodrestaurant?

?? ????? ?? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????

Follow me, please. ???????? ?? ????, ??????????.The menu, please. ????, ??????????.What specialties do you have? ????? ? ??? ????????? ??????What is this? ??? ????More please. ???, ??????????.Do you want anything to drink? ?????? ???-?????? ???????With pleasure! ? ?????????????!Waitress! ??????????!Waiter! ????????!

To your health! ?? ???? ????????!It was delicious! ???? ????? ??????!The bill, please. ????, ??????????.Is the tip included? ???????? ?? ???????I would like to pay with a creditcard.

? ????? (??????) ?? ???????????? ????????? ??????.

Do you accept VISA credit cards? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????? VISA?Come back again! ????????? ???!






Writing letters in RussianSpeak7 2006 ©

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You will learn in this lesson: how to write a simple letter in Russian, writing a Russian letter to a penpal.




Writing letters is a good way to learn Russian. Having new penpal friends who speak the language you’relearning will give you a chance to put into words what you’ve learned in grammar, vocabulary …, the point isto make an effort constructing phrases and expressions, both by using a dictionary and from what you’velearned in general, in many ways writing letters to penpals will certainly help you a lot in your learning path.Below is a sample of an English/ Russian letter that you may take as an example to your first step in havingpen pals, or simply for the purpose of introducing yourself in Russian, you will notice that I sometimes includemore than one possibility, for example you will find more than one nationality in the same phrase (English/British), that way you can choose the most appropriate to you, modify it, delete, or add whatever you want, ifyou need some more vocabulary check the home page, also you will be able to find some additional phrases atthe phrases page …

The English Letter SampleDear....My name is Speak7 , I started learning Russian lately, and I thought it's a good idea to have some penpalfriends who speak the language, that way I can practice what I learned in Russian, and make new friends atthe same time.Let me tell you more about myself, I'm 26 years old, I’m a young (1) American / British (2) male (3), I livein Washington/ London (4), I study languages (5), I work as a surgeon/ carpenter/ mechanic (6), English(7) is my native language, I have one brother (8), and one sister (9), I have one son (10), one daughter (10), I live with my parents (11), I live by myself (12), I'm single (13), I’m married (14).In my free time I like to listen to music (15), watch movies, documentaries... I like to travel and meet newpeople...and much more.I want to learn Russian because I love it, I also want to learn it for my job/ my husband (16)/ my sons (17),and above all I think it's a nice language.As you can see, I can already write in Russian, but I still need to improve, because my vocabulary is limited,and I also use a dictionary a lot.I hope to receive a letter from you soon, with information about yourself and what you like to do ...I alsohope that you can help me improve my level in Russian.My friendly greetings to you.Speak7

The Russian Letter Example

???????/ ???????, (addressing a female)???? ????? ?????. ??????? ? ?????/-? ????? ??????? ???? ? ? ???????/-?, ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????

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??????? ? ?????????????? ????????. ????? ??????? ? ?? ??????????/-??? ? ???, ??? ??????/-? ? ???????????? ?????/-? ?? ????? ????????.???????? ? ????: ??? 26 ???, ? ???????/-?? (1) ??????????/-?? / ??????????/-?? (2, 3), ???? ? ??????????/ ??????? (4), ?????? ????? (5), ??????? ????????/ ????????/ ????????? (6). ?????????? (7) - ??? ?????? ????. ? ???? ???? ???? (8) ? ?????? (9), ??? (10)/ ???? (10), ? ???? ? ?????????? (11)/ ????/ ????(12), ? ??????/ ?? ??????? (13)/ ?????/ ??????? (14). ? ????????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? (15), ???????? ??????????????/?????????????? ??????, ???????????????, ??????????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ??????.? ???? ??????? ??????? ????, ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????????, ? ????? ??? ??????/ ??????? ? ????? (16)/ ????????? (17), ? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ???????? ????.??? ?? ??????, ? ??? ???? ??-??????, ?? ???????? ? ????????, ??? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ? ???????.? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ? ?????? ???????. ????????, ??????????, ? ????, ? ????? ??????????. ? ????????????, ??? ?? ???????? ??? ? ???????? ???????? ?????.???? ??? ???, ?????? ???? ? ?????!?????

Note:I tried to put numbers at the end of some expressions so that you would know which is which in case you’reconfused, obviously you need to delete the expressions that don’t correspond to your personality, also somenumbered expressions may have other alternatives, for example:(3, 7) = for other countries, languages, professions and nationalities, check the vocabulary pages or look themup online if your country is not listed here.(8 - 17) = delete the ones that don’t apply to you.The blue font refers to the feminine suffix that you should add at the end of the word in case you choose to usethe feminine.

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Learn Languages with Speak7It's all about languages!Speak7 Speak7.com

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How to learn a foreign language is the one million dollar question, but actually there is no magic answer, it issuggested that many aspects should be taken into consideration, as well as some tools used to learn a newlanguage, the good news is that there are methods and techniques that could be used for that purpose.

Language Components Language ToolsVocabularyGrammarWritingListening & Speaking

MemoryPracticeMotivation

Vocabulary: You will be amazed to know that normal people use only about 4000 words as their vocabularysource, even though a language could contain a million word, still only a very small part of it is used in the everyday life, which is a good news. Another good and surprising new is that 50% of the words used everyday makeonly between 100 to 200 words. So my advice to you is that when you memorize words, try to prioritize based onyour needs, give priority to words you think you may need in a normal conversations ... A smart way aroundvocabulary can save you a lot of time and enables you to speed up your learning process. You may want tomemorize a number of words everyday, the number would depend on how much time you can dedicate to that andalso how fast you want to learn the language. Let's say you decided to memorize 20 words everyday, remember thatthe more you memorize the harder it gets, once you memorized today's 20 words, tomorrow you will have first tosee if you still remember today's vocabulary, then you can add tomorrow's 20 new words, and so on. Grammar: it's the element that helps you manipulate the vocabulary you already learned. It doesn't make sense tohave a car without knowing how to drive it; grammar shows you how to "drive" your vocabulary. How to play withwords, which word to place first or last, how to shape a word depending on the situation and needs, also it helpsyou enrich your vocabulary, and show you tricks that can double the number of words you know just by simplyshowing you a rule to follow, for example, let<92>s say you learned some words (adjectives) like: natural,historical, exact, proud ... Grammar will tell you that if you add "-ly" to these words you will get an adverb that canwork in a whole different situation, that would allow you to use what you already memorized and "create" otherswords from the original ones such as "naturally, historically, exactly, proudly... this rule could apply to thousandsof adjectives, that's a lot of time saved, and that<92>s just one example. This exists in all languages not justEnglish. Grammar will help you shape your vocabulary the way you want, just like clay, you can make differentshapes out of one piece of soft clay, and so can you with one word. Writing: now you reached the part where you can combine vocabulary and grammar, and putting what youlearned into practice. For example you let<92>s say you have memorized the German words: Freund, aus,Deutschland, and you learned in grammar how to use the possessive (mein/e, dein/e, sein/e...) also how to use theverb (kommen: komme, kommst, kommt...), that will help you write a sentence like: mein Freund Gerhard kommtaus Deutschland (my friend Gerhard is from Germany).Basically writing is your first practice of what you have learned from vocabulary and grammar. There are manyways you can write and learn at the same time, chatting or writing letters to penpals is a good way to start. Listening & Speaking: when listening you're the "receiver", so always pay attention to "what" is said and "how"

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it's said. Because before speaking you need to know how things are pronounced, if you're a new learner it mayseem that the speaker is speaking very fast, the more you improve the more your ears get adjusted, because yourbrain will be processing the words at a faster pace due to some experience you gained. And since you're thereceiver you will be able to learn new things that you can add to your vocabulary list as well as to your grammar.Speaking is just like writing; the one difference is that you need to use your mouth instead of your pen. This willtest all what you learned (vocabulary, grammar, writing and listening), it takes more effort and your brain worksharder because in addition to "putting all your skills into practice" you will have to do that way faster. When youwrite you have enough time to write ideas and see if they're well organized, check for errors, change ideas ... butyou don't have that comfort when you speak, Speaking is more straightforward. The good news is that after enoughpractice, speaking will become natural, almost like your native language, you will be using some efforts butsubconsciously, and maybe speaking will become the easiest thing to do. Memory: Since vocabulary occupies a large place in every language, it can make or break your learner quest,vocabulary is often a matter of associating a meaningless collection of syllables with a word in your own language.Usually people associate these words by repetition or by saying the word in their own language and the foreignlanguage many times over. You can improve on this tedious way of learning by using for example the followingtechnique:Mnemonics to link words, this method is based on using images to link a word in your own language with a wordin a foreign language. For example, if you're learning Spanish, and learned that bread in Spanish is "el pan", tomake it easy to memorize this new word, imagine bread on a frying "pan<94>, which will help you one connectone thing to another in case you forgot. This is called the LinkWord technique, it can speed up your memorizationefficiency and therefore save you a lot of time, but you have to be creative and make a good association that youmay not forget. Practice: it's what keeps you in the right path, first because it allows you to "play" with what you already know,and discover what you don't know, also it helps you learn new things and best of all it prevent you from forgettingwhat you already learned. Practice lets you know your level, and by knowing your actual level you can determineyou<92>re your next level would be. Motivation: it's what keeps you going, and that's something you really need more than anything, because manylanguage learners lose interest within the first stages of their learning quest, that will not only mean that there willbe no improvement, but also may put everything you learned before at risk, because lack of motivation leads tolack of practice, and gradually you will forget most of what you know.

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