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Learn More About Lubrication
Bob Hoffman – Western Regional Engineering Manager
Nye Lubricants, Inc.
Agenda
The Design Challenge
What is a lubricant?
How do you choose?
Case Studies
Nye Introduction
The Design Challenge
What are the particular challenges in this industry?
Lube for Life
What is a lubricant?
Critical Design Components
Inhibit corrosion
Transfer heat
Aid assembly
Reduce noise
Control motion & feel
Act as a sealant
A lubricant is a material that reduces friction and wear between contacting surfaces.
Lubricants Come in Four Forms
Oils Greases
Solids / Dry Film
Dispersions
How do you choose?
Key Properties of Oils
Viscosity
Temperature
Chemistry
How do you choose?
Viscosity
Picture two plates
Sliding with respect to eachother
Fluid in between
One fixed
The other at constant speed
The viscosity is proportional to the force required to keep the speed constant
Viscosity- simple concept
Fluid Lubrication Regimes
Transmission Dental Handpiece
P - Pressure or Load
V - Velocity
Water Sand Magma?
Load Carrying Capability < = > Thickness of Lubricant Film
F(n) Temperature
F(n) Molecule size
Evaporation
Migration
Chemical Interaction
Viscosity: Importance to Lubrication
V
iscosity
Tem
per
atu
re
Viscosity (at 40°C)
• 3,000,000 cSt Asphalt
• 10,000 cSt Honey
• 2,500 cSt White Glue
• 100 cSt Olive Oil
• 1 cSt Water
Molecular Distribution- Conceptual
Molecule size
Molecule Frequency
Synthetic
Refined
How do you choose?
Temperature
Temperature
Pressure Differential Scanning
Calorimeter (PDSC)
Hot- Oxidation
Hot- Evaporation
Thermo-Gravimetric
Analyzer (TGA)
Cold- Pour Point
How do you choose?
Chemistry
Base Oil Chemistries
Ester
Hydrocarbons
• Mineral Oil
• Polyalphaolefin (PAO)
Fluorinated - PFPE
Silicone
Base Oil Performance
Temperature Range
Chemical compatibility
Plastics and Elastomers
Reactivity (Saponification)
Lubricity / Wear
Cost
Lubricant Additives
Anti-Oxidant
Anti-rust/ corrosion
Extreme Pressure
Viscosity or Friction modifier
Tackifier
Anti-wear/
Polymer
UV or Color Dye
Base Oil
Gellant Additives
Grease
What is a grease?
Gellants
Organic Soaps
Lithium
Sodium
Calcium, Calcium
Sulfonate
Complexes
Non-Soaps
Polyurea
Particles
Clay
Silica
PTFE
Carbon
Penetration Numbers vs. NLGI Grades
NLGI Grade ASTM Worked Penetration Analogy
000 445 – 475 Ketchup
00 400 – 430 Applesauce
0 355 – 385 Mustard
1 310 – 340 Tomato Paste
2 265 – 295 Peanut Butter
3 220 – 250 Vegetable Shortening
4 175 – 205 Frozen Yogurt
5 130 – 160 Cheddar Cheese Spread
6 85 – 115 Fudge
Most
Common
Base Oil
Consistency
Oil Separation
Dropping point
Apparent Viscosity
Grease performance metrics
Case Studies
Key Lubricant Design Considerations
Questions
Situation, Market
Environ-ment
Temper-ature
Materials
What have you tried
Load and Speed
Environ-ment
Production Volume
Packaging
Cost
Dry Film Lubricants
Ultra-Filtration-Precision Bearings
Barrier Films- Oil Migration
Dispersions
Related Topics
Connectors
Nye Introduction
Overview
$50 million annual sales
Fairhaven, MA
170 employees
83,000 square-
foot complex
Annual capacity of
>5 million lbs.
Nye History Since 1844
Nye Corporate Video
1844 1960’s Today
Change to Synthetic Lubricants