Leaning, Adult Learning and Learning Environment in

BPKIHS

Prof. Dr. Ram Sharan Mehta

1Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

What is Education?

2Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

What is Education?

• Change in behavior

• Make a men different from animal

• To make something out of Nothing

• Starts from womb till death

• Shiksha: discipline, control, instruct, raise

• Vidya: know, refer to knowledge

• Self realization: Sankaracharya

• Creation of sound mind in sound body: Aristotle

• All round drawing out of best of body, mind, and sprit: Mahatma Gandhi

3Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

Education is Tri-polar Process

.

Teacher Pupil

Subject Matter

Environment

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• The objective of education is not shape citizens to use of society, but to produce citizens able to shape a better society.

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Learning Theories:

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learning style• Each person perceives, processes,

stores and retrieves material in a unique way that is individual to their preference and style.

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Learning Approach:

Pedagogy, Andragogy, and Heutagogy

Pedagogy: The learner is dependent upon the

instructor for all learning

Andragogy: The learner is self-directed

and responsible for his/her own learning

Heutagogy: the study of self-determined learning

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Learning Theory

9Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

Learning Theory

Q: How do people learn?

A: Nobody really knows.

But there are 6 main theories:Behaviorism:

Cognitivism

Social Learning Theory

Social Constructivism

Multiple Intelligences

Brain-Based Learning

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Behaviorism

Confined to observable and measurable behavior

Classical Conditioning – Pavlov: Dog

Operant Conditioning – Skinner: Cat

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Cognitive Learning Theory

Discovery Learning

Bruner said anybody can learn anything at any age, provided it is stated in terms they can understand.

12Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

Social Learning Theory

Research indicates that the following factors influence the strength of learning from models:

1. How much power the model seems to have

2. How capable the model seems to be

3. How nurturing (caring) the model seems to be

4. How similar the learner perceives self and model

5. How many models the learner observes

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Multiple Intelligences (MI)

• All people are born with eight intelligences:

• Enables students to influence their strengths and purposefully target

1. Verbal-Linguistic 5. Musical

2. Visual-Spatial 6. Naturalist

3. Logical-Mathematical 7. Interpersonal

4. Kinesthetic 8. Intrapersonal

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BBL in the Classroom

• Opportunities for group learning

• Regular environmental changes

• A multi-sensory environment

• Opportunities for self-expression and making personal connections to content

• Community-based learning

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Rt. Side Brain Vs Lt. Side Brain< 10% Brain Use

Humanist

• All students are intrinsically motivated to self actualize or learn

• Learning is dependent upon meeting a hierarchy of needs (physiological, psychological and intellectual)

• Learning should be reinforced.

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LEARNING

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Nature of Learning

• Enabling to do or feel something new

• Prerequisite of any behaviour

• Gain by interacting with his environment

• Learning starts from inborn of child (Crying to fulfill needs and adjust)

• Learning continues till death

18Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

Nature of Learning (continue)

• Every aspects of human behaviour is responsive to learning experiences

• Life long process of development of cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills

• Learning:

- informal at home: child learn form parents

-formal at school

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• Learning is the acquisition of habits, knowledge and attitude. It involves new way of doing things and it operates in an individual’s attempt of overcome obstacles or adjust to new situations.

- Crow and Crow

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Learning

A process resulting in some modification, relatively permanent, of the way of

thinking,

feeling,

doing,

of the learner.

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Learning is ...

The act or process of acquiring knowledge and/or skill in a particular subject.

22Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

The Key to Success

Success depends not on how you are taught but on how you choose to learn.

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Choosing to Learn

In order to effect change on your behavior, you need a positive attitude about learning.

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Attitude is ...

A manner, feeling, or position toward a person or thing.

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Strategies for Building a Positive Attitude:

• Create positive self-images

• Visualize the attainment of goals

• Recognize Your Abilities

• Identify realistic expectations

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Some Confidence Builders

• Recognizing your abilities (competencies in various activities) is an attitude builder.

• Avoiding perfectionism.

• Developing your basic skills.

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Learning Strategies

• Know your learning style.

• Manage your time.

• Develop a study strategy.

• Practice Critical Thinking: postulate New Solution.

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Adult Learning

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• The learning's are focus on their real problems and need and they feel it will be useful in their work

• They get informal environment for learning

• They get progression of learning regularly

• They get opportunity to share their experience and expertise

Adult learn best in the following condition, when :

30Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

LEARNING PYRAMID WORKSHEET

Lecture

Reading

Audio-visual

Demonstration

Group Discussion

Practice by doing / teach others

Immediate use of learning

5%

10%

20%

30%

50%

75%

90%

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Learning Environment BPKIHS

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BPKIHS Learning Environment

• CBE = Community-Based Education

• CBL = Case-Based Learning

• CDP = Community Diagnosis Programme

• CLIP = Clinical Posting

• CLS = Clinical Lab Services

• CME = Continuing Medical Education

• COCRRIP = Community Oriented Compulsory Residential

Rotatory Internship Program

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• LABEX = Laboratory Exercises• LIF = Learning in Field• MCQ = Multiple Choice

Question• MEQ = Modified Essay

Question• OSCE = Objective Structured

Clinical Examination• OSLER = Objective Structured

Long Exercise Records• OSPE = Objective Structured

Practical ExaminationProf. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

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• PBL = Problem-Based Learning

• PSE = Problem Solving Exercise

• SAQ = Short Answer Question

• SEM = Seminar

• SGD = Small Group Discussion

• SIS= Structured Interactive Session

• SLAQ = Structured Long Answer Question

• SLQ = Structured Long Question

• SYCS = Sharpen Your Clinical Skills

• TPIC = Teaching Programme Implementation Committee

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Other Environment

• Library = Dedicated health sciences library

• Hostel = help inculcate habit of fellowship; being a residential university

student-teacher contact hour is maximized

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Innovative learning/teaching strategies

• WORK-BASED LEARNING

• PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

• SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING

• COMMUNITY-BASED LEARNING

• COMPUTER-ASSISTED LERNING

• COLLABORATIVE LEARNING

• COOPERATIVE LEARNINGProf. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

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Learning in BPKIHS focuses on:

• Knowledge-based education: Cognitive

• Attitudinal/behavioral change: Affective

• Skill-based education:

• Psychomotor

Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

The Details will be discuss later in Objective

Teacher’s Role in Facilitating Learning

• Create conducive learning environment of class room: all facilities

• Plan teaching learning sessions : set rules

• Organize the learning experiences: plan

• Find the learning needs of student and facilitate

• Clear explanation of T-L contents

• Use variety of learning resources

39Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

Teacher’s Role in Facilitating Learning

• Involve learner actively: assignments

• Encourage student for openness of mind but permit confrontation of ideas to certain extent only

• Follow the principles of reinforcement to motivate: give positive rewards

• Accept student’s view point and tolerate imperfection if any

• Accept individual difference is desirable and unavoidable

• Use T-L sessions to evaluate your own teaching.

40Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS

Skills and Strategies for Effective LearningWhat do you think about these two ways to cut a tree?

One man is working hard, but isn't making progress. The other is working smart, and is getting results!

Thank you

41Prof. Dr. RS Mehta, CON, BPKIHS