LEADERSHIP OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN

Abraham Lincoln

1809 1865186118341831

1809- Born in Hardin County, Kentucky.1831 -moved to New Salem,Illinois and worked as a clerk in a

general store1834 -Lincoln became involved in local politics as a supporter of

the Whig Party, winning election to the Illinois state legislature. 1836- Lincoln passing the bar examination after taught himself law.

Then he worked as a lawyer in Springfield, he was earn a reputation as “Honest Abe”

1860 – First speech about slavery, become the President of America

1861 – Civil war started1865 – 13th amendment signed, assassination by John W Booth

1836 1860

Agenda

Communication

Motivation

Managing Change

SWOT Analysis

Problem Identificati

on

Solution & Suggestion

Lincoln communication style is Assertive.He make conviction in others because of the conviction of

the speaker himself.He made concepts simple and communicated with an

understanding of the concerns of the citizens.He has great ability to communicate his goals to his

countrymen. He created a climate where Cabinet members were free to

disagree without fear of retaliation. At the same time, he knew when to stop the discussion and after listening to the various opinions, make a final decision.

Communication

Lincoln was a good writer and speaker who consistently moved people through his humor and kind personal presence.

He use stories, and imagery so the audience were likely remember his speech.

“Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.”

During the Civil War, Lincoln established direct communication and built connections with the troops by visiting the battlefield and hospitals, which also helped bolster morale.

Communication

Lincoln implemented Equity Theory of Motivation Abraham Lincoln appointed the best people to his Cabinets, who

were also some of his greatest political rivals.

Willingness to share credit for success

In response to concerns expressed by friends about the actions of some of his Cabinet members, Lincoln stated that the "path to success and ambition is broad enough for two”. When there was success, Lincoln shared the credit with all of those involved.

Willingness to Share Blame for Failure

When mistakes were made by members of his Cabinet, Lincoln stood up for them. When contracts related to the war effort raised serious questions about a member of his administration, Lincoln spoke up and indicated that he and his entire Cabinet were to blame.

Motivation

Motivate with create goal setting

When the war ended and he won reelection, Lincoln did not focus on his achievements. Rather, in his second inaugural speech, Lincoln focused on bringing the country together as expressed in the following excerpt.

“With malice toward none, with charity for all, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.”

Motivation

Lincoln wanted to solve the problem of slavery. The southern states were against the abolition of slavery. This brought the unity of the country in danger. The southern states were prepared even to form a new country. Abraham Lincoln wanted all the states to remain united. He wanted to preserve the unity of the country at any cost.

Finally a civil war broke out between the northern and southern states. He fought the war and declared, 'A Nation cannot exist half free and half slave.' He won the war and kept the country united.

Managing Change

“All persons held as slaves within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and

henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive government of the United States, including

the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and

maintain the freedom of said persons.

And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self defense; and I recommend to them that, in all cases when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.”

Unfreezing (Create the motivation to change)

• “What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union” – Lincoln

• 1861 - Lincoln sent his first annual message to Congress. In it he praised the free labor system, as respecting human rights over property rights; he endorsed legislation to address the status of contraband slaves and slaves in loyal states, possibly through buying their freedom with federal taxes, and also the funding of strictly voluntary colonization efforts

Changing (Provides new information or new behavioral models)

• 1862 – Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation• 1863 - Abraham Lincoln declaration that all slaves would be

permanently freed in all areas of the confederacy that had not already returned to federal control

Managing Change - solve the problem of slavery

Implementation of Lewin’s Change Model

Refreezing (by helping people integrate the changed behavior or attitude into normal procedures)

• Union-occupied areas of the Confederate states where the proclamation was put into immediate effect by local commanders included Winchester, Virginia, Corinth, Mississippi, the Sea Islands along the coasts of the Carolinas and Georgia, Key West, Florida, and Port Royal, South Carolina.

• An early program of reconstruction was set up for the former slaves, including schools and training. Naval officers read the proclamation and told them they were free

STEP Lincoln’s Implementation

1. Establish a sense of urgency

• Slavery devided the nation

2. Create the guiding coalition

• Joining a newly formed Republicant party. Spread about the slavery during debate with Stephen Douglas for seat in US senate

3. Develop a vision and strategy

• Economic and Financial modenization by expanding United States, with a focus on commerce and cities instead of agriculture. Ending slavery and preserving the union

Managing Change

Implementation of Kotter’s Eight Steps

4. Communicate the change-vision

• Lincoln used vision to provide direction for the nation and justify the war (”elevation of the condition of men”) and he reminded people of it at every opportunity. Lincoln also renewed his vision to ensure it remained meaningful.

5. Empower broad-based action

• Allowed African-American people to fight in the union army

• Give fully support to Ulysses S. Grant and let Grant persue a policy in a total war. Not only to attack soldiers but also the economy

6. Generate short-term wins

• By the fall of 1864, with Grant winning battles and the tide of war turning and Lincoln won re-election

Managing Change

STEP Lincoln’s ImplementationImplementation of Kotter’s Eight Steps

STEP Lincoln’s Implementation

7. Consolidate gains and produce more change

• Lincoln promised to pursue a policy of bringing the Southern states back into the Union and ending slavery forever.

• Ask Grant to win the war in order to persue the policies effectively.

8. Anchor new approaches in the culture

• Lincoln and his cabinet discussed reconstruction issue on his last cabinet meeting.

• He died before doing this.

Managing Change

Implementation of Kotter’s Eight Steps

• Integrity and Honest• Good in communication• Self learning ability• Awareness of own weaknesses• Clarity of vision• High fighting spirit• Faithful

Strengths

• Tendency to give people too many chances• Unable to manage work and family time• Unable to identify really good military

leadership• Suffering a depression

Weakness

SWOT Analysis

• Create a nation without slavery• Unify northern and southern states• Build a prosper and stable country

Opportunities

• High civil war cost can lead to bankruptcy• Lost of many lives can lead to lost of trust from the

citizens• Politic rivalry• Radical form of disagreement can endanger his

own safety

Threats

SWOT Analysis

Problem Identification

• Civil war because of the disagreement from the southern states about the abolishment of slavery

• Disagreement inside the parliaments

Put the right man on the right place

How to overcome problem

Accomodate Needs of Some Parliament Members in Exchange for Vote

Place McClellan as Major General to train and organize army for the Union Army (up to 1864)Place Ulysses Grant to replace mcclellan to win the civil war (success)

Lincoln fundamentally cared about people and made every effort to demonstrate that to them. Through kind and encouraging words, and authentic gestures of exceptional thoughtfulness, he assured people of their individual significance. He was most essentially a human being who identified with the challenges people faced and the sacrifices they made. His tremendous influence was due to this.

Willingness to make change is not easy to come by, and bureaucratic stumbling blocks are often seemingly impossible to overcome. But decisions must be made, and they must be consistent to be successful. Lincoln knew it. And because of his extraordinary decisiveness, he was able to make policy, produce change, and win the war.

Why we choose him as a leader

Because of Lincoln strategy of 'leading while being led" he was to always give credit where credit was due and, conversely, to accept responsibility when things went wrong and rewarded the 'individual’.

Why we choose him as a leader