leadership

MCA I YearBusiness Process

Unit II

G Roy Antony ArnoldLecturer / CSE

Infant Jesus College of Engineering

Tuticorin, Tamilnadu, India

The Meaning of LeadershipLeadership is influencing

others to achieve certain aims or objectives

Leadership is an influence relationship among leaders and followers who strive for real change and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes.

G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu, India

What do leaders do?Deciding objectives for the organizationProviding expertise and setting standards for

the organizationDetermining the structure of the organizationAllocating rewards and punishmentActing as role models.


What makes good leader?Traditional View

Has a strong, decisive characterIs an ‘expert’ in the relevant field of business

Is an autocratFocuses on profits and financial success

Is a good communicatorG Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu, India

What makes good leader?Modern View

Is charismatic, with a flair for public relations

Possesses principlesIs an excellent communicator – this includes being a good listener

Welcomes advice and support from specialists

Is flexible and able to flourish in a changing environmentG Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant

Jesus College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu, India

Components of LeadershipLEADERSHIP

A C H I E V E

V I S I O N

COMMUNICATION

CREDIBILITY

Credibility:

The quality that the leaders have, that makes people believe or trust them.

Achieve:

To succeed in doing something or causing something to happen

Vision:

The ability to think about or plan the future with great imagination and intelligence

Communication:

The activity or process of expressing ideas and feelings or of giving people information


Principles of Leadership1. Know yourself & seek improvement.2. Be technically Proficient3. Seek Responsibility & take responsibility for your

actions4. Make Sound and timely decisions5. Set the example6. Keep Staff Informed.7. Know your people and look out their well-being8. Develop the sense of Responsibility in your

workers.9. Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, &

accomplished 10.Work as a team 11.Use the full capabilities of your organization


Factors of LeadershipFour factors of

leadership:The Leader

The Follower

The Situation

The Communication


Factors of LeadershipThe Leader:

Have an honest understanding of:

Who you are

What you know

What you don’t know

What you can do


Factors of LeadershipThe follower:

“the staff members who are responsible as follower”

Know their: Inexperienced level pertaining to a task Confidence level Hard worker???


How Followers Respond to the Leaders

Commitment: Followers are enthusiastic to achieve the leaders’objectives, and they accept the objectives as their own

Compliance: Followers do whatthey are told, but without any enthusiasm.

Resistance: Followers may appear to respond but not actually do so.Or they may get angry and evensabotage the leader’s plan

Most Likely Response Of FollowersType of Influence tactic

Used by Leaders

Charisma

Reward

Coercion

FormalPosition

Expertise


Factors of LeadershipThe Situation:

“Always changing, never one in the same.”

Consider:

The task

Time & staff available for task

Subordinate competence level


Factors of LeadershipCommunication:

“Exchange of information and ideas from one person to another.”

Pay attention to:

Word choice

Physical actions

Voice tone


Leader Traits and SkillsManagerial MotivationSelf – ConfidenceTechnical SkillsHuman Relations SkillsConceptual SkillsEnergy LevelEmotional MaturityPhysical Attributes

Leader BehaviorTask-Oriented BehaviorGroup-Maintenance ”Influencing SubordinatesRepresentative Behavior

Leader PowerExpert PowerReward PowerCoercive PowerReferent PowerUpward PowerLateral PowerLegitimate Power

End – Result VariablesGroup PerformanceGoal AttainmentGroup CapabilityMember PsychologyHealth and Growth

Intervening VariablesSubordinate effort & commitmentSubordinate SkillsSubordinate Role ClaritySubordinate – Leader RelationSupport Services & ResourcesTask – Role OrganizationGroup Cohesiveness & Teamwork

Exogenous Situational VariablesTask Characteristics & TechnologyScope of Formal AuthorityLegal – Political ConstraintsEnvironmental ForcesSubordinate Needs, Values & Personality

Leadership Variables


Leadership Models

Managerial Grid.

Four Frame work Approach.


The Managerial Grid Model

Concern for Production or Process G Roy Antony Arnold Lecturer / CSE Infant Jesus College of Engineering Tuticorin, Tamilnadu, India

Types based on Grid ModelAuthoritarian (9 on task, 1 on people)

Team Builder(9 on task, 9 on people)

Country Club (1 on task, 9 on people)

Impoverished (1 on task, 1 on people).


Four Framework ApproachIn the Four Framework Approach, Bolman and Deal suggest

that leaders display leadership behaviors in one of four types of frameworks:

Structural Framework

Human Resource Framework

Political Framework

Symbolic Framework


In an effective leadership situation, the leader is a social architect whose leadership style is analysis and design.

While in an ineffective leadership situation, the leader is a petty tyrant whose leadership style is details.

Structural Leaders focus on structure, strategy, environment, Implementation, experimentation, and adaptation.

Structural Framework


In an effective leadership situation, the leader is a catalyst and servant whose leadership style is support, advocate, and empowerment.

while in an ineffective leadership situation, the leader is a pushover, whose leadership style is abdication and fraud.

Human Resource Leaders believe in people and communicate that belief; they are visible and accessible; they empower, increase participation, support, share information, and move decision making down into the organization.

Human Resource Framework


In an effective leadership situation, the leader is an advocate, whose leadership style is coalition and building.

While in an ineffective leadership situation, the leader is a hustler, whose leadership style is manipulation.

Political leaders clarify what they want and what they can get; they assess the distribution of power and interests; they build linkages to other stakeholders, use persuasion first, then use negotiation and coercion only if necessary.

Political Framework


In an effective leadership situation, the leader is a prophet, whose leadership style is inspiration.

While in an ineffective leadership situation, the leader is a fanatic or fool, whose leadership style is smoke and mirrors.

Symbolic leaders view organizations as a stage or theater to play certain roles and give impressions; these leaders use symbols to capture attention; they try to frame experience by providing plausible interpretations of experiences; they discover and communicate a vision.

Symbolic Framework


Leadership Styles

Leader

Modern

Seeks Advice Flexible & adaptable

Charismatic

Good communicator

Traditional

Expert Decisive

Strong

Downward communicator

Democratic

Discussion

DecentralizationDelegation Autocratic

Labor turnover

Downward communicator

Sets objectives

Power at top


leadership

Education

s e ia tse o e d e nd

p ve e

o e e ve ha w rke

ip s isa e e nt c

o o e tha ha e nd utc

uc e s isag o c

kno yo e s e im ro

thefull c p b e