lcross our latest mission to the surface of the moon. developed and managed by nasa ames research...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
LCROSSLCROSS
• Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon.
• Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman.
• Goal: to test whether or not water ice deposits exist on the Moon.
• Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon.
• Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman.
• Goal: to test whether or not water ice deposits exist on the Moon.
![Page 3: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why look for water?Why look for water?
• Humans exploring the Moon will need water:– Option 1: Carry it there.– Option 2: Use water that may be there already!
• Carrying water to the Moon will be expensive!
• Learning to “Live off the land”would make human lunar exploration easier.
• Humans exploring the Moon will need water:– Option 1: Carry it there.– Option 2: Use water that may be there already!
• Carrying water to the Moon will be expensive!
• Learning to “Live off the land”would make human lunar exploration easier.
![Page 4: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Early Evidence for WaterEarly Evidence for Water
Clementine Lunar Prospector
Two previous missions, Clementine (1994) and Lunar Prospector (1999)
gave us preliminary evidence that there may be deposits of water ice at
the lunar poles.
![Page 5: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Clementine bistatic radar - 1994Clementine bistatic radar - 1994
• Circular polarization ratio (CPR) consistent with ice crystals in the south polar regolith.
• Later ground-based studies confirmed high-CPR in some permanently-shadowed craters.
• However, Arecibo scans have also found high-CPR in some areas that are illuminated, probably due to surface roughness.
• Are we seeing ice or rough terrain in dark polar craters?
• Circular polarization ratio (CPR) consistent with ice crystals in the south polar regolith.
• Later ground-based studies confirmed high-CPR in some permanently-shadowed craters.
• However, Arecibo scans have also found high-CPR in some areas that are illuminated, probably due to surface roughness.
• Are we seeing ice or rough terrain in dark polar craters?
![Page 6: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Lunar Prospector neutron spectrometer maps of the lunar poles. These low resolution data indicate elevated concentrations of
hydrogen at both poles; it does not tell us the form of the hydrogen. Map courtesy of D. Lawrence, Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Lunar Prospector neutron spectrometer maps of the lunar poles. These low resolution data indicate elevated concentrations of
hydrogen at both poles; it does not tell us the form of the hydrogen. Map courtesy of D. Lawrence, Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Hydrogen has been detected at the poles by Lunar Prospector in 1999. Is it water ice???Hydrogen has been detected at the poles by Lunar Prospector in 1999. Is it water ice???
![Page 7: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Lunar Prospector Impact – July 31, 1999Lunar Prospector Impact – July 31, 1999
• South pole impact at end of mission
• Low angle (6.3°), low mass (161 kg), and low velocity (1.69 km/s) less than ideal for water ice detection.
• No water detected.
• Results not conclusive.
• South pole impact at end of mission
• Low angle (6.3°), low mass (161 kg), and low velocity (1.69 km/s) less than ideal for water ice detection.
• No water detected.
• Results not conclusive.
![Page 8: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
New Evidence for WaterNew Evidence for Water
Data from 3 other probes has now shown that small amounts of water
are widespread across the surface of the Moon. The amount of water
may change during the course of the lunar day.
Deep Impact CassiniChandrayaan-1
![Page 9: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Where did we look? Where did we look?
JPL/Goldstone Radar Image
Cabeus
![Page 10: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1010
How could there be water at the lunar poles?
How could there be water at the lunar poles?
The Sun never rises more than a few degrees
above the polar horizon so the crater floors are in permanent shadow.
The crater floors are very cold with temperatures of
-238° C (-397° F, 35 K), so water molecules move very slowly and are trapped for billions of years.
Clementine Mosaic - South Pole
![Page 11: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Where could water ice come from?Where could water ice come from?
Over the history of the Moon, when comets or asteroids impact the Moon's surface, they briefly produce a very thin atmosphere that quickly escapes into space.
Any water vapor that enters permanently shadowed craters could condense and concentrate there.
![Page 12: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Where could water ice come from?Where could water ice come from?
Water molecules at lower latitudes may form from interactions with hydrogen streaming out in the solar wind. These water molecules may get baked out of the lunar soil and can then get trapped in polar craters.
![Page 13: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Our Latest Lunar MissionsOur Latest Lunar Missions
Lunar Reconnaissance OrbiterLRO
Lunar Crater Observationand Sensing Satellite
LCROSS
![Page 14: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Lunar Reconnaissance OrbiterLunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
• LROC – image and map the lunar surface in unprecedented detail
• LOLA – provide precise global lunar topographic data through laser altimetry
• LAMP – remotely probe the Moon’s permanently shadowed regions
• CRaTER - characterize the global lunar radiation environment
• DIVINER – measure lunar surface temperatures
• LEND – measure neutron flux to study hydrogen concentrations in lunar soil
• LROC – image and map the lunar surface in unprecedented detail
• LOLA – provide precise global lunar topographic data through laser altimetry
• LAMP – remotely probe the Moon’s permanently shadowed regions
• CRaTER - characterize the global lunar radiation environment
• DIVINER – measure lunar surface temperatures
• LEND – measure neutron flux to study hydrogen concentrations in lunar soil
![Page 15: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• On-board propulsion system used to capture at the Moon, insert into and maintain 50 km mean altitude circular polar reconnaissance orbit
• 1 year exploration mission followed by handover to NASA science mission directorate
• On-board propulsion system used to capture at the Moon, insert into and maintain 50 km mean altitude circular polar reconnaissance orbit
• 1 year exploration mission followed by handover to NASA science mission directorate
Minimum Energy Lunar Transfer
Lunar Orbit Insertion Sequence
Commissioning Phase, 30 x 216 km Altitude
Quasi-Frozen Orbit, Up to 60 Days
Polar Mapping Phase, 50 km Altitude Circular Orbit, At least 1 Year
LRO Mission Overview LRO Mission Overview
![Page 16: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
LCROSS Mission ConceptLCROSS Mission Concept
• Impact the Moon at 2.5 km/sec with a Centaur upper stage and create an ejecta cloud that may reach over 10 km about the surface
• Observe the impact and ejecta with instruments that can detect water
• Impact the Moon at 2.5 km/sec with a Centaur upper stage and create an ejecta cloud that may reach over 10 km about the surface
• Observe the impact and ejecta with instruments that can detect water
![Page 17: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Excavating with 6.5-7 billion JoulesExcavating with
6.5-7 billion Joules
• About equal to 1.5 tons of TNT
• Minimum of 200 tons lunar rock and soil will be excavated
• Crater estimated to have ~20-25 m diameter and ~3-5 m depth
• Similar in size to East Crater at Apollo 11 landing site
• About equal to 1.5 tons of TNT
• Minimum of 200 tons lunar rock and soil will be excavated
• Crater estimated to have ~20-25 m diameter and ~3-5 m depth
• Similar in size to East Crater at Apollo 11 landing site
![Page 18: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
LCROSS Mission SystemLCROSS Mission System
• Shepherding Spacecraft: guided and aimed the Centaur to its target and carried all of the critical instrumentation.
• CentaurUpper Stage: provided the thrust to get us from Earth orbit to the Moon and was then used as an impactor.
• Shepherding Spacecraft: guided and aimed the Centaur to its target and carried all of the critical instrumentation.
• CentaurUpper Stage: provided the thrust to get us from Earth orbit to the Moon and was then used as an impactor.
14.5 m
![Page 19: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
•Visible (263–650 nm) emission and reflectance•spectrometry of vapor plume, ejecta cloud•Measure grain properties•Measure emission H2O vapor dissociation,OH- (308 nm) and H2O+(619nm) fluorescence
UV/Vis Spectrometer
•NIR (1.2–2.4um) emission and reflectance•Spectrometry of vapor plume, ejecta cloud•Measure grain properties•Measure H2O ice features•Occultation viewer to measure water vapor absorption by cloud particles
NIR Spectrometer
•NIR (0.9–1.7 um) context imagery•Monitor ejecta cloud morphology•Determine NIR grain properties•Water concentration maps
NIR Cameras
•MIR (6.0–13.5 um) thermal image•Monitor the ejecta cloud morphology•Determine MIR grain properties•Measure thermal evolution of ejecta cloud•Remnant crater imagery
Thermal Cameras
•Three color context imagery•Monitor ejecta cloud morphology•Determine visible grain properties
Color Camera
•Measures total impact flash luminance•(425–1,000 nm), magnitude, and decay of flash•Sensitive to total volatile soil content, regolith depth and target strength
Flash Radiometer
SpectrometerTelescopes
![Page 20: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Save $ and Time by Using an Existing Structure Designed to Carry Heavy
Payloads During Launch
Save $ and Time by Using an Existing Structure Designed to Carry Heavy
Payloads During Launch
EELV Secondary Payload Adapter or ESPA Ring
But how do you make a spacecraft out of something that looks like a sewer pipe?
Put LRO on top
Attach bottom of
ESPA Ring to top of rocket
Use ESPA ring to make
LCROSS spacecraft
![Page 21: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Answer: Put Equipment Around the Rim and Tank in the Middle
Answer: Put Equipment Around the Rim and Tank in the Middle
Propellant Tank
ESPA Ring
Solar Array
Equipment Panel (1 of 5)
Integrated LCROSS Spacecraft
![Page 22: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Different Panels Perform Different Functions
Different Panels Perform Different Functions
Solar Array
Batteries
Science Instruments
Power Control
Electronics
Command and Data Handling
Electronics (including computer)
Attitude Control and Communications
Electronics
LCROSS Viewed From Above without Insulation
![Page 23: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Panel Approach Makes LCROSS Easier to Put Together
Panel Approach Makes LCROSS Easier to Put Together
LCROSS with Panels Laid Flat for Integration of Electronics
![Page 24: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Other Equipment Includes Two Types of Antennas to Talk Back to Earth
Other Equipment Includes Two Types of Antennas to Talk Back to Earth
Omni (Low Gain) Antenna (1 on each
side)
Medium Gain Antenna (1 on each side)
![Page 25: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
And Sensors to Determine Spacecraft Attitude (Pointing)
And Sensors to Determine Spacecraft Attitude (Pointing)
Star Tracker
Sun Sensors (10 total)
Solar Array
![Page 26: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Propulsion System Must Maneuver and Point the Spacecraft
Propulsion System Must Maneuver and Point the Spacecraft
Propellant Tank
(40.85” dia)Post
Supports Thrusters
(1 of 4)
5 lb Thruster for
Maneuvers (1 of 2)
1 lb Thruster for Attitude Control
(1 of 8)
![Page 27: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Launch: June 18, 2009Launch: June 18, 2009
• Both LCROSS and LRO shared space aboard an Atlas V launch vehicle.
• Launch occurred at Cape Canaveral.
• Both LCROSS and LRO shared space aboard an Atlas V launch vehicle.
• Launch occurred at Cape Canaveral.
![Page 28: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• We used the Atlas V Launch Vehicle.• This is the latest version in the Atlas
family of boosters.• Earlier versions of Atlas boosters
were used for manned Mercury missions 1962-63.
• Atlas V has become a mainstay of U.S. satellite launches.
• NASA has used Atlas V to launch MRO to Mars in 2004 and New Horizons to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt in 2006.
• We used the Atlas V Launch Vehicle.• This is the latest version in the Atlas
family of boosters.• Earlier versions of Atlas boosters
were used for manned Mercury missions 1962-63.
• Atlas V has become a mainstay of U.S. satellite launches.
• NASA has used Atlas V to launch MRO to Mars in 2004 and New Horizons to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt in 2006.
Launch Vehicle
![Page 29: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Launch was from Space Launch Complex 41 (SLC-41) at Cape Canaveral.
• Historic site where many previous missions launched:
• Helios probes to the Sun• Viking probes to Mars• Voyager planetary flyby and
deep space probes• Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter• New Horizons spacecraft to
Pluto and Kuiper Belt
• Launch was from Space Launch Complex 41 (SLC-41) at Cape Canaveral.
• Historic site where many previous missions launched:
• Helios probes to the Sun• Viking probes to Mars• Voyager planetary flyby and
deep space probes• Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter• New Horizons spacecraft to
Pluto and Kuiper Belt
Launch Site
![Page 30: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
When?When?
• LRO/LCROSS launched June 18, 2009.
• This led to impact at 11:30UT on October 9 for LCROSS.
• Impact targeted the South Pole region of the Moon.
• LRO/LCROSS launched June 18, 2009.
• This led to impact at 11:30UT on October 9 for LCROSS.
• Impact targeted the South Pole region of the Moon.
![Page 31: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Centaur-LCROSS-LRO at TLICentaur-LCROSS-LRO at TLI
![Page 32: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
LRO SeparationLRO Separation
![Page 33: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
LCROSS Lunar Flyby: L + 5 daysLCROSS Lunar Flyby: L + 5 days
![Page 34: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Lunar Flyby: June 23, 2009Lunar Flyby: June 23, 2009
![Page 35: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
LCROSS Trajectory: The Long and Winding Road
LCROSS Trajectory: The Long and Winding Road
• Flyby transitioned to Lunar Gravity Assist Lunar Return Orbits (LGALRO).
• 3 LGALRO orbits about Earth (~36 day period).
• Long transit also provided time to vent any remaining fuel from Centaur.
• Flyby transitioned to Lunar Gravity Assist Lunar Return Orbits (LGALRO).
• 3 LGALRO orbits about Earth (~36 day period).
• Long transit also provided time to vent any remaining fuel from Centaur.
![Page 36: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
LCROSS taken through Liverpool 2-meter Telescope, La Palma, Canary Islands – Robert Smith
![Page 37: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
LCROSS in flight taken through an amateur 16-inch telescope – Paul Mortfield
![Page 38: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
LCROSS in flight taken through an amateur 16-inch telescope – Paul Mortfield
![Page 39: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
LCROSS Separation: Impact - 9 hrs 40 minLCROSS Separation: Impact - 9 hrs 40 min
![Page 40: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Centaur ImpactCentaur Impact
![Page 41: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Centaur ImpactCentaur Impact
![Page 42: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Into the PlumeInto the Plume
• During the next 4 minutes, the Shepherding Spacecraft descended into the debris plume, measured its composition, and transmitted this information back to Earth.
• The Shepherding Spacecraft then ended its mission with a second impact on the Moon.
• During the next 4 minutes, the Shepherding Spacecraft descended into the debris plume, measured its composition, and transmitted this information back to Earth.
• The Shepherding Spacecraft then ended its mission with a second impact on the Moon.
![Page 43: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Cabeus as Seen From LCROSSCabeus as Seen From LCROSS
![Page 44: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Centaur Impact From LCROSSCentaur Impact From LCROSS
![Page 45: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Centaur Impact PlumeCentaur Impact PlumeLCROSS Visible Camera Image of Ejecta Cloud
10 kmLCROSS / NASA ARC / A. Colaprete
![Page 46: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Centaur Impact PlumeCentaur Impact PlumeLCROSS Visible Camera Image of Ejecta Cloud
10 km
Field of View of instruments making measurements of the vapor and debris composition
LCROSS / NASA ARC / A. Colaprete
![Page 47: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Centaur Impact CraterCentaur Impact CraterLCROSS NIR Camera image from about 10 km above surface
Centaur Crater
LCROSS / NASA ARC / A. Colaprete
![Page 48: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Centaur Impact CraterCentaur Impact CraterLCROSS NIR Camera image from about 10 km above surface
80 meters
LCROSS / NASA ARC / A. Colaprete
![Page 49: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
LCROSSLCROSSLCROSS Instruments Involved in Water Measurements
UV/Vis Spectrometer
NIR Spectrometer
![Page 50: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Water Signatures Detected!Water Signatures Detected!LCROSS Observations with Model Fit
LCROSS / NASA ARC / A. Colaprete
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2
Brig
htne
ss
Wavelength (microns)
![Page 51: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
OH Also Detected! OH Also Detected!
OH Emission
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
300 305 310 315 320
Ratio
of P
ost-
to P
re-Im
pact
Wavelength (nm)
Band Strength Time aft
er Impact
LCROSS / NASA ARC / A. Colaprete
![Page 52: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
So How Much Water?So How Much Water?
•At least 100kg or about 25 gallons seen in spectra of impact•First estimates for total in permanently-shadowed areas are about 1-2% of the volume of the Great Salt Lake•50-100 billion gallons!•Amount will be refined by measurements from LRO.
![Page 53: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
New Questions to AnswerNew Questions to Answer
•Where did the water come from?
•How long has it been there?
•What kinds of processes have been involved in putting it there, modifying it, and removing it?
![Page 54: LCROSS Our latest mission to the surface of the Moon. Developed and managed by NASA Ames Research Center in partnership with Northrop Grumman. Goal: to](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022102906/56649ceb5503460f949b611e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
QuestionsQuestions