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LCD HMIUser Manual

for

RS232 VT100,RS232 Modbus,

Isolated RS485 Modbus&

RS232 Dual-Channel ADCMonitor/Controller

Date-Code: 110916

Revision: 1.12

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ContentsREVISION HISTORY.......................................................................................5OVERVIEW......................................................................................................6

Start-up Screen .....................................................................................................................6Figure 1 – VT100 Start-up Screen ......................................................................................6Figure 2 - Side View showing construction .........................................................................7Figure 3 - VT100 Text Display ............................................................................................7

COMMON SPECIFICATION............................................................................8Environmental .......................................................................................................................8Mechanical.............................................................................................................................8

Figure 4 - Mechanical Fixing ...............................................................................................8Electrical ................................................................................................................................8Display: ..................................................................................................................................9Module Temperature.............................................................................................................9Communications Ports.........................................................................................................9RS232-A .................................................................................................................................9

CONFIGURATION ..............................................................................................................9VT100..................................................................................................................................9MODBUS.............................................................................................................................9

RS232-B .................................................................................................................................9MODBUS.............................................................................................................................9

RS485-A ...............................................................................................................................10CONFIGURATION ............................................................................................................10MODBUS...........................................................................................................................10

RS485-B ...............................................................................................................................10MODBUS...........................................................................................................................10

TTL-A....................................................................................................................................10Optional Interfaces on VT100 & Modbus Units................................................................11

Relay/Buzzer/LED Drivers ................................................................................................11Push-Button.......................................................................................................................11

Function .........................................................................................................................11Indications .........................................................................................................................11

Diagnostics..........................................................................................................................11DUAL-CHANNEL MONITOR/CONTROLLER SPECIFICATION ..................12

Analogue Inputs (Optional)................................................................................................12Furniture ..............................................................................................................................12

Push-Button.......................................................................................................................12Screen Change..............................................................................................................12Alarm & Trip Reset ........................................................................................................12Factory Defaults.............................................................................................................12

External LEDs ...................................................................................................................12External Relays .................................................................................................................12

CONNECTIONS ............................................................................................13Figure 5 – Hand Crimping Tool .........................................................................................13

Blade Tool............................................................................................................................13Figure 6 - Cable Insertion with Blade Tool........................................................................13

Lever Tool ............................................................................................................................13Figure 7 - Cable Insertion with Lever Tool ........................................................................13

CAD VIEWS...................................................................................................14Figure 8 - Rear View .........................................................................................................14Figure 9 - Inside View........................................................................................................14

CONFIGURATION.........................................................................................15Configuration Editor ...........................................................................................................15

Figure 10 - Configuration Editor ........................................................................................15Demonstration ...................................................................................................................15

Text ................................................................................................................................15Graphics ........................................................................................................................15

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Factory Defaults ................................................................................................................15Auto Table .........................................................................................................................16Event Log ..........................................................................................................................16Modbus Data .....................................................................................................................16Saving................................................................................................................................16

Event Log & Diagnostic Screen ........................................................................................16Figure 11 - Event Log & Diagnostic Screen......................................................................16Event Log ..........................................................................................................................16Log Clearing ......................................................................................................................16Diagnostics........................................................................................................................16

Modbus Display/Editor Screen..........................................................................................17Figure 12 - Modbus Display/Editor Screen .......................................................................17

Analogue Channel Scaling & Editing................................................................................18Figure 13 – Analogue Channel Editing Screen.................................................................18Channels Selection ...........................................................................................................18Parameter Selection..........................................................................................................18Scaling...............................................................................................................................18Figure 14 - Scaling Diagram .............................................................................................18Averaging ..........................................................................................................................18

Control Decision Matrix......................................................................................................19Figure 15 - Output Action ..................................................................................................19Filter Counts ......................................................................................................................19Setting Actions ..................................................................................................................19

[M]ove ............................................................................................................................19[C]ycle............................................................................................................................19[F]ix ................................................................................................................................19

Control Strategies..............................................................................................................19Dual Channel Controller.....................................................................................................20

Figure 16 - Controller/Monitor ...........................................................................................20Engineering Units Display .................................................................................................20Output Device Status ........................................................................................................20Channel Bargraph .............................................................................................................20Relay Reset.......................................................................................................................20Status ................................................................................................................................20Figure 17 - LCD Status Display.........................................................................................20

MODBUS RTU...............................................................................................21Modbus Variants .................................................................................................................21

Modbus Relay ...................................................................................................................21Speed Conversion.............................................................................................................21

Modbus Maps ......................................................................................................................21Table 1 – HI-RES Modbus Table Entries for LCD Registers ............................................21Table 2 - Modbus Status Register Bitfields.......................................................................21

Modbus Implementation.....................................................................................................22Typical Modbus Display .....................................................................................................23

Figure 18 - Typical Modbus Display..................................................................................23Diagnostics..........................................................................................................................23

Modbus Errors...................................................................................................................23APPENDIX.....................................................................................................24

Signal Converters ...............................................................................................................24TTL<>RS232.....................................................................................................................24RS232<>USB....................................................................................................................24RS485<>USB....................................................................................................................24RS485<>USB....................................................................................................................24

VT100 Implementation........................................................................................................25Standard VT100 Terminal Control Escape Sequences...................................................25

Device Status ....................................................................................................................25Query Device Code <ESC> [ c......................................................................................25Report Device Code <ESC> [ {code} 0 c ......................................................................25Query Device Status <ESC> [ 5 n .................................................................................25

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Report Device OK <ESC> [ 0 n .....................................................................................25Report Device Failure <ESC> [ 3 n ...............................................................................25Query Cursor Position <ESC> [ 6 n ..............................................................................25Report Cursor Position - CPR <ESC> [ {row} ; {column} R...........................................26

Terminal Set-up.................................................................................................................26Reset Device <ESC> c..................................................................................................26# Enable Line Wrap <ESC> [ 7 h ..................................................................................26# Disable Line Wrap <ESC> [ 7 l...................................................................................26

Fonts..................................................................................................................................26$ Font Set G0 <ESC> ( A ..............................................................................................26$ Font Set G1 <ESC> ) A ..............................................................................................26

Cursor Control ...................................................................................................................26Cursor Home – CUP, HVP <ESC> [ {row} ; {column} H ..............................................26Cursor Up – CUU <ESC> [ {COUNT} A ........................................................................26Cursor Down - CUD <ESC> [ {COUNT }B ...................................................................26Cursor Forward – CUF <ESC> [ {COUNT} C ...............................................................26Cursor Backward – CUB <ESC> [ {COUNT} D.............................................................26Force Cursor Position <ESC> [ {row} ; {column} f.........................................................26Save Cursor <ESC> [ s .................................................................................................26Unsave Cursor <ESC> [ u .............................................................................................26# Save Cursor & Attributes <ESC> 7 ............................................................................26# Restore Cursor & Attributes <ESC> 8........................................................................26

Display...............................................................................................................................27Display Inverted <ESC> [ 5 h .......................................................................................27Display Normal <ESC> [ 5 l ..........................................................................................27Display Off <ESC> [ 75 h .............................................................................................27Display On <ESC> [ 75 l...............................................................................................27Cursor On <ESC> [ 10 h or <ESC> [ 25 h ..................................................................27Cursor Off <ESC> [ 10 l or <ESC> [ 25 l .....................................................................27

Scrolling – Not Implemented .............................................................................................27# Scroll Screen <ESC> [ r .............................................................................................27# Scroll Screen <ESC> [ {start} ; {end} r .......................................................................27# Scroll Down <ESC> D ................................................................................................27# Scroll Up <ESC> M ....................................................................................................27

Tab Control – Not Implemented ........................................................................................27# Set Tab <ESC> H.......................................................................................................27# Clear Tab <ESC> [ g ..................................................................................................27# Clear All Tabs <ESC> [ 3 g ........................................................................................27

Erase In Line .....................................................................................................................27Erase End of Line <ESC> [ K ........................................................................................27Erase Start of Line <ESC> [ 1 K....................................................................................27Erase Line <ESC> [ 2 K ................................................................................................27Erase ‘n’ Characters <ESC> [ 2 X - VT200 Command !!! .............................................27

Erase In Display ................................................................................................................27Erase Down <ESC> [ J..................................................................................................28Erase Up <ESC> [ 1 J ...................................................................................................28Erase Screen <ESC> [ 2 J ............................................................................................28

Printing – Not Implemented...............................................................................................28# Print Screen <ESC> [ i ...............................................................................................28# Print Line <ESC> [ 1 i .................................................................................................28# Stop Print Log <ESC> [ 4 i .........................................................................................28# Start Print Log <ESC> [ 5 i .........................................................................................28

Define Key – Not Implemented .........................................................................................28# Set Key Definition <ESC> [ {key} ; "{string}" p ...........................................................28

Set Display Attributes ........................................................................................................29Set Attribute Mode <ESC> [ {attr1} ; .. .; {attrn} m.........................................................29

Control Characters .............................................................................................................30Exceptions.........................................................................................................................30

Extended VT100 Terminal Control Escape Sequences ..................................................31Control Sequences............................................................................................................31

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Control Relay/Buzzer/External LED ..............................................................................31Control On-board LEDs .................................................................................................31LED Back-light Intensity <ESC> [ {Pn} i ........................................................................31LCD Contrast <ESC> [ {Pn} W......................................................................................31

Graphics Sequences.........................................................................................................31Graphics Attributes............................................................................................................32

Graphics Attribute GA < ESC> [ {Pn…} a .....................................................................32Graphics Drawing Functions GD.......................................................................................32

Draw Point <ESC> [ x1 ; y1 G .......................................................................................32Draw Line <ESC> [ x1 ; y1 ; x2 ; y2 G...........................................................................32Draw Continued Line <ESC> [ x2 ; y2 G......................................................................32Draw Box <ESC> [ x1 ; y1 ; x2 ; y2 G ..........................................................................32Draw Filled Box <ESC> [ x1 ; y1 ; x2 ; y2 G.................................................................32Draw Circle <ESC> [ x1 ; y1 ; r G................................................................................32

Erasing Graphics...............................................................................................................32Erase Graphics Screen to White <ESC> [ 3 J...............................................................32Erase Graphics Screen to Black <ESC> [ 4 J ...............................................................32Erase Graphics Screen to TA <ESC> [ 5 J ...................................................................32

MacroGraphs.....................................................................................................................33Draw MacroGraph Screen <ESC> [ {Pn} Y...................................................................33

Figure 19 – MacroGraphs 1&2 with plotted sinusoid ........................................................33An Example Application.....................................................................................................34

Figure 20 - Graphics Plot with Text Annotation ................................................................34Figure 21 - MacroGraph #3 with data in the noise level ...................................................34

Revision History1.01 - Draft1.02 - Added photographs1.03 - Added Mechanical drawing1.04 - Modified TTL voltage levels & added connector/pin-out details. Using LK1 to reset todefault values. Added extra Backlight intensity methods. 1.05 – Added Bootlace Ferrule info to “Connections”1.06 – Added ADC Dual-Channel Monitor/Controller version details1.07 – Added isolated RS485 version information1.08 – Added LCD Modbus Registers and Bit-field Definition1.09 – Revamped Controller implementation1.10 – Added Modbus Auto Table feature and Signal Converters1.11 – Added limitations to Modbus implementation1.12 – Adjusted Modbus poll periods

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OverviewThis document describes the features of a 21 character by 8 line LCD module for a compactHuman-Machine Interface, (HMI).

Four model variants are available:1. VT100 protocol for text and graphics display.2. Isolated RS485 RTU Modbus, 8-register display and relay / speed conversion.3. RS232 RTU Modbus, 8-register display and relay / speed conversion.4. Dual-Channel Monitor/Controller w/RS232 Modbus relay/slave

Start-up ScreenThis initial screen gives the settings of the two RS232/RS485 ports. Note the CPU temperature,which can be tens of degrees Celsius higher than the local ambient.

Figure 1 – VT100 Start-up Screen

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Figure 2 - Side View showing construction

Figure 3 - VT100 Text Display

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Common Specification

EnvironmentalTemperature Rating:

Operational: -20 to 70°C (70°C for Display)Storage: -20 to 80°C (75°C for Display)

Relative Humidity: 0 to 90%, non-condensing

MechanicalDimensions: 78 x 70 x 35mm, (L x W x D)Weight: 0.13kgFixing: 4 x M2.5 threaded Hex Pillars – screws required

Figure 4 - Mechanical Fixing

ElectricalSupply Voltage: 24Vdc +/-15%; Reverse-voltage protection, with re-settable fuseSupply Current: ~40mAConnectors: 2-Pin connector w/cage-clamp connections

2.1mm inverted Jack, DC10A centre-pole=+ (Optional)

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Display:Type: LCD Transflective/Positive (Black on Green/Yellow)Mode: FSTNDuty: 1/64Viewing Direction: 6 o’clock Dot Size: 0.39 x 0.55mmDisplay Area: 62.06 x 44.0mm (H x W) Graphics Resolution: 128 x 64 dotsText Resolution: 21 characters x 8 linesBack-light: Yellow LED, three settable levels: OFF-LOW/MEDIUM-HIGHContrast: Preset, adjustable via configuration screen

Module TemperatureAccuracy: +/-5% of full-scale accuracy of range: 10-50°CResolution: +/-0.5°C

Communications PortsTwo three-wire RS232/RS485 Ports

RS232-AConnectors: 3-Pin connector w/cage-clamp connections

CONFIGURATIONProtocol: RS232 – VT100 Text – use TeraTerm VT100 EmulatorBaud Rate: Fixed 115200,8,1,NActivation: Press ‘+++’ within 10s of energisation

VT100Protocol: RS232 – VT100 Text & Graphics CommandsBaud Rate: Programmable 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200, 38400,

57600 and 115200; default 115200,8,1,NFlow Control: Selectable XON/XOFF software control: default on.

MODBUSProtocol: RS232 Modbus RTU Master Interface Address: Programmable via configuration screenBaud Rate: Programmable: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200, 38400,

57600 and 115200; default 9600,8,1,NPolling Period: Programmable: 1 to 30s

RS232-BMODBUSConnector: 3-Pin connector w/cage-clamp connectionsProtocol: RS232 Modbus RTU Slave Interface Address: Programmable via configuration screenBaud Rate: Programmable: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200, 38400,

57600 and 115200; default 9600,8,1,NPolling Period: Minimum: 1s

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RS485-AConnectors: 3-Pin connector w/cage-clamp connections

CONFIGURATIONProtocol: VT100 Text – use PC TeraTerm VT100 Emulator via

RS232/USB to RS485 converterBaud Rate: Fixed 115200,8,1,NActivation: Press ‘+++’ within 10s of energisation

MODBUSProtocol: RS485 Modbus RTU Master Interface Address: Programmable via configuration screenBaud Rate: Programmable: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200, 38400,

57600 and 115200; default 9600,8,1,NPolling Period: Programmable: 1 to 30s

RS485-BMODBUSConnector: 3-Pin connector w/cage-clamp connectionsIsolation: 1500VdcProtocol: RS485 Modbus RTU Slave Interface Address: Programmable via configuration screenBaud Rate: Programmable: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200, 38400,

57600 and 115200; default 9600,8,1,NPolling Period: Minimum: 1s

TTL-ANB: Must be specified at time of order; minimum quantities applyConnector: J6 Header – 3-pin 0.1inch KK Molex 22-27-2031. Pin-out: 1=0V; 2=Rx; 3=Tx.Voltage Levels: Nominal 3.3V; 5V Tolerant. The TTL interface will provide a minimal cost display, for

attachment to a local PCB. This potentially saves the use ofTTL<>RS232 converters at either ends, or RS232<>RS485.

Caveat: Maximum 300mm cable run

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Optional Interfaces on VT100 & Modbus UnitsThese devices are NOT fitted as standard and must be specified on the order.

Relay/Buzzer/LED DriversTwo drivers can be provided for interfacing to customer's equipment.Two pin Molex headers J5 & J9, allow removable connection. A 5V current-limited source is provided; A 100Ohm resistor limits current draw to 50mA.The low-side driver switch is suitable for loads connected to the 24V supply.The output may be set/reset under VT100 control

1. 5V Relay: Direct connection, with external catch diode. (1N4004)2. 24V Relay: Use 24V supply and an external catch diode. (1N4004)3. Buzzer: 5V continuous tone type4. External LED: Requires additional current-limiting resistor. (100R inclusive)

Push-Button A two-pin Molex connector, J10, for use with a momentary contact type switch, e.g. push-button3V pull-up and ~1mA wetting current.Function

<1s Cycle Menu>2s within first 10s Load Default settings>2s after first 10s Reset Relays & LEDs(MONITOR mode)>10s after first 10s Re-boot

IndicationsLight Emitting Diodes, (LEDs), may be used to convey the following.

# Connection Name Colour State Description1 On-board Power Blue On Whilst 24Vdc is applied2 External via J12 RS232-A Green Pulse-Off After data reception3 External via J11 RS232-B Red Pulse-Off After data reception

The latter two may be set/reset via the VT100 protocol. The Power LED is not normally fitted,since the LCD backlight serves to indicate energisation.

DiagnosticsOn-board supply monitoring is employed and in the absence of the LCD drive voltage, the LCD isdisabled and the LED back-light is flashed to draw attention to the problem.Strategic system parameters are provided at the bottom-right of the configuration screen, alongwith an event log, which displays the last six entries.VT100 commands may be typed in directly, using the TeraTerm terminal emulation software.

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Dual-Channel Monitor/Controller SpecificationThis variant offers full Modbus capabilities, plus the ability to accept two ADC inputs formonitoring or control. The two parameters are scaled and added to the Hi-Res Modbus map, forremote access. A third register is employed to convey the Relay/LED status as a bit-field.

Analogue Inputs (Optional)Analogue Inputs: 2 Multiplexed channels available

+/-0.1% resolution+/-1% of full scale accuracyRange: 0-25mA (External devices must be self-powered)

Sample Period: sub-secondConnector: J8, 2-pole WAGO Cage-clamp per inputProtection: Each input is zener-clamped at ~5V, with a series-connected re-

settable fuse. (Allow 5mins to recover after an activation)

FurniturePush-Button The two-pin Molex connector on J10, has several functions, dependant on mode and closureduration:Screen ChangeA momentary contact closure, (less than 1s), will advance the VT100 and LCD screens to thenext, in a circular fashion.Alarm & Trip ResetThis is only relevant in Monitor mode, whereby both relays and LEDs are pre-defined to Alarmand Trip functions. Contact closure, (>2s), after at least 10s of energisation, will effect a reset ofrelays and LEDs.Factory DefaultsLonger than 2s in the first 10s of energisation will reload the factory default settings.

External LEDsTwo drivers for externally connected LEDs are available on Molex connectors, J11 & 12, for Redand Green LEDs respectively.

External RelaysTwo drivers for externally connected Relays are available on Molex connectors, J5 & 9.A diode clamp MUST be employed for all reactive loads. A suitable device is a 1N4004 diode,with its cathode connected to the positive terminal of the external source.

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ConnectionsAll connections are made using a Cage Clamp™ block.

Use Bootlace Ferrules to provide strain-relief: Farnell #841-183; Weidmuller #H0,5/14; Insulated,0.5mm, orange.http://uk.farnell.com/weidmuller/h0-5-14/ferrule-insulated-0-5mm-orange/dp/841183

A suitable hand-crimping tool is: Farnell #299-870; Davico DCE 025http://uk.farnell.com/davico/dce-025/crimp-tool-for-ferrules/dp/299870

Figure 5 – Hand Crimping Tool

Blade ToolA screwdriver blade is inserted in the upper sloping rectangular slot and pushed down until thewire clamp opens. The bared wireis inserted and the bladewithdrawn.

Figure 6 - Cable Insertion withBlade Tool

Lever ToolAn alternative and more effectivetool is the WAGO tool, which actsas a lever, requiring minimal effortfrom the user.

Figure 7 - Cable Insertion withLever Tool

Operating Tool: WAGO #258120 -Farnell #236-332http://uk.farnell.com/wago/236-332/operating-tool-cage-clamp/dp/258120?_requestid=856303

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CAD ViewsCAD views of the processing card are depicted below. These are idealised, but convey areasonable indication of component placement and overall looks.

Figure 8 - Rear View

Figure 9 - Inside View

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ConfigurationA set of PDA-sized screens utilising the VT100 protocol to offer display and editing of theotherwise inaccessible functions, may be evoked within 10s of energisation.. Many PDAs areavailable that are supported by third party VT100 Terminal Emulation. The screen size is 40characters by 24 lines. PC emulators can be used and the standard 80x24 screen can be set to40x24, for compactness.

A VT100 compatible terminal programme is required and configured for 115200bps,8,1,N. An eminently suitable programme is the open-source freeware TeraTerm, (version 2.3):http://www.vector.co.jp/authors/VA002416/teraterm.htmlTeraTerm supports the first 16 COM Ports, but the installed configuration sets a maximum of onlyfour. Edit the text file, “TERATERM.INI” and adjust the following entry accordingly:

; Max serial port numberMaxComPort=16

See this URL for the latest user manual:http://ttssh2.sourceforge.jp/manual/en/INI settings:http://ttssh2.sourceforge.jp/manual/en/setup/teraterm.html

Configuration EditorThis is the entry screen and provides setting of the communications protocols, LCD adjustmentsand Control Mode.To enter the configuration screens, press three, or more ‘+’ characters, within the first 10s ofpower-up.

Figure 10 - Configuration Editor

DemonstrationTwo demo screens may be evoked.TextThis merely fills the LCD screen with thefull character set. GraphicsThis is an animated display of a sinusoid,which draws ten overlaid staggered cycles,each with randomised amplitude. Thedisplay is then erased and the processrepeated.

Factory DefaultsThis option will restore the default settingsupon saving.It is possible to select the TTL interface,without having a means to access theConfiguration page to restore to RS232.Under these circumstances, the factorydefaults may be recovered using thefollowing sequence:

• Remove power• Close LK1• Re-power• Remove power• Remove LK1• Re-power

Note: LK1 is a solder-link; the pad to the right-hand side of LK1 may be held to GND whilst thesupply is re-instated, thus effecting the reset.

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Auto TableTo facilitate set-up of Modbus relay comms, an Auto-Table function is provided, but only worksacross our product range. The master port determines the Modbus table that its slave is utilisingand automatically switches its internal table to match. The Marble PC application also has thisfeature, which seamlessly adjusts to the slave. This feature can be disabled, for use with third-party products.

Event Log[Off/On]The “On” selection allows an alternate display between the normal Modbus Registers and theinternal Event Log. This mode will provide insight to any configuration or running problems.

Modbus Data[Run/Test]“Test” replaces the normal register data with fixed values based on the register number.

SavingWhen useful changes have been made to the configuration, they may be saved to non-volatilememory, for permanent usage.

Event Log & Diagnostic ScreenThe LCD Module has an integralevent/error log, which records allmajor operations and faultconditions. A six entry display isincorporated on the configurationscreen, but it is also useful toaccess this resource at whilst innormal operation.It is helpful to view the logged errormessages, when debugging aModbus connection. With thisoption asserted, the latest eightevent entries are displayed,interlaced with the incomingModbus data.

Figure 11 - Event Log &Diagnostic Screen

Event LogUp to 50 entries may be recorded,any more will displace those at thebottom of the log.Navigation keys allow the log to beinspected, with quick means fortraversing to the [F]irst, or [L]astentry of the log. For test purposes, the user can[M]ake dummy entries, to see thelog filling. They are marked with a TST subsystem label to differentiate them from real events.

Log ClearingPressing the [C] key effects this. A new log entry records the action.

DiagnosticsUseful voltages and other values are depicted to enable a quick appraisal of the system’sintegrity.

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Modbus Display/Editor ScreenBy selecting the desired table onthe “Configuration Editor”, from thein-built list, the desired table may bemodified and saved to the defaulttable, when it will be labelled as“CUSTOM”. Since each tablecontains 30 entries, the table isdisplayed in two halves, theappropriate section is automaticallydisplayed when entries are selectedin that page.The current values are displayedfor each live channel, providing auseful debugging feature.This screen allows a selection ofthe displayed Registers, Scale andType.

Figure 12 - Modbus Display/Editor Screen

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Analogue Channel Scaling & EditingFigure 13 – Analogue Channel Editing Screen

Channels SelectionThis is achieved by pressing the [P] or[N] keys, which will switch betweenthe two available channels denoted asANA and ANB.

Parameter SelectionThe [U]p and [D]own keys select theparameters for editing; forconvenience, the last entry wrapsaround to the first.

ScalingEach channel has an actual range of 0to 25mA, however, since mostapplications will use the standard 4-20mA range, to denote their userrange, scaling must be performed toderive full-scale and zero-scaleextents. Conceptually, this is complex,however, the diagram in Figure 14shows the correspondence betweenactual values and the user’sengineering units.The procedure has been simplified tothe point whereby only four valuesneed entry. These are denoted inyellow text as “Maximum” and “Minimum” values for the “Required” and “Actual” scales. Enteringthe appropriate values will allow the full and zero scale values to be generated. When the entriesare finalised, the may be committed to non-volatile memory for permanent usage.

Figure 14 - Scaling Diagram

AveragingEach input channel’s value may be selectively filtered with an averaging algorithm. The strengthmay be set from 0, (No filtering), to a maximum of 4. This feature can be employed to smoothnoisy data, or to implement a measure of hysteresis.

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Control Decision MatrixThere are two analogue inputs, two Relay/LED outputs and five zones defined by the four limits,(two each, high and low). Each relay may be assigned to either or both of the inputs and in eachzone, its state may be either ON, OFF, or NO ACTION.Three symbols are defined to denote the type of action:

1. + Relay/LED -ON2. - Relay/LED-OFF3. = Relay/LED-NO ACTION

Figure 15 - Output ActionAll decisions must be defined; arapidly changing input can traversea zone without registering, so it isimperative that zones above, orbelow, reflect the behaviour requiredin the intervening zones.

Filter CountsAll limit zones obey the filtertimeouts set by the global filter countfor each channel. However, actionwithin the normal zone is immediate.Filter count values can beprogrammed from 0 to 99. Using asuitable count value forces aminimum switching time in an ON-OFF control strategy. When thesignal value crosses a zone, thefilter count for previous zone is resetto the default value.

Setting ActionsChoosing one parameter of eitherRelay/LED1 or Relay/LED2, foreach analogue input channelaccesses the actions. The screenwill change to that shown in Figure15. The following keys allowselection and editing:[M]oveThis key allows selection of the five zones and wraps from the last back to the first.[C]ycleThis presents one of the three decision choices.[F]ixWhen the correct decision has been selected, press this key to hold the choice. A reminder isposted that data is unsaved; press [S] to commit changes to non-volatile memory.

Control StrategiesAny conceivable strategy may be implemented; the control shown here uses only input ‘A’.Relay/LED1 closes on a value above the high limit and opens with a value below the low limit.Relay/LED2 is used as a non-latching trip function on the Minimum and Maximum limits.

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Dual Channel ControllerFigure 16 - Controller/Monitor

Engineering Units DisplayEach channel is displayed withcurrent values, with respectiveunits.

Output Device StatusThere are two relay drivers and twoLEDs. These are shown with theirfunctional names, according to thecurrent Control Mode. In Monitormode, both ADC channels useRelay/LED1 for Alarmoutput/indication and Relay/LED2for Trip. Individual assignation issettable under Control Mode. The“Locus” indicates that both relaysare controlled by both analogueinputs.

Channel BargraphThis compact, yet informativedisplay offers an overview of thelimit/run zones, the current datavalue’s relative position and thestatus of the filter count.

Relay ResetBoth relays may be resetindividually, restoring the countdown filter values and marking the procedure in the Event Log. Inthe MONITOR mode, these are denoted as [A]larm and [T]rip, additionally, the action is markedin the Event Log. In the CONTROLLER mode, they are labelled as Relay[1] & Relay[2].

StatusThe final line on the display shows a bit-field representation of the ANS Modbus Register. Thedefinition of each bit is portrayed in Table 2.

Figure 17 - LCD Status Display

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Modbus RTUThis product was originally developed for a niche market in the Oil & Gas exploration industry,specifically for equipment to obtain downhole pressure and temperature data on ElectricallySubmersible Pumps, ESP. However, this unit is eminently suited for other usage in the ProcessControl marketplace.

Modbus VariantsSeveral build options are available, including an isolated RS485 variant. Both RS232 and RS485versions will perform a transparent Modbus “Relay” function, allowing a display on a dedicatedline, whilst still performing the original communication task.

Modbus RelayThe term “Relay” is not to be confused with “Repeater”, whereby the signal is merely amplified toextend a cable run. The relay function has one port configured as a Master, with the other, aSlave. The LCD Master repeatedly polls the attached slave device, retaining the latest values,such that the remote Master may request register values with minimal delay.

Speed ConversionSince the two ports are independent, they may run at differing speeds, allowing a slow Slavedevice to be attached to a much faster Master, or vice versa. This consideration applies to boththe RS232 and the RS485 protocol builds. A display-less version can be offered.

Modbus MapsThe module has pre-defined, public domain maps for various ESP manufacturer’s product; theseare selected via the configuration screen. Alternatively, a custom map can be defined and storedin non-volatile memory. Embedded maps for other applications will be considered, should quantities justify their inclusion.Each Map has a 30-entry capacity; registers do not need to be contiguous, although thisfacilitates block reads and therefore minimises traffic.Since only eight registers may be displayed at any one time, the required register entries may betagged with the desired display line. The resultant map may be saved to non-volatile memory, forautomatic loading on power-up. Only the HI-RES Map has support for the three LCD-derived registers.

Table 1 – HI-RES Modbus Table Entries for LCD RegistersDescription Modbus

RegisterData Type Units and Scaling

Analogue Channel A 30027 Unsigned Integer User Defined (Default mA; x100)Analogue Channel B 30028 Unsigned Integer User Defined (Default mA; x100)Relay/LED Status 30029 Bit Fields x1 - See Table 2 Below

Table 2 - Modbus Status Register Bitfields

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Modbus ImplementationAccording to the publication, "MODBUS over serial line specification and implementation guideV1.02", page 13 of 44, (www.modbus.org), for new Modbus implementations, timeouts for high baudrates should adopt the following strategy:

For baud rates greater than 19200bps, fixed values for the 2 timers should be used: it isrecommended to use a value of 750us for the inter-character time-out (t1.5) and a valueof 1.750ms for inter-frame delay (t3.5).

The LCD Modbus port is compliant with this directive.Whilst several higher baud rates are provided, it is prudent to poll at the slowest ratecommensurate with matching the throughput of the transmission. A five-second-poll period issufficient for most operational requirements.For lower baud rates, allow sufficient time for receipt of the complete response packet, before re-polling.The Modbus implementation is currently limited to read commands 03 and 04 for registers 40001-40700 and 30001-30700. Please contact us if you requirement is outside of this scope.

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Typical Modbus DisplayThe following figure displays the Modbus Register and dummy test data using the register value,but scaled as specified by the table.

Figure 18 - Typical Modbus Display

DiagnosticsThe display of Figure 18 is augmented by an error display, which will report the following fourerrors against the respective register entry. The error message uses the right-hand side of thedisplay, since the value field is empty in such an event.

Modbus Errors# Error Display Possible Cause1 No Response Wrong Baud-rate/No connection2 Bad Address Non-existent register3 Bad Function Wrong/Unrecognised Function Code 4 Bad CRC Corrupted Packet

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Appendix

Signal ConvertersThe following list of third party, validated signal converters ispresented to help integrate our products. These are used in-house ona daily basis. Most USB items are based on either the Prolific PL-2303, or FTDI FT232R devices.

TTL<>RS232B&B ElectronicsTTL Converter – non-isolatedPort powered; TTL Male DB9; RS232 Female DB95V Version - Model: 232LPTTL1-off $49http://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/232LPTTL-3406ds.pdf

3V3 Version - Model: 232LPTTL331-off $49http://www.bb-elec.com/bb-elec/literature/232LPTTL-3406ds.pdf

RS232<>USBProlific Technology IncProlific PL-2303USB powered; Male DB9Caveat: No driver for Vista-64http://www.prolific.com.tw

1-off £13.99 ex VAThttp://www.startech.com/item/ICUSB232-USB-to-RS232-DB9-Serial-Adapter-Cable-Male-to-Male-Serial-Adapter-USB-to-Serial.aspx1-off £12.82 ex VAThttp://www.saverstore.com/product/20003270/Startech-ICUSB232-USB-to-RS-232-DB9-Serial-Adapter

RS485<>USBSoarland & Hexinhttp://www.hexin-technology.com/USB_2.0_To_RS-485_Converter-Product-255.htmlModel: HXSP-2108FProlific PL-2303USB powered; Male DB9Useful Female DB9 to screw terminal adapter Caveat: No driver for Vista-64; Remove 120R terminationNB: Echo is OFF

1-off £15.16http://www.sourcingmap.com/usb-rs485-rs485-serial-adapter-converter-p-43362.html

RS485<>USB Future Technology Devices InternationalModel: USB-RS485-WE-1800-BTFTDI FT232RUSB powered; cable, wire-endsNB: Echo is OFF

1-off £21.50

http://apple.clickandbuild.com/cnb/shop/ftdichip?op=catalogue-products-null&prodCategoryID=91&title=USB-RS485+Cable

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VT100 ImplementationThe industry standard, VT100 ANSI-mode escape sequences form a useful basis for control andplacement of text on the LCD screen. These start with <ESC>[, <ESC>#, <ESC>(, or <ESC>),with the majority of the first type.Most of the published sequences are implemented and others, even when inappropriate to thismodule, are decoded and ignored.The protocol is extended by new, yet consistent commands. These are required for setting theLED backlight intensity and the optional output devices.

Standard VT100 Terminal Control Escape SequencesMany computer terminals and terminal emulators support colour and cursor control through asystem of escape sequences. One such standard is commonly referred to as ANSI Colour.Several terminal specifications are based on the ANSI colour standard, including VT100.

Standards: ANSI X3.641977 and ANSI X3.41-1974,which are replaced by the international standard ISODP6429.

This URL will give a useful grounding:http://ascii-table.com/documents/vt100/chapter3.php

The following is a partial listing of the VT100 controlset, showing implemented, discarded andunimplemented sequences.

<ESC> represents the ASCII "escape" character, 0x1B. Bracketed tags represent modifiabledecimal parameters; e.g. {row} would be replaced by a row number. Semicolons are used todelimit the numeric parameters.

A ‘#’ prefix indicates a sequence that will NOT be implemented, or ignored.A ‘$’ prefix indicates a sequence that will be ignored and maybe implemented at a latter date.

Device StatusThe following codes are used for reporting terminal/display settings, and vary depending on theimplementation:Query Device Code <ESC> [ cRequests a Report Device Code response from the device.Report Device Code <ESC> [ {code} 0 cGenerated by the device in response to Query Device Code request.Query Device Status <ESC> [ 5 nRequests a Report Device Status response from the device.Report Device OK <ESC> [ 0 nGenerated by the device in response to a Query Device Status request; indicates that device isfunctioning correctly.Report Device Failure <ESC> [ 3 nGenerated by the device in response to a Query Device Status request; indicates that device isfunctioning improperly.Query Cursor Position <ESC> [ 6 nRequests a Report Cursor Position response from the device.

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Report Cursor Position - CPR <ESC> [ {row} ; {column} RGenerated by the device in response to a Query Cursor Position request; reports current cursorposition.

Terminal Set-upThe h and l codes are used for setting terminal/display mode, and vary depending on theimplementation. Line Wrap is one of the few set-up codes that tend to be used consistently:Reset Device <ESC> cReset all terminal settings to default.# Enable Line Wrap <ESC> [ 7 hText wraps to next line if longer than the length of the display area.# Disable Line Wrap <ESC> [ 7 lDisables line wrapping.

FontsSome terminals support multiple fonts: normal/bold, Swiss/Italic, etc. There are a variety ofspecial codes for certain terminals; the following are fairly standard:$ Font Set G0 <ESC> ( ASet default 8x8 font.$ Font Set G1 <ESC> ) ASet alternate 6x8 font.

Cursor Control

Cursor Home – CUP, HVP <ESC> [ {row} ; {column} HSets the cursor position where subsequent text will begin. If no row/column parameters areprovided (ie. <ESC>[H), the cursor will move to the home position, at the upper left of the screen.Cursor Up – CUU <ESC> [ {COUNT} AMoves the cursor up by COUNT rows; the default count is 1.Cursor Down - CUD <ESC> [ {COUNT }BMoves the cursor down by COUNT rows; the default count is 1.Cursor Forward – CUF <ESC> [ {COUNT} CMoves the cursor forward by COUNT columns; the default count is 1.Cursor Backward – CUB <ESC> [ {COUNT} DMoves the cursor backward by COUNT columns; the default count is 1.Force Cursor Position <ESC> [ {row} ; {column} fIdentical to Cursor Home.Save Cursor <ESC> [ sSave current cursor position.Unsave Cursor <ESC> [ uRestores cursor position after a Save Cursor.# Save Cursor & Attributes <ESC> 7Save current cursor position.# Restore Cursor & Attributes <ESC> 8Restores cursor position after a Save Cursor.

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Display

Display Inverted <ESC> [ 5 hDisplay InvertedDisplay Normal <ESC> [ 5 lWhere ‘l’ is the lower -case letter L.Display NormalDisplay Off <ESC> [ 75 hDisplay InvertedDisplay On <ESC> [ 75 lWhere ‘l’ is the lower -case letter L.Display OnCursor On <ESC> [ 10 h or <ESC> [ 25 hCursor display in ONCursor Off <ESC> [ 10 l or <ESC> [ 25 lWhere ‘l’ is the lower-case letter L.Cursor display in OFF

Scrolling – Not ImplementedThis activity isn’t deemed useful for the small format display and is unlikely to be implemented# Scroll Screen <ESC> [ rEnable scrolling for entire display.# Scroll Screen <ESC> [ {start} ; {end} rEnable scrolling from row {start} to row {end}.# Scroll Down <ESC> DScroll display down one line.# Scroll Up <ESC> MScroll display up one line.

Tab Control – Not ImplementedTabbing is only really relevant in an editing environment, not in a purely display mode.# Set Tab <ESC> HSets a tab at the current position.# Clear Tab <ESC> [ gClears tab at the current position.# Clear All Tabs <ESC> [ 3 g Clears all tabs.

Erase In Line

Erase End of Line <ESC> [ KErases from the current cursor position to the end of the current line.Erase Start of Line <ESC> [ 1 KErases from the current cursor position to the start of the current line.Erase Line <ESC> [ 2 KErases the entire current line.Erase ‘n’ Characters <ESC> [ 2 X - VT200 Command !!!Erase 'n' characters, including the character under the cursor. This non-standard command isincluded since it was obviously lacking.

Erase In Display

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Erase Down <ESC> [ JErases the screen from the current line down to the bottom of the screen.Erase Up <ESC> [ 1 JErases the screen from the current line up to the top of the screen.Erase Screen <ESC> [ 2 JErases the screen with the background colour and moves the cursor to home.

Printing – Not ImplementedSome terminals support local printing, but we don’t.# Print Screen <ESC> [ iPrint the current screen.# Print Line <ESC> [ 1 iPrint the current line.# Stop Print Log <ESC> [ 4 iDisable log.# Start Print Log <ESC> [ 5 iStart log; all received text is echoed to a printer.

Define Key – Not Implemented

# Set Key Definition <ESC> [ {key} ; "{string}" pAssociates a string of text to a keyboard key. {key} indicates the key by its ASCII value indecimal.

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Set Display Attributes

Set Attribute Mode <ESC> [ {attr1} ; .. .; {attrn} mSets multiple display attribute settings. The following lists standard attributes:Since the LCD is a monochrome display, colours will be mapped to either Black, or White.

Attributes Action Comment 0 Reset all attributes1 Bright Not supported by LCD2 Dim Not supported by LCD3 Not Used4 Underscore Not supported by LCD5 Blink6 Blink Reverse Non standard usage7 Reverse8 Hidden9 Blink Inhibit Non standard usage

Foreground Colours Mapped30 Black Black31 Red Black32 Green White33 Yellow White34 Blue Black35 Magenta Black36 Cyan White37 White White

Background Colours Mapped40 Black Black41 Red Black42 Green White43 Yellow White44 Blue Black45 Magenta Black46 Cyan White47 White White

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Control CharactersThe control characters recognised by the LCD are listed below. All other control characterscause no action to be taken.

Control characters (codes 0x00-0x1F inclusive) are specifically excluded from the controlsequence syntax, but may be embedded within a control sequence. Embedded controlcharacters are executed as soon as they are encountered by the VT100. The processing of thecontrol sequence then continues with the next character received.

ExceptionsIf the <ESC> character occurs, the current control sequence is aborted, and a new onecommences beginning with the <ESC> just received. If the character <CAN> (030) or thecharacter <SUB> (032) occurs, the current control sequence is aborted. The ability to embedcontrol characters allows the synchronisation characters XON and XOFF to be interpretedproperly without affecting the control sequence.

Char Hex Action<NUL> 0x00 Ignored on input; not stored in buffer<ENQ> 0x05 Transmit “Answerback” message<BEL> 0x07 Sound bell<BS> 0x08 Move cursor to the left one position, unless it is at the left margin, in which case

no action is taken.<HT> 0x09 Move cursor to the next tab stop, or to the right margin if no further tabs are set.<LF> 0x0A Causes either a line feed or new line operation (See new line mode.)<VT> 0x0B Same as <LF>.<FF> 0x0C Same as <LF>.<CR> 0x0D Move the cursor to the left margin of the current line.<SO> 0x0E Invoke the G1 character set, as designated by the <ESC> ) control sequence.<SI> 0x0F Invoke the G0 character set, as selected by the <ESC> ( control sequence.<DC1> 0x11 Causes terminal to resume transmission (XON).<DC3> 0x13 Causes terminal to stop transmitting all codes except XOFF and XON (XOFF).<CAN> 0x18 If sent during a control sequence, the sequence is immediately terminated and

not executed.<SUB> 0x1A Same as <CAN>.<ESC> 0x1B Introduces a control sequence.<DEL> 0x7F Ignored on input; not stored in buffer.

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Extended VT100 Terminal Control Escape SequencesTwo sets are incorporated, one for control functions and the other for drawing graphic entities

Control Sequences

Control Relay/Buzzer/External LEDSet Relay-1 SR1 <ESC> [ 80 hReset Relay-1 RR1 <ESC> [ 80 lSet Relay-2 SR2 <ESC> [ 81 hReset Relay-2 RR1 <ESC> [ 81 lControl On-board LEDsSet LED-1 SL1 <ESC> [ 82 hReset LED-1 RL1 <ESC> [ 82 lSet LED-2 SL2 <ESC> [ 83 hReset LED-2 RL1 <ESC> [ 83 lLED Back-light Intensity <ESC> [ {Pn} iWhere ‘i’ is either the lower or upper case letter i. Pn, Levels 0..3:‘0’ OFF‘1’ LOW‘2’ MEDIUM‘3’ HIGH‘4’ FLASH Repeatedly flashes Backlight ON<>OFF, 300ms period ‘5’ PULSE Repeatedly pulses Backlight from ‘1’>’2’>’3’>’2’>’1’ intensity levels‘9’ RESET Resets ‘4’ & ‘5’ – Need to set intensity to prior valueLCD Contrast <ESC> [ {Pn} WContrast control is effected by a circuit that sweeps the LCD’s voltage over a range of 0 to –10V.The wide range allows the use of LCD displays from different manufacturers. To cater for thisrange the value of Pn is a percentage and can take any value between 0 & 99.

Graphics SequencesA set of vector graphic drawing primitives is defined and is consistent with the standard textformat. An attribute sequence is first sent to set the required operation, then one or moresubsequent sequences provide the positioning information for the drawing act.To enhance plotting operations, a set of graph layouts is pre-defined and may be evoked by amacrograph command. This avoids sending the individual drawing primitives and savesbandwidth.

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Graphics Attributes

Graphics Attribute GA < ESC> [ {Pn…} aThese are complementary draw/erase operations, where Pn:Point‘0’ Draw Point {x1;y1}‘1’ Erase Point {x1;y1}Line‘2’ Draw Line {x1;y1;x2;y2} or continue Line from previous end point {x2;y2}‘3’ Erase Line {x1;y1;x2;y2} or continue Line from previous end point {x2;y2}Box‘4’ Draw Rectangle {x1;y1;x2;y2}‘5’ Erase Rectangle {x1;y1;x2;y2}Fill Box‘6’ Fill Rectangle {x1;y1;x2;y2}‘7’ Erase Rectangle {x1;y1;x2;y2}Circle, (Ellipse)‘8’ Draw Circle (ellipse) centre & radius {x1;y1;r}‘9’ Erase Circle (ellipse) centre & radius {x1;y1;r}Due to the LCD’s non-square pixels, commands ‘8’&’9’ are of limited use.NB: ‘{‘ & ‘}’ are NOT transmitted. The semicolon is sent, to delimit the numeric parameters.

Graphics Drawing Functions GD

Draw Point <ESC> [ x1 ; y1 G

Draw Line <ESC> [ x1 ; y1 ; x2 ; y2 G

Draw Continued Line <ESC> [ x2 ; y2 G

Draw Box <ESC> [ x1 ; y1 ; x2 ; y2 G

Draw Filled Box <ESC> [ x1 ; y1 ; x2 ; y2 G

Draw Circle <ESC> [ x1 ; y1 ; r G

Erasing Graphics

Erase Graphics Screen to White <ESC> [ 3 JErases the graphics screen to White.Erase Graphics Screen to Black <ESC> [ 4 JErases the graphics screen to Black.Erase Graphics Screen to TA <ESC> [ 5 JErase the graphics screen to the current Text Attribute

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MacroGraphsThese are pre-defined graphic frames, containing axes, lines and ticks. Since these are heldlocally to the LCD Module, their speed of execution is significantly faster than a discrete suite ofcommands sent via the serial link.Draw MacroGraph Screen <ESC> [ {Pn} YWhere Pn:

‘0’ - Single axes, with ticks (Left & Bottom) ‘1’ - Double axes, with ticks‘2’ - Central dotted line‘3’ – Full border with anti-ticks – This gives best screen usage and readability‘4’ - Just ticks – However, the single ticks can be confused with data-points

Figure 19 – MacroGraphs 1&2 with plotted sinusoid

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An Example ApplicationFigure 20 shows a display from a real application, where both text and graphics content arecombined. Two algorithms scan the plot data buffer, relocating the text block to avoid maskingthe plotted data. Trending finds the least populated corners and Averaging determines if theupper or lower half of the screen is the least populated. An auto-scaling algorithm ensures thatthe plot uses the full available vertical resolution.

Figure 20 - Graphics Plot with Text Annotation

An alternative means of displaying textual data is to flash the text box on and off at a slow rate.This allows otherwise obscured data to be observed, whilst still conveying the scaling etc..

Figure 21 - MacroGraph #3 with data in the noise level

Figure 21 shows a particularly stable signal, with +/-1 least significant bit change. (v) denotes thevertical span, so an LSB is equivalent to ~5mbar; (h) is the horizontal span, with a sample every10s.