LatrineProduction

andInstallationTraining

SanitationMarketingToolkit

Facilitator’sGuide

CONTENTSFACILITATIONGUIDELINES

LearningGoalsandObjectives ..................................................................................................... 1

TrainingPhilosophy ...................................................................................................................... 1KeyPointsWorthRepeating......................................................................................................... 3Timing ........................................................................................................................................... 3

CreatingaSenseofTrustandEase............................................................................................... 4AssigninganActivity ..................................................................................................................... 4CheckingforComprehension ....................................................................................................... 4

DebriefingActivities ..................................................................................................................... 5RespondingtoParticipantQuestions ........................................................................................... 5IntroducingtheTraining ............................................................................................................... 6

ClosingtheTraining ...................................................................................................................... 9

PREPARINGFORTRAINING

TheTrainingLocation ................................................................................................................. 12

NecessaryMaterials ................................................................................................................... 13OptionalbutRecommendedMaterials ...................................................................................... 13TrainingPreparation................................................................................................................... 14

TrainingBudget .......................................................................................................................... 14TrainingAgenda.......................................................................................................................... 15

TRAININGMODULES

MouldsandToolsNeededforProduction ................................................................................. 18ProceduresforConcreteRingProduction .................................................................................. 19ProceduresforConcreteSlabProduction .................................................................................. 21

FinalizingRingProduction .......................................................................................................... 23RemoveSlabMouldandPlaceTiles ........................................................................................... 24LatrineDelivery .......................................................................................................................... 25

LatrineInstallation...................................................................................................................... 26

ANNEXES

A.Pre-Test&Post-Test.................................................................................................................. i

B.ReturnonInvestmentCalculator .............................................................................................iiiC.MonthlyReports........................................................................................................................vD.QualityAssuranceAudits .........................................................................................................vi

E.BudgetTemplate ......................................................................................................................ixF.LatrineProductionChecklist .....................................................................................................xi

FacilitationGuidelines

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LEARNINGGOALSLEARNINGGOALS

Participantswilllearnhowtoproduceahighquality,desirablepour-flushlatrinethatdeliversmaximumhealthbenefits,durability,andattractivenessatanaffordableprice.

LEARNINGOBJECTIVES

BytrainingsanitationentrepreneursinthemodulesincludedinthisGuide,participantswill:

1. Beabletoproducelatrineproductsandservicesatpricesthatrespondstothedemandsofthemarket

2. Deliverthelatrineproductsinawaythatpreventsdamage3. Installlatrineproductsinawaythatpreventsdamageandgroundwatercontamination

TRAININGPHILOSOPHYThelearningactivitiesinthistrainingaredesignedtobehands-on,withtheaimofallowing“learningbydoing”byparticipantstosetthemupforsuccessfullearning.Asnewbusinessesareoftenrecruitedoneat a time in SanMark implementation, this training has been designed to be implemented withparticipantsfromasinglebusiness.Thetraininghasalsobeendesignedtotakeplace“on-site”attheirplaceofbusinesstomaximizetrainingtimeeffectivelyandefficiently,andtoensurethatthetrainingisrelevantforthebusinessowner.Thetrainingwilltakeplaceinshortsessionsoverthreedaystorespectparticipants’ timewith the understanding that they are trying to run a business.Business owners, aswell as any laborers that will participate in the production, delivery, and installation of pour-flushlatrinesshouldtakepartinthistraining.

Training facilitators should guide participants through the activities, acting as coaches while theparticipantsdoallofthehands-onwork.Inordertoincreasetheprobabilitythattheparticipantswillbemotivatedtolearntheinformation,newinformationisgiveninsmalldosesandbuy-inisaccomplishedbybuildinguponwhattheyalreadyknowfromtheirpersonalexperiences.

Sincethereisagoodpossibilitythattheparticipantsalreadyhavesomeoftheinformation,thefocusofthelearningactivitiesistodrawtheinformationfromthem,withadditionalenhancementsmadebythe

facilitatorasneeded.Thismayincludepromptingthemwithquestionsthatwillhelpthemdiscoverthecorrectorcompleteanswer.Or, itmayinvolvehavingthemreviewreferencepages intheManual fortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrinestotrytodiscovertheanswersthemselves.

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ADULTLEARNINGTHEORY

Whenfacilitatingthistraining, it is importanttoremembertheaudience.Traineeswillbeadults, likelywithyearsofprofessionalexperienceinbusinessmanagementandownership.Theywillhavealifetime

ofpersonalexperiencesbehindthemthatwillinformhowtheyevaluate,retain,andusetheinformationprovidedtothemintraining.

Adult learning theory is based on this understanding—that adults learn differently than children andadolescents.Itisbasedonseveralprinciplesthatcanbeappliedtothewaythistrainingisconducted:

1. Adultsareindependentlearners.Application:Encourageactiveparticipationand incorporate this into the trainingdesign.Buildontheparticipants’ownexperiencesbyfrequentlyaskingforinputandsharing.

2. Adultsareself-directed.Application:Useexploratoryexercisesthatallowparticipantstodiscovertheirownanswers.Ask

questionsfrequentlytoencourageactivethinking,problemsolvinganddecisionmaking.

3. Adultslearnfornow.Application:Teachonlyrelevantskillsthatapplydirectlytotheparticipantsandthatparticipantscan begin using immediately. Make objectives clear at the beginning to communicate the

relevanceofthetraining.

4. Adultslearnfromtrainersandfromothers.Application:Use participatory activities and draw on participants’ experiences, to encouragelearningfromeachotherandsharingideas.

5. Adultsfearfailure.Application: Create a safe environment where participants feel free to express themselveswithoutriskingcriticism.

6. Adultsquestiontheneedtolearn.Application: Teachonly relevant skills and allowparticipants to apply their new skills throughrole-playingandpracticalexperience.

7. Adultslearnbylisteningtoothersandalsosharingtheirownknowledge.Application:Useparticipatoryactivitiesandbuildonparticipants’experiences.Forexample,ask

participantstoprovideexampleswhenexplanationisneeded,insteadofprovidinghypotheticalexamples.

8. Adultshavevariedexperiences.Application:Linknewknowledgetooldknowledgeandbuildonlearners’experiences.

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KEYPOINTSWORTHREPEATING1. Training is for thebenefit of theparticipant. It is intended tobuild the skills needed tomeet

theirmaximumpotentialasalatrinebusiness.Givingfullparticipationandeffortcanhelpthemearnmoremoneyandexpandtheirbusiness.

2. TheManual for the Production and Installation of Pour-Flush Latrines contains all of theinformationandtoolsusedduringthetraining.Participantsareexpectedtousethemregularlyinthestrategicplanninganddailyoperationsoftheirbusiness.

3. Wordofmouth is themost important formof advertisement.Happy customerswill tell theirfriendsandyouwillgetmorebusiness.Unhappycustomerswill telleveryoneandyouwillgetnobusiness!

4. Nomatterhowwellyouproduceyourlatrineproduct,ifyoudon’tmanagethebusinesssideofthings well, you will not succeed. You need a good product, good customer service, goodrecordkeeping, affordable prices, an active sales and marketing team, and good businessmanagement skills to reach your highest potential. Refer to the Business Skills for LatrineEntrepreneurs, Participant’s Manual and the Latrine Entrepreneur Operations Manual formoreguidanceandinformationonthis.

TIMINGAlthoughtimesgiveninthefollowingtrainingmodulesandagenda,youshouldnotallowtimespentononesessiontorunoverintothetimeallottedforthenextsession.Butfacilitatorswilldeveloptheirownflow, and timesmay vary slightly, especially when it comes to drying time for concrete in the rainyseasonversusthedryseason.However,makesurethatallactivitiesarecompletedbytheparticipants.

1. Timingthroughoutthedayisverycritical.Wearawatchsothatyoucankeeptrackofyourtime.

2. Eachsectionofthetraininghasaspecificduration,soitwillbeveryimportanttoopenandcloseeachactivityinaccordancewiththeagenda.

3. Lunchbreaksshouldbeonehourlongandincludedintheagenda.Thelocationshouldbecloseby,andtheserviceshouldbeefficientsothatallparticipantscanbebacktothetrainingfacilitywithinonehour.

4. Ten- or fifteen-minute breaks should be given every hour, in order to keep the participantsawakeandenergized.Itmaybehotoutsidewhencompletingtheconstructionactivities,sobesuretooffercoldwaterandrefreshingdrinksduringthebreaks.

5. Make sure to tell the participants exactly when to return from their breaks.

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CREATINGASENSEOFTRUSTANDEASE1. Recognize theexpertiseof trainees. Learn fromthembyasking themto showyouaround their

businessfacilityandexplaintheirproductportfolio,equipment,labor,pricing,etc.Whatevertheywant to share. Listen and ask insightful questions to learnmore about them. Thiswill create amorecollaborativelearningenvironmentfortheparticipantsandfacilitators.

2. Askpeopleatthebreakshowthetrainingisgoing.Thiscontactencouragesindividualswhoweresilent before to have the confidence to participate openly in class discussions. This may bebecause theone-on-onecontactgives the individuals the sense that you really careabout their

satisfactionandsuccessintheprogram.

ASSIGNINGANACTIVITY1. Remembertomodelanactivity,whenpossible,beforehavingtheparticipantdoit, inorderto

setthemupforsuccess.

2. Whenassigningeitheranactivity,indicatehowlongtheyhavetocompletetheassignment.

CHECKINGFORCOMPREHENSION1. With an activity-based training like this one, it is important that you ensure participants

understandwhytheyarepracticingacertainskillormethod.Youcandothisbyaskingskilledquestionsduringthebreaksorduringanactivity(“Sowhatmakesthismixingratiobetterthanothers?Whydoyouthinkit’simportanttodigthepitatleast15metersawayfromthenearest

watersource?”).

2. Alwaysusepre-testsandpost-tests(AnnexA)toevaluatetheeffectivenessoftrainingbasedonthe learninggoals.The information shouldbeused todecidewhatkindofongoing support isneededpost-training,andtoimprovethetrainingfornexttime.

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DEBRIEFINGACTIVITIESItisimportanttogiveparticipantsanopportunitytoaskfinalquestionsandtosolidifywhattheylearnedfromactivities.Aftereachactivity,besuretofacilitateastructureddiscussionaroundtheactivityandwhattheparticipantslearned,andwhatquestionsmightremain.

RESPONDING TO PARTICIPANTQUESTIONSGiventhechoicebetweenparticipantswhoneveraskanyquestionsandparticipantswhoaska lotofquestions,thelatterisbetter.Thefactthattheyhavequestionsindicatesthattheyarehighlyinterested

inthetopic—andthat’sagoodthing!

1. Whenparticipantsaskaquestion,givethemtheopportunitytoanswerthequestionthemselves.Theyaremuchmorelikelytoremembertheanswerwhentheyworkitoutthemselves.Givethempromptstohelpthemfindtheansweriftheyarestruggling.

2. Remember to summarize and/or validate the correct answer after receiving the answer from

anotherparticipant.Ifyoudon'tprovideasummaryorvalidation,itmaygivetheappearancethatyouaredeferringthequestionbecauseyoudon'tknowtheanswer--ratherthanbecauseit isanexcellenttrainingtechnique.

3. Theremaybetimeswhenyouhaveasensethatthequestioneralreadyhasananswerforhisor

herownquestion. Inthatcase,askwhatthequestionerthinks.Thiscanprovidegoodvalidationfortheparticipant.

HowtoUsePre-TestsandPost-Tests

Distributepre-testtoparticipants.

Explainthepurposeofthepre-testandtheamountoftimetheyhavetocompletethetest.Ensurethattheparticipantsworkindependentlyonthistest.

Collectthetestoncetheyarecompletedandkeeptheminasafeplacetocomparewithpost-testsat

theendofthetraining.

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4. Donotfeelthatyoumustansweraquestiontothecompletesatisfactionofthequestioner.Somequestionersmayneverbesatisfied--infact,theymayintendtodistractorarguewithyou,whichcanunnecessarilytieupalotofprecioustime.

5. It is also perfectly acceptable to tell participants if you do not know the answer. This may be

especiallytrueforcomplexenvironmentalhealthandsafetyquestions,orquestionsrelatedtotheengineeringoftheproduct.Justmakesuretonotethequestiondownandpromisetoprovideanansweronceyouhavehadanopportunitytoresearchtheissue.

INTRODUCINGTHETRAININGIt’simportanttostarteverytrainingwithanintroductionthataccomplishesfourthings:

1. Explainstoparticipantswhythey’rethere.Thismayseemobvious,butsayingthisaloudmakessure that participants understand what they will get from the training (so they are moreinvestedandengaged),andsetstheexpectations(soeveryoneisonthesamepage).

2. Explainstherulesofthetraining,includingexpectationsaroundattendanceandparticipation.3. Explainshowthetrainingwillbeorganized.Thiswillhelpeveryonemanagetheirtimetogether.4. Introduce the tools trainees will be using during the training, including theManual for the

Productionand InstallationofPour-Flush Latrines.Thiswillhelpparticipantsbecomefamiliar

withthesetoolsandsavetimeintherestofthetraining.

Theintroductioncouldtakeupto30minutes,dependingonthelengthofthetrainingandthenumberoftopicscovered.

Materialsfortheintroductioninclude:

- Flipchartpaper- Markers- Tape- ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines

WHYYOU’REHERE

Leadabriefdiscussionaskingparticipantswhytheyarehere,andwhattheyexpectfromthetraining.Emphasizethatthetrainingisfortheparticipants’benefitonly.Itistogivethemtheskillstheyneedtoreachtheirmaximumpotentialasalatrinebusiness,sothattheycanearnthefollowingbenefits:

- Earnmoremoney- Developnewskills

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- Expandtheirbusiness(geographicallyandproductsoffered)- Meetminimumstandards- Helptheircommunities

RULESOFTHEROAD

Facilitate the group to come up with a list of rules for the training, ensuring that the following areincluded,inadditiontoothersaddedbytheparticipants:

- Behere100%

- Participateactively

- Beontime

- Keepyourcellphonesonsilent

- Practicesafetyandresponsibility(re:productionandinstallationpractice)

Attendance policy: Participantswho know that theywill not be able to attend the entire duration oftrainingshouldnotparticipateatall.

OBJECTIVEANDAGENDA

Postaflipchartpapersomewherevisiblewiththeobjectiveofthetrainingwrittenonit.Readitaloudanddiscusswhatthismeanswiththeparticipants.

Pointouttheagenda(samplebelow).Readthroughitandexplainhowyouwillkeeptime,andaskthe

participantstoalsohelpyoukeepontrack.

DayOne

Topic Time1 Pre-test 8:30-8:45am2 Introduction 8:45-9:15am3 MouldsandToolsNeededforLatrineProduction 9:15am-9:25am CoffeeBreak 9:25-9:35am4 ProceduresforConcreteRingProduction 9:35-10:45am CoffeeBreak 10:45-10:55pm5 ProceduresforConcreteSlabProduction 10:55-12:15pm

LunchBreak&Day1Closing 12:15pm

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DayTwo

Topic Time

1 FinalizingRingProduction 8:30-9:00am

2 RemoveSlabandMouldandPlaceTiles 9:00-10:10am

CoffeeBreak&DayTwoClosing 10:10-10:20am

DayThree

Topic Time

1 LatrineDelivery 8:30-9:40am

2 LatrineInstallation 9:40-10:50am

3 ClosingofTraining 10:50am

MANUALFORTHEPRODUCTIONANDINSTALLATIONOFPOUR-FLUSHLATRINES

IntroducetraineestotheManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines.

Explain that the manual contains all of the information you will learn during the training. Giveparticipantsafewminutestoexplorethemanualandgetfamiliarwithitscontents.

The trainees will keep this after the training so that they can use it as a reference in their dailyoperations.

ReviewingMaterial

Givingareviewofmaterialpreviouslylearnedmayalsobeappropriateinanintroduction,especiallyif

thematerialwillbebuiltonduringthetraining.Forexample,theintroductionontheseconddayofatrainingmayincludeactivitiesordiscussionsofwhatwaslearnedondayone.Trainersshouldreferencepreviously learnedmaterial—even if it was learned in a training given severalmonths ago—to help

reinforcethematerialinthemindsoftheparticipants.

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CLOSINGTHETRAININGGivingaproperclosingattheendofeachdayorsessionoftrainingisequallyasimportantasaproperintroduction. It gives trainees closure, helps to reinforce key points, and lets trainees know what is

expectedofthemafterthetraining.

Agoodclosingincludesthefollowingcomponents:

1. Anopportunity for trainees togivevaluable feedbackon the training,and for trainers togivefeedbackonhowthetraineesperformedduringthetraining.

2. Motivationtousetheskillslearned,andtocontinuegrowingtheirbusinesses.ShowthemhowtheseskillswillbenefittheirbusinessesusingtheROICalculator(AnnexB). Thiscomponentismostappropriateonthefinaldayoftraining.

3. Areviewofkeypointstoensurethattheyarefreshinthetrainees’mindswhentheyleave.4. A review of any difficult material one more time, and an opportunity for trainees to ask

questionsaboutanythingthattheydidn’tunderstandorwanttoclarify.5. Discussionof next steps. Thiswill includemonitoring and followupby the traineror another

agency,andtheagendaforthenextdayoftrainingiftrainingwillcontinue.

FEEDBACK

Give feedbackon theoverallperformanceof theparticipant in the training.Coverallmainaspectsoftraining.Keepall feedbackpositive. If participantsdidnotperformwell inoneaspectof the training,remindthemofthekeypoints,andencourageparticipantstokeeppracticingtheskill.

Giveparticipantsanopportunitytogivehonestfeedbackonthetraining.Notedownanysuggestionsforimprovementonaflipcharttomakethemfeelheard.

MOTIVATION

LookattheROIcalculatorwithenterprises,usingparticipants’salesgoals.

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NEXTSTEPS

Explainthatinadditiontofieldvisitsandphonecalls,thereareacoupleofwaysthatyouwillbetrackinghowwellenterpriseownersaremeetingthestandardsthey’vebeentrainedin:

- Monthlyreports(AnnexC)

- QualityAssuranceAudits(AnnexD)

- Customerfeedback(reportedthroughsalesagentsandvillagechiefs)

ShowtheenterpriseownersthemonthlyreportsandQAAuditssothattheyunderstandhowtheywillbeassessed.

Emphasize that these tools are meant to support the enterprises in addressing any problems orweaknessessothattheymayreachtheirmaximumpotentialasalatrinebusiness.

Next steps will be for the enterprise to immediately begin using the production procedures theylearned,andtostartbuildinguptheirstock.Remindthemthattheycanfindalloftheinformationtheyneed in theManual for the Production and Installation of Pour-Flush Latrines. Walk the traineesthroughthemanualandshowthemwheretheycanfindeverything.

Training facilitators should communicate when they will call andwhen they will be back to visit theenterprise.

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PreparingforTraining

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THETRAININGLOCATIONProductionandinstallationtrainingshouldtakeplaceatthetrainee’splaceofbusiness.Thereshouldbeashadedspaceavailabletoprotecttrainees fromthesunandrain.Thisspacecanbeusedforbreaksand discussion sessions. Chairs and wall space (or a tripod where flipchart paper can be mounted)shouldbesetuptomakeitafunctionalclassroomspace.Iflargeenough,thespacecanalsobeusedforsometechnicalactivities,suchasconcretemixingorpreparingmouldsandwirestructures.Thereshouldalsobeadesignatedareafordryingconcreteringsandslabs,andforstoringstockwhenitisready.

ShadedProductionarea

Tableandchairs

Flipchart

Shadedspace

StockingArea

DryingArea UnshadedProductionArea

Driveway

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NECESSARYMATERIALS1. Pre-test/Post-test2. Flipchartpaper3. Flipchartspreparedbeforethetraining:

o Trainingobjectiveo Agenda

4. Tapetohangflipcharts5. ROICalculator6. Monthlyreport7. QAAuditandreport8. ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines(printedbacktobackand

stapledontheupperleftside)

9. AllequipmentandmaterialslistedintheLatrineProductionChecklist(AnnexF)

OPTIONALBUTRECOMMENDEDMATERIALSANDEQUIPMENT

1. Candyinbowls2. Abellorothernoisemakertosignaltimewarningsforactivitiesorcoffeebreaks

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TRAININGPREPARATION

Time Activity

2WeeksBefore Callparticipantstoconfirmthedateandtimeforthetraining

Confirmthattheparticipanthasallnecessaryequipmentfortheproduction,deliveryandinstallationoflatrines(sharetheEquipmentandRawMaterialsChecklistsotheyknowexactlywhattheyneed).

Prepareandsubmitbudgetadvancerequest

2-3DaysBefore Prepareallmaterials

Practice

Callparticipantstoremindthemofthetraining

TRAININGBUDGETCoststobeconsideredforenterprisetrainingare:

! Numberoffacilitatorsandsupportstaff! Durationoftraining! Distancetraineesandsupportstaffneedtotravel

Because the training takes place at theparticipant’s placeof business andmost of thematerials andequipmentusedaresuppliedbytheparticipant,thistrainingshouldbeverylowcost.Facilitatorsshould

not provide compensation,materials or equipment for the training. During the training, the businessownerwillbeproducingactualproductswhichtheycansellandprofitfrom.Remember,thetrainingis

fortheirbenefit!Abudgettemplate(AnnexE)canbefoundintheannexofthisdocument.

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TRAININGAGENDABelow is a sample three-day training agenda. It is designed in this way so that business owners can

attendtotheirregularbusinessdutiesduringthedayinsteadofdedicatingfulldaystothetraining.Thetimingisalsodesignedtogiveconcreteproductstimetoproperlydrybeforetransportingorremovingmoulds.

This agenda is suggested for new businesses recruited into the network as a first-time training.

However,itislikelythatrefreshertrainingswillberequiredifresultsofqualityauditsorfeedbackfromcustomerssuggeststhattheproductionqualityhasslippedbelowminimumstandards.Thenextsection(Training Modules) provides step-by-step instructions for facilitating the training. The training is

designedinmodularformsothatfacilitatorscanchoosespecificpartstofocusonforrefreshertrainingsdependingontheneedsoftheparticipants.

DayOneSession Topic Activities Time TotalTime1 Pre-test Participantscompletepre-test 15minutes 15minutes

Discussionaboutpurposeofthetraining

5minutes

Participantsandfacilitatorsmakerulesfortrainingtogether

10minutes

DevelopaSMARTobjectiveforthetrainingandexplaintheagendaforthetraining

10minutes

2 Introductions

IntroduceManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines

5minutes

30minutes

3 MouldsandToolsNeededforLatrineProduction

UsetheMaterialsChecklisttopreparematerialsandequipment

10minutes 10minutes

CoffeeBreakGathermaterials 5minutesPreparation 15minutesConstructsteelwirestructure 10minutesMixconcrete 10minutes

4 ProceduresforConcreteRingProduction

Pourconcrete 20minutes

70minutes

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Discussion 10minutes CoffeeBreak

Gathermaterials 5minutes

Preparation 40minutesConstructsteelwirestructure 10minutesDoublecheckthemould 5minutesPourconcrete 10minutes

5 ProceduresforConcreteSlabProduction

Discussion 10minutes

80minutes

LunchBreak&Day1Closing

DayTwoSession Topic Activities Time TotalTime

Removemould 20minutes1 FinalizingRingProduction Discussion 10minutes

30minutes

Removemouldandplacetiles 60minutes2 RemoveSlabandMouldandPlaceTiles

Discussion 10minutes70minutes

CoffeeBreakandDay2Closing

DayTwoSession Topic Activities Time TotalTime

Practice 60minutes1 LatrineDeliveryDiscussion 10minutes

70minutes

Practice 60minutes2 LatrineInstallationDiscussion 10minutes

70minutes

ClosingofTraining

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TrainingModules

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MOULDSANDTOOLSNEEDEDFOR

LATRINEPRODUCTION

MATERIALSCHECKLIST

ReviewtheEquipmentandRawMaterialsChecklisttogether(AnnexF).

Asktheparticipanttousethelisttomakesurethatallnecessarytoolsandequipmentarepresentandeasilyaccessible,andthattherearesufficientrawmaterialstopracticelatrineproduction.

Purpose:Toprepareallmaterialsandequipmentneededtopracticelatrineproduction.

Time:10minutes

Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines;Equipmentandrawmaterialschecklist

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PROCEDURESFORCONCRETERING

PRODUCTION

GATHERMATERIALS

UsetheManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrinestogatherallnecessarymaterialsinthecorrectquantitiestoproduce3-4rings.

Thenumberofringsproducedisimportanttoensurethatacompletelatrinecanbeinstalledattheend

oftraining.

PREPARATION

Cleanandassembletheconcreteringmould.

Putlubricantinthemouldafterithasbeencleanedandassembled.

Placethemouldonlevelground.

Purpose:Toteachbusinessownersandemployeeshowtoproperlycreateadurable,highqualityconcretering.

Time:70minutes

Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines,rawmaterials,ringmould,lubricant,steelwire,trowel,concretevibratororsteelpole

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CONSTRUCTTHESTEELWIRESTRUCTURE

Steelwireisusedtoreinforceconcretepartsofthelatrine.SuperviseandguidetraineesastheyconstructthestructureaccordingtotheManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-Flush

Latrines.

MIXCONCRETE

Superviseandguidetraineesastheymixconcrete.Instructthemtouseoneoftherecommendedratioslistedinthemanual.

Usecleangravelandsand.

Usegoodqualitycement.

Usecleanwaterinthepropervolume.

POURCONCRETE

Watchforthefollowingastheconcreteispouredintotheringmould:

- Donotimpactthemouldwhilepouring- Pourintothemiddleofthemouldanduseatroweltospread- Donotpourconcretealongthesidesofthemould.- Donotpourfromagreatheight.- Waterthatwasnotmixedproperlyintotheconcretemayrisetothetop.- Useaconcretevibratororsteelpoletoevenlydispersetheconcreteinthemouldasitis

poured.- Letsitforatleast2-3hoursbeforedismantlingthemould(longerduringtherainyseason)- Recommendedtocuretheconcretebykeepingitwetfor2-3daystoensureitdoesnotbreak

duringtransportationorinstallation.

DISCUSSION

Giveparticipantstheopportunitytoaskanyquestionstheyhaveabouttheprocedures.

Lead a discussion on how these procedures differ or are similar to themethods they usually use to

produce concreteproducts.Discuss anydifferences andwhy thesemethodsmaybebetter, andhowthey can apply them to their other products to make them stronger and to use materials moreefficiently.

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PROCEDURESFORCONCRETESLABPRODUCTION

GATHERMATERIALS

AskparticipantstogatherallmaterialsneededforconcreteproductionaccordingtotheManual.

PREPARATION

Superviseandguideastraineescutandassembletheslabmould.Ensurethatitismadetothecorrectsizeandthatlubricantisappliedbeforeconcreteispoured.

CONSTRUCTSTEELWIRESTRUCTURE

Superviseandguideastraineesconstructthesteelwirestructureneededtoreinforcetheconcreteslab.

Ensure that space is designed into the structure to allow for the placement of the ceramic pan andemptyinghole(seeManual).

DOUBLECHECKTHEMOULD

Checkthatthespacereservedfortheconcretepanisthecorrectsizeandisplaceinthemiddleoftheslab.

Checkthattheholehasbeenpreparedforemptyingintheappropriateplace.

Makesurethemouldisplacedonflat,levelgroundsothattheconcretedriesevenly.

Purpose:Toteachbusinessownersandlaborershowtoproperlyproducehighquality,durableconcreteslabs.

Time:80minutes

Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines,rawmaterials,slabmould,lubricant,steelwire,concrete,trowel,concretevibratororsteelpole.

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POURCONCRETE

Superviseandguideasparticipantspourtheconcrete.

Ensurethatitispouredhalfway(2cm)first,thenthesteelwirestructureshouldbeplaced,andtherestoftheconcretecanbepoured.

Instructtraineesonhowtouseaconcretevibratororsteelbartoevenlydispersetheconcreteinthe

mouldasitispoured.

Atrowelshouldbeusedtoevenlyspreadtheconcrete.

Lettheslabsitforatleast2-3hoursbeforedismantlingthemould.

DISCUSSION

Giveparticipantstheopportunitytoaskanyquestionstheymighthaveabouttheproductorprocedures.

Discusshowtheproceduresusedduringthisactivitydifferoraresimilartotheprocedurestheyusetoproducetheirotherconcreteproducts.Discussthebenefitsoftheprocedurespracticedtodayandhow

theymightbeappliedtotheirotherproducts.

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FINALIZINGRINGPRODUCTION

REMOVETHEMOULD

Supervisetraineesasthemouldisremovedfromtheconcretering.

Makesuretocheckthehardnessoftheconcretebeforedismantlingthemould.

Slowly remove the innermould first and keep the concretewet to avoid cracking. Remove theoutermouldnext.

Leavetheringinthesunforatleastonedaybeforemovingtothestockingareaortransporting.

DISCUSSION

Facilitateadiscussiononwhyitmightbebeneficialtocuretheconcreteandtoletitdryforseveraldays.

Whyisitimportanttoproducestrongrings?

Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappeniftheringsweren’tstrongenough?(Duringinstallationanddelivery,forexample…howwoulditmakeyourcustomerfeel,andwhatwouldtheytelltheirfriendsandneighbors?)

Purpose:Topracticecarefullydismantlingtheringmouldsaftertheconcretehasdriedandhowtoensureringsdonotbreakduringtheproductionprocess.

Time:30minutes

Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines

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REMOVESLABMOULDANDPLACETILES

REMOVEMOULDANDPLACETILES

Nowthattheslabhashadtimetodrythoroughlyovernight,themouldcanberemoved.Superviseastraineescut,placeandcementtilesaccordingtotheinstructionsintheManual.Makesuretilesareneatandattractive.

DISCUSSION

Facilitateadiscussionontheproceduresfollowedinthisactivity.

Whymightitbeimportanttoplacetilesverycarefullyandneatly?Howwouldyourcustomersfeelifyoudidnotapplytilesneatlyandcleanly?Whatwouldthismeanforyourfuturesales?

Purpose:Topracticecarefullyremovingthemouldfromtheslabandcuttingandplacingtilescorrectlyandcleanly.

Time:70minutes

Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines,

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LATRINEDELIVERY

PRACTICE

Observe trainees carefully loading the truck with the latrine parts produced during training (orpreviouslyproducedlatrinepartsinstock).

Deliver the latrine to designated location. This location could be a customer’s household (arrangedbefore the training takesplace); or it couldbedelivered and installed for free at a school, templeorhealthcenteraspartofamarketingactivity for theenterprise;or itcouldbe installedat theplaceofbusinessasamodellatrine.

Ensurethattraineesareusingallprecautionsnecessarytoensuretheirsafetywhenliftingandmovingthelatrineparts,andtoensurethatthelatrinedoesnotbreakduringtheprocess.

DISCUSSION

Sharefeedbackwithtraineesontheirperformanceandallowtraineestoaskanyremainingquestions.LeadadiscussiononwhyitisimportanttofollowtheproceduresintheManualondelivery,andwhateffectthiscouldhaveonyourcustomersandyourreputationasabusiness.

Purpose:Topracticecarefullydeliveringhighqualitylatrinesinawaythatreducesthechanceofbreakinganddamage.

Time:65minutes(includestraveltimetoalocationabout20minutesaway)

Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines,latrineparts,truck

26

LATRINEINSTALLATION

PRACTICE

Observetraineesinstallthelatrinethatwasdeliveredtotheinstallationsite.Supportasnecessary.

Ensure that trainees demonstrate an understanding of measures taken to prevent contamination ofdrinkingwaterorgroundwater:

- Makesurenowaterisseenatthebottomofthepit

- Latrineshouldbeplacedatleast15metersawayfromthenearestwell

- Infloodingareas,thegroundshouldbebuiltuparoundthelatrinesothatitishigherthanthesurroundingground.

DISCUSSION

Encourage participants to share lessons learned and challenges faced by themduring the installationprocess.Guideparticipantsinadiscussionabouthowtointeractwithcustomersduringthisinstallationprocess,andhowtohandletheirproductwithcare.

Purpose:Topracticesafeandhighqualitylatrineinstallation.

Time:70minutes

Materials:ManualfortheProductionandInstallationofPour-FlushLatrines,latrineparts

27

Annexes

i

A. PRE-TEST&POST-TESTEnterpriseBusinessSkillsTrainingPre-test/Post-test

Question Yes NoDon’tKnow

1. Aringmouldcanberemovedonehouraftertheconcreteispoured.

2. Apersonwhocharges250,000LAKprofitperlatrinewillalwaysmakemoremoneythanthebusinesswhocharges100,000LAKprofitperlatrine.

3. Whentilesareplacedontheslab,theymustdryforsevendaysbeforetheslabismoved.

4. Youneedtosetprofitgoalsandsalesgoalsinordertoplanyourproductionwell.

5. Keepinggoodsalesrecordsisonewaytoprovidegoodcustomerservice.

6. CLTScanhelpmybusinessbycreatingdemandforlatrines.

7. Latrinesshouldbeinstalledatleast5metersawayfromtheclosestwaterwell.

8. Keepinggoodfinancialrecordscanhelpyougetaloanfromthebankinthefuture.

9. Morepeoplewouldbuylatrinesiftheycouldpayininstallments.

10. NamSaatisadepartmentofthegovernmentthatcanhelpmesucceedinmybusiness.

ii

AnswerKey

Question Yes NoDon’tKnow

1. Aringmouldcanberemovedonehouraftertheconcreteispoured.

CorrectAnswer:Aringmouldcanberemovedtwotothreehoursaftertheconcreteispoured.

X

2. Apersonwhocharges250,000LAKprofitperlatrinewillalwaysmakemoremoneythanthebusinesswhocharges100,000LAKprofitperlatrine.

CorrectAnswer:Usingthelowprofit,highvolumepricingstrategy,

thepersonwhomakes100,000LAKprofitperlatrinemightmakemoremoneythanthepersonwhocharges250,000LAKperlatrine.

X

3. Whentilesareplacedontheslab,theymustdryfortwodaysbeforetheslabismoved.

CorrectAnswer:Tilesmusthaveatleastsevendaystodrybeforetheslabismoved.

X

4. Youneedtosetprofitgoalsandsalesgoalsinordertoplanyourproductionwell.

X

5. Keepinggoodsalesrecordsisonewaytoprovidegoodcustomerservice.

X

6. CLTScanhelpmybusinessbycreatingdemandforlatrines. X

7. Latrinesshouldbeinstalledatleast5metersawayfromtheclosestwaterwell.

CorrectAnswer:Latrinesshouldbeinstalledatleast15metersawayfromtheclosestwaterwell.

X

8. Keepinggoodfinancialrecordscanhelpyougetaloanfromthebankinthefuture.

X

9. Morepeoplewouldbuylatrinesiftheycouldpayininstallments.

X

10. NamSaatisadepartmentofthegovernmentthatcanhelpmesucceedinmybusiness.

X

iii

B.RETURNONINVESTMENTCALCULATOR

EnterpriseFinancialPotential

Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Totalformonth

Presentations 2 2 2 2

Ordersperpresentation 10 10 10 10

Totalordersperweek 20 20 20 20 80

Salesagents 4 4 4 4

Enterpriseprofit100,000₭

100,000₭

100,000₭

100,000₭

Commissionavailable

8,000,000₭

8,000,000₭

8,000,000₭

8,000,000₭

32,000,000₭

Presentationsperweek 2

Ordersperpresentation 10

Salesagents 4

Enterpriseprofit 100,000

iv

EnterpriseFinancialPotential

Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4

Totalformonth

Presentations2 2 2 2

Ordersperpresentation

5 5 5 5

Totalordersperweek

10 10 10 10 40

Salesagents4 4 4 4

Enterpriseprofit100,000₭

100,000₭

100,000₭

100,000₭

Commissionavailable

4,000,000₭

4,000,000₭

4,000,000₭

4,000,000₭

16,000,000₭

Presentationsperweek 2

Ordersperpresentation 5

Salesagents 4

Enterpriseprofit 100,000

v

C.MONTHLYREPORTS

Monthly Sales Report

Enterprise Name:

District:

Date:

1 2 3=(1+2) 4 5 6=(4-7)

7=(4-6) 8=(3-4-5) 9 10

Lateine Type Number of Orders from last month

not yet delivered

New orders in this month

Total Orders (Last month + This month)

Delivered this month Canceled

Total paid full

Total unpaid full

Remaining orders to be

delivered next month

Current stock No. of

sale agents

4 ring With tile

3 ring

4 ring Without tile

3 ring

Reported by:

vi

D.QUALITYASSURANCEAUDIT

Quality Assurance Quarterly Audit

I Concrete Rings (3 x 40 x 80 cm)

Yes No

1 Produced ring by good mold

2 Use steel bar (6mm) for reinforcement of concrete rings

3 Use good quality cement (not expired, used for construction only, stored in clean, dry place)

4 Gravel or stones scale max 10mm

5 Use clean sand

6 Mix concrete using one of the recommended ratios in latrine production manual

II

Concrete Slabs ( 4 x 100 x 100 cm)

Yes No

1 Use wood or steel mold to produce

2 Use steel bar (6mm) for reinforcement of concrete slab

3 Use good quality cement (not expired, used for construction only, stored in clean, dry place)

4 Gravel or stones scale max 10mm

5 Use clean sand

6 Mix concrete using one of the recommended ratios in latrine production

vii

manual

III

Stock Maintenance

Yes No

1 Carrying minimum required stock (parts for ten complete latrines)

Quarterly Enterprise Audit Report

Enterprise name: District: Province:

Tel: Date of report:

Score: A= Excellent, B= Good, C= Fair, D= Poor, F= Unacceptable

% Score: A = 100%, B = 75%, C = 50%, D = 25%, F= 0%

# of products in stock = 100%: >10, 0% =

viii

Final Score =

Next steps:

1. Communicate with enterprise owner and share report.

2. Discuss recommendations for improvement.

3. Conduct next audit on (date):

E.BUDGETTEMPLATE

BudgetEstimationsandAdvanceRequest

Purpose:

Date:

Location:

No Description Unit/Price Qty Total Remarks

I PerDiem:(Fullname)

1 Trainingfacilitators

ix

2 DistrictNamSaatrepresentative

3 ProvincialNamSaatrepresentative

4 Trainees

Subtotal

II Transportation:

1 Transportationcompensationfortrainees(fuel)

2 Transportationcompensationfornon-localparticipants(fuel,carormotorbikerental)

Subtotal

III Stationary

1 Pre/Post-test(copy)

2 Marker(red,black,green)

3 Pen

4 PapercolorA4

5 Postit(big)

6 Flipchartprinting(color)+hardcompression

7 Flipchartpaper(A-0)

8 Latrineposter(color)+hardcompression

9 Printingandphotocopying

Subtotal

IV Misc.

1 CoffeeBreak

x

2 Meetingroomrental

Subtotal

TOTAL

xi

F.LATRINEPRODUCTIONCHECKLIST

Item Description SketchEquipment Steelmouldforconcreterings

-Innermould-Outermould-Steelwire

SlabMould-Canbeconstructedusingwoodorsteel-Dimensionsofwoodplanksorsteelbars:4cmx8cmx120cm-Steelwire

Tools ConcreteMixer

-Volume:0.2m³or0.5m³

Shovel

Trowel

Hammer

MetalCuttingSaw

MeasuringTape

xii

RawMaterials Amount(forfourringsandoneslabwithtiles)

Cement 36kg(lessthanonebag)

Sand 76kg

Gravel 128kg

Water 24liters

SteelBar 50meters

SteelWire 2meters(approximate)

xiii

v

C.MONTHLYREPORTS

Monthly Sales Report

Enterprise Name:

District:

Date:

1 2 3=(1+2) 4 5 6=(4-7)

7=(4-6) 8=(3-4-5) 9 10

Lateine Type Number of Orders from last month

not yet delivered

New orders in this month

Total Orders (Last month + This month)

Delivered this month Canceled

Total paid full

Total unpaid full

Remaining orders to be

delivered next month

Current stock No. of

sale agents

4 ring With tile

3 ring

4 ring Without tile

3 ring

Reported by:

vi

D.QUALITYASSURANCEAUDIT

Quality Assurance Quarterly Audit

I Concrete Rings (3 x 40 x 80 cm)

Yes No

1 Produced ring by good mold

2 Use steel bar (6mm) for reinforcement of concrete rings

3 Use good quality cement (not expired, used for construction only, stored in clean, dry place)

4 Gravel or stones scale max 10mm

5 Use clean sand

6 Mix concrete using one of the recommended ratios in latrine production manual

II

Concrete Slabs ( 4 x 100 x 100 cm)

Yes No

1 Use wood or steel mold to produce

2 Use steel bar (6mm) for reinforcement of concrete slab

3 Use good quality cement (not expired, used for construction only, stored in clean, dry place)

4 Gravel or stones scale max 10mm

5 Use clean sand

6 Mix concrete using one of the recommended ratios in latrine production

vii

manual

III

Stock Maintenance

Yes No

1 Carrying minimum required stock (parts for ten complete latrines)

Quarterly Enterprise Audit Report

Enterprise name: District: Province:

Tel: Date of report:

Score: A= Excellent, B= Good, C= Fair, D= Poor, F= Unacceptable

% Score: A = 100%, B = 75%, C = 50%, D = 25%, F= 0%

# of products in stock = 100%: >10, 0% =

viii

Final Score =

Next steps:

1. Communicate with enterprise owner and share report.

2. Discuss recommendations for improvement.

3. Conduct next audit on (date):

E.BUDGETTEMPLATE

BudgetEstimationsandAdvanceRequest

Purpose:

Date:

Location:

No Description Unit/Price Qty Total Remarks

I PerDiem:(Fullname)

1 Trainingfacilitators

ix

2 DistrictNamSaatrepresentative

3 ProvincialNamSaatrepresentative

4 Trainees

Subtotal

II Transportation:

1 Transportationcompensationfortrainees(fuel)

2 Transportationcompensationfornon-localparticipants(fuel,carormotorbikerental)

Subtotal

III Stationary

1 Pre/Post-test(copy)

2 Marker(red,black,green)

3 Pen

4 PapercolorA4

5 Postit(big)

6 Flipchartprinting(color)+hardcompression

7 Flipchartpaper(A-0)

8 Latrineposter(color)+hardcompression

9 Printingandphotocopying

Subtotal

IV Misc.

1 CoffeeBreak

x

2 Meetingroomrental

Subtotal

TOTAL

xi

F.LATRINEPRODUCTIONCHECKLIST

Item Description SketchEquipment Steelmouldforconcreterings

-Innermould-Outermould-Steelwire

SlabMould-Canbeconstructedusingwoodorsteel-Dimensionsofwoodplanksorsteelbars:4cmx8cmx120cm-Steelwire

Tools ConcreteMixer

-Volume:0.2m³or0.5m³

Shovel

Trowel

Hammer

MetalCuttingSaw

MeasuringTape

xii

RawMaterials Amount(forfourringsandoneslabwithtiles)

Cement 36kg(lessthanonebag)

Sand 76kg

Gravel 128kg

Water 24liters

SteelBar 50meters

SteelWire 2meters(approximate)

xiii

WSP-Latrine-Production-and-Installation-Training-Facilitators-ManualWSP-Latrine-Production-and-Installation-Training-Facilitators-Manual.2WSP-Latrine-Production-and-Installation-Training-Facilitators-Manual.3WSP-Latrine-Production-and-Installation-Training-Facilitators-Manual.4WSP-Latrine-Production-and-Installation-Training-Facilitators-Manual.5