latin american revolutions
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Latin AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS. Revolution in haiti. You should remember this from Napoleon… First Latin American territory to free itself from European rule Toussaint L’Overture – leader of the revolution 1804 – declared independence. The divisions in Spanish colonial society in 1789. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Latin AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS
Revolution in haitiYou should remember this from Napoleon…First Latin American territory to free itself
from European ruleToussaint L’Overture – leader of the revolution1804 – declared independenceAfter L’Overture’s death –
Haiti crumbled into despotism
The divisions in Spanish colonial society in 1789
Peninsulares; 0.1
Creoles; 22.8
Mulattos; 7.6
Mestizos; 7.3
Native Amer-icans; 55.8
Africans; 6.4Do you remember the Spanish colonial system we talked about when we learned about the Atlantic World???
Latin america sweeps to freedom
Latin America sharply divided into classes based on birth.
Peninsulares and Creoles dominated and controlled wealth and power
Viceroys – colonial officersCreoles = least oppressed BUT they could not
hold high office. Many were educated in Europe THEREFORE they brought back Enlightenment ideas WHICH brought on a revolution in Latin America
How Spain will affect spanish america
The last straw was Napoleon’s invasion of Spain.
When he deposed the Spanish king, the Creoles felt no loyalty to a French king.
Creoles argued the power now shifted to the people.
Even after Napoleon was defeated and the Spanish king was brought back, it was too late…
ProcessingAccording to the social hierarchy, who held
the most power in Spanish America?
What factors caused the revolutions in Spanish America? (Give me two!)
Spanish americaSimón Bolivar – wealthy
Venezuelan creoleBelieves in equality for allHelped declare independence
from SpainDecisive victory in Colombia1830 – Venezuela, Colombia,
Panama, Bolivia, Ecuador win independence
Hidalgo calls for an end to spanish rule
• So far we have seen how creoles led revolutions.
• In Mexico, the Native Americans and mestizos play a role…
• Miguel Hidalgo – priest who calls for Mexico’s independence movement
• Firmly believed in Enlightenment ideas• His uprising will be defeated in 1811• Creoles did not support mestizo uprising
Mexico’s independence• After a liberal group was put in power, the
creoles feared a loss of privileges• Creoles decide to revolt!• 1821 - Mexico claims independence• Before the Mexican revolution, Central America
had been governed from Mexico After Mexico’s independence several Central American states declared their independence from Spain (and Mexico).
brazil• Most unique independence movement in Latin
America because there was no violent uprisings
• After Napoleon invaded Portugal, the royal family fled to Brazil.
• 1822 – Creoles demand independence from Portugal• Dom Pedro signs a petition officially freeing
Brazil
• Won its independence through a bloodless revolution
Latin america 1800-1830
Latin America, 1800
Latin America, 1830
Effects of latin american revolutions
• Independence brought an increase in poverty• Disrupted trade• Devastated cities• Geography – prevents a united Latin America• Government
• Colonial gov’ts same as home country gov’t = Latin Americans had no experience w/self gov’t, unfamiliar with democratic principles/practices
Effects of latin american revolutions
Social OrderRigid social/economic/political order gave
too much power to Creoles, not enough to the mestizos
Catholic ChurchStrong influence prevented true
separation of church and state Economy not diverse – based mainly
on mining of gold and silver
Monroe doctrine• The Monroe Doctrine was issued by President
James Monroe (U.S.) in 1823.• Latin American nations were acknowledged to
be independent.• The United States would regard as a threat to
its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere.