Latin-American Collaboration in Nuclear Physics

Alinka Lépine-SzilyInstituto de Física-USP São Paulo, Brazil

Two-Day Symposium on International Nuclear Science of the IUPAP Working Group WG.9 TRIUMF on July 2-4, 2010

CHART OF SANTIAGO

The “Association of Latin American Nuclear Physics and Applications” (ALANPA) was formed in Santiago, Chile on Dec. 19, 2009, by representatives of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela.

In Spanish is called “Asociación Latino Americana de Física Nuclear y Aplicaciones” ALAFNA In Portuguese is called “Associação Latino Americana de Física Nuclear e Aplicações” ALAFNA

Chairs of ALANPA: Andrés Kreiner (Argentina) Alinka Lépine-Szily (Brazil)

Steering Committee (SC) of ALANPA is formed by the 15 original founders:

Ricardo Alarcon (Arizona State Univ., USA)Hugo Arellano (U. of Chile, Chile)Haydn Barros (U.Simon Bolivar, Venezuela)

Maria Ester Brandan (UNAM, Mexico) Roelof Bijker (UNAM, Mexico)Laszlo Sajo Bohus (U.Simon Bolivar, Venezuela)Fernando Cristancho (UNal, Colombia) Paulo Gomes (U. Fed. Fluminense, Brazil)Carlos Granja(Inst.Exp.Appl.Phys. Czech Tech.U. Czech

Rep.)Andrés Kreiner (Tandar, CNEA, Argentina)Alinka Lépine-Szily (USP, Brazil)Rubens Lichtenthäler (USP, Brazil)Modesto Montoya (Inst. Per. Em. Nucl., Peru)Roberto Morales (U. of Chile, Chile)Alberto Pacheco (Tandar, CNEA, Argentina)

Objectives of ALANPA (ALAFNA) To strengthen ties among the Latin American

Communities doing nuclear research and applications to foster collaborations and promotion of activities,

To educate the scientific community and the general public through the promotion of nuclear physics and the peaceful uses of nuclear technology,

To do periodic overall assessments of nuclear science in Latin America in the context of world wide activities, and

To discuss at a multi-national level future planning of nuclear science activities in Latin America

Role of the Steering Committee:

-establishment of ALANPA governance rules

-divulgation of ALANPA in the scientific community

-divulgation of ALANPA within governments of Latin America with interest in nuclear science and applications

ALANPA homepage will be installed in the very near futureon the website of the next “Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications” july 18-22,2011, Quito, Ecuador

http://www.lasnpa-quito2011.org/

Latin American Symposia on Nuclear Physics and Applications 1995 Caracas, Venezuela1997 Caracas, Venezuela1999 San Andrés, Colombia2001 Ciudad de México, México2003 Santos, Brazil2005 Iguazu, Argentina2007 Cuzco, Peru2009 Santiago, Chile 2011 Quito, Ecuador Scope: the dissemination of the major theoretical and

experimental advances in the field of nuclear science and its applications. The main topics to be covered are: Nuclear Structure and

Reactions, Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics, Cosmic Rays, Hadron Structure and Phases of Nuclear Matter, Tests of Fundamental Symmetries and Properties of Neutrinos, Nuclear Instrumentation and

Facilities: Radiation Detectors and Sources, and Applications in Medicine (Biomedical Imaging, Radiotherapy),Art/Archeology, Energy,

Space and International Security.

General Informations on the status of Nuclear Physics in

Argentina Brazil Chile Mexico Venezuela Ecuador Colombia Peru

Nuclear Physics and Applications in Argentina and Cooperation in Latin

America

A.J.Kreiner1,2,3.

1Departamento de Física, CNEA, Atomic Energy Commission Arg. 2Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología. Universidad de San Martin, Arg. 3CONICET (National Research Council), Argentina.

NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS IN ARGENTINA

• Institutions and locations

1. National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA)1.1 Buenos Aires (Centro Atomico Constituyentes), Physics Department

(currently Gerencia de Investigacion y Aplicaciones, Laboratorio TANDAR)

1.2 Prov. Buenos Aires (Centro Atomico Ezeiza)1.3 Bariloche (Centro Atomico Bariloche)

2. School of Science and Technology-University of San Martin (ECyT-UNSAM)

Prov. Buenos Aires, Migueletes Campus.

3. Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences- University of Buenos Aires (FCEyN-UBA)

3.1 Buenos Aires

4. Faculty of Sciences- National University of La Plata5. Favaloro University

1.1 Research Programs

The main experimental and theoretical research lines related to Nuclear Physics and its applications are the following:

• Low-energy nuclear physics: Nuclear structure, nuclear reactions, collective nuclear excitations and giant resonances, break-up reactions and their influence on fusion reactions involving weakly bound nuclei; fusion barrier distributions.

• High-energy nuclear physics: Hadronic models based on QCD. Phase structure of strong interactions.

1.1 Research Programs (Cont.)

• Applied Nuclear Physics: A result of basic research activities has been the application of various experimental nuclear physics techniques to other fields of knowledge:

• biomedicine, radiobiology, environmental science, material science, nuclear astrophysics.

• Techniques developed and available: Ion Beam Analysis (HIRBS, PIXE, NRA,..); External Beam Irradiations, Neutron Production, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). Proton irradiations to qualify satellite components (solar cells and electronic circuits).

• In the biomedical area a project is worth mentioning related to accelerator-based Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), including the development of a high intensity low-energy proton accelerator and a SPECT tomograph. Recently this program has widened to start with the development of accelerator technology aimed at nuclear transmutation of highly radiotoxic waste coming from the Argentine power reactors (30 people).

• A heavy ion microbeam facility for the study of biological and physical problems with high spatial resolution has ben operational for several years. High aspect ratio micromachining is available. PIXE and other IBA’s.

• Astroparticle physics (Auger projects and extensions).

• Number of scientists: ~80

Major facility: TANDAR 20 MV Tandem (Pelletron)

Facility's major experimental instrumentation and its capabilities:

• - QDD magnetic spectrometer.• - Microbeam facility (beam spots of about 1μ2) with high resolution X-ray

detection.• - External beam irradiation facility with on-line dose determination.• - Heavy-ion identification based on a time-of-flight facility (start and stop

signals derived from microchannel plates) followed by a Bragg spectrometer or solid state detectors.

• - 30-inch diameter multipurpose scattering chamber.• - Irradiation chamber for the simulation of outer-space environmental

conditions.• Ion implanter.

• Number of actual, active users of the facility: 51• Number of a) permanent staff, as scientific, technical, and administrative staff,

employed by the lab: 46 and b) temporary staff (including graduate students and postdoctoral researchers on the facility’s payroll): 12

Tandar accelerator tower with SF6 storage spheres.20 MV Tandemat CNEA Buenos Aires.

Other CNEA centers

• 1.2 EZEIZA Atomic Center: Isotope production (40 MeV proton Cyclotron). Nuclear metrology (radiation measurements, standards for gammas, betas, neutrons). Reactor physics (RA-3 research reactor). BNCT with reactors. 60Co irradiators. Isotope production. (150 people).

• 1.3 BARILOCHE Atomic Center: Neutron physics (electron LINAC for neutron production thru photonuclear reactions, 10 people). Reactor physics and engineering RA-6 (School of Nuclear Engineering). Clinical trials in BNCT (4). Auger physics (4).

• 1.4 School of Nuclear medicine (Mendoza). PET center in association with National Cancer Institute (Buenos Aires).

Other Institutions

• 2. ECYT-UNSAM Medical physics (radiotherapy, nuclear medicine,

imaging modalities; 5 + many CNEA)

• 3. FCEyN-UBA Statistical mechanics applications to nuclear physics

(theory, 2). Involvement in CERN experiments (1).

• 4. La Plata Nuclear structure and weak interactions (theory, 3

people). Auger physics (6).

• 5.Favaloro Engineering in Medical Physics (several CNEA).

NUCLEAR PHYSICS RESEARCH IN

BRAZIL

Alinka Lépine-SzilyInstituto de Física-USP São Paulo, Brazil

Number of scientists and graduate students in Nuclear Physics in Brasil in 2010

2005: 63 universities2009: 131 universities (http://www.universidades.com.br/brasil.htm)

1999: 2.7 millions of students, 6.9%2004: 4.16 millions of students2009: 4.88 millions of students, 13.9%

In 2005

(under-estimated)

96

25

170

291

SP

1111118th 118th Intn Few-Body Problems in PhysIcs 8th International IUPAP Conference on Few-Body Problems in PhysIcs

Research Programs:

Low-energy nuclear physics:T,ELow energy reaction and structure studies with stable and radioactive beams, break-up, fusion, nuclear astrophysical reactions, Gamma-spectrosopy, nuclear structure with light-ion transfer reactions. T: 3-body description of halo nuclei, fusion models for superheavies, weak-interaction for r-process

High-energy nuclear physics: Theory:Hadronic models in QCD, Phases of nuclear matter, nuclear astrophysics within relativistic models(hadronic and quark stars),Experimental: Auger projectSTAR collaboration at RHIC, Alice collaboration at LHC PHENIX collaboration at RHIC, Atlas collab. at LHC

Research programs:

Applied Nuclear Physics:

1. Radiation Physics Material analysis using ionic beams PIXE, RBS, external beam, ERDA, PIGE (8MV Pelletron tandem, 1.7MV Pelletron tandem

USP) Atomic Mass Spectrometry (USP, UFF) Instrumentation for detectors and electronics

(IPEN) Gamma and X-ray spectrometry for material

analysis. Dating, art and archeology

2. Medical Physics Radioisotope production (67Ga,201Tl,111In,18F,123I,

IPEN)) 3D Imaging detectors, dosimetry

Accelerators in Brazil (not dedicated to NP)

LNLS- Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, Campinas 1.37 GeV,250mA The only light source in Latin-America Research in material science, biology, medical science, chemistry. 1100 users

Cyclotrons for isotope production at CNEN, hospitals.

Research Reactor at CNEN-IPEN of 5MW

Major Facility for Nuclear Physics research 8 MV Pelletron Tandem University of São Paulo: Institute of Physics

8 MV tandem3-5 MeV.A

RIBRAS

Local facility: Very important for graduate student training, 56 MS and PhD thesis in last 10 years

Facility´s major experimental instrumentation and

capabilities:

1. Radioactive Ion Beam Brasil (RIBRAS) 2 superconducting

solenoids can select and focus radioactive beams produced by transfer reactions

B=6.5T.

2. Two large position sensitive neutron detectors (Neutron wall)

3. Gamma-ray+charged particle spectrometer (SACI-PERERE)

4. Enge split-pole spectrometer5. Multi-purpose scattering chamber.

6. Large scattering chamber

Ion primary beam energy(MeV) reaction production rate (/ 1A of primary beam)

6He 30. 9Be(7Li,6He) 10+6 p/s 6He 20. 9Be(7Li,6He) 10+5 p/s 8Li 30 9Be(7Li,8Li) 10+6 p/s 7Be 30 3He(6Li,7Be) 4x10+5 p/s 7Be 30 3He(7Li,7Be) 2x10+5 p/s 8B 30 3He(6Li,8B) (?)

Present beams at RIBRAS

present primary beam 6,7Li intensities ~ 300 nAe

Elastic, inelastic scattering, transfer reactions, reaction cross section, break-up cross section, astrophysical S-factors, induced by radioactive beams

σRred

Highlights of the SP. Pelletron Lab.

Elastic scattering of light halo projectile:6HeTotal reaction cross-section: 6He+27Al, 6He+51V, 6He+120Sn

Primordial Nucleosynthesis with the participation of the unstable nuclei:

p-rich: 8B, 9C,11C

n-rich:8Li,9Li, 11Be etc

Primordial Nucleosynthesis without the participation of the unstable nuclei

Production of light elements in primordial nucleosynthesis:

R-matrix calculations for the 9Be resonances, including 0.605, 1.58 and 1.77 MeV

P. Descouvemont private communication

Non-homogeneous primordial nucleosynthesis:

8Li(4He,n)11B, bridges de A=8 gap

8Li(p,4He)5He main reaction which destroys the 8Li.

Was measured at RIBRAS with 8Li beam, thick CH2 target, inverse kinematics, excitation function, from Ecm=0.4 to 2.7 MeV

Main Institutions:

1. São Paulo state (80% experimental, 35% theoretical

activity)- São Paulo USP E, T research in low, high energy nuclear

physics IFT/UNESP Hadronic models in QCD, 3-body models of halo

nuclei T ITA 3-body models of halo nuclei , relativistic nuclear structure

T Unicamp; Auger project, RHIC, LHC E IPEN: gamma spectrosopy, instrumentation and applications

E

2. Rio de Janeiro UFRJ Theoretical studies of Nuclear Reactions, Hadron Physics

T UFF Low energy Nuclear Reactions T,E AMS E CBPF Hadron Physics, fusion models for SHE, r-process T3. Southern states, Paraná, UEL, applications, Gamma and

X-ray spectrometry for material analysis E Santa Catarina, UFSC nuclear astrophysics within

relativistic models(hadronic and quark stars) T Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, FURG hadron physics using

QCD T

International Collaborations:Experimental:1.Strong collaboration between Pelletron (USP) -Tandar Argentina and UFF (Niteroi, Brasil) Pro-Sul CNPq-

CONICET

2. STAR, PHENIX collaboration at RHIC

3. Alice collaboration at LHC

5. Collaborations: FAIR, Legnaro, Catania, Sevilla, Madrid, Lisboa, U. Notre Dame, CNS-U.Tokyo, GANIL, ANU

Theory: U.La Plata (Arg.), Cuba, U. Coimbra, Tandar, National

Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Oxford Univ., Univ. Tennessee, Univ. Sydney, Univ. Aarhus.

Difficulties: Small groups, Heavy travel expenses, little money for graduate students

Nuclear Physics in Chile

Roberto Morales Universidad de Chile

1.- ¿ Dónde se hace Física Nuclear, ciudades, laboratorios, universidades?Sólo en Santiago hay actividad en Física Nuclear

2. Instalaciones experimentales.En la Universidad de Chile, UCH.

Acelerador Van de Graaff. 3.75 MeVSistemas de espectroscopía gamma, rayos X, alfa

En la Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, CCHENUn reactor de investigación de 5 MW. En La Reina. OperativoActivación neutrónicaProducción de radioisótopos, Tc-99m, I-131Espectroscopia gammaLaboratorio de plasma Laboratorio y Servicio de DosimetríaCiclotrón de 18 MeV para F-18Un reactor de investigación de 10 MW. En Lo Aguirre. No operaIrradiador gammaPrompt gamma

3.- Recursos humanos.-´Investigadores Universidad de Chile

Arellano, Hugo Dr. UCHCancino, Simón M.Cs. UCHDinator, Maria I. M.Cs. UCH *Morales, J. Roberto Dr. UCHMiranda, Pedro Dr. UCH

UNIVERSITY OF CHILE VAN DE GRAAFF LABORATORY

P.A. Miranda, M. A. Chesta, S. A. Cancino, J. R. Morales, M. I. Dinator, J. A. Wachter and C. TenreiroNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 248 (2006) 150-154

ColaboradoresRobert Flocchini. UC Davis, California, U.S.A.Javier Miranda. UNAM, México.Andrea Seelenfreund. Universidad Academia de Humanismo CristianoRafael Correa. Universidad Tecnológica MetropolitanaSergio Montes. Universidad de SantiagoClaudio Tenreiro. Universidad de TalcaMario Ávila. Comisión Chilena de Energía NuclearRaúl Morales. Fac. Ciencias, Universidad de ChileMargarita Préndez. Fac. Ciencias Química y Farmacéutica. U. de ChileDiego Salazar. Fac. Ciencias Sociales. U. de ChileRaúl Muñoz. Fac. de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas. U. de Chile

Nuclear Physics in Mexico

Roelof Bijker and María Ester Brandan

UNAM

Where?• UNAM, DF, Instituto de Física, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares,

Fac de Ciencias• ININ and Univ. Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca• Cinvestav, DF y Mérida• Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa• Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla• Universidad Michoacana San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia• Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas• Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa

NuclearPhysics

Particles and Fields

MedicalPhysicsRadiation

Physics

Cosmic rays

Mexican Physics Society (SMF)

How many?

• About 20 (10) in basic research and its instrumentation

• About 30 (10) in applied nuclear physics and its instrumentation

• Graduate students: About 50

Subjects: Basic science • Nuclear structure (symmetries, cluster

models, nuclear masses, double decay) T• Hadronic physics (LE QCD, quark models)

T• Cosmic rays (Pyramid of the Sun, HAWC) E• Neutron physics, fundamental symmetries

E• International collaborations: T, E

– ALICE (IFUNAM, ICNUNAM, Cinvestav, BUAP, UAS)

– Auger (ICNUNAM) – RIB ORNL, Notre Dame (IFUNAM, ICNUNAM)– LANL (IFUNAM)

Subjects: Applied science

• Medical physics (IFUNAM, ICNUNAM, School of Medicine UNAM, UAZ) E

• Radiation physics E– RBS, PIXE, other techniques

Experimental facilities

• 6 MV Tandem (ININ)

• 0.7 and 5.5 MV Van de Graaf and 3 MV Pelletron (IFUNAM)

• Instrumentation laboratories– Pyramid of the Sun and HAWC (IFUNAM)

– Detector lab (ICNUNAM)

– Instrumentation labs (Puebla and UMSNH)

Nuclear Physics and Applications in Ecuador

Institutions

Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Quito www.epn.edu.ec

linac Co irradiator

Dept. de Física y AstronomíaDept. de Ciencias Nucleares

• Bulk irradiations (electron, gamma)• Atomic absorption (X-rays, UV)• Fluorescence and mass analysis

activity /

Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito

„National Bureau of Control, License and Studies of Nuclear Sciences“ (former Atomic Energy Commission)

Dependency of the Ministry of Electricity and Renewable EnergyLaboratories (e.g. Dosimeter and radiation monitor calibration).

• Regulations, safeguards• Nuclear techniques (element analysis)

www.meer.gov.ec

www.usfq.edu.ec• Particle physics (D0 Fermilab)

Oncology Society SOLCA, Quito www.solca.med.ec• Medical Physics• Radiotherapy (electron, photon)

commercial radiotherapy linacs (e–,)

Hospitals (oncology), Quito, Guayaquil

commercial radiotherapy linacs (e–,)

• Radiotherapy treatments (electron, photon)

Nuclear Physics inNuclear Physics in VENVENEZUEZUELAELA

Universidad de los AndesHigh Energy Group (3 Ph.D) Dr. Luis NuñezHydrogeology Group (2 Ph.D) Dr. Hervé Jegat

I.V.I.C.60-Co Irradiation Facility. Ing. Paolo TraversaSecondary Calibration Lab. Dr. Lila CarrizalezMedical Physics Masters CoursesOfficial National Training Courses in RadioprotectionEnvironmental Radioactivity

Universidad Central de VenezuelaMedical Physics Masters Courses. Dr. Rafael Martín (20-25 students / year)Lab. Applications Nuclear Tech. In Industry. Dr. Héctor Constan. (L.Cintillation)

Ministery of EnergyComisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, National Nuclear Authority. Dr. Héctor ConstanRegularions & Permissions.Training (Through IAEA)Monitoring for evaluations and permissions (Gamma Spectroscopy).

Univ. Centro Occ. Lizandro AlvaradoTXRF – Chemistry Department. Dra. Lué Meru Marco

Hospitals & Private CentresCiclotron (18F), PET, LINAC, Gamma Ch., MRI, CT, etc. Dra. Aisa Manzo

LASERSpectrometer δ18

OIEA

Researchers 8Prof. L. Sajo-Bohus

Prof. E. Greaves

Dr. P. Nemeth

Prof. J. Liendo

Prof. D. Palacios

Prof. H. Barros

Prof. M. Bernal

Prof. F. Rodríguez

New Professionals 29Ph.D. Physics 2

M.Sc. Physics 2

M.Sc. Chemistry 2

M.Sc. Eng. Electronic 1

B.Sc. Physics: 12

B.Sc. Chemistry 5

B.Sc. Biology 1

Electric & Electronic Eng. 6

Postgraduate abroad 12

Students 8Ph.D. 5

M.Sc. 6

B.Sc. 5

Support Staff 32 Tech. + 1 Adm.

Techniques and devicesIon Implanter (0,4 MeV)

Neutron Source (Cf)

Alpha (Si) & Gamma Spectrometry (HPGe)

TXRF & DRX

TLD and SSNTD

Co & Cs intense sources

BGO, NaI(Tl) and Cherenkov

AbroadNAA

Ion Beam Analysis

AMS, ICPMS & TIMS

Last Five years

OIEA

Universidad Simon Bolivar(www.nuclear.fis.usb.ve)

Física nuclear y aplicaciones en el Perú

El Instituto Peruano de Energía Nuclear (IPEN) cuenta con un reactor de investigación de 10 MW, en el cual se produce radioisótopos para medicina y se realiza análisis químicos por activación neutrónica. Se tiene también una facilidad de neutrografía. El IPEN en colaboración con la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería se realiza simulación de experimentos de fisión y experimentos de física de reactores.

Un grupo de la Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú trabaja en el experimento ALICE con el grupo de México en el CERN.

Conclusions:

Most countries in the region have small activity in basic Nuclear Physics research. Mostly radiation and medical applications. Very small number of scientists.

Exceptions: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico

Region has no large scale facilities in NP and no plans.

Small support from funding agencies even for maintenance of existing facilities.