latin american artists. map of mexico diego rivera
TRANSCRIPT
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Latin Latin American American
ArtistsArtists
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Map of MexicoMap of Mexico
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Diego RiveraDiego Rivera
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Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*Born in Guanajuato, *Born in Guanajuato, Mexico 1886Mexico 1886
*Well-off family*Well-off family
Mother’s side JewishMother’s side Jewish
Father’s side Spanish Father’s side Spanish nobilitynobility
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Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*Studied at Academy of San Carlos*Studied at Academy of San Carlos in Mexico City at age 10in Mexico City at age 10*Sponsored to study in Europe by *Sponsored to study in Europe by governor of State of Veracruz governor of State of Veracruz 19071907
*Studied in France, Spain and Italy*Studied in France, Spain and Italy*Returned to Mexico in 1920*Returned to Mexico in 1920
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Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*1922 founded Revolutionary *1922 founded Revolutionary UnionUnion
of Technical Workers, of Technical Workers, Painters &Painters &
SculptorsSculptors
*1922 joined the Mexican *1922 joined the Mexican Communist PartyCommunist Party
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Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*Believed art was for everyone,
especially the poor & working class
*Often painted revolutionary themes*Depicted social issues and
hardships of everyday life*Championed the causes of
oppressed
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Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*Believed communism would *Believed communism would betterbetter
the life of the poorthe life of the poor
*Believed communism was *Believed communism was crucial change needed to rid crucial change needed to rid Mexico of desperate povertyMexico of desperate poverty
*Housed Leon Trotsky & family*Housed Leon Trotsky & family
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Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*1909-1921 Angelina *1909-1921 Angelina Belhoff (common law wife)Belhoff (common law wife)
Son 1916 ~ DiegoSon 1916 ~ Diego
Daughter 1918 ~ (from Daughter 1918 ~ (from affair)affair)
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Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*1922 – 1929 Guadalupe *1922 – 1929 Guadalupe Marin (wife)Marin (wife)
Two daughtersTwo daughters
*1929-1939, 1940-1954 *1929-1939, 1940-1954 Frida KahloFrida Kahlo
(wife) (wife)
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Diego RiveraDiego Rivera
*1955-1957 Emma Hurtado*1955-1957 Emma Hurtado (wife) agent since 1946(wife) agent since 1946
*Died November 24, 1957 *Died November 24, 1957 of heart failureof heart failure
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Diego RiveraDiego Rivera*Painted many murals in Mexico*Painted many murals in Mexico
--Secretariat of Public Education--Secretariat of Public Education
--National School of Architecture--National School of Architecture
--Cortes Palace in Cuernavaca--Cortes Palace in Cuernavaca
--National Palace in Mexico City--National Palace in Mexico City
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Diego RiveraDiego Rivera
*1930 traveled to United *1930 traveled to United StatesStates
--Stock Exchange--Stock Exchange
--California School of Fine --California School of Fine ArtArt
--DIA (1932-1933)--DIA (1932-1933)
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Flower Festival Feast Flower Festival Feast of Santaof Santa
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El Vendedor de El Vendedor de AlcatracesAlcatraces
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PeasantsPeasants
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The Flower The Flower CarrierCarrier
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Retrato de Retrato de IgnacioIgnacio
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In the ArsenalIn the Arsenal
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Dream of Sunday in Dream of Sunday in Alameda ParkAlameda Park
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Detroit IndustryDetroit Industry
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Detroit IndustryDetroit Industry
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Frida KahloFrida Kahlo
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Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*Born in Coyoacan, Mexico *Born in Coyoacan, Mexico 19071907
* Mexican Revolution 1910* Mexican Revolution 1910
* Blended family * Blended family
Mother’s side indigenousMother’s side indigenous
Father’s side GermanFather’s side German
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Frida KahloFrida Kahlo
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Frida KahloFrida Kahlo
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Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*Age 6 contracted polio, left *Age 6 contracted polio, left right leg thinner than leftright leg thinner than left
*Wanted to study medicine*Wanted to study medicine
*Fell in love with gang *Fell in love with gang leader in high school leader in high school
(Alejandro Gomez Arias)(Alejandro Gomez Arias)
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Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*September 17, 1925 bus accident*September 17, 1925 bus accident*broken spinal column, collarbone,*broken spinal column, collarbone, ribs, pelvis, 11 fractures in right ribs, pelvis, 11 fractures in right leg,leg,
crushed & dislocated foot and crushed & dislocated foot and dislocated shoulderdislocated shoulder*Handrail pierced abdomen & *Handrail pierced abdomen & uterusuterus
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Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*Gave up study of *Gave up study of medicinemedicine
*Taught herself to paint *Taught herself to paint while recuperating while recuperating
*Used mirror & painted *Used mirror & painted flat on her backflat on her back
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Frida KahloFrida Kahlo““I never painted dreams, I I never painted dreams, I painted painted
my own reality” --Fridamy own reality” --Frida
*stark portrayals of pain*stark portrayals of pain
*symbolic monkey (lust)*symbolic monkey (lust)
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Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*approached Diego Rivera for *approached Diego Rivera for artistic adviceartistic advice
*1929-1939 married 1940-1954 *1929-1939 married 1940-1954 The Elephant & the DoveThe Elephant & the Dove**Tumultuous relationship & Tumultuous relationship & firey firey
temperaments temperaments
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Frida KahloFrida Kahlo
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Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*Frida in the US*Frida in the US --art was not popular--art was not popular --disgusted by American --disgusted by American customscustoms
--was in Diego’s shadow --was in Diego’s shadow --Americans thought she was --Americans thought she was outrageous.outrageous.
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Frida KahloFrida Kahlo*Died July 13, 1954*Died July 13, 1954 officially – pulmonary officially – pulmonary embolismembolism
possibly – overdosepossibly – overdose ““I hope the exit is joyful and I I hope the exit is joyful and I hope to never return”hope to never return” --Frida --Frida
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Self Portrait Self Portrait w/Monkeyw/Monkey
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Self Portrait Self Portrait Dedicated to Leon Dedicated to Leon
TrotskyTrotsky
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Diego en mi Diego en mi PensamientoPensamiento
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LasLas Dos Fridas Dos Fridas
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Diego and FridaDiego and Frida
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Self-Portrait Self-Portrait w/Flowersw/Flowers
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Jose Clemente Jose Clemente OrozcoOrozco
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Jose Clemente Jose Clemente OrozcoOrozco
*Born in Jalisco, Mexico 1883*Born in Jalisco, Mexico 1883
*Inspired as young boy by *Inspired as young boy by illustrator Jose Guadalupe illustrator Jose Guadalupe Posada to become artistPosada to become artist
*Attended Academia de San Carlos*Attended Academia de San Carlos
1890-1903 (agriculture) 1906-1890-1903 (agriculture) 1906-19101910
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Jose Clemente Jose Clemente OrozcoOrozco
*1911-1924 worked as political *1911-1924 worked as political cartoonist for local newspaperscartoonist for local newspapers
*1922 started to paint murals *1922 started to paint murals (human tragedy of revolution)(human tragedy of revolution)*1927-1934 lived in USA*1927-1934 lived in USA mechanization & mechanization &
dehumanization of lifedehumanization of life
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Jose Clemente Jose Clemente OrozcoOrozco
*1935 returned to Mexico *1935 returned to Mexico
--Guadalajara’s Hospicio --Guadalajara’s Hospicio CabanasCabanas
--Gabino Ortiz Library--Gabino Ortiz Library
--Government Palace--Government Palace
--National Preparatory School--National Preparatory School
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Jose Clemente Jose Clemente OrozcoOrozco
*Left hand blown off in *Left hand blown off in gunpowder accident ~ hands gunpowder accident ~ hands big deal in his worksbig deal in his works
*1923 Margarita Valladares *1923 Margarita Valladares (wife)(wife)
3 children3 children
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Jose Clemente Jose Clemente OrozcoOrozco
*Mexican social realist painter*Mexican social realist painter
*most complex of Mexican *most complex of Mexican muralistsmuralists
*painted human suffering & *painted human suffering & political views but less realistic political views but less realistic than Riverathan Rivera
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Jose Clemente Jose Clemente OrozcoOrozco
*1948 raided del Prado *1948 raided del Prado Hotel w/Rivera, Kahlo & Hotel w/Rivera, Kahlo & Siquieros to add “does not Siquieros to add “does not exist” to muralexist” to mural
*September 7, 1949 died*September 7, 1949 died
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Mural of Hidalgo at Mural of Hidalgo at City HallCity Hall
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Dartmouth Dartmouth MuralMural
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Departure of Departure of QuetzalcoatlQuetzalcoatl
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The Coming of Quetzalcoatl
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Mural at Hospicio Mural at Hospicio CabanasCabanas
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Mural at Hospicio Mural at Hospicio CabanasCabanas
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Mural at Government Mural at Government PalacePalace
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Mural at University of Mural at University of GuadalajaraGuadalajara
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Mural at Chamber Mural at Chamber of Deputiesof Deputies
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David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros
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David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros
**Born in Chihuahua, Mexico Born in Chihuahua, Mexico 18961896
*Well-off family*Well-off family
Mother’s side musiciansMother’s side musicians
Father’s side PortugueseFather’s side Portuguese
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David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros
*Older sister & brother*Older sister & brother
*Mother died when he was two*Mother died when he was two
*Raised by grandparents 9 *Raised by grandparents 9 yearsyears
*Father a devout Catholic*Father a devout Catholic
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David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros
*Attended a religious primary school*Attended a religious primary school
*Attended National Academy of Fine *Attended National Academy of Fine ArtsArts
--1911(15yrs) involved in student --1911(15yrs) involved in student
protest regarding teaching protest regarding teaching methods methods
& demanded removal of director& demanded removal of director
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David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros
*1914 joined Carranza’s *1914 joined Carranza’s Constitutional Army against Constitutional Army against Huerta governmentHuerta government
*Exposed to indigenous *Exposed to indigenous Mexican culture & struggles Mexican culture & struggles of rural poorof rural poor
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David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros
*1919 left to study in Europe*1919 left to study in Europe --fresco, cubisim, use of --fresco, cubisim, use of intense intense
colorscolors*1922 returned to Mexico *1922 returned to Mexico --muralist for Obregon’s --muralist for Obregon’s revolutionary governmentrevolutionary government
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David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros
*1923 founded Syndicate of *1923 founded Syndicate of Revolutionary Mexican PaintersRevolutionary Mexican Painters
--National Prepatory School & --National Prepatory School & other other
prominent buildingsprominent buildings
*Deeply entrenched in labor *Deeply entrenched in labor activities, unions & Mexican activities, unions & Mexican Communist PartyCommunist Party
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David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros
*1930’s jailed and internal exiled*1930’s jailed and internal exiled --politically themed lithographs--politically themed lithographs
*1936-1939 commanded several *1936-1939 commanded several brigades during Spanish Civil brigades during Spanish Civil WarWar
--rose to lieutenant colonel--rose to lieutenant colonel
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David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros
*1940 led an assassination *1940 led an assassination attack on Leon Trotsky’s attack on Leon Trotsky’s househouse
*1947 exhibited 70 easel *1947 exhibited 70 easel paintings at Palacio de Bellas paintings at Palacio de Bellas Artes in MexicoArtes in Mexico
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David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros
TrotskyTrotsky
househouse
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David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros
*1948-1956 painted most *1948-1956 painted most famous muralsfamous murals
*1959 jailed by President *1959 jailed by President Adolfo Lopez Mateos for Adolfo Lopez Mateos for supporting leaders of supporting leaders of railroad workers unionrailroad workers union
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David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros
*1964 released from jail*1964 released from jail
--partisan of international --partisan of international MarxismMarxism
--supporter of Castro--supporter of Castro
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David Alfaro David Alfaro SiqueirosSiqueiros
*1964-1974 set up workshop *1964-1974 set up workshop in Cuernavacain Cuernavaca
----The March of HumanityThe March of Humanity**1966 awarded Lenin Peace 1966 awarded Lenin Peace PrizePrize
**died January 6, 1974died January 6, 1974
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Mexico ~ Ministry of Mexico ~ Ministry of EducationEducation
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RevolutionRevolution
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Chuahtemoc Chuahtemoc RessurectedRessurected
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New DemocracyNew Democracy
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Peasant MotherPeasant Mother
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Mujer en la carcelMujer en la carcel
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Fuga (Escape)Fuga (Escape)
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Paisaje ExplosivePaisaje Explosive
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Jesusito Sera un Jesusito Sera un SantoSanto
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Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo
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Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*Born in Oaxaca, Mexico *Born in Oaxaca, Mexico 18991899
*Zapotecan Indians *Zapotecan Indians
--Orphaned by 1911--Orphaned by 1911
--Lived with aunt in --Lived with aunt in
Mexico CityMexico City
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Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*1917 entered Escuela *1917 entered Escuela Nacional de Bellas ArtesNacional de Bellas Artes
--experimented with cubism, --experimented with cubism,
impressionism and impressionism and fauvism but fauvism but
mixed with Mexican feelmixed with Mexican feel
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Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*Painted traditional Mexico*Painted traditional Mexico*Refusal to follow political *Refusal to follow political trend of Rivera, Orozco & trend of Rivera, Orozco & Siqueiros labeled him a Siqueiros labeled him a traitortraitor
*1926 traveled to New York *1926 traveled to New York to express his art freelyto express his art freely
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Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*1929 returned to Mexico for solo *1929 returned to Mexico for solo art show met with considerable art show met with considerable media coverage & praisemedia coverage & praise
**MixografiaMixografia – artwork printed on – artwork printed on paper but with depth and paper but with depth and texturetexture
*Painted murals*Painted murals
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Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*1937-1949 moved to New *1937-1949 moved to New York with wife OlgaYork with wife Olga
--gained credibility in many --gained credibility in many gallery gallery
showsshows
*still haunted by political *still haunted by political differences & controversydifferences & controversy
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Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*Style expresses influence of *Style expresses influence of Picasso,Picasso,
Braque, Expressionism and Braque, Expressionism and AbstractionAbstraction
*Delicate in design, warmly *Delicate in design, warmly subtle in coloration, symbolicsubtle in coloration, symbolic
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Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*work shows pre-*work shows pre-Columbian influences in Columbian influences in references to religion references to religion where gods have human where gods have human & animal characteristics& animal characteristics
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Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*1949-1959 moved to Paris*1949-1959 moved to Paris
*1959 returned to Oaxaca, Mexico*1959 returned to Oaxaca, Mexico --built Museo Rufino Tamayo--built Museo Rufino Tamayo
*1988 won Belisario Dominguez *1988 won Belisario Dominguez Medal Medal
of Honorof Honor
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Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*died June 24, 1991 of stroke*died June 24, 1991 of stroke
*1970 painting *1970 painting Tres Tres PersonajesPersonajes bought bought
in 1977 by Houston man as in 1977 by Houston man as a gift for his wifea gift for his wife
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Rufino TamayoRufino Tamayo*1987 *1987 Tres PersonajesTres Personajes stolen stolen
from storage unitfrom storage unit*2003 *2003 Tres PersonajesTres Personajes found in found in
trash in New York City by trash in New York City by Elizabeth GibsonElizabeth Gibson
*2007 Gibson received $15,000 *2007 Gibson received $15,000 reward and part of $1,049,000 reward and part of $1,049,000 auction sales priceauction sales price
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The Fruit The Fruit VendorVendor
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LandscapeLandscape
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Tres PersonjaesTres Personjaes
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Dos FigurasDos Figuras
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TrovadorTrovador
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El Comedor de El Comedor de SandiasSandias
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America (Mural)America (Mural)
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Luna y SolLuna y Sol
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Mujer SonrienteMujer Sonriente
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Cabeza con Cabeza con SombreroSombrero