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Laser scanning software solutions

Laser Scanning Specification

<COMPANY> Visual Surveys [Laser]

LFM-TR-003-001-DOC-R1 Prepared for: <COMPANY> <PROJECT>

Revision: 0.2

Prepared By: <NAME> Issue Date: <ISSUE_DATE>


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REVISION LOG

Date Revision Description of Revision Author Reviewed Approved

14/04/2015 0.1 Initial creation of document NC JC GF

14/02/2017 0.2 Modified to include LFM 4.4 deliverables

NC JC GF

DOCUMENT REFERENCES

Document Number Description

N/A <COMPANY> Survey Stations List

LFM-HG-441-1 LFM Gateway Mode – Data Preparation & Registration

LFM-HG-441-2 LFM Gateway Mode – LFM Server Generation Guide

LFM-HG-441-3 LFM NetView Project Publishing Guide


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Disclaimer

All information contained in this document, with respect to LFM Software Ltd products and use, is given by LFM Software Ltd without warranty. LFM Software Ltd disclaims any and all warranties and conditions, expressed or implied, to the fullest extent permitted by law. Neither the author, LFM Software Ltd nor AVEVA Solutions Limited, shall be liable to any person or entity for any actions, loss or damage arising from its use or possession of any information, claims, particulars, or errors in this publication, or incorrect use of the product or work practices, whatsoever.

Trademarks

LFM, BubbleView and InfiniteCore are trademarks of LFM Software Ltd in the UK. Unauthorised use of these trademarks and any associated logos are strictly forbidden. The copyright, trademark rights, or other intellectual property rights in any other product, its name or logo belongs to its respective owner. AVEVA product/software names are trademarks or registered trademarks of AVEVA Solutions Limited or its subsidiaries and are registered in the UK, Europe and other countries worldwide. The copyright, trademark rights and other intellectual property rights in any other product referred into this specification are done so under licence from the respective owner. Unauthorised use of any of the trademarks contained in this manual is strictly forbidden.

Copyright

Copyright and all other intellectual property rights in this document and the associated software, and all constituent parts of it, including but not limited to: computer source code, object code, any data contained in it, the user manual and any other additional documentation supplied, belongs to AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries. All other rights are reserved to LFM Software Ltd. The information contained in this document is commercially sensitive, and shall not be copied, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted without the prior written permission of LFM Software Ltd and <COMPANY>. Where such permission is granted, it expressly requires that this Disclaimer and Copyright notice is prominently displayed at the beginning of every copy that is made. The specification and associated documentation may not be adapted, reproduced, or copied, in any material or electronic form, without the prior written permission of LFM Software Ltd. The LFM Software Ltd products described in this document are to be installed and operated strictly in accordance with the terms and conditions of the respective licence agreements, and in accordance with the relevant user documentation. Unauthorised or unlicensed use of the product is strictly prohibited. First published in 2015. This revision published in 2017. © AVEVA Solutions Limited and its subsidiaries 2013 to current year. LFM Software Ltd, 5 Avocado Court, Commerce Way, Trafford Park, Manchester, M17 1HW, UK. Visit our website at http://www.lfm-software.com.

http://www.lfm-software.com/


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REVISION LOG .................................................................................................................... 3

DOCUMENT REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 3

Disclaimer ........................................................................................................ 4

Trademarks ...................................................................................................... 4

Copyright ......................................................................................................... 4

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 9

GENERAL ............................................................................................................................. 9

1.0 - DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................... 9

1.0.1 - Laser Scan Service Provider ................................................................... 9

1.0.2 - Laser Scan ............................................................................................. 9

1.0.3 - Laser Scan Data................................................................................... 10

1.0.4 - Scan Registration ................................................................................ 10

1.0.5 - Visual Survey ...................................................................................... 10

1.0.6 – Instrumentation .................................................................................. 10

1.0.7 - Reference Monument .......................................................................... 10

1.0.8 - Reference Survey Control .................................................................... 10

1.0.9 - Target Registration ............................................................................. 10

1.0.10 - Industry Standards ............................................................................ 10

1.1 - SAFETY ...................................................................................................... 11

1.2 - LOGISTICS ................................................................................................. 11

1.3 - SCOPE ....................................................................................................... 11

1.3.1 Description of Use ................................................................................. 11

1.3.2 - Required Documentation ..................................................................... 11

1.4 - SECURITY .................................................................................................. 12

1.5 - METHOD & QUALITY STATEMENTS ............................................................. 12

1.6 - RISK ASSESMENT ....................................................................................... 12

1.7 - SITE........................................................................................................... 13

1.7.1- Location ............................................................................................... 13

1.7.2 - Visual Survey Site Limits ...................................................................... 13


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1.8 - SCAN HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 13

1.8.1 - Calibration .......................................................................................... 13

1.9 - PROPOSAL SUBMITTALS ............................................................................. 13

2.0 - EXECUTION ............................................................................................... 14

2.1 - LAYOUT OF LASER SCAN STATIONS ........................................................... 14

2.1.1 - Area Definitions .................................................................................. 14

2.1.2 - Navigation Plot Plan ............................................................................ 15

2.1.3 - Laser Scan Stations – Field Identification ............................................. 15

2.2 - TARGETING ............................................................................................... 15

2.2.1 - Placement ........................................................................................... 16

2.2.2 - Client Specific Targets ......................................................................... 16

2.2.3 - Surveyed Targets ................................................................................ 16

2.3 - REFERENCE CONTROL SURVEY ................................................................... 17

2.3.1 - Reference Control Monuments ............................................................ 17

2.3.2 – Reference Survey Control Network Adjustment .................................... 17

2.3.3 - Elevation of Scan Data ......................................................................... 18

2.4 – LASER SCANNING....................................................................................... 18

2.4.1 - Scope .................................................................................................. 18

2.4.2 - Coverage ............................................................................................ 18

2.4.3 – Pointcloud Density .............................................................................. 19

2.4.4 – Data Storage ....................................................................................... 19

2.5 - QUALITY ASSURANCE / QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC) ................................. 19

2.5.1 -<SITE> Survey Team ............................................................................ 19

2.5.2 - Laser Scan Service Provider ................................................................. 20

3.0 - DELIVERABLES ........................................................................................... 20

3.1 – LASER DATASET & 3D MODEL ALIGNMENT ................................................. 20

3.2 – REGISTERED SCAN DATA REQUIREMENTS ................................................... 20

3.3 - LASER SCAN PROCESSING .......................................................................... 21


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3.3.1 – Survey Contractor Software Solution .................................................... 22

3.3.2 – LFM Software Suite .............................................................................. 22

3.4 - LASER SCAN SOFTWARE FORMAT REQUIREMENTS ...................................... 23

3.5 – SOURCE SCAN DATA DELIVERY .................................................................. 24

3.6 – CAD VENDOR COMPATIBILITY .................................................................... 25

3.7 - NAVIGATION PLANS................................................................................... 25

3.8 - REFERENCE MONUMENT PLAN ................................................................... 25

3.9 - REPORTS ................................................................................................... 26

4.0 - ACCURACY ................................................................................................ 26

4.0.1 - HORIZONTAL SURVEY CONTROL .......................................................... 27

4.0.2 - VERTICAL SURVEY CONTROL ............................................................... 27

4.1 - SCAN REGISTRATION ................................................................................. 27

4.2 - TOLERANCES ............................................................................................. 27

4.3 – OVERALL ACCRACY ................................................................................... 28

4.3.1 – MEASURED POINT ACCURACY (LASER SCANNER) .................................. 28

4.3.2 – QA VERIFICATION (3D & BUBBLEVIEW ANYSYS) ..................................... 29

APPENDIX A – Data Processing Workflow ............................................................ 30

APPENDIX B – QA Feedback & Records ................................................................ 31

APPENDIX C - Laser Scan Field Record – Target Location & Range ...................... 32


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INTRODUCTION

LFM Software Limited* have created this ‘generic’ specification as a guide, with the expectation that it may be used by customers as a discussion document when defining their own laser scanning services specification. This document may be edited/adapted to suit the needs of the company wishing to receive laser scanning services. Site specific regulations and work practices; safety considerations; survey hardware; accuracy expectations; quality reporting; deliverables etc., may differ depending on the needs of the company, project, and industry sector. These should be prime considerations when specifying project work to contracting companies, as safety and costs can be materially affected if ill defined. A laser scanning specification will also ensure consistent deliveries of laser scanned data from different laser services companies.

* An AVEVA Group PLC Company.

Scope of this document is to: Establish the data standards, workflows and site best practice and to enable the integration of recorded laser measurement data into <COMPANY>’s Engineering/Design/Review tools. This document illustrates a recommended laser scanning specification which identifies site working practices and project deliverables. The specification can be developed further by <COMPANY> when formal specification of works is drafted.

GENERAL

1.0 - DEFINITIONS

1.0.1 - Laser Scan Service Provider

Shall mean the firm or corporation who shall execute the visual survey (laser scan), performs field execution work (whether subcontracted or not), creates and delivers the visual survey deliverable and provide all services adjunct thereto.

1.0.2 - Laser Scan

The dimensional control technology that is used to capture the visual survey information. The technology utilises a high speed laser measurement mapping device (laser scanner) to collect measurement and intensity information, which generates the visual image that is used for engineering design, fabrication inspection and construction verification.


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1.0.3 - Laser Scan Data

The output information from the laser scan device. The output information can vary in size and volume based upon the laser scan technology and project requirements.

1.0.4 - Scan Registration

The process of how the laser scan data is tied back to the site survey control system.

1.0.5 - Visual Survey

The generated deliverable that is created by the process of using the laser scanning technology to collect measurement and visual information, and then registering this information together using industrial survey methods. This visual survey network will then be tied back to a plant or arbitrary coordinate system so that every laser measurement point in the visual survey will be relative to that coordinate system.

1.0.6 – Instrumentation

The Total Station is an optical instrument that combines the angle-measuring capabilities of an electronic transit (theodolite) with an electronic distance-measuring device (EDM). With this device, the angle and distance from the instrument to a point can be determined. The angle and distance measurements are used to calculate the actual positions (x, y, and z or northing, easting and elevation) of surveyed points in absolute terms. Depending on the model, the total station may incorporate reflectorless functions to measure objects without the use of targets. With the use of surveying prisms or reflective sheet targets, higher precision, longer-range measurements can be taken.

1.0.7 - Reference Monument

The physical fixed reference coordinate point that is either established by the client, or an arbitrary physical point that is defined that the reference survey control will be tied to.

1.0.8 - Reference Survey Control

The foundation for which the laser scan data is registered to. The reference survey control is established by surveying all targets used to register the laser scan data, which is then tied to a permanent or temporary reference monument(s) that identify the horizontal (northing, easting) coordinate and vertical (elevation) position.

1.0.9 - Target Registration

The registration method of how the laser scan data ties back to the reference survey control.

1.0.10 - Industry Standards

All laser scanners and laser measurement devices will comply with the International Electrotechnical Commission standard: IEC 60825-1 Ed. 1.2 en:2001 Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide.


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1.1 - SAFETY

The laser scan service provider shall provide a Safety Plan with the proposal submittal that clearly defines the safety procedures for all executed tasks that will ensure the safety of all personnel executing work at the site facility and buildings. This project specification is based upon standard industrial survey practices.

1.2 - LOGISTICS

The laser scan service provider shall provide an equipment manifest for all site scanning activities. This should be presented to all interested parties upon entering the site. Access is provided to floor level only. If required, the supplier shall provide their own scaffold, extending tripods etc. Hazards and hazard mitigation will be identified on the Risk Assessment, and necessary permissions sought from the site representative prior to commencement of works.

1.3 - SCOPE

This specification defines requirements for field data acquisition using laser scan technology and the generation of associated deliverables.

1.3.1 Description of Use

The field laser scanning technology will serve as a basis to support project work by all the construction, engineering and operations disciplines. The data collected will be used for conceptual design, design verification, interference detection and equipment verification. The deliverables form part of the overall site documentation and may be used to demonstrate construction and operation compliance to all regulatory bodies and stakeholders.

1.3.2 - Required Documentation

<COMPANY> is responsible for providing all necessary drawing(s) and site documentation to allow the survey team to identify the required scan areas and survey monument points to allow successful completion of site works. Additionally, any photographic records would be beneficial and will be forwarded if available. Critical tie-in points will be identified on the documentation and their required point cloud density established. Note: These will also be highlighted on the introductory walk through with all parties.


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1.4 - SECURITY

The laser scan service provider shall comply with the requirements of the security conditions established by the site owner. Depending on security, protection and confidentiality of the <SITE> site, these requirements may be enforced:

All survey data will be marked as “OFFICIAL” and accordingly PROTECTED, the data and any associated images will be confidential to <COMPANY> and the laser scan service provider will not be able to or allowed to divulge this and any data to any third party without the explicit written approval of <COMPANY>.

All data shall be removed from Scanning Equipment before such equipment is removed from site.

The scanning devices utilised shall remain on site throughout the process and be secured following scanning daily. It is envisaged that all scanning equipment and data storage devices will be secured within the designated site Supervising Officers office.

All data captured shall be transferred to computing equipment using cables. No USB sticks to be used.

On completion of the commission, all data will be transferred to <COMPANY> and deleted from non-<COMPANY> machines, equipment and storage devices.

The facility is within the <SITE_DESCRIPTION> site. As such, the laser scan service provider personnel will be required to obtain the appropriate security passes and to attend and comply with corresponding SL induction training. The laser scan service provider will also be required to attend and comply with any local facility induction training.

1.5 - METHOD & QUALITY STATEMENTS

The supplier shall produce Method & Quality Statements prior to attending site and submit for <COMPANY> approval.

1.6 - RISK ASSESMENT

The supplier shall produce Risk Assessments prior to attending site and submit for <COMPANY> approval.


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1.7 - SITE

1.7.1- Location

<COMPANY> will be responsible for defining the location of the proposed area where laser scanning will be performed. Site preliminary scope is: - <AREA_N>

- <AREA_N>

1.7.2 - Visual Survey Site Limits

The site limits, which define the location where laser scanning will be performed, will be defined prior to the visual survey execution taking place. <COMPANY> will be responsible for providing the necessary documentation that defines the site limits, and the areas within the site that require the visual survey work using the laser scan technology. This will be confirmed during the project start-up meeting with the <SITE> Survey Team.

1.8 - SCAN HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

All laser scan data will be collected using high speed, high resolution laser scanning equipment. The scanning collection range should be between 0.3 and 150 metres, and the data acquisition rate should exceed 250K/sec. The scanner field of view should offer 360 deg. horizontal, and 310 deg. vertical capture. This will offer approximately 10K x 4.5K measurement pixels. The scanning equipment must have the capability to incorporate colour. For colour scans, the subcontractor must ensure proper lighting in dark areas when laser scans are being collected. All data will be collected using a laser scanning device capable of meeting the requirements of the project. The scanner model will need to be approved by the client, and will be clearly identified in any project submissions.

1.8.1 - Calibration

All laser scanners and laser measurement devices shall be calibrated prior to any work beginning. Evidence of the calibration will be required with the survey deliverables.

1.9 - PROPOSAL SUBMITTALS

The laser scan service provider shall submit the following to the Sub-Contract Administrator prior to any work begin:

Names and qualifications of personnel assigned to work.

Execution plan per contract documents.

List of services available.

Estimated lump sum cost of work.

Specify estimated number of scans per area.


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Unit labour rates.

Schedule of work.

Certificate of insurance.

Safety plan.

Quality assurance plan.

Available resources (additional crews, laser scanners, etc…).

2.0 - EXECUTION

The capture and storage of a digital representation of an asset, and the production of geometrically accurate and detailed models depends primarily on the care which is taken during the scanning process. It is beyond the scope of this document to cover this subject completely, but a brief outline is provided. There are several methods that can be employed in support of this objective, but <COMPANY> has mandated a verified workflow outlined in this document. Service providers should demonstrate compliance to this specification by detailing the proposed work practices prior to commencement of site survey works (Section 1.5). <COMPANY> have developed area definition nomenclature to describe the location of an item or work zone on site. This is essential for the asset owners, prime and sub-contractors to effectively document and communicate construction and operating requirements effectively. This approach will be adopted for all laser scanning activities on site. The <SITE_DESCRIPTION> site also has a network of primary and secondary survey monuments. All survey work will adopt the mandated coordinate system, and survey contractors must demonstrate overall project accuracy to the <SITE> network. For locations where many viewpoints have to be scanned, it is mandated that a high accuracy Total Station theodolite be used in conjunction with the laser scanner. This will be used to measure a network of temporary laser scanner targets which will be recorded in each of the scenes, and which allow the accurate location of the 3D images from the scanner in the site coordinate framework.

2.1 - LAYOUT OF LASER SCAN STATIONS

2.1.1 - Area Definitions

Prior to the visual survey (laser scan) work being executed, the <COMPANY> Survey Team and laser scan service provider will meet to define and identify the laser scan areas, and define how the scan data will be organised. Naming conventions will also be defined for scan stations on the project prior to execution. There should be a relation between the scan numbering and the area/level where they were taken. e.g. AREA_NAME_LG_001.xxx or BUILDING_AreaX_001.xxx


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This will be clarified/documented by both <COMPANY> and the laser scan service provider prior to any laser scan work taking place.

2.1.2 - Navigation Plot Plan

<COMPANY> will provide the laser scan service provider with plot plans, or area plan drawings to be used as a navigation plan to locate laser scan station positions. Please ensure that North orientation of the plot plan and North orientation in 3D- model are in line. If plot plans, or area plan drawings are not available, then the laser scan service provider will need to generate a basic plot plan drawing from laser scan data. The laser scan service provider will identify scan stations on the navigation plan with a graphic symbol, and a station number identifier that can easily be referenced back to the scan name.

2.1.3 - Laser Scan Stations – Field Identification

If the asset owner permits, scan station locations will be identified in the field with survey marker paint, survey chalk, tape or an adhesive target with the station name.

Scan Station Verification and Approval Prior to the laser scan service provider executing laser scan work, the client may review the proposed scan station setups to ensure the depth of capture meets the requirements stated and to highlight key points of interest. Final responsibility for scan location is solely with the laser scanning contractor. It is incumbent on the contractor to position and operate the scanning equipment at suitable locations to meet the requirements of the project deliverables with respect to coverage, density, and accuracy.

2.2 - TARGETING

<COMPANY> will only accept laser scan deliverables that have been registered together using target registration. All targets used for registering the laser scan data to the reference survey control will be surveyed. All targets that are placed in the field will remain until completion of the works, and should be numbered unless otherwise specified. The service provider should seek permission prior to removal of the targets, but must be prepared to reinstate the site as it was prior to survey works commencing. Project activity may require immediate removal of targets from the scene, and this will be relayed to the scanning personnel by the client representative at the project start-up meeting. Targeting layout should be appropriate to the circumstances encountered on the project. The survey contractor must ensure that the targeting is sufficient to satisfy the project delivery requirements. Target sets should be commercial grade items that meet or exceed the laser scanning equipment manufacturer specifications.


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Where commercial survey grade targets are not available, the template Laser Survey Target sample (Appendix C) can be used by written confirmation from <COMPANY>. Size, shape and grey scale values on the target template should not be changed, and targets should be produced using black and white laser printers. All targets should be uniquely numbered. The target template in .docx format is available from <COMPANY> on request. Targets that are not checkerboard can be used, but this must be by prior agreement with the <COMPANY>’s site representative. Additional QA constraints may be requested due the need to remove and reposition these type of targets.

2.2.1 - Placement

The laser scan service provider will need to consider the placement of targets for the purpose of registering scan stations to the reference survey control. The placement of scan targets on structural members and equipment needs to be centred as close as possible. A working recommendation of 6 targets equally picked around the perimeter of the scan is desirable. A minimum of four (4) surveyed targets per scan is required, and positioned correctly to ensure good spatial geometry. Spherical; hemispherical; or flat laser scanning targets may be used on site, if meeting the Laser Scanner manufacturer’s requirements with respect to surface finish and operation. When using flat ‘checkerboard’ type targets, these should be laid out to be directly facing the intended scan position. Targets wrapped around curved (piping) surfaces may lead to inaccurate registration results and should be avoided. Similarly, targets scanned at acute angles will also potentially adversely affect accuracy. All project targets should be secured sufficiently to ensure that there is no risk of movement in either the scanning phase, or subsequent measurement by the Total Station. Targeting should be equally spaced around the perimeter of the scan, with height variation wherever possible. Scans with insufficient constraints will not be accepted by the client. Building facades and long range scans must have targets locations suited to the increased range of interest.

2.2.2 - Client Specific Targets

If required, the laser scan vendor will provide <COMPANY> with a number series of targets that will be used for <COMPANY> specific needs.

2.2.3 - Surveyed Targets

All placed targets will be surveyed ensuring that the completed Total Station survey accuracy is sufficient to meet the specifications for project delivery (4.0). The survey will be consolidated and geo-referenced using survey adjustment post processing software which uses least Squared Adjustment best practices.


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The survey control, target survey, and survey reports are project deliverables.

2.3 - REFERENCE CONTROL SURVEY

The reference control survey will be based upon site monuments given by the <SITE> Survey Team. The contractor will verify the accuracy of the coordinate listing, before completing survey works. Any discrepancies found should be discussed with the <SITE> Survey Team. This survey is of crucial importance to successful project delivery, and all the laser scanned data will be registered to this. Reference survey inaccuracies will lead to a non-compliant project delivery.

2.3.1 - Reference Control Monuments

<COMPANY> will specify which plant reference control monuments should be measured to establish the reference survey control network, which will be used to tie the laser scan data back to. A minimum of three (3) reference control monuments are required, and each monument should be in line of site to at least one (1) of the other reference monuments.

All reference control monuments that are used as a basis of control for the laser scan data should be located around the perimeter of the area where the laser scan data is collected. <COMPANY> is responsible for identifying which reference control monument will be used to hold the horizontal position (Northing-Easting, X-Y) for the survey control network.www.lfm-software.com

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Prior to the survey execution, the laser scan service provider will check the identified plant reference monuments to ensure that the monuments are correct. If the reference control monuments do not comply with the <COMPANY> accuracy requirements, then the service provider will stop survey execution and notify the <SITE> Survey Team to resolve the discrepancy prior to scanning. If no plant reference monuments are available, the service provider will need to establish temporary reference monuments in close proximity to where the laser scan data is being collected. The location of the temporary reference monuments will need to be placed in concrete, or another suitable structure, and in an area where no demolition or excavation will occur. All reference monuments will need to be clearly identified, and approved by the <SITE> Survey Team. All reference monuments established for this project shall remain in situ. These should be discretely placed on walls and major structural items. The coordinates of these will be a project deliverable, with the intention that they will aid future laser scan activities in the same area.

2.3.2 – Reference Survey Control Network Adjustment

The laser scan service provider is required to use a least squares adjustment on the


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survey control network. This ensures a tight network of target coordinates is available to use in the registration process. The results of the adjustment with standard deviations on the control points shall be a project deliverable.

2.3.3 - Elevation of Scan Data

<COMPANY> is required to provide the laser scan service provider with a reference elevation to start from prior to the execution of the laser scan and survey. If an elevation is not provided, then the laser scan service provider will use the elevation from the reference control monument that is used to define the horizontal position.

2.4 – LASER SCANNING The objective of the survey is to obtain sufficient 3D data to be captured to support construction or modification work being carried out, and to provide an accurate ‘as-operated’ record of the plant areas. The data needs to be captured at high resolution around general and particular equipment. This may be reduced by agreement in areas that do not warrant high detail scanning (e.g. excavations and topographical detail). The survey will allow Design & Planning Engineers to produce accurate 'as built' models, or take measurements, and review new designs against existing conditions within their own CAD packages. The survey will additionally be used by operations and management staff to remotely view and interact with the evolving ‘Digital Asset’.

2.4.1 - Scope

All facility/building/area walls and structural equipment.

All piping [> ¾”].

Project tie-in points. [Identified by <COMPANY> representative].

Equipment.

Electrical items.

HVAC.

Instrumentation.

Culverts; Sewers; and permanent waterways.

Temporary roads.

Topographical details.

Excavations.

Embedded elements; Plates

Penetrations, doors, and openings.

2.4.2 - Coverage

Piping: > 95% Structural Items: > 90% Equipment: > 80% General: >75% Pipe racks: care must be taken to ensure sufficient coverage when multi-levelled or piping obscured.


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The stated coverage is essential to allow engineering staff to utilise the laser survey within 3D laser scan, CAD/plant design and review/management software. Where this scope cannot be reasonably met, this should be discussed with the <COMPANY> representative and agreement sought to ensure compliance with the services contract. Typical restrictions may include - but are not restricted to: Hazardous substances or gases; site restricted areas; temporary scaffolding; 3rd party work activities; working at height required; etc.

2.4.3 – Pointcloud Density

The density of the pointcloud is important within CAD. The minimum requirement for measured point spacing will differ dependent on the object being measured. The survey services company will meet the density requirements below where practicable. If these cannot be achieved, this should be highlighted to the client prior to survey works.

Piping: <3mm

Project tie-in points [Identified by <COMPANY> representative]: <2mm

Equipment: <3mm

Embedded elements. Plates, penetrations, doors and openings: <3mm

All facility/building/area walls and structural equipment: <5mm

Electrical items: <3mm

HVAC: <5mm

Instrumentation: <2mm

Culverts; Sewers; and permanent waterways: <10mm

Temporary and permanent roads: <10mm

Excavations: <15mm

2.4.4 – Data Storage

Further to the security (section - 1.4 Security) requirements, two copies of the data should be stored following capture. This is to mitigate risks due to equipment damage/failure prior to making the deliverables. Both copies of the data shall be controlled under the terms detailed in 1.4.

2.5 - QUALITY ASSURANCE / QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC)

2.5.1 -<SITE> Survey Team

A <SITE> Survey Team representative may oversee and ensure quality control is met during the field execution of the laser scan data collection effort. This includes scan station layout, target placement and scan reviews after each scan has been collected.


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2.5.2 - Laser Scan Service Provider

The laser scan service provider shall provide a Quality Assurance / Quality Control plan with the proposal submittal that clearly defines the Quality Assurance / Quality Control procedures for all executed tasks in the field and office that ensures the quality of the final deliverable.

3.0 - DELIVERABLES When a single scan is taken using the Laser Scanner, the measured 3D co-ordinates are in a local reference frame and are relative to the centre of the scanner mirror. Prior to viewing, it is first necessary to transform the laser scanned image into the site co-ordinate frame; this image ‘registration’ is central to all <CUSTOMER> project deliverables. The registration results to the field target survey should be of high quality and <CUSTOMER> will expect QA evidence to form part of the overall project deliverables. The survey objective is to deliver high resolution laser scan data to engineering staff with the highest accuracy and coverage that is practicable. The survey practices mandated in this document will provide an extremely accurate network of project targets that will be used to control the position of each of the laser scans in turn. Each individual scan will be registered to the survey using the targets that are visible within that scanned image. While only three targets are needed to perform a 3D transformation, there is an expectation of sufficient target redundancy – where additional targets will further refine the positional accuracy. Following the registration process, a detailed QA report (APPENDIX B) will be generated which forms part of the project deliverables.

The deliverables listed (3.3) will offer immediate compatibility with AVEVA and other supported software suites. Furthermore, they will be archived in a form suited to transfer formats for archive purposes (3.4).

3.1 – LASER DATASET & 3D MODEL ALIGNMENT

The laser scan service provider must ensure that the 3D model coordinate system and survey coordinate system are matching. The client will not be liable for additional fees should the dataset need repositioning and/or rotating. It is the responsibility of the laser scan services contractor to agree and demonstrate a clear understanding of the deliverable coordinate system, and should liaise with the client to ensure that the data delivery meets the project requirements.

3.2 – REGISTERED SCAN DATA REQUIREMENTS All laser scans will be registered to the reference survey control and have their individual file headers updated with the registration transforms following QA. Target registration will be the only accepted registration method. <COMPANY> would prefer the complete project to be


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registered together; however, if the scan project is too large then the scan registration can be broken into sub-projects, but the laser scan service provider will have to receive <COMPANY> approval prior to executing the work. All scans will be tied back to reference control monuments (permanent or temporary) that have been approved by <COMPANY>. The <SITE> Survey Team will verify that the scan data was registered, and that it meets the scan registration accuracy requirements defined in section 4.3.

3.3 - LASER SCAN PROCESSING The laser scan point cloud will be used in a range of Engineering, Design and Review tools. It is essential that <COMPANY> is not restricted to a single solution and, as such, the processing methods should be compatible with current leading laser scan hardware, CAD/review software and operations tools. This means that survey companies do not have to operate a prescribed scanning system to deliver projects to <COMPANY>, so long as the hardware meets the requirements outlined in 1.8. At the time of publication, LFM Software will accept data from Leica, FARO, RIEGL, Trimble and Z+F (Terrestrial) scanning systems. Additionally, data from hand-held and airborne devices can all be utilised within LFM's unique technology alongside the more traditional static scanner data. LFM is designed to work with data from even the highest-resolution scanner. LFM Server enables users to work with datasets of unlimited size and exploit photorealistic, 360° BubbleViews™ that are always linked back to the 3D points. It is a <COMPANY> requirement that the laser scan point cloud deliverable is neutral when used with CAD software. The mandated project deliverables will display laser data inside Autodesk, AVEVA, Bentley, Intergraph and Siemens software suites. Each CAD link has a dedicated toolset to allow the user to efficiently interact with the point cloud. For compatibility and interoperability outside of these CAD systems the deliverables should be able to be exported in the following formats:

3rd Party Software File Types

Transfer Format ASTM *.e57

Leica & Others *.PTX (single file per terrestrial scan location)

Autodesk ReCap *.RCP

<COMPANY> will share a single copy of the data on a centralised file server or network storage. The deliverables will be maintained to track the current state of <SITE> and will be


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modified to reflect current site conditions. The management of the deliverables in this way will provide a trusted source of point cloud data which will be kept up-to-date as a living digital asset. Data will be demolished (removed) from the deliverables, and new – changed conditions brought in to chart the evolution of the site from conception and construction thorough to operation and decommissioning. Laser scan software should enable the point cloud to be tracked and managed in this manner. For further information about LFM Software please review the documentation and case studies at: www.lfm-software.com

3.3.1 – Survey Contractor Software Solution

There are numerous scanning systems on the market, and many come with registration software. Laser scanning contractors may use their own software solution to provide deliverables to <COMPANY>, but the final deliverables must be as prescribed in section 3.3. LFM can accept ‘pre-registered’ laser scans and process into the final deliverables. Where this approach is adopted, the QA deliverables must meet the standards defined in this document due to not being produced from within LFM. Upon conversion, LFM will take their respective transforms stored in the file headers as the true project location and orientation. Note: <COMPANY> will not accept deliverables that have been processed into a proprietary point cloud format, without the source laser scans and associated registration transforms, unless it is able to export in ASTM .e57.

3.3.2 – LFM Software Suite

LFM has the capability to convert all common (un-registered) laser scans and register against a Total Station survey. A comprehensive set of tools offer semi-automatic registration, adjustment, and full QA feedback to the user. Where needed there is also Inter-cloud registration and manipulation tools available. Following this process, the user can finalise the deliverables as described in the Dataset Generation & NetView Publishing documents described below. Producing LFM deliverables: LFM-HG-430-1 - LFM Gateway Mode - Data Preparation and Registration v4.3.pdf LFM-HG-430-2 - LFM Gateway Mode - LFM Server Dataset Generation Guide v4.3.pdf LFM-HG-430-3 - LFM NetView Project Publishing Guide.pdf Workflow & LFM software requirements: LFM-BS-001 - Laser Scan to E3D Workflow.pdf [FARO specific – Contact LFM for alternative hardware] Please see APPENDIX A for a diagram that illustrates conditioning lase scan data.

http://www.lfm-software.com/


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For additional information on producing LFM deliverables please contact: [email protected]

3.4 - LASER SCAN SOFTWARE FORMAT REQUIREMENTS

All deliverable scan data must work with the LFM Software suite version 4.2 or higher, so that the full capabilities of LFM NetView 4.1* and LFM Server 4.4* are available. Also the full functionality of all supported LFM CAD interfaces is available to users. * Or later. LFM Server CAD interfaces:

AVEVA Everything 3D; PDMS; Marine Outfitting; AVEVA Review.

Intergraph PDS; SmartPlant3D; Smart3D; SmartPlant Review.

Autodesk AutoCAD*; Navisworks (Manage/Simulate); Revit.

Bentley MicroStation*

Siemens Walkinside * And derivatives. The following deliverables are required:

Product Data Format

Comments

LFM Server >4.4 series Coloured deliverable. Note: Care must be taken with colourised scans to ensure consistent lighting conditions between all the scans. This may require supplementary lighting in dark plant areas. LFM Server dataset and associated files that work with the LFM Server software (*.lfm, *.lfd & .int files). Points files: .points; common; freespace. BubbleViews: .int - both quality types (standard & enhanced) HyperBubble Resources: .dt2; .dds. GenerationData files: checkpoints; ReadData.lfd; ReadDataCreated.lfd; ReadDataCreatedSmall.lfd; seed.points; start.lfd.

LFM NetView >4.1 series A set of NetView project resources for self-hosting by <COMPANY>

Survey N/A Survey files: A full coordinate listing of all targets, temporary & permanent survey targets and monument points.

mailto:[email protected]


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3.4.1 - Naming conventions

File names and directory names should not contain spaces or special characters. Keep filename of LFD file as short as possible.

3.4.2 - General

All laser scans collected will use a high resolution (approximately 50 million points), full 360° coverage. The data should be recorded with Best Quality* settings where appropriate. * low noise setting.

3.5 – SOURCE SCAN DATA DELIVERY

By written approval, survey contractors can deliver data in different laser scan formats upon request. These must be in one of the supported formats listed below, and must be delivered as individual scans. Scans delivered in large ‘wrapper’ files are not acceptable due to their inherent extraction problems on standard computing equipment. These images should have the registration transforms stored in the file headers, and be in the agreed site/building coordinate system. Where it is impractical to deliver individual files in hardware vendors propriety laser scan formats, please use alternate transfer formats. E.g. ASTM E57. It is the responsibility of the supplier to verify that the files have the correct coordinate frame prior to delivery.

Hardware Vendor

Data Format

Comments

Z+F Laser ZFS [*.zfs]

Leica PTX [*.ptx]

PTZ [*.ptz]

Leica PRJ [*.PRJ] Requires Leica API Data Access licence: 807 280

FARO FLS [*.fls] FWS project files supported.

Riegl RXP [*.rxp] VLINE Scans. This requires the RSP control file to maintain registration.

Riegl 3DD [*.3dd]

Trimble TZF [*.tzf]

Dot Product DP [*.dp] Unstructured data No BubbleView Compatibility.


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PTX [*.ptx]

Various ASTM E57

[*.e57]

Various PTS [*.pts] Unstructured data No BubbleView Compatibility.

LFM ZFC [*.zfc]

LFC [*.lfc]

3.6 – CAD VENDOR COMPATIBILITY Laser data is intended for use with a range of Engineering, Design and Review tools. Project deliverables will display laser data inside Autodesk, AVEVA, Bentley, Intergraph and Siemens software suites. <COMPANY> may require the use of a ‘workshare’ or ‘global’ environment. Laser project deliverables should be compatible with this method of implementation.

3.7 - NAVIGATION PLANS

<COMPANY> requires the laser scan service provider to provide hard copy printouts, and electronic format drawings (MicroStation or AutoCAD) of navigation plot plans that identify the location of the scan station with a graphic representation, and the name of the scan. Target documentation shall also be delivered clearly showing the positional layout in relation to the scanner origin. Ideally these diagrams should illustrate the scanner in plan-view with a clock face (APPENDIX C) clock face to highlight the name, location, and range of targets laid out for each scan.

3.8 - REFERENCE MONUMENT PLAN

<COMPANY> requires the laser scan service provider to provide a hard copy printout, and electronic format drawing (MicroStation or AutoCAD) of the plot plan that identifies the location of the permanent and temporary reference control monuments. A symbol identifying the reference control monument, along with the monument name, and coordinate information (Northing, Easting, and Elevation) will be shown on the plot plan. * Reference monument plans (inclusive of all reference monuments used), to be stored in an object model (BIM requirement).


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3.9 - REPORTS

<COMPANY> requires the laser scan service provider to deliver a project summary report that states in detail how many days for the field execution it took to gather the project scan data; broken down into areas/rooms; how many office days it took to create the deliverables; report any safety related issues that occurred in the field; and additionally report any work stoppages due to inclement weather, site operating restrictions/conditions, or events that were outside the control of the service provider. In addition, the report will include the following information:

Deliverable Report Description

1. A detailed survey report including all network analysis output reports in electronic format

2. Survey coordinates of targets, and coordinate location of each laser scan position in excel spreadsheet format

3. Survey Total Station coordinate locations (Northing, Easting, Elevation) and the target numbers surveyed from the survey station in excel spreadsheet format

4. Laser scan station coordinate locations (Northing, Easting, Elevation) in MS Excel spreadsheet format

5. A project summary report documenting time worked, work delays, and names of individuals who were part of the field team

6. Laser scan calibration report

7. Total station calibration report

8. Detailed scan registration report

4.0 - ACCURACY Overall project accuracy can be influenced by many factors. Principally, these can be identified as hardware, software, work practices, the measured scene, and environmental factors.

Total Station accuracy – vertical/horizontal/range.

Targeting – type, location, range, angle of incidence.

Survey control techniques adopted, and post processing.

Laser Scanner accuracy – verticle/horizontal/range, and positioning.


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Registration – techniques.

Scene – range, capture angle, reflectance, materials, colour, texture, shape/edges.

Environmental – temperature & humidity. The laser scanning services contractor must comply with the overall project accuracy requirements within this specification. Hardware and work practices adopted must comply with the project requirements, and the survey contractor should inform the client where this is impracticable. Consideration should also be given to the data coverage and density requirements detailed in section 2.4.

4.0.1 - HORIZONTAL SURVEY CONTROL

The laser scan service provider will ensure the accuracy of horizontal measurements for the purpose of establishing horizontal survey control shall meet the requirements of a Third-Order, Class 1 classification, as defined by “Standards and Specifications for Geodetic Control Networks”, FGCC Table 2.1. Alternatively, <COMPANY>’s internal survey control standards may be used.

4.0.2 - VERTICAL SURVEY CONTROL

The laser scan service provide will ensure the accuracy of vertical measurements for the purpose of establishing horizontal survey control shall meet the requirements of a Third-order classification, as defined by “Standards and Specifications for Geodetic Control Networks”, FGCC Table 2.2. Alternatively, <COMPANY>’s internal survey control standards may be used.

4.1 - SCAN REGISTRATION

<COMPANY> requires the laser scan service provider to register each scan collected to the survey control. Target registration should demonstrate residuals no greater than 6mm. Scans registered with the minimum (4 off) number of targets should exhibit low residual errors following registration (<2mm).

4.2 - TOLERANCES

Measurement Activity Tolerance

Discreet point measurement ± 2mm

Survey ground elevations. ± 4mm

Measurements within the laser scan point cloud environment. ± 4mm

Laser scan registration network. ± 4mm

Topographical detail ± 8mm


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4.3 – OVERALL ACCRACY

Accuracy will be assessed by comparison of the delivered pointcloud with specific measured points within a Total Station survey, and also by statistical grouped pointcloud evaluation within the LFM software suite. Laser scan pointclouds often contain > 50 million points per scan. The scans are registered together from several adjacent locations to provide consolidated volumes of measured points. The <SITE> project areas will potentially contain several billion laser scanned measurements for use by the engineering disciplines within the LFM software suite. Upon enquiry, the individual measurements shall comply with the accuracy and tolerances described in this document. <COMPANY> may assess overall project accuracy by interacting with the compiled dataset to check known object locations and sizes, and individual measured points for compliance. Due to the pointcloud density and redundancy of measurements, the LFM software suite will provide detailed feedback when modelling or performing measurement in the pointcloud. A fitting algorithm utilising all the points describing an object of interest will return a median result that will eliminate minor discrepancies caused by individual point measurement inaccuracies. Measurement activity Tolerance Overall project accuracy will therefore be determined by interacting with a sample set of objects in the scene, and comparing to an <SITE> reference Total Station survey rather than accepting the notional accuracy of one measured point.

4.3.1 – MEASURED POINT ACCURACY (LASER SCANNER)

Measured Point Reviewed Approved

3D point accuracy (vertical/horizontal) 6mm 10mm

Range accuracy 4mm 6mm

All accuracies are quoted as standard deviation (std dev - 1 sigma or 1σ).


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4.3.2 – QA VERIFICATION (3D & BUBBLEVIEW ANYSYS)

Modelling and measurement verification.

Sample Object Within Dataset Volume

<35 metres

Piping: diameter, length (patches between flanges),

position. ± 2mm

Box/Structure: width, depth, height, position. ± 2mm

Embedded wall plates: width, height, position. ± 2mm

Point, radius, and patch readings extracted mathematically from pointcloud sample inside LFM. The results will account for several inaccurate point readings, and deliver consistent feedback. In comparison to a Total station survey.


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APPENDIX A – Data Processing Workflow


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APPENDIX B – QA Feedback & Records

Number of targets used. Accuracy to surveyed target – or previously picked target. Visual indication of target accuracy (colour coding). Targets displayed & accepted in the BubbleViews. Target network display for each scan station – or entire project (as illustrated).

Exported QA (CSV) report. Individual scan – or overall project accuracy report.

Contact [email protected] for detailed information regarding QA reporting.

mailto:[email protected]


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APPENDIX C - Laser Scan Field Record – Target Location & Range


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laser scanning specification - microsoft · laser scanning specification ... lfm software ltd, 5...

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