larix decidua - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
DESCRIPTION
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7/17/2015 LarixdeciduaWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
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LarixdeciduaEuropeanLarch
EuropeanLarchinl'ABran,(1798m)
Vald'Annivier.
Conservationstatus
LeastConcern(IUCN2.3)
Scientificclassification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Genus: Larix
Species: L.decidua
Binomialname
LarixdeciduaMill.
LarixdeciduaFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Larixdecidua,commonnameEuropeanlarch,isaspeciesoflarchnativetothemountainsofcentralEurope,intheAlpsandCarpathianMountains,withdisjunctlowlandpopulationsinnorthernPolandandsouthernLithuania.
Contents
1Description2Subspecies3Uses
3.1Bonsai4Ecology
4.1Invasivespecies5Larixdecidua6References7Externallinks
Description
Larixdeciduaisamediumsizetolargedeciduousconiferoustreereaching2545mtall,withatrunkupto1mdiameter(exceptionally,to55mtalland2mdiameter).Thecrownisconicwhenyoung,becomingbroadwithagethemainbranchesareleveltoupswept,withthesidebranchesoftenpendulous.Theshootsaredimorphic,withgrowthdividedintolongshoots(typically1050cmlong)andbearingseveralbuds,andshortshootsonly12mmlongwithonlyasinglebud.Theleavesareneedlelike,lightgreen,24cmlongwhichturnbrightyellowbeforetheyfallintheautumn,leavingthepaleyellowbuffshootsbareuntilthenextspring.
Theconesareerect,ovoidconic,26cmlong,with1090erectorslightlyincurved(notreflexed)seedscalestheyaregreenvariablyflushedredwhenimmature,turningbrownandopeningtoreleasetheseedswhenmature,46monthsafterpollination.Theoldconescommonlyremainonthetreeformanyyears,turningdullgreyblack.
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Europeanlarchmorphologyfeaturesfrombook:Prof.Dr.OttoWilhelmThomFloravonDeutschland,sterreichundderSchweiz,1885,Gera,Germany.
Itisverycoldtolerant,abletosurvivewintertemperaturesdowntoatleast50C,andisamongthetreelinetreesintheAlps,reaching2400maltitude,thoughmostabundantfrom10002000m.Itonlygrowsonwelldrainedsoils,avoidingwaterloggedgroundandisnotshadetolerant.
Subspecies
Therearetwosubspecies:
Larixdeciduasubsp.deciduaEuropeanLarchorAlpineLarch.Mostoftherange,exceptasbelow.Cones2.56cmshootsyellowbuff.Larixdeciduasubsp.polonicaPolishLarch.DisjunctinlowlandnorthernPoland.Cones23cmshootsverypaleyellowbuff,almostwhite.
Uses
L.deciduaiscultivatedasanornamentaltreeforplantingingardensandparks.[1]
Wood
Thewoodistoughanddurable,butalsoflexibleinthinstrips,andisparticularlyvaluedforyachtbuildingwoodusedforthismustbefreeofknots,andcanonlybeobtainedfromoldtreesthatwereprunedwhenyoungtoremovesidebranches.
Smalllarchpolesarewidelyusedforrusticfencing.
Bonsai
TheEuropeanLarchisapopularBonsaiSpecies,withmanyuniquespecimensavailableinEuropeanCircles,andispopularlyusedinBonsaiForestGroups.[2]
Ecology
Theseedsareanimportantfoodforsomebirds,notablySiskin,LesserRedpollandCitrilFinch,whilethebudsandimmatureconesareeatenbyCapercaillie.
SeealsoListofLepidopterathatfeedonlarches
EuropeanLarchneedlesaretheonlyknownfoodforcaterpillarsofthecasebearermothColeophorasibiricellaitsconescalesareusedasfoodbythecaterpillarsofthetortrixmothCydiaillutana.
Invasivespecies
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L.deciduaisclassedasawildingconifer,aninvasivespecieswhichspreadsintothehighcountryofNewZealand.ItwasplantedbytheNewZealandForestServiceforerosioncontrol.
Larixdecidua
SiberianLarchinautumncolour.
LarchemunicipalityAlbeck,districtFeldkirchen,Carinthia/Austria
Earlyspringfoliage.
EuropeanLarchwoodlandinsummer,AlpesMaritimes,France.
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EuropeanLarchfoliageandcones.
Developingseedconeindetail.
Youngseedcones(red)andpollencones(yellow).
Youngneedlesandmale'flowers'orstrobili.
SouthTyrol,WengenLaValLaValle
ParcrgionalduQueyras,Embrun,HautesAlpes,France
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WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoLarixdecidua.
Autumnalforestwithlarches,sprucesandarollapinesatSeebachern
EuropeanLarchplantedforerosioncontrolonascreeslopeinCanterbury,NewZealand.
References1. "Larixdecidua"(http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=6238).RoyalHorticulturalSociety.Retrieved
23July2013.2. D'Cruz,Mark."MaKeBonsaiCareGuideforLarixdecidua"(http://makebonsai.com/guide/bonsailink.asp?
quicklink=5002&name=Larix_decidua).MaKeBonsai.Retrieved20110708.
ConiferSpecialistGroup(1998).Larixdecidua.2006.IUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies.IUCN2006.www.iucnredlist.org(http://www.iucnredlist.org).Retrievedon12May2006.
Externallinks
ImagesofLarixdecidua(Europeanlarch)(http://www.flora33.com/en/coniferophyta/pinaceae/larix/larix_decidua.php)
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Larix_decidua&oldid=667269503"
Categories: IUCNRedListleastconcernspecies Larix TreesofEuropeGymnospermsofMetropolitanFrance FloraoftheAlps FloraofAustria FloraoftheCzechRepublicFloraofEstonia FloraofGermany FloraofItaly FloraofLithuania FloraofPolandFloraofRomania FloraofSwitzerland FloraofUkraine LeastconcernplantsTreesofhumidcontinentalclimate GardenplantsofEurope Ornamentaltrees
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