large marine ecosystems component overview -...

J. Barbiere

2nd IORC, Barcelona, November 2014

Large Marine Ecosystems Component

Overview

Large Marine Ecosystems

Large Marine Ecosystems - What and Where?

Moderador

Notas de la presentación

World’s coastal areas divided into 66 LMEs- relatively large areas of ocean space of approximately 200,000 km² or greater, characterized by distinct bathymetry, hydrography, productivity, and trophic interactions. GEF is investing millions of $ into LME projects around the world

LMES Assessment Methodology

LMES Assessment Methodology

A level-1 global comparative assessment across the world’s 66 LMEs

Also includes the Western Pacific Warm Pool

Based on indicators under the 5 LME modules & global data sets

Clustering of LMEs into 5 ‘risk’ categories (highest to lowest) according to environmental state/human dependence & vulnerability

Level 2 assessment (Bay of Bengal LME through BoB LME project)- Nutrients.

Moderador


A central theme of TWAP is the vulnerability of ecosystems and human communities to natural and anthropogenic stressors, and impairment of ecosystem services and consequences for humans. Conceptual framework merges the Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework, indicator science, focus on ecosystem services, and cumulative impact modeling, all with a strong focus on governance and socio-economics

LMEs & Open Ocean conceptual framework

Moderador


The interaction between humans and natural ecosystems is captured in a conceptual framework that is based on the idea of 'causal chains'. The framework is centred on the vulnerability of both natural systems to external pressures and consequences for the sustainable production of ecosystem services, and of humans to ecological changes. In brief, human activities have associated stressors that in turn impact natural systems and this in turn affects the delivery (and value) of ecosystem services to people (starting in box 1 below and going clockwise).


Framing Questions

Key questions that the assessment will examine include: What are the current trends in LME status in each thematic area?

Which LMEs are most heavily degraded and which ecosystem services are at most risk?

What is the projected status to years 2030/2050 (selected indicators)?

Where is human dependency greatest on LME ecosystem services?

Where are humans most vulnerable to changes in LME condition?

What is the status of the governance architecture in LMEs and implications for management?

What are the main emerging issues?


Indicators by LME module, Partners Productivity

(NOAA, URI, Ind. Expert)

Fisheries (UBC)

Pollution & Ecosystem health (IGBP, TUAT, GESAMP, WCMC, CMAP)

Socio-economics (Ind. Expert)

Governance (CERMES, U. Dal)

•Chlorophyl a

•Primary productivity

•Sea surface temperature

•Annual landings

•Catch value

•Marine trophic index/FIB index

•Stock status

•Catch from bottom impacting gear

•Fishing effort

• Catch potential projections under global warming

•Nutrients (N, P, Si)

• Index of Coastal Eutrophication Potential

•POPs in plastic pellets

•Plastic debris density

•Change in MPA coverage

•Reefs at Risk Index

•Mangrove extent

•Cumulative human impacts •Ocean Health Index

•% GDP fisheries

•% GDP international tourism

•Population within 10 m coastal elevation

•Human Development Index •Night Light Development Index

•Deaths caused by climate related natural disasters

•Governance architecture in transboundary LMEs

Moderador


Indicators selected based on importance of issues in LMEs and availability of global datasets for comparative assessment. Partners – institutional partners and individual experts

LMEs Assessment Report Structure LME Module

Chapters/ subchapters

Lead Authors & Affiliation

Executive Summary

IOC

1. Introduction

IOC, NOAA

2. Methodology

IOC, NOAA

Socio-econ

3. Socio-economic profile

L.McManus (Ind. Expert)

Govern-ance

4. Governance architecture in transboundary LMEs

L. Fanning (Univ. Dal) & R. Mahon (CERMES Univ. West Indies)

Product-ivity

5.1.Primary productivity & Chl a

J. O’Reilly (Ind. Expert), K. Sherman (NOAA)

5.2. SST

I. Belkin (Univ. Rhode Is)

Fish & Fisheries

6. 1. Fisheries status D.Pauly & V. Lam (Univ. British Columbia)

6.2. Fishery production potential

A. Rosenberg & M. Fogarty

Pollution 7.1.1. Floating plastic debris

P. Kershaw (GESAMP)

7.1.2. POPs in plastic resin pellets

S. Takada (Tokyo Univ. Agric & Tech,Int’l Pellet Watch Prog)

7.1.3. Nutrients S. Seitzinger (IGBP) & E. Mayorga (Univ. Wash).

Ecosystem Health

7.2.1. Mangrove & coral reef extent

UNEP-WCMC

7.2.2. Reefs at Risk Index

UNEP-WCMC

7.2.3. MPA (change in extent)

UNEP-WCMC

8. Cumulative Human Impacts on ecosystems

B. Halpern (Univ. Calif. Santa Barbara)

9. Ocean Health Index B. Halpern (Univ. Calif. Santa Barbara)

Global Comparative Assessment

11. Global Comparative Assessment of LMEs

K. Kleisner (NOAA) & L. McManus (Ind. Expert)


LMEs assessment products

Moderador


Ignore the UNESCO web link for now

IOC/ UNESCO Executing

Agency Coordination

UNEP

NOAA

EXPERTS

IGBP

UBC

UNEP-WCMC

GESAMP

CMAP

U. Rhode Is

UNEP

FAO

IUCN

OBIS

GEF LME projects

Reg. Seas Programs

UN Regular Process

CBD

IWLEARN IMO

IPBES

UNDP

IUCN-WCPA

WRI

ICRI

GCRMN

TNC

WMO

IPCC

CSDMS

UNIDO

LME ASSESSMENT MAIN PARTNERS

Univ. Dal

CORE

THEMATIC

Potential users/data providers

CERMES

Moderador


Inner circle- core partners; middle circle- assessment partners; outer circle- data providers and potential users

Albert Fischer, Sarah Grimes, Bruno Combal

November 2014

Overview of the Open Ocean component

Open Ocean Component

Assessment approach Global ocean – local vulnerability

• Focus on themes where a global commons / global environmental issues related to the oceans exist

• Through indicators/mapping, identify local impact to ecosystem vulnerability or human vulnerability, with future projections where possible

• Assess the relevant thematic governance architecture: how structures are interlinked

• Scientific assessment of peer-reviewed literature – Necessary for long-timescale, high-uncertainty, potentially high-impact

environmental problems -> pollution, ecosystems – Drawing from IPCC for climate

Moderador


Open Ocean uses the same conceptual framework as the LMEs component- showing interaction between the natural and human systems

LMES & OPEN OCEAN CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Moderador


The interaction between humans and natural ecosystems is captured in a conceptual framework that is based on the idea of 'causal chains'. The framework is centred on the vulnerability of both natural systems to external pressures and consequences for the sustainable production of ecosystem services, and of humans to ecological changes. In brief, human activities have associated stressors that in turn impact natural systems and this in turn affects the delivery (and value) of ecosystem services to people (starting in box 1 below and going clockwise).

Assessment themes

Climate change, variability and impacts (eg impact sea level rise on local coastal populations)

Ecosystems, habitats and biodiversity (eg impact of ocean acidification on polar and tropical marine ecosystems)

Fisheries, impact and sustainability (eg. fish stock status)

Pollution and contaminants (eg. plastics in the marine ecosystem)

Socio-economics: Human dependency and vulnerability

Governance: architecture linking global with other scales, science-policy interface

Complementary to LME component

• Highlights issues that require global-scale governance / management responses, where regional/LME scale governance is not sufficient

• Issues where regional/LME scale adaptation responses will be necessary

Open Ocean partners

and associated experts (governance, corals, OA, climate, ...)

Characteristics of the assessment report / website

• Linking global ocean to local vulnerability • Visual – maps, indicators, infographics

– on web: retrieve data/products behind maps, zoom to region of interest; country ranking of vulnerability where appropriate

• Narrative assessment of high-uncertainty, potentially high-impact issues in each theme, and identifying human risk from threats to ocean ecosystems

• Recognizes knowledge / monitoring gaps – key information for IOC / GOOS

• Points towards possible interventions for GEF, or for governments at global, regional or national levels

large marine ecosystems component overview -...

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