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Laptop PowerManagementThis section focuses on power management as well as thesafe removal of hardware devices on laptops



Understanding Laptop Power

Management• BIOS is run when the computer is first powered up

• It checks the hardware to make sure there are no major

problem, bootstraps the computer, and then hands control

over to the operating system.

• One of the features of most modern BIOS systems is support

for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)

• First released as an open standard in 1996, ACPI defines

common interface foe hardware recognition and configuration

and more important, power management.



• ACPI replaced Advanced Power Management (APM), which was

excluded by Microsoft in their Windows Vista line of operating

system.

• ACPI has two important power management features.

•

First, is gives control of power management to the operating system.• Second, ACPI allows power management features that were once

only found on laptops to be available on desktops as well.

• For ACPI to work, the motherboard , CPU and operating system all

need to support the standard.

• The ACPI standard defines four power level states, called globalstates.

• The global states are computer-wide and there are other device,

processor and performance states as well.



Diagnose Power Condition

• If the system fails only when the AC adapter is connected, it mightbe defective.

• Try a new AC adapter, or, if you have a multimeter, use it to verifythe voltage output of the adapter.

• Do the following for an adapter with a single center pin connector:

• 1. Unplug the AC adapter from the computer, but leave it pluggedinto the electrical outlet.

• 2. Using a multimeter set to measure voltage in the 1 to 20 V DCrange, place the red probe of the multimeter in the center of the DCconnector that would normally plug into the DC outlet on thenotebook. Place the black probe on the outside cylinder of the DCconnector (see Figure 21-28).

• 3. The voltage range should be plus or minus five percent of the

accepted voltage. For example, if a notebook is designed to use16 V, the voltage should measure somewhere between 15.2and 16.8 V DC.



TROUBLESHOOTING, REPLACING, AND

UPGRADING

INTERNAL PARTS

• Most notebooks sold today are designed so that

you can easily purchase and exchange memory

modules or hard drives.

• However, replacing a broken LCD panel ormotherboard can be a complex process, taking

several hours.



SUBSTITUTE AN INTERNAL DEVICE WITH AN

EXTERNAL DEVICE

• To substitute an internal device with an external device, first

go into BIOS setup and disable the internal device.

• Press a key, such as F2 or Del to enter BIOS setup when the

notebook is booting.

• Look for a message on-screen at the beginning of the boottelling which key to press.

• After you have disabled the internal device, install the external

peripheral device.



UPGRADING MEMORY

• TYPES OF MEMORY USED IN NOTEBOOKS



HOW TO UPGRADE MEMORY ON A

NOTEBOOK

• Before upgrading memory, make sure you are not voiding yourwarranty.

• Search for the best buy, but make sure you use memorymodules made by or authorized by your notebook’smanufacturer and designed for the exact model of yournotebook.

• Installing generic memory might save money, but might alsovoid the notebook’s warranty.

• Upgrading memory on a notebook works about the same wayas with upgrading memory on a desktop:

• Decide how much memory you can upgrade, purchase thememory, and install it.

• As with a desktop computer, be sure to match the type ofmemory to the type the notebook supports.



REPLACING A HARD DRIVE

• When purchasing and installing an internal hard drive, floppy

drive, CD drive, DVD drive, or removable drive, see the

notebook manufacturer’s documentation about specific sizes

and connectors that will fit the notebook.

• Also be aware of voiding a warranty if you don’t follow thenotebook manufacturer’s directions.

• When purchasing a hard drive, know that hard drives for

notebooks often use proprietary form factors and connectors,

which means you must purchase a drive from the notebook

manufacturer or at least buy one that uses the same

connector and form factor.



• Here is what you need to know when shopping for a notebook

hard drive:

• A desktop hard drive is 3.5 inches wide and a notebook drive is

2.5 inches wide. Figure 21-51 shows a comparison of the two

sizes. Because the form factor of a notebook drive is morecompact, it costs more than a desktop drive holding the same

amount of data. Some notebook hard drives use SSD (solid stat

device) technology. Recall that these drives use memory chips to

hold data, have no moving parts, cost more, use less power, are

more rugged, and last longer than magnetic hard drives.



• Notebook hard drives use either a SATA connector for a SATA

drive or a 44-pin IDE connector for an IDE drive. A SATA connector

on a notebook looks the same as that on a desktop. IDE

connectors on a desktop motherboard use 40 pins, but notebook

IDE connectors use 44 pins. Figure 21-52 shows a 44-pin IDE

connector on a notebook. Check your notebook manual to know

which type hard drive to buy.



• For IDE drives, some notebooks use an adapter to interfacebetween a proprietary connector on their hard drives and the 44-pin IDE connector on the notebook motherboards. You’ll need toremove the old drive and see how it’s connected to know if anadapter is used. If you find an adapter, most likely you can then

connect the adapter to the new drive.

• Before deciding to replace a hard drive, consider these issues:

• If the old drive has crashed, you’ll need the recovery CD andnotebook drivers CDs to reinstall Windows and the drivers. Makesure you have all these CDs before you start.

• If you are upgrading from a low-capacity drive to a higher-capacitydrive, you need to consider how you will transfer data from the olddrive to the new one. One way to do that is to use a USB to IDE orUSB to SATA converter. Using this converter, both drives can be upand working on the notebook at the same time, so you can copyfiles.



REPLACING THE KEYBOARD

• Replacing the keyboard is pretty easy to do. Here are typical

steps that are similar to many models of notebooks:

• 1. Power down the notebook and remove the AC adapter and the

battery pack.

•2. Remove two or more screws on the bottom of the notebook(see Figure 21-62). (Only the documentation can tell you which

ones, as there are probably several of them used to hold various

components in place.)

• 3. Turn the notebook over and open the lid. Gently push the

keyboard toward the lid while pulling it up to release it from thecase (see Figure 21-63).



• 4. Bring the keyboard out of the case and forward to expose the

keyboard ribbon cable attached underneath the board. Use a

screwdriver to lift the cable connector up and out of its socket

(see Figure 21-64).

• 5. Replace the keyboard following the steps in reverse order.



Preventive Maintenance for Laptop and

Portable Devices

• Transporting and Shipping a Laptop

• When transporting a laptop always use a proper carrying case or

bag to protect it from damage.

• Select a case that feels comfortable to carry because a laptop is

something that normally keep whenever travelling.• Look for a case with a wide, padded adjustable shoulder strap.

• Refrain from packing bulky or non-essential item in the laptop

case.

• Never leave a laptop in a vehicle for extended period, especially

when the laptop is power on.



Cooling Issues

• The work environment

• Be sure that there is adequate ventilation around the laptop

• When operating, a laptop should never be placed on soft,

conforming surface like couches, beds or even laps.

•Have the inside of the laptop cleaned frequently, and keep itpowered off, closed and in its case when it is not in use.



• Supplemental Cooling

• Hold the laptop off the surface of the desk to allow airflow

underneath.

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