Language and Language and Literacy Development Literacy Development of Second Language of Second Language

LearnersLearners

Ideas to help all students Ideas to help all students with language and literacywith language and literacy

Stages of Language Stages of Language AcquisitionAcquisition

• Silent PeriodSilent Period 6 months6 months• Early SpeechEarly Speech 6-12 months6-12 months• Intermediate SpeechIntermediate Speech 12 months12 months• Advanced SpeechAdvanced Speech 12 months12 months

• Interpersonal communication skillsInterpersonal communication skills are are usually developed in usually developed in 3-43-4 years while years while academicacademic language skillslanguage skills can take up to can take up to 77 years or longer to develop and be on par with years or longer to develop and be on par with native English speaking peersnative English speaking peers

Influences on language Influences on language developmentdevelopment

• Previous schooling in home countryPrevious schooling in home country• Amount of English spoken in the homeAmount of English spoken in the home• Literacy levels of the parentsLiteracy levels of the parents• Amount of English spoken outside of Amount of English spoken outside of

the home environmentthe home environment• Access to English language Access to English language

development activities in and out of development activities in and out of school settingschool setting

Activities that promote Activities that promote language developmentlanguage development

• Increased opportunities for students to use Increased opportunities for students to use target language with peerstarget language with peers

• Increased student talk to explain situations Increased student talk to explain situations related to area of study in the classroomrelated to area of study in the classroom

• Increased opportunities for students to Increased opportunities for students to work in cooperative groups to solve work in cooperative groups to solve problemsproblems

• Increased opportunities for students to be Increased opportunities for students to be exposed to literature and written languageexposed to literature and written language

General Principles to guide General Principles to guide our instructionour instruction

• Use of Total Physical Response (TPR) in Use of Total Physical Response (TPR) in which language is expressed in words and which language is expressed in words and with actions.with actions.

• Academic Language Scaffolding or Academic Language Scaffolding or accessing prior knowledge is important prior accessing prior knowledge is important prior to beginning a lesson to discover how much, to beginning a lesson to discover how much, if anything, the students know about a topic.if anything, the students know about a topic.

• Use of realia or real life objects about a Use of realia or real life objects about a subject helps the student to connect words subject helps the student to connect words and meanings through the use of visual aids. and meanings through the use of visual aids.

General strategies to assist General strategies to assist English language learnersEnglish language learners

• Flow charts Flow charts • Venn diagramsVenn diagrams• Concept mappingConcept mapping• Language laddersLanguage ladders• Asking higher and lower order questionsAsking higher and lower order questions• JigsawJigsaw• KWLKWL• Dialog JournalsDialog Journals• Think---Pair---ShareThink---Pair---Share

Classroom activities that Classroom activities that promote listening skillspromote listening skills

• Minimal Pairs activitiesMinimal Pairs activities• BINGO activities related to contentBINGO activities related to content• ClippedClipped• Team Spelling TestTeam Spelling Test• Team Dictation/Sentence ExtensionTeam Dictation/Sentence Extension• Following directions activitiesFollowing directions activities• Interview/QtAInterview/QtA

Classroom activities that Classroom activities that promote reading skillspromote reading skills

• Pre-Reading ActivityPre-Reading Activity• Junior DetectiveJunior Detective• SCANSCAN• You Be the JudgeYou Be the Judge• Hearts activityHearts activity• Story GrammarStory Grammar• Take Home Reading activitiesTake Home Reading activities• Books on tape/CD at home or in listening Books on tape/CD at home or in listening

centerscenters

Classroom activities that Classroom activities that promote writing skillspromote writing skills

• Language Experience Approach with Language Experience Approach with strong scaffolding promptsstrong scaffolding prompts

• Flip FlopFlip Flop• Indirect SpeechIndirect Speech• Framed ParagraphsFramed Paragraphs• Write ToolsWrite Tools• DetectiveDetective

Classroom activities that Classroom activities that promote speaking/reading promote speaking/reading

skillsskills• DialogsDialogs• Guided Show and TellGuided Show and Tell• Oral reading of directionsOral reading of directions• Oral presentation of written worksOral presentation of written works• Finish the sentenceFinish the sentence• Add an adjectiveAdd an adjective• What’s my line?What’s my line?

Classroom activities that Classroom activities that promote vocabulary skillspromote vocabulary skills

• Line of FortuneLine of Fortune• Concentration with vocabulary or Concentration with vocabulary or

other words/skills/conceptsother words/skills/concepts• Fishing for PhonicsFishing for Phonics• Big “W”Big “W”• Wrong WordWrong Word• JeopardyJeopardy• Classification activitiesClassification activities

Classroom activities that Classroom activities that promote grammar skillspromote grammar skills

• Word order cardsWord order cards• Wrong Word WritingWrong Word Writing• Flesh It OutFlesh It Out• Who, What, Where, When, How, Why?Who, What, Where, When, How, Why?• Sentence BuildersSentence Builders• Sentence StretchersSentence Stretchers• Formation/TransformationFormation/Transformation• Rewrite the ParagraphRewrite the Paragraph