Language

A way of putting words together to communicate your ideas

How do you communicate your ideas?

• You include 2 parts:– What idea are you talking about?– What are you saying about that idea?

• Practice:– White clouds floated over my head.– The engineer designed a building.– Leonardo painted a beautiful painting.

Sentence

• How you describe your idea using the 2 parts forms a sentence.

• what you are talking about = Complete Subject

• what you are saying about it = Complete Predicate

Complete Subjects Complete Predicates(What the idea is about) (What we are saying about the subject)

1. The crane fishes patiently in the lake.2. They would banish us.3. The people could fly.4. Crick and Watson discovered DNA.5. I loved my parents.6. Lenny is a boy in class.7. That day was one of the coldest.8. He had grown beautiful flowers.9. She had a lovely smile.10. I am.

Complete Subjects Complete Predicates(What the idea is about) (What we are saying about the

subject)

1. The crane fishes patiently in the lake.2. They would banish us.3. The people could fly.4. Crick and Watson discovered DNA.5. I loved my parents.6. Lenny is a boy in class.7. That day was one of the coldest.8. He had grown beautiful flowers.9. She had a lovely smile.10. I am.

1. The dog ___________________

2. The red laser beam ___________________

3. Friendship___________________

4. __________ shone across the sea.

5. __________ quietly munched bamboo shoots.

6. __________ climbed about the ship.

7. The people of ancient Rome __________________8. The best song

__________________9. ______________ is my favorite T.V.

show.10. ______________ ran down the hall.

Let’s PracticeComplete Subjects Complete Predicates

(What the idea is about) (What we are saying about the subject)

How Many?

• How many students are in our class?• How many classes do you have in a day?• How many kinds of words are there?

8

Parts of Speech

Language

Nouns

• Person• Place• Thing• Idea

Nou

ns

Can you find 3 nouns in the pictures?

Nou

ns

Proper

A nameMs. Slaggie

Northstar

Possessive forms

Boy’s bikeBoys’ bikesA child’s toy

The children’s toys

Noun

A person you know.A place you can go.A thing you can show.An idea

Common

Non specificteacher

school

Pronouns• A word that replaces a noun.• 4 Types of Pronouns

– Subjective: used as the subject of a sentence: I, you, he, she, it, we, they• We brought a pound of apples.

– Objective: used as the object of the sentence. Often found in the predicate: you, me, him, her, it, us, them• Tom sees me.

– Possessive: used to show ownership: his, hers, ours, their• Take her car to the store.

– Intensive: used to refer back to another noun or pronoun in the sentence to emphasize it: himself, herself, themselves, ourselves• The boys baked these scones by themselves.

Replace each noun with a pronoun.Is that pronoun subject, objective, possessive, or intensive?

• Jane wanted to play a game.– She wanted to play it.• subjective & objective

• Tony and Jim went to a the house of Tom.– They went to his house.• subjective & possessive

• Sue wanted to invite Mary to the party.– She wanted to invite her to it.• subjective, objective, & objective

Write 2 sentences about this picture using pronouns.

Pro

nou

ns

Pro

nou

ns

Pronoun – noun

A word that replaces a noun in a sentence and is often used so that the noun doesn’t have to be repeated

You can’t turn the clock back, but you can wind it up again.

We believe what we tell ourselves. So tell yourself this: Everything will work out. It will get better. You are loveable. You are strong. You are worthy of great things. You are important.

When you are waiting for the bus and someone asks, "Has the bus come yet?" You say, “If it came, would I be standing here?”

Adjective

• Modifies (describes) a noun or pronoun. Answers the questions:– WHICH ONE? (that, the, a, those)– HOW MANY?(numbers, few, many)– WHAT KIND?• The red apple was tasty. • The book was 413 pages long.

Smart, Small, and SnippyA

dje

cti

ves

Ad

jecti

ves

Comparative

more cantankerousOrnerier

Bill is ornerier than Bo.

Singular

Cantankerousornery

Adjective – noun

A word that describes a noun or pronoun and is used often to compare people, places, and things

Superlative

most cantankerousOrneriest

Bill is the orneriest of all.

Verbs

• A word that shows action or links the two parts of the sentence

– Nick ran after the ball.– Nick is good at soccer.– Tess plays baseball.– Tess is the pitcher on the team.

Verb

sSliding and Riding

Not just for kids these days!

Verb

s

Past Tense

skedaddledhurried

canoodledhugged and kissed

Present Tense

discombobulate confuse

hornswogglecheat

Verb – noun

A word that expresses an action or a state of being

Future Tense

will lollygagwill move slowlywill flabbergast

will amaze

Adverbs• Tells more about a verb or adjective, or

another adverb by answering questions like how, when, and where.

• I swam quickly.• I swam very quickly.• We swam over there.• We swam daily.

Write a title for this picture. Include an adverb.

Ad

verb

s

Reflective Thinker 24

Ad

verb

s

Comparativemore quirkilymore peculiarly

It was a more quirkily themed event than the last one.

sheepishly awkwardly

Adverb – noun

A word that describes how, when, or where the action of a verb takes place

Superlative

most kookilymost foolishly

It was the most kookily decorated tree.

Wh

at’

s s

o f

un

ny?

HA

HA HA

HA

My teacher says that I use adverbsgood!

Nouns, verbs,

adjectives, adverbs, interjectio

ns, conjunctio

ns, and prepositions are all I need to

write good.

Surely?

Conjunction

• Joins words– and, or, but, so, yet, since, although

Red and PinkC

on

jun

cti

on

s

Bro

ad

way

Mark it or hold it?

Con

jun

cti

on

s

Coordinatingloopy and

persnickety

crazy and fussy

Coordinatingpantaloons

or knickers

early 19th century trousers or short pants

Conjunction – noun

A word such asand, because, but, for,since, or, and yet, which is used to connectphrases, clauses, and sentences

Subordinating

Since the scuttlebutt (rumor) began, he hasn’t been the same.

Con

jun

cti

on

sFANBOYS

1. The bus stopped __________ the man got off.2. We stayed at home __________ watched a film.3. I wanted to buy a newspaper __________ didn't have enough money.4. I have a lot of homework to do now __________ I can't go to the movies with you.5. He's very rich __________ he doesn't spend a lot of money.6. Do you want tea __________ coffee?7. Is the Empire State Building in New York __________ London?8. Is it a new house __________ an old house?9. I enjoy visiting many different countries __________ I wouldn't want to live anywhere else but Lisbon.10. We can go by bus __________ we can walk.

forandnor

butoryetso

Preposition

• Words to show relationship. A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with an object.– in, on, beside, after, under, around, over, etc.

– The dog was on the dock.– She got sick during the game.– The movie is after the news– The garden was behind the wall.

On the roof In the purseP

rep

osit

ion

s

On the elephant In time out

Time OutGrowled at the vacuum cleaner and attacked it

Interjections

• Expresses emotion– Oh, wow, wham, bah, boo, yes, no, phew, yikes.

– Wow, you look nice!

Grrrr! I’m late.In

terj

ecti

on

s

33©Reflective Thinker

Inte

rjecti

on

s

jeez

an interjection meaning you can’t

believe something or you’re exasperated

la-di-da

an interjection indicating that

something is showy or pretentious

Interjection – noun

A word that expresses emotion and has no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence

boo-yaa cry of triumph

ooh-la-laindicates something

is special or fancy

Davina, a blind goose, was born in January 2013 at Old Station House Inn in Exmoor, England. She was resourceful and did not waddle around dejected, or sad. Instead, she made friends with Maisy, a Jack Russell terrier. Maisy was Davina’s second pair of eyes, her guide dog. Davina always waited patiently for Maisy to clear her path. Maisy’s owner Martin Shepherd said that Maisy often helped Davina out of sticky situations.

Davina

And Maisy

Maisy did not like it when, Lionel, a gander appeared, so he pulled out Lionel’s tail feathers. Yikes! In retaliation, Lionel responded aggressively by whacking Maisy, and they sparred back and forth across the garden. Frustrated, Martin Shepherd’s 15-year-old daughter Madison refereed and separated Maisy and Lionel.

In the future, the Shepherd family hopes that the three learn to live together peaceably. Maisy, by the way, never had pulled any of Davina’s feathers. Ahh!

Fid

dle

sti

cks

To PlayOne student from Group 1 draws a paper strip from the can.

This student has 7 seconds to identify the underlined part of speech. If he is correct, his group keeps the strip. If he is incorrect, put it back in the can. One student from Group 2 goes next.

If Ahh! Fiddlesticks!  is drawn, the group must give back all of their strips, which will be put to the side.

The game ends when all strips are drawn from the can or when time is called. Students count their strips. The group with the most strips wins the game.

Circle the subject and underline the predicate in each sentence. Next, label each word with its part of speech.

1. The scientist used a microscope.

2. Rembrandt slowly painted the canvas.

3. Yes, he and she were members.

4. DeSoto floated down the Mississippi.

5. Spartacus and his force of gladiators lost.

Noun Noun

Noun Noun

Noun

Noun Noun

Noun Noun Noun

Verb

Verb

Verb

Verb

Adjective Adjective

Adjective

Pronoun Pronoun Verb

Adjective

Adverb

Pronoun

conjunction

conjunction

Interjection

preposition

preposition