Landsat Operations Overview

Landsat Science Team (LST) Meeting Sioux Falls, SD

Douglas Daniels

Landsat Mission Manager

The Aerospace Corporation

July 11, 2017

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Agenda

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Landsat Mission Operations Overview

Landsat 7 Observatory

Observatory Status

End of Mission Update

Restore-L

Landsat 8 Observatory

Observatory Status

Landsat Ground Network Evolution

International Cooperator Network

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Landsat Mission Status

Landsat 7 Acquiring at a rate of ~470 scenes per day with continental acquisition strategy

• 105% duty cycle operations for ETM+ performing smoothly

• Data acquisition in support of Northern Hemisphere growing season imaging, along with increased acquisitions over the African Continent and Central America

On-orbit performance of Landsat 7 observatory continues to be outstanding • No spacecraft or instrument anomalies since October 2014

Finalized end of mission planning – plan to overlap with Landsat 9 launch readiness

Extended mission life potential to as late as July 2021

MOC Equipment refresh underway to support extended mission operations

Landsat 8 Acquiring at a rate of ~740 scenes per day with continental acquisition strategy

On-orbit performance of Landsat 8 observatory continues to be outstanding; • No spacecraft or instrument anomalies since September 2015

• Mission data management highly effective - on-board recorder averaging 70% margin

• Achieved milestone of 1 billion kilometers traveled in May 2017

Landsat 8 Ground Network (LGN) robust – system averaging greater than 25% margin

TIRS Scene Select Mirror (SSM) Encoder Circuit B-side alternative operations concept performing very well

Currently 5 LGN stations and 18 certified IC stations • LGS (USGS), GLC (NOAA), NSN (DLR), ASN (GA), and SGS (KSAT)

MOC march to steady state operations nearly complete – targeting CY2017 Q3

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Attitude Control Subsystem

X-band System

S-band System Performance nominal

Enhanced Thematic Mapper +

Batteries Performance nominal

Solid State Recorder

Reaction Control System

•1/07/04 Fuel line #4 thermostat #1a failure

•2/24/05 Fuel line #4 thermostat failure;

Primary heater circuit disabled

•4/25/13 Fuel line #2 thermostat failure;

Redundant heater circuit disabled

Solar Array •5/14/2002 Circuit #14 Failure

•5/16/2005 Circuit # 6 Failure

•8/13/2008 Circuit #14 partial recovery

•14 circuits remain operating

•no impact to ops

•11/15/1999 SSR PWA #23 Loss

•02/11/2001 SSR PWA #12 Loss

•12/07/2005 SSR PWA #02 Loss

•08/02/2006 SSR PWA #13 Loss

•03/28/2008 SSR PWA #22 Loss

•09/03/2008 SSR PWA #23 Recovered

•10/12/2013 SSR PWA #11 Loss

•Each PWA is 4% loss of launch capacity

•Boards are likely recoverable

Performance nominal

•05/05/2004 Gyro 3 Shut Off

•1-gyro control system in

development

18+ plus years of on-orbit operations

•5/31/2003 SLC Failure

•4/01/2007 Bumper mode

Remote Tlm Cmd (RTC) Box •09/27/2014 RTC A Failover

Electrical Power Subsystem

Power Control Unit • 10/18/2014 BVR failover

Command and Data Handling

Subsystem

RF Comm Subsystem

Landsat 7 Observatory Status – No Change

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L7 WRS Error and MLT

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Landsat 7 Delta-I Execution Predicted Result

Delta-I predict revised up to

maximum MLT at 10:14:58

on August 11, 2017

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Criteria

Landsat 7 Operational mission will be declared over at the discretion of USGS, and

may be triggered by any of the following reasons:

Insufficient fuel to maintain inclination required for science mission operations

• The orbital Mean Local Time (MLT) drops below 9:15 AM

• Note: Drag Make-Up (DMU) and Risk Mitigation Maneuvers (RMM) activities use minimal amounts of fuel (fractions of a

kilogram)

Observatory becomes unable, for any reason, to produce useable science data

• Due to mission ending failures within either the spacecraft or ETM+

Key Observatory subsystems demonstrate signs of imminent failure which could result in loss of

mission

• Attitude control, propulsion, command & data handling, electrical power

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Failure Triggers for Decommissioning

The following failure scenarios precipitate an end to the science mission and the

need to decommission Landsat 7, regardless of remaining fuel or inclination (MLT

crossing)

Spacecraft component failure

• Loss of additional gyro: Single-gyro operations doesn’t support science mission operations

• Redundant BVR failure: Results in catastrophic and nearly immediate or immediate failure of ability to command and

control Landsat 7 as loss of power to spacecraft would be imminent or immediate *

• Redundant RTC failure: Command router failure results in loss of command capability for major observatory

components *

Payload component failure

• ETM+ failure: End of science mission

* In the event any of these failure scenarios would come to pass, Landsat 7

decommissioning will commence as soon as possible upon direction of the FSM

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Baseline Landsat 7 End of Mission Timeline

Nominal activities include

Exit the constellation • Lower orbit by 4km and circularize

Achieve disposal orbit • Lower orbit additional 4km (total 8km lowering) to 697km

• Burn fuel reserve at perigee to produce elliptical orbit that maximizes atmospheric drag

Passivate on-board energy sources

Eventual re-entry

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Baseline L7 End of

Mission Timeline

2021 L7

Constellation

ExitMove L7 to

Disposal OrbitLandsat 9

Launch

2020 ~Circa 2111

L7 End-of-Mission

based on MLT

Threshold

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Landsat 7 and Restore L

USGS is working with NASA on technology

demonstration

Landsat 7 is principle client for NASA Restore L

The Landsat 7 End-of-Mission Plan was recently

developed with key points that dovetail into

Restore-L mission timeline

Restore L Mission Objectives

Launch Restore L Servicing Vehicle (RSV)

RSV approach Landsat 7 and perform inspection using on-

board cameras

RSV capture and secure Landsat 7 to create combined

“stack”

Transfer between 10-110 kg of fuel from RSV to Landsat 7

Relocate combined stack to new orbit

Release Landsat 7 and retreat to safe orbit

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Landsat 7 Notional Servicing Timeline

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End of Mission will occur between Oct 2020 and Jul 2021 Launch of Landsat 9

Mean local time reaches 9:15 AM

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Landsat 8 Observatory Status – No Change

Operational Land Imager

Thermal Infrared Sensor

Propulsion Subsystem

Thermal Control System

Electrical Power System

Attitude Control System

RF Communications

Command & Data Handling System

X-band System

S-band System

Batteries

Solid State Recorder – File Delete (ghost file) errors

Successfully corrected in September 2015

Solar array

4+ plus years of on-orbit operations

October 2014 - Side-A SSM Encoder

September 2015 – Encoder Side-B current fluctuations

January 2016 – Alternative Operations Concept B-Side

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Landsat 8 On-Orbit Performance

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Completed approximately 4+ years of on-orbit science operations

Landsat 8 acquiring “all land” averaging over 740 WRS-2 scenes collected per day

Total of over 1,000,000 OLI & TIRS scenes collected as of June 2017

Observatory performance

Excellent overall spacecraft and instrument performance

Operational Land Imager (OLI) outperforming all performance requirements

Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) experienced two on-orbit anomalies

• Stray light issue affecting imagery; calibration approaches are in work, but only expect to bring one of the two spectral

bands within specifications

• Scene Select Mirror (SSM) encoder experienced current increase in Oct 2014; switched to redundant circuitry and

executing alternative ops con to maximize encoder life

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OA52 through OA62 DMU: 8 RMM: 1 INC: 2

RMM6 (DOY 115) 04/24/2016 21:24

Landsat-8 WRS-2 Error (1 year)

INC4 (DOY 123) 5/2/2016 20:34

INC5 (DOY 122) 4/27/2017 14:47

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MLT = 10:11:41 a.m. as of Apr 30, 2017

Landsat-8 MLT (1 year)

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Coarse Sun Sensor (CSS) current spikes observed routinely – particularly for CSS-12

* NOTE: 20 spikes is considered the MAXIMUM count for any particular day. The actual count may be MUCH higher than 20

*

CSS Current Spikes

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Reaction Wheel 4 (RW4) Thermal Control

RW4 A-side heater has been exhibiting erratic heater cycling Cycle counts are still well within specification

• ~342,600+ total cycles to date – rated to 1 million plus

Concern that "erratic" behavior usually equates to "bad“

At no point has the B-side heater activated

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TIRS B-encoder Activity 2016 & 2017

TIRS operations concept developed following run-away current observed in the Encoder Electronics (Scene Select Mirror mechanism) Operations successfully moderates scene select mirror current

TIRS considered “GREEN”

Five most recent TIRS LUNAR Plus Calibrations compared below

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Evolution of Landsat 8 LGN Operations

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Launch through October 2016 Landsat 8 LGN Stations included: LGS (Sioux Falls), SGS (Svalbard), GLC (Fairbanks)

Average scene acquisition rate consistently approximately 725 scenes per day

Beginning in November 2016, Landsat 8 LGN Operations moved to a five station baseline in order to provide enhanced resiliency and long-term cost savings: LGS (Sioux Falls), SGS (Svalbard), GLC (Fairbanks), ASN (Alice Springs), NSN

(Neustrelitz) • Added ASN and NSN

Number of contacts at GLC and SGS were reduced

Average scene acquisition rate remains consistently approximately 725 scenes per day

I&T activities for ASN and NSN occurred between May and September 2016 with the Operational Readiness Review (ORR) being held in November Landsat 8 LGN requirements provided and implemented by the stations (with LMOP

support)

Implementation verified by LMOP (GNE staff and FOT)

Current Passes per Day Allocation

LGS GLC SGS ASN NSN

5-6 1 1 3-4 4-5

Previous Passes per

Day Allocation

LGS GLC SGS

5-6 4-6 2-4

Landsat 8 Operational LGN Configuration

GLC – Gilmore Creek, AK

LGS – EROS, Sioux Falls, SD

SGS – Svalbard, Norway

ASN – Alice Springs, Australia

NSN – Neustrelitz, Germany

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International Cooperator Ground Stations

11 Active L7 Stations 22 Active L8 Stations

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Acronyms

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Acronym Description

ACCA Automated Cloud Cover Assessment

ACS Attitude Control System

APMC Agency Program Management Council

ASM Acquisition Strategy Meeting

BATC Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp

bMOC Backup Mission Operations Center

CAPE Collection Activity Planning Element

CCB Configuration Control Board

CDR Critical Design Review

CDRL Contract Data Requirements List

CHS Cloud Hosting Services

CMC Center Management Council

COMSEC Communicatiions Security

DLT Digital Linear Tape

DO Delivery Order

DOORS Dynamic Object-Oriented Requirements System

DRC Design Reference Case

EDU Engineering Development Unit

EPR Engineering Peer Review

ESD Earth Science Division

ESTO Earth Science Technology Office

ETC Estimate to Complete

ETM+ Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus

FOT Flight Operations Team

FPE Focal Plane Electronics

FPM Focal Plane Module

FTP File Transfer Protocol

Acronym Description

FY Fiscal Year

GCP Ground Control Point

GS Ground System

GSIRD Ground System Interface Requirements Document

GSRD Ground System Requirements Document

GSRR Ground System Requirements Review

GSRT Goddard System Review Team

HPA High Power Amplifier (S-Band Uplink)

IC International Cooperator

ICD Interface Control Document

IGE Independent Government Estimate

KDP Key Decision Point

LCMAP Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection

LGAC Landsat Global Archive Consolidation

LGN Landsat Ground Network

LMO Landsat Mission Operations

LMOC Landsat Multi-satellite Operations Center

LP DAAC Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center

LSDS Land Satellite Data Systems

MDM Mission Data Management

MDR Mission Definition Review

MLT Mean Local Time (Equatorial Crossing)

MOC Mission Operations Center

OAG Office of Acquisitions and Grants

OLI Operational Land Imager

Ops Con Operations Concept

PDB Program Decision Board

Acronym Description

PDR Preliminary Design Review

PEP Performance Evaluation Plan

PSM Procurement Strategy Meeting

RFI Request For Information

RFO Request For Offer

RFP Request for Proposal

ROM Rough Order of Magnitude

RWA Reaction Wheel Assembly

S/C Spacecraft

SE Systems Engineering

SEMP Systems Engineering Management Plan

SLI Sustainable Land Imagining

SLI-T Sustainable Land Imagining - Technology

SMD Science Mission Directorate

SN Space Network

SOW Statement of Work

SRB Standing Review Board

SRD Spacecraft Requirements Document

SRR System Requirements Review

SSM Scene Select Mirror

SSP Source Selection Plan

SSR Solid State Recorder

TIM Technical Interchange Meeting

TIRS Thermal Infrared Sensor

TO Task Order

TRR Test Readiness Review

UDO Undelivered Order