landing site considerations related to the … propulsion laboratory california institute of...

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of Technology

August 4, 2015

Austin Nicholas

Landing Site Considerations

Related to the Potential Sample

Retrieval and Launch Mission

Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only.© 2015 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.

Mars Formulation


Mars Program Office Perspective on

SRL Impacts from M2020 Landing Site Selection

2Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only.

• Mars Program Requirements Review (July 2014) addressed the

implications of M2020 design/operations on potential future Mars

Sample Return-related missions

– The fundamental direction received was that future missions will be

designed to successfully operate at the landing site chosen for M2020

• In today’s discussion, we are quite clear that:

Future Mars mission considerations should not be treated as

constraints on M2020 landing site selection

– But we do want the community to understand these considerations!

• Three major areas of influence

– EDL

– Traversability

– Latitude

We will address these factors in the next few slides

Mars Formulation

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologySRL Functions

3

• Land near the same site as M2020

• Traverse to location(s) of tubes

• Pick up tubes

• (Return to landing site, if fetch)

• Load tubes into MAV

• Launch MAVPre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only.

Affected by landing site choice

Mobile MAV Concept Platform + Fetch Concept

• Land near the same site as M2020

• Traverse to location(s) of tubes

• Pick up tubes from the ground

• (Return to landing site, if fetch)

• Load tubes into MAV

• Launch MAV

Solar

RTG

Mars Formulation

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologySRL Arrival Opportunities, 2020-2033


aphelion

N WinterS Summer

N SummerS Winter

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3500

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

Ls

Atm

osp

he

ric O

ptica

l D

ep

th (

tau

)

Atmosphere Model (MY28 = Jan 2006 - Dec 2007)

90°

18

0°

270°

0°

perihelion

20

22

Likely SRL opportunities arrive in northern fall and winter, which makes northern landing sites more challenging from thermal and solar power perspectives.

Mars Formulation

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologySRL EDL


• Assume an M2020-like EDL system with similar capability

– Elevation

– Accuracy

– Obstacle/Slope Tolerance

– TRN (if M2020 uses it)

1200 kg 900 kg

Landed Elevation Capability, MOLA (km)

1200 kg 900 kg

1200 kg 900 kg 1200 kg 900 kg

1200 kg 900 kg 1200 kg

1200 kg 900 kg 1200 kg 900 kg

Launch Opportunity (year)

Mars Arrival Ls (deg)

2022

100-120

2024, 2026

120-160

2028

160-210

2031

200-250

2018, 2033

240-320

2020

340-10

Nili Fossae

E MargaritiferJezero

NE Syrtis

Mawrth Vallis

SW MelasMSL Chute High Mach ChuteHolden

150°

180°

210°

270°

McLaughlin

(-5km)

HarderEasier

M2

02

0C

apab

ility

Mars Formulation

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyRevisit Traverse Analysis for SRL


1. Simulate M20202. Identify ROIs visited3. Cluster ROIs for analysis4. Identify revisit cases5. Simulate each SRL revisit6. Combine statistics

Clusters Frequency

79.0%

9.4%

7.0%

3.7%

0.5%

0.2%

1B 2B

1B

1A

1B

1C

1A

2D

2B

2C

2E

2A

SRL Drive Simulations CDFs for Each Case Total SRL CDF

M2020 Drive Simulation

Tube Locations

Cluster Sets Visited

*Using M2020 Traversability Tools (MTTT)

1A

1B

1C

2A

2B

2C

2D

2E

Mars Formulation

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologySRL Traverse Results

7

• When dropping all prime mission

tubes at the 2nd ROI visited,

SRL traverse distances are

similar to M2020

• SRL drive distances at Mawrth,

McLaughlin and Margaritifer are

longer than M2020, but still

shorter than all other sites

• Results shown for one-way,

round trip traverse distances are

approximately double

Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only.

Mars Formulation

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologySRL Conclusions


• Three major areas:

– EDL — higher altitude landing sites are more challenging

• Future opportunities may have less favorable atmospheric conditions than 2020

– Traversability — SRL considerations generally parallel M2020

– Latitude — Northern latitude sites are more challenging for solar concepts


Backup

9

Mars Formulation

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyMars Sample Return (Reference Concept)

10

Mars20202020

Sample Return Orbiter2022 or 2024

Sample Return Lander2026 or 2028

Sample Return2031 or 2033

Cache Retrieval

MAV launch

Performs Science

EEVReentry

SRL + Mars Ascent Vehicle

Break-the-Chain

Mars 2020

Orbiting Sample

Earth

Mars

Retrieve OS

Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only.

Mars Formulation

Summary of SRL Elevation Considerations

1200 kg 900 kg

Ls

= 1

50

Ls

= 1

80

Ls

= 2

10

Ls

= 2

70

Landed Elevation Capability, MOLA (km)

La

un

ch

Op

po

rtu

nit

y (

ye

ar)

Ma

rs A

rriv

al

Ls

(d

eg

)

Notes:

-Results assume baseline M2020 hardware, software and timeline, vehicle mass properties, and entry interface condition

- Close to equatorial landing site (Gale Crater)

- Effects of dust not considered (Ls ≈ 180-330)

-Results are accurate to within ± ~0.5 km

-High fidelity cases were run at 1200 kg; altitude performance at other landed masses was calculated using ballistic coefficient partial

-Each launch opportunity has a range of viable arrival Ls values; ranges shown for realistic values of C3, entry velocity, and TOF

20

22

10

0-1

20

20

24

, 2

02

6

12

0-1

60

20

28

16

0-2

10

20

31

20

0-2

50

20

18

,203

3

24

0-3

20

20

20

34

0-1

0

1200 kg 900 kg

1200 kg 900 kg

1200 kg 900 kg

1200 kg 900 kg

1200 kg

1200 kg 900 kg

1200 kg 900 kg

Nili Fossae Trough

E MargaritiferJezero Crater

NE Syrtis

Mawrth Vallis

SW Melas Basin MSL Chute High Mach Chute

1

2

3Holden

Mars Formulation


Latitude and Opportunity Impacts to

Surface Performance

12

McLaughlin

Holden

JezeroNE Syrtis

SW Melas

E Margaritifer

Mawrth

Nili Fossae

Maximum Drive Distance [km]Pre-Decisional: For planning and discussion purposes only.

+

Mars Formulation



M2020 CDF


Mars Formulation




Mars Formulation




Clusters Frequency

79.0%

9.4%

7.0%

3.7%

0.5%

0.2%

1B

2B1A

1C

2A

2C

2D

2E

1B 2B

1B

1A

1B

1C

1A

2D

2B

2C

2E

2A

Mars Formulation




1A 2B

SRL CDF

Mars Formulation




Clusters Frequency

79.0%

9.4%

7.0%

3.7%

0.5%

0.2%

1B 2B

1B

1A

1B

1C

1A

2D

2B

2C

2E

2A

Mars Formulation

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyDrive Distance Results


Site

95th Percentile Drive + 30% for "Real" Driving SRL Relative to M2020

M2020

SRLOneWay2nd ROI

SRLOneWayAll ROIs

SRLRoundTrip

2nd ROI

SRLRoundTrip

All ROIs

SRLOneWay2nd ROI

SRLOneWayAll ROIs

SRLRoundTrip

2nd ROI

SRLRoundTrip

All ROIs

Holden [27S] 15.1 15.1 15.8 30.2 30.9 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0

Jezero [18N] 17.8 18.3 21.9 36.5 37.9 1.0 1.2 2.1 2.1

Mawrth [24N] 7.4 11.1 14.8 22.2 26.5 1.5 2.0 3.0 3.6

McLaughlin Crater [22N] 11.1 11.9 18.0 23.9 31.0 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.8

E Margaritifer Terra [6S] 6.3 8.4 10.4 16.8 19.9 1.3 1.6 2.7 3.1

NE Syrtis Major [18N] 15.3 15.8 17.4 31.7 32.8 1.0 1.1 2.1 2.1

Nili Fossae Trough [21N] 18.9 18.8 18.9 37.7 37.7 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0

SW Melas [10S] 13.5 13.9 15.0 27.7 28.6 1.0 1.1 2.1 2.1

Site

Maximum Driving Capability [km] (1 Mars Year or Full Life)

RTG

Solar Fetch (One-Way)

2026 2028 2031 2026 2028 2031

Holden [27S] >25 >25 >25 >25 23.5 23.9 22.2

Jezero [18N] >25 >25 15.8 5.2 >25 >25 >25

Mawrth [24N] >25 18.2 9.3 0.1 10.0 5.6 0.5

McLaughlin Crater [22N] >25 20.1 11.4 1.3 11.1 6.8 1.8

E Margaritifer Terra [6S] >25 >25 >25 >25 >25 >25 >25

NE Syrtis Major [18N] >25 >25 15.8 5.2 >25 >25 >25

Nili Fossae Trough [21N] >25 21.3 12.5 2.5 12.0 7.5 2.5

SW Melas [10S] >25 >25 >25 >25 >25 >25 >25

Site

Maximum Driving [Fraction of Requirement] (1 Mars Year or Full Life)

RTG

Solar Fetch

2026 2028 2031 2026 2028 2031

Holden [27S] >2 >2 >2 >2 1.6 1.6 1.5

Jezero [18N] >2 1.4 0.9 0.3 >2 >2 >2

Mawrth [24N] >2 1.6 0.8 0.0 0.9 0.5 0.0

McLaughlin Crater [22N] >2 1.7 1.0 0.1 0.9 0.6 0.2

E Margaritifer Terra [6S] >2 >2 >2 >2 >2 >2 >2

NE Syrtis Major [18N] >2 1.6 1.0 0.3 >2 >2 >2

Nili Fossae Trough [21N] >2 1.1 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.1

SW Melas [10S] >2 >2 >2 >2 >2 >2 >2

• All results are preliminary

• Many assumptions

• Assumes no EDL accuracy improvements

Mars Formulation

Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyDrive Distances Plot


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