land use planning principles - swarthmore college
TRANSCRIPT
WIL
LIA
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N A
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ES
, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
LA
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ebruary 20, 2002
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To
po
grap
hy
Defin
es Cam
pu
s O
rgan
ization
WIL
LIA
M R
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N A
SS
OC
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, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
LA
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- SW
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ebruary 20, 2002
Sw
arthmore's cam
pus is organized into three major sectors and
supplemented by several adjacent areas. T
hese sectors are defined by the natural topography of the area. S
ince the founding of the College in
1864, land planning decisions have consistently reflected the natural features of the land. R
einforcement of these sectors is central to future
development at S
warthm
ore. The three sectors are:
• Th
e No
rth C
amp
us
- North of P
arrish Hall, it is bordered by the C
rum
Woods and the "N
ear North" residential neighborhood.
• Th
e Cen
tral Cam
pu
s - G
enerally defined by the plateau on which
Parrish H
all sits, together with the sloping law
n to the south • T
he L
ow
er Cam
pu
s - S
outh of the railroad tracks.
In addition to these three main cam
pus zones, there are other distinct areas:
• Th
e Cru
m P
lateau - Located across C
rum C
reek, is an undeveloped area in N
ether Providence T
ownship.
• Th
e Far S
ou
th E
xtend
ed R
esiden
tial Area - Including H
arvard Avenue
and the area near Mary Lyons H
all, located across Yale A
venue to the S
outh• C
un
nin
gh
am F
ields
- Located across Chester R
oad and bounded by C
ollege Avenue and S
EP
TA
property. • T
he N
ear No
rth R
esiden
tial Area
- Past the N
orth Cam
pus Sector,
including Whittier P
lace and Elm
Avenue. T
he block bounded by Chester,
College, C
edar and Elm
is considered separately and is referred to in this report as the "H
ing
e Blo
ck."
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, Architects, Inc. - B
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Uses F
ollo
w th
e T
op
og
raph
ic O
rgan
ization
of
Cam
pu
s
WIL
LIA
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AW
N A
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OC
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, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
• Th
e Lo
wer C
amp
us -T
here is a significant amount of open space in this
area with alm
ost all actively used as sports fields. Service buildings and
some residential structures occupy this zone as w
ell.
• Th
e Cru
m P
lateau - A
n undeveloped area, but portions may be
appropriate for recreation and athletics.
• Th
e Far S
ou
th E
xtend
ed R
esiden
tial Area - A
residential zone com
prised of both large residential and institutional buildings.
• Cu
nn
ing
ham
Field
s - Used for active recreational purposes and
parking.
• Th
e Near N
orth
Resid
ential A
rea - M
ade up of vernacular housing stock occupied by faculty and staff. H
ouses vary substantially in scale from
block to block.
• The block bounded by C
hester, College, C
edar and Elm
(the "H
ing
e B
lock") is bordered on three sides by college-ow
ned property. The
frontage of this block on Chester R
oad offers opportunities for College and
comm
unity connections.
Over tim
e, and through past prudent land planning decisions, the topographic organization of the C
ampus has influenced the location of
various campus functions. T
hough the sectors are interrelated, each has unique characteristics and specific planning priorities.
Across the entire cam
pus, building density is composed of low
-rise structures w
ith suburban and residential character. In all sectors, the C
ollege values landscape areas and open spaces as important places in
their own right.
Other aspects of the cam
pus environment vary from
sector to sector: • N
orth
Cam
pu
s - This section of cam
pus comprises academ
ic buildings organized into irregular quadrangles w
ith green allees and gardens creating special open spaces that connect and define these areas. T
he N
orth Cam
pus buildings are closer together than the other areas of C
ampus and, w
ith the exception of one large parcel now used as a
temporary parking lot, the area is built-out.
• Th
e Cen
tral Cam
pu
s - T
his area is the historic core of the campus. Its
uses include functions such as dining and campus stores as w
ell as residence halls. T
he Parrish Law
n is the dominant, perm
anent and unifying landscape. A
strong east-west transept bisects this zone north of
Sharples D
ining Hall. A
lthough some new
development m
ay occur in this zone, these tw
o dominating open space features should be preserved.
Beyond the southern end of P
arrish Lawn is the B
orough center. The
strong visual connection from P
arrish to the railroad station and the B
orough represents, as it has historically, the link from academ
ia to the w
orld beyond.L
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February 20, 2002
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WIL
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, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
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Green
Sp
aces D
efine C
amp
us
Ch
aracter
WIL
LIA
M R
AW
N A
SS
OC
IAT
ES
, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
Green spaces, m
ore so than architectural style, define the character of this cam
pus. Sw
arthmore's landscape is the unifying elem
ent that integrates disparate styles of buildings. P
arrish Lawn, T
he East-W
est Transept, C
rum
Woods, the P
resident's Lawn, and C
unningham F
ields shape the Cam
pus and provide outdoor interaction areas for students, faculty and staff. S
maller, m
ore intimate landscaped spaces such as Lang F
ragrance G
arden, Cosby C
ourtyard, Nason G
arden, Bond R
ose Garden and H
arry W
ood Garden further enhance our pedestrian experience. F
uture open spaces w
ill be developed as clearly identifiable spaces, each with its ow
n characteristics.
The C
ollege has a very special stewardship relationship to the C
rum
Woods, C
rum C
reek and to its watershed. T
his relationship requires diligence in preserving this im
portant asset.
Th
e Ped
estrian E
xperien
ce T
he College w
ill continue to supplement open areas w
ith appropriate features to create a pedestrian environm
ent that fosters informal
interaction and provides security for daytime and nighttim
e walkers.
Sw
arthmore is a w
alking campus. P
edestrian barriers should be minim
ized and sim
ple direct paths to all important and highly used entrances should
be provided. A clear hierarchy of paths and a defined vocabulary of
paving materials should be continued across cam
pus areas.
ST
UD
EN
TS
ON
TH
E M
AIN
LAW
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WIL
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, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
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ebruary 20, 2002
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Future developm
ent of the College is lim
ited by the desire to m
aintain the green spaces that define the S
warthm
ore campus. In
order to maintain this definition, the follow
ing areas should be reserved as open space use:
1. TH
E M
AIN
LAW
N 2. T
HE
TR
AN
SE
PT
3. CR
UM
WO
OD
S 4. T
HE
PR
ES
IDE
NT
'S LA
WN
5. NO
RT
H C
AM
PU
S 6. C
UN
NIN
GH
AM
FIE
LDS
7. LOW
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8. SC
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2
1
6
7
8
WE
ST
LAW
NE
AS
TLA
WN
The M
ain Lawn is the m
ost mem
orable single space at S
warthm
ore College. It captures the
unique character of the campus and unifies
the academic com
munity w
hile organizing the various sectors of the C
ollege. The strength
of this single space is made m
ore interesting by the diversity resulting from
the differences found on the surrounding eastern and w
estern sides.
WIL
LIA
M R
AW
N A
SS
OC
IAT
ES
, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
LA
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ebruary 20, 2002
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- Significantly larger than other spaces
- Greater affect on the organization of the surrounding cam
pus
(SH
OW
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T T
HE
SA
ME
SC
ALE
AS
SW
AR
TH
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LLEG
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WIL
LIA
M R
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N A
SS
OC
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, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
LA
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ebruary 20, 2002
A m
ajor east-west visual and pedestrian
corridor connecting the Main Law
n with the
eastern and western parts of cam
pus and with
views of the C
rum W
oods.
Located at the base of the east-west R
idge Line and plateau, the T
ransept open space is defined by the topography of the cam
pus.
The T
ransept connects the Main Law
n to the broader cam
pus while reinforcing
the differences on either side:
TH
E W
ES
TE
RN
TR
AN
SE
PT
:
- Large, interconnecting open spaces- V
isual connection to the Crum
Woods
- Important collection of large trees
TH
E E
AS
TE
RN
TR
AN
SE
PT
:
- Contained by W
orth Hall
- Cam
pus buildings form a buffer zone
in front of Chester R
oad- N
arrowing of open space allow
s for the placem
ent of a building without the
termination of the open space.
PR
INC
IPL
E T
HR
EE
-C:
TH
E T
RA
NS
EP
T O
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AN
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S A
S
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DA
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OP
EN
SP
AC
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WIL
LIA
M R
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N A
SS
OC
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ES
, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
LA
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- SW
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ebruary 20, 2002
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:T
hree S
ided
Op
en
Sp
aces Integ
rate B
uild
ing
s and
L
and
scape
WIL
LIA
M R
AW
N A
SS
OC
IAT
ES
, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
The S
warthm
ore campus has a dom
inate typology of open spaces with
differing scale by single three sided buildings and collections of buildings that form
three sides of an open space, with the fourth edge open to the
landscape. This three-sided quality creates open spaces that are both
contained and connected to the surrounding environment.
Successful exam
ples of three-sided open spaces occur when the space
acts as an entry court for a building or group of buildings and when the
space benefits from a sunny, southw
estern exposure. The continuation of
this typology should occur in future development using such successful
examples as W
harton and Worth H
alls. Unsuccessful exam
ples are those w
eher the open space has little to do with access or to southerly exposure.
WO
RT
H H
ALL
WH
AR
TO
N H
ALL
WO
RT
H H
ALLL
AN
D U
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AN
AL
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IS - S
WA
RT
HM
OR
E C
OL
LE
GE
February 20, 2002
The 3-S
ided Open S
pace typology can be found at tw
o different scales on the S
warthm
ore Cam
pus:
- Defined by
a collection of separate buildings
- Defined by
a single building
TH
E M
AIN
LAW
NL
AN
D U
SE
PL
AN
NIN
G P
RIN
CIP
LE
SB4
PR
INC
IPL
E F
OU
R:
3-SID
ED
OP
EN
SP
AC
ES
IN
TE
GR
AT
E B
UILD
ING
S A
ND
LA
ND
SC
AP
E
400100
0200
WIL
LIA
M R
AW
N A
SS
OC
IAT
ES
, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
LA
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NA
LY
SIS
- SW
AR
TH
MO
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CO
LL
EG
EF
ebruary 20, 2002
LA
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LA
NN
ING
P
RIN
CIP
LE
FIV
E:
Orth
og
on
al A
lign
men
t Defin
es C
enter o
f Cam
pu
s
Bu
ildin
gs at
Cam
pu
s Perim
eter R
elate to B
oro
ug
h
WIL
LIA
M R
AW
N A
SS
OC
IAT
ES
, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
The strong east-w
est ridge line and plateau establish an orthogonal alignm
ent for Parrish H
all, for the Main Law
n and for the organization of the entire C
entral Cam
pus. This pow
erful framew
ork also organizes the N
orth Cam
pus. As a result the cam
pus topography insures variety while
this orthogonal alignment insures integration and cohesion throughout the
center of campus.
At the juncture betw
een the campus perim
eter and the Borough, cam
pus developm
ent aligns with the streets and buildings of the B
orough. This
occurs regardless of the use or scale of the buildings. This fram
ework
organizes the edge of the campus at:
The N
ear North N
eighborhood T
he Hinge B
lock C
entral Cam
pus (along Chester R
d) Low
er Cam
pus H
avard Ave S
ite M
ary Lyons Site
OR
TH
OG
ON
AL A
LIGN
ME
NT
OF
TH
E E
DG
E O
F T
HE
EA
ST
LAW
N
CLO
TH
IER
HA
LL A
ND
PA
RR
ISH
HA
LL
LA
ND
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NA
LY
SIS
- SW
AR
TH
MO
RE
CO
LL
EG
EF
ebruary 20, 2002
WIL
LIA
M R
AW
N A
SS
OC
IAT
ES
, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
LA
ND
US
E A
NA
LY
SIS
- SW
AR
TH
MO
RE
CO
LL
EG
EF
ebruary 20, 2002
The C
enter of the Sw
arthmore C
ampus is
aligned with both P
arrish Hall and the R
idge Line at the top of the M
iddle Level of C
ampus. C
ampus places that respond to
this alignment are:
- The M
ain Lawn
- The C
entral Cam
pus - T
he North C
ampus
RID
GE
LIN
E
LA
ND
US
E P
LA
NN
ING
PR
INC
IPL
ES
B5P
RIN
CIP
LE
FIV
E:
OR
TH
OG
ON
AL A
LIGN
ME
NT
D
EF
INE
S C
EN
TE
R
OF
CA
MP
US
600200
0400
The developm
ent of the Cam
pus has follow
ed the orthogonal alignment of P
arrish H
all and its ridge line, however at strong
perimeter conditions the cam
pus deviates from
this alignment. T
his occurs at:
- The N
ear North N
eighborhood - T
he Hinge B
lock - T
he Lower C
ampus
- The H
arvard Ave. S
ite - M
ary Lyons Site
BU
ILDIN
GS
AT
CA
MP
US
P
ER
IME
TE
R R
ELA
TE
TO
B
OR
OU
GH
LA
ND
US
E P
LA
NN
ING
P
RIN
CIP
LE
SIX
:P
erimeter
Veh
icular
Circu
lation
P
reserves Cam
pu
s L
and
scape
WIL
LIA
M R
AW
N A
SS
OC
IAT
ES
, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
On the S
warthm
ore campus pedestrian pathw
ays are definitively more
important than vehicular access. P
arking and vehicular circulation are (and should continue to be) kept at the perim
eter of the campus. A
limited
amount of short term
and special user parking shall be provided at strategic locations w
ithin the campus.
Decked parking should be considered for future parking dem
and. Parking
of this type - limited by the general scale and height of cam
pus structures - is an im
portant tool in preserving open space.
GA
TE
TO
WH
ITT
IER
PLA
CE
PE
DE
ST
RIA
N C
IRC
ULA
TIO
N T
O B
UILD
ING
EN
TR
AN
CE
S
PE
DE
ST
RIA
N N
ET
WO
RK
INT
EG
RA
L TO
CA
MP
US
LAN
DS
CA
PE
S
LA
ND
US
E A
NA
LY
SIS
- SW
AR
TH
MO
RE
CO
LL
EG
EF
ebruary 20, 2002
Vehicular C
irculation follows the edges of the
campus, w
ith minor service routes to cam
pus buildings. T
his allows the central parts of the
campus to rem
ain strictly pedestrian, with a
special exception for Vehicular A
ccess to P
arrish Hall, a route often associated w
ith a visitor's first im
pression of the campus.
Rule: E
xisting Prim
ary V
ehicular Road A
t Perim
eter of C
ampus
Misc. S
ervice Circulation
Special E
xception Vehicular
Road to P
arrish Hall
LA
ND
US
E P
LA
NN
ING
PR
INC
IPL
ES
B6P
RIN
CIP
LE
SIX
: P
ER
IME
TE
R V
EH
ICU
LAR
C
IRC
ULA
TIO
N P
RE
SE
RV
ES
C
AM
PU
S LA
ND
SC
AP
E
400100
0200
WIL
LIA
M R
AW
N A
SS
OC
IAT
ES
, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
LA
ND
US
E A
NA
LY
SIS
- SW
AR
TH
MO
RE
CO
LL
EG
EF
ebruary 20, 2002
LA
ND
US
E P
LA
NN
ING
P
RIN
CIP
LE
SE
VE
N:
Cam
pu
s Co
nn
ects to
Bo
rou
gh
WIL
LIA
M R
AW
N A
SS
OC
IAT
ES
, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
The C
ollege and the Borough are physically adjacent in m
any places, and each connecting area has a unique character. T
he College is linked to the
business district of the Borough at the locus of the train station. T
he C
ollege seeks to create connections between cam
pus life and the com
mercial life of the B
orough. Developm
ent of an inn at the eastern edge of the cam
pus (near the South E
ntrance) may be one opportunity to
foster this connection.
Other cam
pus planning tools may be em
ployed to advance connections betw
een the Cam
pus and the Borough. S
ite placement of new
buildings, orientation of building entrances, and design of the open spaces that occur along the C
hester Road edge of the cam
pus can help to reduce barriers and invite connections betw
een the "town" and "gow
n."
VIE
W A
LON
G C
HE
STE
R R
OA
D
VIE
W T
O C
UN
NIN
GH
AM
FIE
LDS
FR
OM
CH
ES
TE
R R
OA
D
VIE
W U
P M
AIN
LAW
N T
OW
AR
DS
PA
RR
ISH
HA
LL
LA
ND
US
E A
NA
LY
SIS
- SW
AR
TH
MO
RE
CO
LL
EG
EF
ebruary 20, 2002
VIE
W
BO
RO
UG
H O
F
SW
AR
TH
MO
RE
WIL
LIA
M R
AW
N A
SS
OC
IAT
ES
, Architects, Inc. - B
oston, MA
LA
ND
US
E A
NA
LY
SIS
- SW
AR
TH
MO
RE
CO
LL
EG
EF
ebruary 20, 2002
LA
ND
US
E P
LA
NN
ING
PR
INC
IPL
ES
B7P
RIN
CIP
LE
SE
VE
N:
CA
MP
US
CO
NN
EC
TS
TO
B
OR
OU
GH
:
TO
PH
ILA
DE
LP
HIA
RA
ILWA
Y
CH
ES
TE
R R
OA
D
VIE
W
PE
DE
ST
RIA
N LIN
K
RA
ILW
AY
S
TA
TIO
N
4000
200600