Land and housing security for the urban poor

Patrick Guinness

Urban informal settlements

Illegible, ugly, unruly padat, kumuh, miskin

kampung diversity

• Pegawai and wong cilik

• Landowner and pengindung

• House owner and contract/ rent / board

• Brick and cement, wood and bamboo

• Rukun Kampung – community of RW and RT neighbourhoods

Relational poverty

• Three structuring forces – Abidin Kusno –– Creative destruction of capital growth

– Violence of state categories

– Vernacular environment of kampong

– (Intn. Jnl. Urban Sciences 19; 1, 2015)

• Marginalised, rather than marginal

Informalising strategies

• Land – pajak bumi dan bangunan

• housing – recycled, scrounged materials

• Employment – self employed, casual

• social services – credit, health

• governance – RW and RT

• Infrastructure – pathways, washing, mosque

• Culture - kampungan

Formalising the informal

• making legible, regulating, controlling, rendering technical

• ‘Self perpetuating spiral of deterioration’ when rural becomes urban - Zhu and Simarmata Land Use Policy 43, 2015

Banjarsari Park Solo989 vendors

Kampung Deret Jakarta

Formalising the wong cilik

• Wong cilik lose control of process

• Commoditisation of space

• Not just a settlement but a culture and society

• Property is a nexus of relations

• Loss of trust in state

• Porter et al Planning Theory and Practice 12; 1, 2011

• Van Voorst 2014 Here comes the Flood

Empowering the kampung

Empowering wong cilik

• 2006 earthquake

• 2009 flood

• UPP/ PNPM ‘Community Empowerment’

– Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat - KSM

– Badan Keswadayaan Masyarakat - BKM