MUG LUG. .

Lal NOI 8Au

T!PI

CHlfONG 1

cAc D~C DIEM CUA HoA HQC PHAN TICH HIEN DAI

1.1. M~c dich, nhi~m v~ 5

] .1.1. Hoa hQc phan tich hi~n d~i 5

1.1.2. cac d~g phan rich, gi& h~ phat hi~n 8

1.1.3. D9 dung va d

1.2.3.cae phuongphilpphantfchhoa hQC(e6di~n) 30

1.2.4.cae phuongphapphantfchly-hoa 33

1.2.5. Cae phuong philp phan tfch v~t ly ...".. 37

1.2.6. Cae phuong philp phan ehia va co d~e 44

1.2.7. Cae phuong philp phan tich t6 hQ'p 18

1.2.8. So sanh phuong phap 52

1.3. Doi tuQ'ng phan tich 56

1.3.1. Cae kim 1o'.livaeaehQ'pkim 57

1.3.2. Cae chat s'.leh (cae chat tint khiet) 57

1.3.3. Cae nguyen li~u khoang v~t 61

1.3.4.Moitruemg , 63

1.3.5. Doi tuqngvG trl.l 69

1.3.6. Oie ehathiiu co 72

1.3.7. HoahQe phan tfcheae nguyen to 73

1.4. Ki~m tra san xuat 73

1.4.1. Phong thf nghi~m nha may 73

1.4.2. Luy~n kill den 74

1.4.3. Luy~n kill mall 75

1.4.4. Cong ngh~ hoa hQe 76

1.4.5. Nong nghi~p 76

1.4.6. SlJehu~n hoa va nhat quail v~ cae phuong philp 77

.1.5. cae di~u ki~n eho slJphat tri~n, tien be? 78

1.5.1. Thiet bi, may eho phan tfch 78

1.5.2. Hoa chat 79

1.5.3. cae mall ehu~n " 81

608

1.5.4Nguon tai li~ukhoa hQc ""'" 82

, 1.5.5. Su dinh huoog trong nghien ciIu 83

1.5.6. cac trung tam nghien cuu khoa hQCphan tfch ... 83

1.5.7.Giangd'.lyhoahQCphantfch 84

1.5.8.Quanh~hqpticqu6cte 84

1.5.9. Ketluip1 85

CHVONG 2

MQT SO D~NHLV! T, BIEU THUC, KHAI NIEM

DUNG TRONG HoA HQC PH AN.TicH

2.1. Tr

2.5.3.S,!phanly cua cacaxilyellva caebaw yeu... 103

2.5.4.Phanli1lgoxihoa-kht'r 114

2.5.5. S,! phan b6 mQt chat giua hai chat long

khongtronhm(m) 115

2.5.6.can bangttrngnac 115

2.6. Dtnh lu~tbaa loankh6i luqnga cac d

3.3.1. Anh huang eua cae can bang eanh tranh

len d(>tan eua caeket tua " 145

3.3.2. Anh huang eua pH len d(>tan 148

B~li~p 186

CHDONG 4

PHAN TICH KHOI LD(jNG

4.1. Tinh ket qua dIJathea cae s6 li~u

eua phep phan rich kh6i luqng 194

4.2. Tinh chat eua cae ket tua va cae chat dung d~ ket tua 201

4.2.1.D91QCduqevad(>s~eheuaket tua 201

4.2.2.Ole ket tua va dinhhinh 206

4.2.3.Ole ket tua tinhth~ 212

4.2.4.Ole sills6 gayra bOisIJe(>ngket 213

4.2.5.Ket tua tu dungdiehdongth~ 214

4.2.6.S1Jsaykhova sIJnungcaeket tua 215

4.3. v~ nhihlg nhuoe di~m eua phuong phap

phan rich kh6i luqng 217

4.3.1.S1Jkea daieua phepphanrichkhOiluqng 218

4.3.2.D9 11h~yeuaphepphanrichkhOiluqng 219

4.3.3. D9 ehinh xae eua cae phuong phap

phantkh kh6iluong 220

4.3.4.Tinhdi;ietnrngeua phuongphapphanrichkh6i luqng 221

611

4.3.5. ung dlJIlgcae phucmgphilpphan tfch kh6i luqng 221

4.4. ung d\:lllgeua phucmgphilp kh6i luqng eua phep phan tfch 221

4.4.1. Ok ehai ket tua 221

4.4.2. Ole thu6c thu vOicae tinh chat khU 222

4.4.3. Ole chat ket rimhfiu eO' : 222

4.4.4. Xae dinh kh6i luqng cae nh6m ehue hfiu cO' 227

4.4.5. Ole phucmgphilpkh6i luqng

xae dinh cae hqp chat hfiu CO'rieng bi~t 227

4.4.6. Ole phucmgphilp ehl1Ilgcat. 229

Bai 4lp 230

CHU'ONG 5

MO DAU VE cAc PHU'ONG PHAp PHAN TicH THE TicH

(CHUAN DO)

5.1. Nhiing kMi ni~m CO'ban 241

5.2. PhanlIngvathu6cthuduq 243

5.2.1.Ole chatehufuI. 245

5.3.1.SI!thayd6inongd(>trongquatrinhehufuId(> 245

5.4. Tfnh ket tua trong cae phuO'ngphilp ehuiin d(> 249

5.4.1.Kh6iluqngducmgluqnghaymiliducmgluqng

trongcaephanlIngaxil- baw 250

612

5.4.2. Khoi lw;mgduong luQUgtrang cae phan Ungoxi hoa - khu251

5.4.3. cae khoi luQUgduong luQUg

trongcaephanUngket tuava~o phlre 253

5.4.4. cae khoi luQUgduong luQUgeua cae hqp chat

khong tharn gia twe tier vao phan Ungehu~n d(> 255

5.4.5. cae don V!Dongd(>duqc dung d~ tinh trong ehu~ d(> 257

5.4.6. M(>tso bi~u thue qUaIltr 262

CHlfONG 6

CHVAN DQ KET TlJA

6.1. Cae duang eong ehu~n d(>ket tua 278

6.1.1. Sl;Tco nghia eua cae ehu so trang cae phep tinh

duOng eong ehu~n d(> 280

6.1.2. Cae yell to gay flUh huang den d(>r6

eua di~m tuong duong 281

6.1.3. DuOngeong ehu~n d(>cae bOnhqp 284

6.1.4. Cae chat chi th! boa hQe eua phuong phap

ehu~n d(>ket tua 287

6.1.5. Cae phuong phap khae eua vi~e phat hi~n

di~m euoi ehu~n d(> 296

6.2. (Tngd\lng phuong phap ehu~n d(>ket tua 296

Bai t~p 298

613

CHUONG 7

LY THUY1h CHUAN DO AXIT -BAZO DOl YOIcAc HE DON GIAN YA PHUC TAP

A. Cae h~don ghin

7.1. cae thuoc thu chwln doi v6i phep chu~n d(>axit - bazO'. 304

7.2. Cae chat chi thi dung cho phep chu~n d(>axil - baZO' 305.

7.2.1. Ly thuyet ve xu s,! cua cae chat chi tm ,305

7.2.2. cae dip1gcua cae chat chi tm axil - baw. 307

7.2.3. cae sai so chu~ do v6i cae chat chi tm axil - baw. 312

7.2.4. Cae yell to gay i'mh huang den each xu s,!

cua cae chat chi thi 313

7.3. Chu~n d(>m(>taxil mtbaZO'mm(>taxil mtbaw mm(>tbaw m

7.5. Ok duang eong ehu~n dQhon hQ'pmot axil m

phl!ong phap chuAn dQ axit-baza 393

8.2.1. Phan tich nguyen to 394

8.2.2. Xtic d!nh cac chat vo C0 399

8.2.3 Xac dinh cac nh6m chuG cac h9P eMt hUll eo 402

Bid ~p 405

CHlfONG 9

CHVAN DO AXIT-BAZO

TRONG cAc MOl TRlfONG KHONG Nlfoc

9.1. Cac dung moi dung eho phep ehuAndQkhOngnl!0e. 416

9.1.1.Cae phan u-ngaxit-baza

trong cae dung moi amfiproton (ll!C1ngtfnh) 418

9.1.2. Cae phan ung axit-baza trong cae dung moi

amproton va cae dung moi hon-h9p 427

9.1.3. Vi~e phat hi~n di~m euoi khi ehuAndQ

trong cae dung moi khOngnl!0e. 427

9.2. O'ngdlJngeua phep ehuAndQ

trong cae dung moi khOngnl!0e. 428

9.2.1.ChuAndQtrong axil axetie loang 428

9.2.2. ChuAndQtrong cae dung moi baza 431

9.2.3.ChuAndQtrongcaedungmoiamprotonhaytrungtfnh 433

Bai t~p 433

616

CHUaNG 10

CHUAN DO T~o PHUC

10.1. Chuan d9 bang cae ligan t

12.2. cac cM"tchi thi oxi boa - khu 530

12.2.1. cac chat chi thi boa h9C..., 530

12.2.2. awn cac chat chi thi boa h9C 53612.2.3. Xae dinh di~n the di~m cuoi 53612.2.4. Ket lu~ 537

Bai t*p 538

CHUaNG 13, ?,;/ A

UNG D()NG CUA PREP CHUAN D(>

OXI HoA -KnIT13.1. cac thuoc thu phl,l 541

13.1.1. cac chat oxi hoa 542

13.2. Kali pemanganat , 54513.2.1. cac phan lffigcua ion pemanganat 547 .13.2.2. Di~m cuoi 546

13.2.3. D('JMn cua cae dung dich pemanganat 54713.2.4. Di6u che, chuan boa va bao quan

cac dung dich pemanganat :... 54813.2.5. Chuan d('Jbang pemanganat trong cac dung dich axit 550

13.3. Xeri boa tri bon (Ce4+) 555

13.3.1. Tinh chat cua cac dung dich xeri (IV) 555

13.3.2. Di6u cM va chuan boa cac dung dich xeri (IV) 557

13.3.3. ung dl,lngcae dung dich xeri (IV) 55813.4. Kali dicromat 558

13.4.1. Di6u che cac dung dich dicromatva cac tinh cMt cua chUng 559

13.4.2.Ung dl,lngdicromat 55913.5. Kali bromat """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 560

13.5.1. cac cMt chi thi chuan d('Jbang bromat " 561

13.5.2. ChuAnd('JtI1!ctiep 561

13.5.3. ung dl,lngbromat d~ lam thuoc thu brom hoa 56113.6. Kali iodat 565

13.6.1. cac phan lffigcua iodat 565

618

13.6.2. Di~m cuoi cila phep chudn dQ btlllg iodat 56613.7. Axit iodic 567

13.7.1. Di~u che cac dung dich axit iodic

va cac tfnh chat cua chung 567

13.7.2. Chudn boa cac dung dich periodat T...568

13.7.3. lrng dl;mg axit iodic 568

13.8. Cac phu