laf dan autoclave_fix
TRANSCRIPT
Theoretical Principles and Practical Skills of Aseptic Manipulations
Maulita Cut Nuria, M.Sc., Apt
Page 1
Definitions
Background
Laminar Air Flow Hoods
Aseptic Technique
Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 2
Definitions
• Enteral
– Of or relating to the intestines
(e.g. by mouth, orally, per tube)
• Parenteral
– Introduced other than by way of the intestines
(e.g. intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous)
• Aseptic Technique
– The technique for manipulations of compoundedsterile products and parenteral preparations thatprevents contamination
Page 3
Definitions (cont.)
• Contamination – any effect or action that has a negativeimpact on a product's integrity making it unfit for use
– Chemical composition
– pH
– Sterility (e.g. microorganism contamination)
– Pyrogenicity
– Biological or therapeutic potency
– Physical appearance
– Particulate matter (e.g. dust, glass or precipitation)
Page 4
Page 5
Background
Sources of product contamination
• People (most common)
– Touch contamination
– Generation of particulates from shedding cells or hair
• Supply air
– Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
• Infiltration
– Particles from adjacent spaces
• Internal generation
– Walls, floors, ceilings, packaging, equipment
Laminar Air Flow Hoods
• The underlying principle of a laminar air flowhood is that a constant flow of HEPA filtered airat a rate of approximately 90 linear feet perminute physically sweeps the work area andprevents the entry of contaminated air
• The hood workspace is used to prevent thecontamination of compounded sterile products.
• HEPA filter - High Efficiency Particulate Air filterremoves 99.97% of all air particles 0.3 mm orlarger
Page 6
Laminar Air Flow Hoods (cont.)
HEPA Filter in Frame
Page 7
Laminar Air Flow Hoods (cont.)
• Horizontal Flow (Laminar Flow Hood)
– Air blows towards worker
• Vertical Flow (Biological Safety Cabinet orChemotherapy Hood)
– Air blows from top down to maintain sterility andprotect the worker
Page 8
Laminar Air Flow Hoods (cont.)
• The HEPA filter is located in the fragile mesh betweenthin metal strips at the back of the hood behind theHEPA filter screen
• Nothing should be permitted to come in contact with theHEPA filter
– NO cleaning solution
– NO aspirate from syringes
– NO glass from ampules
– NO fluids, even if sterile
– DO NOT touch HEPA filter
Page 9
Laminar Air Flow Hoods (cont.)
• Only products essential to product preparationshould be placed in the laminar flow hood tominimize the potential for contamination
Page 10
No Paper, Pens, Calculators, or Labels in the Hood
Laminar Air Flow Hoods (cont.)
• Eating, drinking, and smoking is alwaysprohibited
• Talking or coughing should be directed awayfrom the hood to minimize air flow turbulence
• A mask covering mouth and nose must be wornwhile working in the hood
• The use of a laminar flow hood alone without theobservance of aseptic technique, cannot insureproduct sterility
Page 11
AutoclavesSafe and Effective Use
Principles of Steam Sterilization
Sterilization: the complete destruction of allforms of microbial life, including bacterial spores
Steam under pressure reaches hightemperatures
Page 12
Principles of Steam Sterilization (cont.)
The “killing power” of steam is due to its latentheat of vaporization
– 80 calories: 1 L water to boilingg
– 540 calories: 1 L boiling water to steam
Page 13
Action of Steam
Steam contacts a cooler surface,condenses, causing a huge decrease involume and setting up a negativepressure that draws more steam
Condensation occurs as longg as there isa temperature differential
Action of steam ensures: Surfaceheating, penetration, and proteincoagulation
Page 14
Standard Temperature and Pressure
250 °F (121 °C) and 15 p.s.i.
Berapa atm ?
How Long to Autoclave
Dry goods @ 121 °C
Glassware, empty, inverted
Instruments, wrapped
Utensils, wrapped
Time (min)
15
30
30
Page 16
Special Situations
Media boils out of bottles
– differs among media
Very dense or closed dry objects
– beaker full of microfuge tubes with aluminumfoil covering
Page 17
TERIMAKASIH
Page 18