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  • 7/27/2019 Lacuna: War Crimes in Israeli Law and Court-Martial Rulings (Hebrew)

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    2013

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    2013

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    Civil Conict Resolution Programme o the Institute o Foreign Cultural Relations (Germany), The Norwegian Reugee

    Council, Oxam Novib, Open Society Foundation, The Moriah Fund, the Catholic Agency or Overseas Development

    ..

    - 03-5168563 /

    [email protected]

    www.yesh-din.org, 2013 , -

    (UK.)

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    ".7, ]...[ ), , . (, , ]...[ (. ),

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    "(.9 ) )( " . :, ," . ;28 )'(, ' 6" , ()2(8()23(. , ;)7(51 ',ICRC, Rule 97: Human Shileds". Customary IHLDatabase (http://;''' 3799/02www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_cha_chapter32_rule97); Michael N. Schmitt, Human Shileds in International

    Humanitarian Law". Columbia Journal o Transnational Law 47 (2009), p. 292.

    ,2010 31 7.307-304 ' ( )2013"(, . )

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    , 2011(.

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    .10 , , , : )(, ". )crime o aggression( . ,)( , )( :

    )( , )( .

    .11

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    5 10"][ the most serious crimes o concern tothe ,

    .international community as a whole"

    .Antonio Cassese, International Criminal Law (2008: Oxord University Press, 2nd edition), p. 11-12 11 , , , , , . ,

    .ICRC, Rule 156: Defnition o War Crimes" in Customary IHL Database (http://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/ 12

    .v1_cha_chapter44_rule156)

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    :14 )13( 1949 ' )grave breaches(

    ; )serious violations(

    ,1899 . '1925, ,1907 , )1954( ,)1994( ,)1989(

    . )serious violations(

    ' 3 . 1999 ,1977 1949, ,)1989( ,)1954( ,)1994(

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    .16 15 ) "(:" "", ". , . , 13

    '. ',ICRC, War Crimes under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and their Source in International 14Humanitarian Law. (Geneva: 2008), p. 2.Chile Eboe-Osuji, 'Grave Breaches' as war crimes: much ado about Serious ;81 ' (, 11 )' 15

    Violation'?" Available online at ICC Ofce o the Prosecutor website (http://www.icc-cpi.int).

    (. 12 )' "156 ,ICRC 16

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    :.17 :. , .

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    ( 1949 ' 1951( ' 146 . )grave breaches( , .

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    -1950. 1949 21.65 ' ,1 ,5 -12.1.1951.

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    , 7 )22,)1954 , , 14 23,)1984( , , 9 24,)1993( 15-17 ,)1997(

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    ,)Geiss( )Dormann( . ,:26 ,

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    .485 ' ,7 ,213 -1957. -1954. 22.249 ' ,31 ,1039 -1991. 1986 23

    http://www.opcw.org/about-opcw/non-member-. -1993 24/states

    . 25Knut Dormann and Robin Geiss, The implementation o o grave breaches into domestic legal order". Journal o 26

    .International Criminal Justice (2009, 7(4)), pp. 703-721

    .711-713 ' , 27

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    16

    war crime" means an act or omission committed during an armed conict that, at the

    time and in the place o its commission, constitutes a war crime according to customaryinternational law or conventional international law applicable to armed conicts, whether

    or not it constitutes a contravention o the law in orce at the time and in the place o its

    commission.

    (4) For greater certainty, crimes described in Articles 6 and 7 and paragraph 2 o Article 8 o

    the Rome Statute are, as o July 17, 1998, crimes according to customary international law.

    This does not limit or prejudice in any way the application o existing or developing rules o

    international law.

    . ". , .

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    . 2001-2006 34 17 ), (. ""

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    2002 ) , .(.33

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    ,)Common Law( , 33.)Civil Law(

    .714-715 ' (, 25 )' 34.714 ' , 35

    .7 ' (, 29 )' 36 , 714-715. ' (, 25 )' 37 )ICTR( Bagaragaza , ." , ,Prosecutor v Bagaragaza, Case No. ICTR-05-86-AR11bis, Decision on Rule 11bis Appeal )Aug. 30,." . , 2008 .2006(

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    Principles o International Law Recognized in the Charter o the Nremberg Tribunal and in the Judgment o the 42 International Law Commission- .Tribunal, 1950" .: 6 . ,"Violations o the laws or customs o war include, but are not limited to, murder, ill-treatment or deportation to slave-

    labour or or any other purpose o civilian population o or in occupied territory, murder or ill-treatment o prisoners

    o war, o persons on the seas, killing o hostages, plunder o public or private property, wanton destruction o cities,

    : .towns, or villages, or devastation not justifed by military necessity""Murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation and other inhuman acts done against any civilian population, or

    persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds, when such acts are done or such persecutions are carried on in

    .execution o or in connection with any crime against peace or any war crime."

    ":. ): , 43

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    33.0133 ""'" , 33.0133"' ". . 1949 10

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    ICRC, Rule 153: Command Responsibility or Failure to Prevent, RepressorReport War , .28 , 72.Crimes". Customary IHL Database. (http://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_cha_chapter43_rule153)

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    . Law (Oslo: FICHL, 2010), pp. 19-20

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