laboratory evaluation of insecticides against

Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides against

Fourth-Instar European Pine Sawfly larvae

Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.)

Project No. CC-4

by

P.C. Nigam

Chemical Control Research Institute

Ottawa, Ontario

Information Report CC-X-4

Canadian Forestry Service

Department of Fisheries and Forestry

June, 1970

saknight

Typewritten Text

34816

saknight

Typewritten Text

CONTENTS

Introduction

Method and Material

Experiment and Results

Acknowledgement

References

Appendix

Experiments 1 - 7 (Tables X - 7 S Figures 1 - 6)

Comparative Toxicity at 24, 48 & 72 hours (Tables 8 - 10 & Figures 7 - 9)

List of Insecticides and their Formulations

(Table 11)

Page (P)

1

2

2

3

4

6-18

19 - 24

25

CODES

Mort.

Corr. Mort.

D/T

SBW

cm

Mortality

Corrected Mortality

Dead/Total

gallons per acre

Spruce budworm

Microgram per

square centimeter

^

- 1 -

Introduction

The European pine aawfly, Neodlprlon sertifer (Geoff.) is an

important pest of ornamental tree, and ftrin- «ee plantations,

mutations of this sawfly rarely cause mortality of trees but

defoliation of Christmas tree plantations .ay lower or destroy the market

value of the crops and sometimes prolong the cutting cycle. The insecti

cides used to control this pest in the past were lead arsenate, DDT,

lindane, and dieldrin (Lyons 1964; Kirby and Harnden 1967).

As a substitute for chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, Phos-

phamidon was applied by aircraft over 3,961 acres of sawfly infested

pine plantations in 1966 and successfully controlled this species.

Phosphamidon was selected due to its success in 1965 against Swaine

jacU-pine sawfly, Heodip^n s^ (Midd.) (McLeod 1966 and Randan

and Nigam 1966). However, it is not satisfactory because relatively

high bird mortality was observed in areas where higher dosages were

deposited due to drift and other factors ffigam 1970b). The search for

an insecticide safer to the forest ecosystem and effective against the

various types of sawflies of economic Importance has been continuing

slnce 1965 (Randal! and Xigam 1966; Nigam 1968a and b, 1969a and c;

X97Oa). The present study describes the results of contact toxicity

tests carried out with seven insecticidal compounds against fourth

instar European pine sawfly larvae during 1968 and 1969.

— 2 —

Method and Material

The insecticides and their formulations used in this study are

given in Tahle 11 with their formulae and sources. The insecticides

were sprayed as described by Nigam (1968a, 1969b and 1970a). The

culture o£ fourth instar larvae for toxicological tests was maintained

from eggs collected from southern Ontario. The rearing technique was

very similar to that of the jack-pine sawfly, Neodiprion prattl bank-

sianae (Nigam 1970a). The plan of each experiment is described

individually. The post treatment observations were carried out at

24, 48 and 72 hours intervals (Tables 1-7). The data were processed

for probit analysis using a Unlvac 1108 computer and program S 103

prepared by the Canada Department of Agriculture. (Nigam 1969b).

Experimenta and Results

Seven experiments were carried out using Dibrom, Here 13462,

Iraidan, phosphamidon, S4084, Sumithion and Zectran (Expts. 1-7).

With the exception of phosphamidon, the regression lines of each

insecticide for different periods of observation are presented in

Figs. 1 to 6. The probit analyses for 24, 48 and 72 hours are

tabulated at the end of each experiment, giving the LD5Q and LDg5

values with their fiducial limits and slopes. The comparative toxi-

city study of the different insecticides at 24, 48 and 72 hours is

presented in Tables 8, 9 and 10, along with their relative potencies

and toxicity index at LD5Q and LDg5 levels compared with sumithion.

The comparative regression lines for 24, 48 and 72 hours are given

in Figs. 7, 8 and 9. The effect of the insecticides was completed

within 24 hours as afterwards there is no significant increase in the

x

mortality in all the insecticides tested. There were slight differences

in the slopes of the regression lines of some of the insecticides e.g.

S4084, Hercules 13462 and Imidan in between 24 hours and 48 or 72 hours

observations (Figs. 3, 5 and 6). The b values (slopes) of these insecti

cides are presented in Tables 3, 5, and 7,

The relative potencies are calculated using the LD5Q and LDg5

values of Sumithion as one since this is now being used as a standard

insecticide in forestry. Zectran is 2.5 times more toxic than Sumithion

at the ID level at 72 hours after treatment. Phosphamidon at 72 hours

is only 0.5 times as toxic as Sumithion, i.e. Sumithion

is twice as toxic to this sawfly as phosphamidon. Imidan is the poorest

of all the insecticides tested and Zectran is the best.

Acknowledgement

The author is grateful to Dr. James J. Fettes, Director, Chemical

Control Research Institute, for encouragement and interest in the

project. The technical assistance of Mr. A.S. Danard, Mr. C: Jackson,

and Miss Barbara O'Connell is gratefully acknowledged. Sincere thanks

are due to the staff of Forest Insect and Disease Survey for the

collection of sawfly eggs.

1

REFERENCES

(1) Kirby, C.S. and A.A. Harnden 1967. Aerial spraying of phosphamidon

to control the European pine sawfly in pine plantations in

southern Ontario, 1966. Can. Dept. For. and Rural Dev.,

For. Res. Lab. Ont. Region, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., Internal

Report 0-5, 13 p., Jan. 1967.

(2) Lyons, L.A. 196A. The European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer

(Geoff.) (Hyraenoptera:Diprionidae). A review with emphasis

on studies in Ontario. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ont. 94:5-37

(1963) 1964.

(3) McLeod, J.H. 1966. Aerial spraying operations against the Swaine

jack-pine sawfly in Quebec, 1965. Can. Dept. For., Bi-Mon.

Prog. Rept. 22(l):l-2.

(4) Nigam, P.C. 1968a. Laboratory screening of insecticidal compounds

for comparative contact toxicity against sawflies and

forest tent caterpillar. Can. Dept. For. and Rural Dev.,

Bi-Mon. Res. Notes 24(l):4-5.

(5) Nigam, P.C. 1968b. Activity of insecticides of different chemical

structure against sawflies. Proc. XIII Int. Cong. Entomol.

Moscow (in press).

C6) Nigam, P.C. 1969a. Wide-spectrum toxicity of Zectran against

forest Insect pests. (Abstract). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ont.

100:233-34. (Sept. 1970).

(7) Nigam, P.C. 1969b. Laboratory evaluation of insecticides against

fifth-instar spruce budworm larvae, Choristoneura fumiferana

(Clem.) in 1968. Can. Dept. Fish. & For., Can. For. Ser.,

Information Report CC-X-1, 45 p., Sept. 1969.

- 5 -

(8) Nigam, P.C. 1969c. Sugary of laboratory evaluation of insecticides

against various species of forest insect pests - 1969.

Can. Dept. Fish, and For., Can. For. Ser., Information

Report CC-X-3, 9 p., Nov. 1969.

(9) Nigan,, P.C. 1970a. Toxicity of insecticides against saWfly larvae.

I. Contact: toxicity of orsanophosphates and carhamates to

Seodlprlon grattj banksianae Roh., N. swainei Midd.,

and Pristiphora erichsonii Htg. J. Econ. Entomol. 63(2):

620-4.

(10) Nigam, P.C. 1970b. Toxicity of insecticides to sixth-instar jack-

pine buduorm larvae under laboratory conditions. Can. Dept.

Fish, and For., Bi-Hon. Res. Notes 26(1):2-3.

(11) Randall, A.P. and P.C. Nigam 1966. Toxicity of phosphorus and

carbamate insecticides to spruce budworm and two species of

sawflies. Can. Dept. For., Bi-Hon. Prog. Rep. 22(1):3.

r - 6 -

EXPERIMENT NO. 1

Ob.iect: To determine the contact toxicity of Zectran against, fourth instar European

Pine Sawfly larvae.

Plan of Experiment:

Treatment: Seven (six rates of application -

0.1, 0.2, O.b, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 gpa

and control)

Concentrstion of Insecticide: 0.1 per cent

Replications: Three

No. of larvae per treatment: Thirty

Total No. of larvae utilized: Two hundred and ten

Expt. Code: EPS-1 Computer Code: EPS-ZEC-(l36-158)

J LIKES OF ZECTEAN AGAINST FOURTH HTCTAR KEODIPHIOU SERTMR GEOFF. (EUROPEAN PIKE SAWLY) U8, AHD 72 HOtffiS MEMT

o

2.3

C.2

- 8 -

EXPu,hIMr,NT HO. 2

Object: To determine the contact toxicity of Dibrom against fourth instar Kuropean

Pine Sawfly larvae.

Plan of Experiment:

Treatment: Seven (six rates of application -0.1, 0.2, O.lii 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 gpa and cont rol)

Concentration of Insecticide: 0.1 per cent

Replications: Three

Mo, of larvae per treatment: Tnirty

lotal No. oi larvae utilised: Two hundred and ten

Expt. Code: KPS-6 Computer Code: EPS-DIB-(l'+8-15O)

Table Mo. 2

0.1

0.2

o.h

0.6

0.8

1.0

Control

.011

.023

.073

.097

.128

0/30

0/30

21/30

23/27

28/30

29/30

0/30

0

0

70

85

93

97

0

0

0

70

85

93

97

0/30 0

0/30 0

23/30 77

23/27 85

29/30 9?

29/30 97

0/30 0

0

0

77

85

97

97

0/30 0

1/30 3

25/30 83

23/27 85

29/30 97

30/30 100

0/30 0

Period

LD 50,

ug/em* FL LD 95, ug/an' FL

0

3

83

85

97

100

Findings: The regression lines are given in fig, 2

The summary of probit analysis i3 as follows:

2ii hours S.OOh .1^2-01 .300-01 - .503-01 .9I1I-OI

U8 hours 5.193 .h21-01 .250-01 - .600-01 .87I1-OI

72 hours 5.b6li .390-01 .251-01 - .5140-01 .782-01

.792-01 - .121

.611-01 - .280

.561-01 - .207

Remarks;

FIG. 2.

LUES OP

NTGAM -65

AGAHTST FOURTH XtTSTAE NEOPIPHIOK S5KTIFBB GEOFF. tETJEOPEAK PIHB SAVFLT) 2kt U8» AKD 72 HOURS JLFTEH TREATMENT.

fyf^lp ^

B^C' "•9.8

U..^| I— —i^jr;;;^^-r-t"r::"--t/y:/;r!:::i^~l-"-U— t": = r:!^:u:r/[::j:^;^:;:;:;1|; — i;;::::-:;p::::::Tt:-:;:^--^r -...-■-,..-; :.: :tt : ;:::;;: — ;-:■

97.7

^_. . LAi-rrtrm:-—'—-r-u -": — -----tTr-:r:r b-::ti:;;t;::;::: :^::::i:^t^~iz:--.1:.'.::--. ::-:::;f ■ : ■•;-dr-=r.-^t--:^^:---^r^--^-^:::îi:: :::-p-.:: :

^5^

EHEEI# ^î-

213*33HÊE

±=rlpii:—

T^t±^~:::-4-^--~l^^~--

;-:(::;

iht. i . .n ̂i^r-rî

15-9

2.

0.2

;t™-^:-t

^"p"""^^

^"E^ --iî

_, ; 1--

. -siSs 1*0 0.0

LCG DCShSE (x)

1.0

- 10 -

BJTPKRJHhMT N0.3_

Object: To determine the contact toxicity of S L|081j against fourth

ins tar Kuropean Pine Sawfly larvae.

Plan of Experiment:

Treatment: Seven (six rates of application -

0.1, 0.2, OJ4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 gpa

and control)

Concentration of insecticide: 0.15 per cent

implications: Three

No. of larvse per treatment: Thirty

Total No. of larvee utilized: Two hundred and ten

Expt. Code: EPS-11 Computer Code: BfS-3ljJ}*(121-123)

The summary of probit analysis is as follows:-

FIG* 5.

o

g

2li. liB, AHD 72

^iff

0.2

HUGHES Qm3s-fls-iU4 "ETHIC 0*0

LOG DOSAGE (x)

1.0 2,0

I-1

1

- 12 -

EXPaRIMtWT NO. k

Object: Tn determine the contact toxicity of Sumithion against fourth instar Kuropean

Pine Sawfly larvae.

Plan of Experiment:

Treatment: Sevan (six rates of application -

0.1, 0.2, O.h, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 gpa

and control)


Replications: Three

No, of larvae par treatment: Thirty


Expt. Code: EPS-**. Computer Code:

The summary of probit analysis is as follows:

Period

I.D 50.

ug/ cm FL ug/cm* FL

FIG.

It.

EXPL3IMEHT HO.g

Clyect: To determine the contact toxicity of Hercules 13U62 against

fourth ins tar European Pine Sawfly larvae.

Plan of Experiment:

Treatment: Seven (six rates of application -0.1, 0.2, 0.k, 0.6, 0.3, 1.0 gpa and control)

Concentration of insecticide: 0.1 per cent

Replications: Three


Total Ho. of larvae utilised: Two hundred and ten

Expt, Code: SPS-7 Computer Cede: EPS-H12-(115-117)

2k hours 11.76 .62-01 .57-01 - .66-01 .85-01 ,79-01 - .99-01

1,8 hours 7.91 .53-01 J48-OI - .58-01 .86-01 .77-01 - .10

72 hours 7.36 .51-01 .U5-01 - .55-01 .85-01 .76-01 - .10

Remarks:

o

FIG. 5- tflGAH - 69

Ld-p LBIES OP HERCULES I3I+62 AGAINST FOURTH INSTAE MiOJIFRlOU SEETXFER GEOFF. (EmOPEM PH3E SAWFLY) 2h, U8, AMD 72 HOUES AFTER TREATI4EM1.

^;::jy^r^?;UQ=!H^:;;±l;;;i=!=IfliiM;^ i!Ulj;J;lo wQ:'i:::^=tlll:H:;H^:i ■;;:;...';:.iJôô

:^;|i:$îitiyi3^= i

3-—-I—1—i ——■ -.«™—--■■ —-"-" ■-*—' r : ~: ~" " -*-"--; -* - '' ?T_TT Zl . Z*"^ 1—. 1 ^ ■ <^

[:rT.i^:s r — --, — r_-—:i^^=i-..;::J/.-. J", ■:: i_::;""-::::j--::.:n_îiz^:::;;:::rr=:^r:—: l -. }

:~:n:r^H=!?!:::::::|::iii^- 15.9

0.2

HUGH METRIC 1.0 0.0

LOG DC3AGS (x)

2.0

I

- 16 -

SNI' HO. 6

Object: To determne the contact toxicity of Phosphsmidon against fourth instar

European Pine Sawfly larvae.

Plan of Experiment:

Treatment: Seven (six rstes of application -

0.1, 0.2, O.ii, 0.6, 0'.8, 1.0 gpa and control)

Concantration of Insecticide: 0.1 per cent

Replications: Three

No. of larvae per treatment: Thirty-


Expt. Code: EPS-3 Computer Code: EPS-PHO-(l39_lJ+2)

Table No. 6

Insecticide Mortality Counts After

Remarks:

The summary of probit analysis is as follows:

Period ug/cm* FL 9$,

ug/c-2 FL

- 17 -

EXPSftlMSNT NO. ?

Object: To determine the contact toxicity of Imidan against fourth instar European Pine Sawfly larvae.

Plan of Experiment:

Treatment; Seven (six rates of application -0.1, 0.2, O.h. 0.6, 0.3, 1.0 gpa and control)


Replicatj ons: Three



Kxpt. Code: EPS-5 Computer Code:

Table No. 7

Insecticide Mortality Counts After

2b Hours i|8 Hours 72 Hours

gpa

Dosage % Corr, %

ug/cm D/T Hort. Mort. D/T Mort. %

Hort. D/T Mart.

The summary of probit analysis la as follows:

Period

LD 50,

cm FL LD 95.

cm1 FL

Corr.

Mort.

Remarks:

C

Q.S

—-■_iii;ziT:::rr'1.:Tn^;tih-L:: 1~-""r-""""'"—;?:: ;::: :J.n:^:.^—"'~"";-: " ~ p ■■-.:• '■■r.:r '•' i— '" L--..1 '„—-'—■■. ■ -■■-■■■»"-■" rr:"L"T7t:;:.:....:'.' :;t--tt?: ^zzi—rzr:z^rz^~^:^:t^- ..^-^—• —«^—■■ "_!__>. — -n—. 'i ■ ' l.__. /::_":^1"'-'" —r 1 ^_ . :.::^:^^:"j:jr~Tr—T r -~.:.;:.i~-:'-1. ::;■:;:■_:■.:::

;^_u:r:i: . !"^-d'Sn:n^^7rrrtr-~"'-—~---V-r.::r.r.::::^.-,r. " """""ililll !' .■? " i ' ■ ■- --• : ":~ —■--■ ?:-rr::ryvi:^::.^:.l~."---^-- --- ■■:■ 1 r^ZllI L^~—'Hlii^-^.m '' ■■■——--- ! ;■—:.tr-~—'."'~T~ :! ""a;\—/f'. ~J.JJ";.:;;:::!:::""" ^^■■-:!::-:-:"^-"t:::4-""*"1";-:;t —' V "•'

^^£^^^^fe:i^H^^^Ht^-Hr^^Hi^n^^^^---^^^^--""-'""^^^-1"""^'"1,!^^;^" | ,.,,.4 ^Ij_.l:::::-: TZ""" IZ|'"'.'.^.'~'..i: -^^'

^^rr^iE-rn^^^m:l^rri— Srn.—::::-.-t:--"^^-;- ^^-""^--r-^r:. ^ -/■-/--■■■; ...; „ . -■-:--^^Lr.:-r.~u.-^;"t-^.::l;"--^r,:;::-:....j.

:_;::::: l;;:—V-'i:T:-:

£»rf—:t:;tt=:

attains

1.0 HUGI-

0.0

LOG DOSAGE (x)

1.0

H 00

Table 8t Toxicity of Insecticides to European Pice Sawfly Larvae at 2k Hours After Trestioent

NIGAK - 69 FIG. 7-

"COMPAEATIVE Ld-p LLHES OF INSECTICIDES AGAINST FOURTH HTSTAR KEODIPRION SERTIFER GEOFF.

(EDROFKA2J PXHE SAWLY) FOR 2h HOURS AFTER TREATMEMT.

— ■; ._.'.! J -

.---;- t ^ ^. ^■-■^» [-

—J:™:: :rr,—r=t"

iE

•_±~r-:: -^."- : ■■■'■

^tT-"H*Ll"r7"TJ~nT/:':::-'"::f :""":~" f~7"'"""7" 7" ' :" ::::t' i":'- j "" -".-- :.::n:rr|~r: : : ;"~t

=4^

Hi

T"j :tj^":

:&tXP

— ::i™TTT:::rj^rr::;

t"i"~"

i*dai

sUHI^filCB

fi.-ZECSHAJlJ

99-3

■97.7

8^,2

50.0

15.9

2.3

0*2

1 s 51i8 Tnr T7C

o

j

LOG DOSAG

Table 9: Toxicity of Insecticides to European Pine Sawfly Larvae at h& Hours After Treatment

fig. a. tJIGAH - 69

COMPARATIVE Ld-p LINES OF INSECTICIDES AGAINST FOURTH HTSTAR KSODIPR10H SEHTIFER GEOFF.

(EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY) FOR US HOURS AFTER TREATMENT.

„—:.r--:\^-:j-,:^i7^!.. jr..i\-\{...:.■■;::-:■■■■"

, 1—-C LI—L« 1!—!—:—"/ " " f———^' ■. t^.z'.'. : .

; .._ .. ■ #7TP T 'T

- ^=1.^ iiis

■* 1 — ' ■ ' ] ]

; •*- zis: nz^i =r: %r~ fzrrz ̂ ^T71; ~ U ̂Si^TT:'.—'.

—._".. -.-j:.. :-■■:) ,-- ry.'^'.'.^r.__-^-:t":t t:...

" — J !

■ I 1-

" ' ,-■—-—*.

— - - } » — —i -.-■■.

TXS

ode;

■&

*t|/

-£-

C-ra

F^

iiv5

"Q-IBRGM

^5UMI

:3iO

*- -■ -I - ^' —^ —

-;HE5C-1^62r:-

-miDwi—

^K>8^

^HICKH r

HAS:

99,8

97-7

50*0

15.9

0,2

LCG EOSAGS (x)

-tv6-2.0

Table 10: Toxioity of Insecticide to European Pine S-fly tar« at 72 Hour, After

Fiducial

Limits

Relative

Potency

Zectran

Dibrcjn

S UO8I4

Suraithioa

Here X3U62

Fhosphsmidon

Imidan

I

- 69.

FIG. 9-

i. ■■ ■ — i i ■—iii '—■I;;p. ]. ;,,,.»-'--. -...,,. -T+- j—.*•■••-— ■*■■■;:;. .1 ■■^4- ■-■» — --[ —-4- *' li: ' _j! -J !-,.,<---*£- — ZZZ- -.! I ......— ■-- • * - - - - ■ •':.: X— — ^^-—--- — - -

8 M

i:.:::"'"'::::::^ Sk.2 a

o

>

PI

3 o

3

HUGHES OWlK"l55-5llSMEIBlC T_, 1W1«! /v\

.5

0-2

LOG DOSAGE (x)

No. Name

1. Dibroi

(30* E.C.)

2. Here 13^62

1. Imldai

{\2% E.C.)

li. Fhosphamidon

)

5. S UoSli

6. E.G.)

Table 11: List of Insecticides and Sources

Type

organo-phosphate

contact

organ O"phosphate

systemic

organo-phosphate

contact

organo-phosphate

systemic

organo-phosph ate

organo-phosphate

systemic

7- ^sr^.«i.i.) ^temi°

0,0-dimethyl (

phosphorothioate

me thylcarbamate

Dow

A. I. - Active Ingredient E. C. - amuisifiable Concentrate

W. M. - Water Miscible

laboratory evaluation of insecticides against

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