labor movement. the national labor union 1866 founded by william sylvis called for 8 hour work...
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![Page 1: Labor Movement. The National Labor Union 1866 founded by William Sylvis called for 8 hour work day 1872, formed Labor Reform Party 1873, depression](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697c02e1a28abf838cda31e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Labor Movement
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The National Labor Union
1866 founded by William Sylviscalled for 8 hour work day1872, formed Labor
Reform Party1873, depression hits =
union dissolved
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Great Railroad Strike, 1877
Panic of 1873 RR decrease wages 10% Spontaneous Strikes began across nation Governors call in militia = violence 18 people killed in Penn. All trains shut down Over 100 people killed First incidence of violence in labor movement
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Molly Maguires
Irish Miners in Pennsylvaniasecret organizationcommitted acts of sabotage & murder infiltrated by Pinkertons10 men convicted of murder &
hangedMollies Defeated, mining conditions
worsen
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Knights of Labor
founded in 1878by Terrence V. Powderlymembership open to all workers
skilled & unskilledmen & womenall races, religions, & ethnic
groups
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Goals of Knights8 hour dayend to child laborend to convict laborequal pay for women &
minoritiessafety codes for workplacenationalization of RR &
telegraph
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Haymarket Square, 1886 May Day
demonstration for 8 hour day
Strike at McCormick reaper factory, Chicago
May 4th rally in Haymarket Square
3000 attend
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Bomb thrown--7 policemen dead
Police fire on crowd—12 dead
Newspapers blame unions
8 anarchist arrested & charge with instigation
4 hanged, 1 suicide, 3 jailed then aquitted
Destroyed Knights of Labor
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United Mine Workersfounded by John L LewisGoals:
8 hour dayend child labor in minessafety codes for mineshealth care for workers with
“Black Lung”
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American Railway Union founded by Eugene
Debs, 1893sought to unite all
workers on Railroads
wanted shorter hours & better wages
Debs jailed during Pullman Strike
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IWW: IndustrialWorkers of the World founded in 1905 lead by Big Bill Haywood
also Joe Hill & Mary Harris “Mother” Jones revolutionaries
Lawrence Textile Mill Strike“Bread & Roses”
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AFL: American Federation of Labor
founded 1881by Samuel Gompers
full-time union officials to...organize, negotiate, control strikes
skilled workers onlyno women or minorities
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