lab safety/hazard communications training presented by don

Environmental Health and Safety

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Texas A&M UniversityTexas A&M University--KingsvilleKingsvilleLab Safety/Hazard Lab Safety/Hazard

Communications TrainingCommunications Training

Presented by Presented by Don Don MarekMarek


Topics Relative to Lab SafetyTopics Relative to Lab Safety

Why are we covering this?Why are we covering this?Material Safety Data Sheets (Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSsMSDSs))Labeling and Marking SystemsLabeling and Marking SystemsMicroMicro--Biological SafetyBiological SafetyEmergency ProceduresEmergency ProceduresExperimental ProtocolExperimental Protocol


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Hazard Communication ActHazard Communication Act

§ 502.009. EMPLOYEE EDUCATION PROGRAM. (a) An employer shall § 502.009. EMPLOYEE EDUCATION PROGRAM. (a) An employer shall provide an education and training program for employees who use provide an education and training program for employees who use or or handle hazardous chemicals.handle hazardous chemicals.

(b) An employer shall develop, implement, and maintain at the w(b) An employer shall develop, implement, and maintain at the workplace orkplace a written hazard communication program for the workplace that a written hazard communication program for the workplace that describes how the criteria specified in this chapter will be metdescribes how the criteria specified in this chapter will be met..

(c) An education and training program must include, as appropri(c) An education and training program must include, as appropriate: ate: (1) information on interpreting labels and(1) information on interpreting labels and MSDSsMSDSs and the relationship and the relationship

between those two methods of hazard communication;between those two methods of hazard communication;(2) the location by work area, acute and chronic effects, and s(2) the location by work area, acute and chronic effects, and safe handling afe handling

of hazardous chemicals known to be present in the employees' worof hazardous chemicals known to be present in the employees' work k area and to which the employees may be exposed;area and to which the employees may be exposed;



(g) An employer shall keep the written hazard communication pro(g) An employer shall keep the written hazard communication program and a record gram and a record of each training session given to employees, including the date,of each training session given to employees, including the date, a roster of the a roster of the employees who attended, the subjects covered in the training sesemployees who attended, the subjects covered in the training session, and the sion, and the names of the instructors. Those records shall be maintained fornames of the instructors. Those records shall be maintained for at least five at least five years by the employer. The department shall have access to thosyears by the employer. The department shall have access to those records and e records and may interview employees during inspections.may interview employees during inspections.

(h) Emergency service organizations shall provide, to their mem(h) Emergency service organizations shall provide, to their members or employees bers or employees who may encounter hazardous chemicals during an emergency, inforwho may encounter hazardous chemicals during an emergency, information on mation on recognizing, evaluating, and controlling exposure to the chemicarecognizing, evaluating, and controlling exposure to the chemicals.ls.

(i) As part of an outreach program created in accordance with S(i) As part of an outreach program created in accordance with Section 502.008, the ection 502.008, the director shall develop an education and training assistance progdirector shall develop an education and training assistance program to assist ram to assist employers who are unable to develop the programs because of sizeemployers who are unable to develop the programs because of size or other or other practical considerations. The program shall be made available tpractical considerations. The program shall be made available to those o those employers on request.employers on request.

Acts 1989, 71st Leg.,Acts 1989, 71st Leg., chch. 678, § 1,. 678, § 1, effeff. Sept. 1, 1989. Renumbered from V.T.C.A., Health & Safety Code. Sept. 1, 1989. Renumbered from V.T.C.A., Health & Safety Code § 502.010 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd § 502.010 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd

Leg.,Leg., chch. 528, § 1,. 528, § 1, effeff. Sept. 1, 1993. Sept. 1, 1993..http://www.capitol.state.http://www.capitol.state.txtx.us/statutes/docs/HS/content/.us/statutes/docs/HS/content/htmhtm//hshs.006.00.000502.00..006.00.000502.00.htmhtm


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(3) the proper use of protective equipment and first aid treatm(3) the proper use of protective equipment and first aid treatment to be used with ent to be used with respect to the hazardous chemicals to which the employees may berespect to the hazardous chemicals to which the employees may be exposed; exposed; andand

(4) general safety instructions on the handling, cleanup proced(4) general safety instructions on the handling, cleanup procedures, and disposal of ures, and disposal of hazardous chemicals.(d) Training may be conducted by categorieshazardous chemicals.(d) Training may be conducted by categories of of chemicals. An employer must advise employees that information ischemicals. An employer must advise employees that information is available on available on

the specific hazards of individual chemicals through thethe specific hazards of individual chemicals through the MSDSsMSDSs. Protective . Protective equipment and first aid treatment may be by categories of hazardequipment and first aid treatment may be by categories of hazardous chemicals.ous chemicals.

(e) An employer shall provide additional instruction to an empl(e) An employer shall provide additional instruction to an employee when the oyee when the potential for exposure to hazardous chemicals in the employee's potential for exposure to hazardous chemicals in the employee's work area work area increases significantly or when the employer receives new and siincreases significantly or when the employer receives new and significant gnificant information concerning the hazards of a chemical in the employeeinformation concerning the hazards of a chemical in the employee's work area. 's work area. The addition of new chemicals alone does not necessarily requireThe addition of new chemicals alone does not necessarily require additional additional training.training.

(f) An employer shall provide training to a new or newly assign(f) An employer shall provide training to a new or newly assigned employee before ed employee before the employee works with or in a work area containing a hazardousthe employee works with or in a work area containing a hazardous chemical.chemical.


Texas A&M UniversityTexas A&M University--KingsvilleKingsville

Hazard CommunicationsHazard Communications

Material Safety Data Material Safety Data SheetsSheets


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Hazard CommunicationsHazard CommunicationsMaterial Safety Data SheetsMaterial Safety Data Sheets

•• Company Company InformationInformation

•• Hazardous Hazardous IngredientsIngredients

•• Physical DataPhysical Data•• Fire and Explosion Fire and Explosion

DataData•• Health Hazard DataHealth Hazard Data

•• Reactivity DataReactivity Data•• Spill & Leak Spill & Leak

ProceduresProcedures•• Special Protection Special Protection

InformationInformation•• Special PrecautionsSpecial Precautions



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Material Safety Data Sheets:Material Safety Data Sheets:Your RightsYour Rights

These These MSDSsMSDSs must be available to must be available to you the entire time you are in the you the entire time you are in the workplace.workplace.


Material Safety Data Sheets:Material Safety Data Sheets:Your RightsYour Rights

If you request to see a copy of If you request to see a copy of an MSDS for a product you an MSDS for a product you use, and your employer use, and your employer cannot provide it; after one cannot provide it; after one working day, you may refuse working day, you may refuse to use that product or work to use that product or work in an area where it is being in an area where it is being used.used.


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MSDS Sheets Available on the MSDS Sheets Available on the InternetInternet

Chemical companies provided MSDS Chemical companies provided MSDS information. Here is a list of government information. Here is a list of government and private sites:and private sites:

http://www.http://www.ilpiilpi.com/.com/msdsmsds//


Texas A&M UniversityTexas A&M University--KingsvilleKingsvilleHazard CommunicationsHazard Communications

Labeling and Marking Labeling and Marking SystemsSystems


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Labeling: Hazard Labeling: Hazard Communication ActCommunication Act

§ § 502.007. LABEL. 502.007. LABEL. (a) A label on an existing container of a hazardous chemical ma(a) A label on an existing container of a hazardous chemical may not be removed y not be removed

or defaced unless it is illegible, inaccurate, or does not confoor defaced unless it is illegible, inaccurate, or does not conform to the OSHA rm to the OSHA standard or other applicable labeling requirement. Primary contstandard or other applicable labeling requirement. Primary containers must be ainers must be relabeled with at least the identity appearing on the MSDS, the relabeled with at least the identity appearing on the MSDS, the pertinent pertinent physical and health hazards, including the organs that would be physical and health hazards, including the organs that would be affected, and affected, and the manufacturer's name and address. Except as provided by Substhe manufacturer's name and address. Except as provided by Subsection (b), ection (b), secondary containers must be relabeled with at least the identitsecondary containers must be relabeled with at least the identity appearing on y appearing on the MSDS and appropriate hazard warnings.the MSDS and appropriate hazard warnings.

(b) An employee may not be required to work with a hazardous ch(b) An employee may not be required to work with a hazardous chemical from an emical from an unlabeled container except for a portable container intended forunlabeled container except for a portable container intended for the immediate the immediate use of the employee who performs the transfer.use of the employee who performs the transfer.

Acts 1989, 71st Leg.,Acts 1989, 71st Leg., chch. 678, § 1,. 678, § 1, effeff. Sept. 1, 1989. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg.,. Sept. 1, 1989. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., chch. 528, § . 528, § 1,1, effeff. Sept. 1, 1993.. Sept. 1, 1993.


Hazard CommunicationsHazard CommunicationsLabeling and Marking Labeling and Marking

SystemsSystems

NFPA (National Fire Protection NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) DiamondsAssociation) DiamondsHMIS (Hazardous Material Identity HMIS (Hazardous Material Identity System) LabelsSystem) LabelsUniform Laboratory Hazard Signage Uniform Laboratory Hazard Signage SystemSystem


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NFPA DiamondsNFPA DiamondsColor coded, Color coded, numerical rating numerical rating systemsystemWill be located near Will be located near main entrances, fire main entrances, fire alarm panels, or on alarm panels, or on outside entrance outside entrance doorsdoorsProvide atProvide at--aa--glance glance hazard informationhazard information



NFPA DiamondsNFPA DiamondsBlue = HealthBlue = HealthRed = FlammabilityRed = FlammabilityYellow = InstabilityYellow = InstabilityWhite = Special White = Special hazard informationhazard information


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NFPA DiamondsNFPA Diamonds4= Deadly Hazard4= Deadly Hazard3= Severe Hazard3= Severe Hazard2= Moderate Hazard2= Moderate Hazard1= Slight Hazard1= Slight Hazard0= No Hazard0= No Hazard


Labeling and Marking Systems Labeling and Marking Systems HMIS (Hazardous Material Identity HMIS (Hazardous Material Identity

System) LabelsSystem) LabelsDesigned to go on Designed to go on individual containers individual containers of products that of products that don’t have don’t have manufacturer’s manufacturer’s labelslabelsSame color Same color code/numerical code/numerical rating system as the rating system as the NFPA diamondsNFPA diamonds


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Labeling and Marking Labeling and Marking Systems HMIS LabelsSystems HMIS Labels

Blue = HealthBlue = HealthRed = FlammabilityRed = FlammabilityYellow = InstabilityYellow = InstabilityWhite = Personal White = Personal Protective Equipment or Protective Equipment or special protection special protection informationinformationNumerical Rating of 0Numerical Rating of 0--44


HMISHMIS--PPE (white part label)PPE (white part label)

A = Safety glassesA = Safety glassesB = Safety glasses, glovesB = Safety glasses, glovesC = Safety glasses, gloves, chemical apronC = Safety glasses, gloves, chemical apronD = Face shield, gloves, chemical apronD = Face shield, gloves, chemical apronE = Safety glasses, gloves, dust respiratorE = Safety glasses, gloves, dust respiratorF = safety glasses, gloves, chemical apron, dust respiratorF = safety glasses, gloves, chemical apron, dust respiratorG = Safety glasses, gloves, vapor respiratorG = Safety glasses, gloves, vapor respiratorH = Splash goggles, gloves, chemical apron, vapor respiratorH = Splash goggles, gloves, chemical apron, vapor respiratorI = Safety glasses, gloves, dust and vapor respiratorI = Safety glasses, gloves, dust and vapor respiratorJ = Splash goggles, gloves, chemical apron, dust and vapor J = Splash goggles, gloves, chemical apron, dust and vapor

respiratorrespiratorK = Air line hood or mask, gloves, full chemical suit, bootsK = Air line hood or mask, gloves, full chemical suit, bootsX = Ask SupervisorX = Ask Supervisor


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You should never have any You should never have any unattended, unlabeled unattended, unlabeled

containers in your workplace!containers in your workplace!


LabelingLabeling

For collected samples and prepared For collected samples and prepared solutions, write chemical name in long solutions, write chemical name in long hand, date mixed, your name, and hand, date mixed, your name, and professor.professor.


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Uniform Laboratory SignageUniform Laboratory SignageLocated on Located on laboratory and laboratory and chemical storage chemical storage area doorsarea doorsPictographs depict Pictographs depict worst hazards worst hazards present in lab or present in lab or areaarea


Warning SignsWarning Signs


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Hazard CommunicationsHazard CommunicationsThe Written PlanThe Written Plan

A copy is available in each laboratory and A copy is available in each laboratory and online.online.


Hazard CommunicationsHazard CommunicationsThe Written PlanThe Written Plan

If you are exposed to a hazardous If you are exposed to a hazardous substance at work or injured, substance at work or injured, you should report it to your you should report it to your

supervisor who will complete an supervisor who will complete an “Employee Exposure Report “Employee Exposure Report

Form”Form”


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Chemical Inventory ListChemical Inventory List

•• Chemical Inventory Lists (Chemical Inventory Lists (CILsCILs) are ) are available online in the Public Folder called available online in the Public Folder called ““DeptlabinfoDeptlabinfo” under CHEMICAL ” under CHEMICAL INVENTORY.INVENTORY.

•• I can’t maintain this list alone. If you order I can’t maintain this list alone. If you order a chemical, please tell me so it can be a chemical, please tell me so it can be added to the list. I must submit this list to added to the list. I must submit this list to the university’s Environmental Health and the university’s Environmental Health and Safety Department once a year. Safety Department once a year.

•• PLEASE do not move chemicals around PLEASE do not move chemicals around from room to room. If you use it, put it back!from room to room. If you use it, put it back!


Good Laboratory PracticesGood Laboratory Practices

•• No smoking, food or beverages in the labsNo smoking, food or beverages in the labs•• Required PPE must be worn while in the lab Required PPE must be worn while in the lab

(goggles, gloves, close toed shoes, long pants)(goggles, gloves, close toed shoes, long pants)•• Aisles & exits are free from obstructionAisles & exits are free from obstruction•• Lab benches must be cleaned, disinfected or Lab benches must be cleaned, disinfected or

decontaminated after work is completeddecontaminated after work is completed•• Do not use hoods for storageDo not use hoods for storage•• Work surface is protected from contaminationWork surface is protected from contamination•• Heavy objects are confined to lower shelvesHeavy objects are confined to lower shelves•• Glassware is free from crack, breaks or chipsGlassware is free from crack, breaks or chips•• Broken glass containers are not usedBroken glass containers are not used


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Messy LabMessy Lab


Cleanup after Cleanup after yourself!yourself!


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General Safe Handling ProceduresGeneral Safe Handling Procedures

•• Date chemicals upon receiptDate chemicals upon receipt•• Store chemicals according to hazard class Store chemicals according to hazard class --

NOT alphabeticallyNOT alphabetically•• No breakable containers on floorNo breakable containers on floor•• No hazardous chemicals above 5’6”No hazardous chemicals above 5’6”•• Minimize chemicals stored in the areaMinimize chemicals stored in the area•• Keep chemical labels in good conditionKeep chemical labels in good condition


You are the expertYou are the expert on the hazards on the hazards of materials in your possession.of materials in your possession.

•• know properties ofknow properties of biologicalsbiologicals/chemicals you use /chemicals you use beforebefore you handle themyou handle them

•• Know what appropriate work practices are & use Know what appropriate work practices are & use themthem

•• know what the know what the worst case scenarioworst case scenario is for a spill of the is for a spill of the chemicals you usechemicals you use

•• Think about Think about how you will reacthow you will react to a spill of the to a spill of the materials you usematerials you use

•• know what appropriate cleanknow what appropriate clean--up procedures are for up procedures are for the materials you usethe materials you use


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Nuisance SpillsNuisance Spills

Spills of less than 4L of material that Spills of less than 4L of material that you know the hazards of and are you know the hazards of and are comfortable cleaning up thatcomfortable cleaning up thatyou have the ability to clean upyou have the ability to clean up

assess the hazardassess the hazardwear appropriate PPEwear appropriate PPE

If you are unsure of the hazard of a spill or need If you are unsure of the hazard of a spill or need assistance with PPE selection, assistance with PPE selection,

call Safetycall Safety


Potentially Hazardous SpillsPotentially Hazardous Spills

Spills ofSpills of–– greater than 4Lgreater than 4L–– smaller spills of materials ofsmaller spills of materials of

low LDlow LD50 50

carcinogenscarcinogensflammable liquids or metalsflammable liquids or metalscompounds of unknown toxicitycompounds of unknown toxicity


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Clean Up ProceduresClean Up Procedures

Have a clean up kit with the following:Have a clean up kit with the following:•• Absorbent materialAbsorbent material•• Plastic scoopPlastic scoop•• Several plastic bagsSeveral plastic bags•• Sodium bicarbonate and citric acidSodium bicarbonate and citric acid•• Chemically resistant gloves and gogglesChemically resistant gloves and goggles•• 55--gallon plastic bucketgallon plastic bucket


Preventing SpillsPreventing Spills

Eliminate clutterEliminate clutterKnow proper work practices for Know proper work practices for biological, chemical materials you usebiological, chemical materials you useUse unbreakable secondary containersUse unbreakable secondary containersStore chemicals properlyStore chemicals properlyDispose of waste and excess chemicals Dispose of waste and excess chemicals in a timely mannerin a timely manner


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PreparationPreparation

•• What are the physical and toxicological What are the physical and toxicological properties of the biological and chemical properties of the biological and chemical materials you use?materials you use?

•• What is the worst thing that could happen if What is the worst thing that could happen if you dropped/spilled a bottle of each chemical you dropped/spilled a bottle of each chemical you use?you use?–– inconvenienceinconvenience–– skin burnsskin burns–– firefire–– chemical exposure ( fatality? permanent injury?)chemical exposure ( fatality? permanent injury?)


NIOSH Pocket Guide to NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards (NPG)Chemical Hazards (NPG)

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npg.htmlhttp://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npg.html

The NPG is intended as a source of general industrial The NPG is intended as a source of general industrial hygiene information on several hundred hygiene information on several hundred chemicals/classes for workers, employers, and chemicals/classes for workers, employers, and occupational health professionals. The NPG does not occupational health professionals. The NPG does not contain an analysis of all pertinent data, rather it contain an analysis of all pertinent data, rather it presents key information and data in abbreviated or presents key information and data in abbreviated or tabular form for chemicals or substance groupings tabular form for chemicals or substance groupings (e.g. cyanides, fluorides, manganese compounds) (e.g. cyanides, fluorides, manganese compounds) that are found in the work environment. The that are found in the work environment. The information found in the NPG should help users information found in the NPG should help users recognize and control occupational chemical recognize and control occupational chemical hazards.hazards.


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Waste DisposalWaste Disposal

•• Separate waste streams by typeSeparate waste streams by type (biological, (biological, chemical)chemical)

•• Use approved containers for each Use approved containers for each waste streamwaste stream

•• Label all containers with approved Label all containers with approved labelslabels

•• Do not allow waste to accumulate on Do not allow waste to accumulate on floors, in corners or under shelvesfloors, in corners or under shelves


Chemical StorageChemical Storage

•• Incompatible materials must be segregatedIncompatible materials must be segregated•• Corrosives & flammables must be stored Corrosives & flammables must be stored

below eye levelbelow eye level•• Unused & outdated materials must be Unused & outdated materials must be

disposed of properlydisposed of properly•• Safety carriers must be used to transport all Safety carriers must be used to transport all

chemicalschemicals•• Lab carts must have side railsLab carts must have side rails


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Caustic Chemical HazardsCaustic Chemical Hazards

•• Acids & Bases (organic and inorganic) Acids & Bases (organic and inorganic) •• ex. :ex. : HClHCl, Nitric Acid,, Nitric Acid, NaOHNaOH, phenol,, phenol,

triethylaminetriethylamine•• skin burnsskin burns•• permanent eye damagepermanent eye damage•• inhalation hazardsinhalation hazards•• Know the differences in hazards between Know the differences in hazards between

concentrated vs. dilute solutionsconcentrated vs. dilute solutions


Wooden Cabinet Wooden Cabinet with Secondary Containmentwith Secondary Containment


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Flammable Storage CabinetFlammable Storage Cabinet


Flammability HazardsFlammability Hazards

•• Location, location, locationLocation, location, location•• Ignition sourcesIgnition sources•• VentilationVentilation•• Other fuels in the areaOther fuels in the area

–– Don’t store more than 10 gallons of Don’t store more than 10 gallons of flammable liquids outside of flammable flammable liquids outside of flammable liquid storage cabinets per laboratoryliquid storage cabinets per laboratory


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Flammables and CombustiblesFlammables and Combustibles

•• Keep container closed when not in useKeep container closed when not in use•• Do not use near open flame or ignition sourceDo not use near open flame or ignition source•• Flammable liquids:Flammable liquids:

–– Store in flammable storage cabinetsStore in flammable storage cabinets–– Ground and bond containers over 5 gallonsGround and bond containers over 5 gallons–– Refrigerate in a Refrigerate in a lab safe lab safe refrigerator if refrigerator if

necessarynecessary


Flash PointFlash Point -- The lowest temperature at which a The lowest temperature at which a liquid has sufficient vapor pressure to form an liquid has sufficient vapor pressure to form an

ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquidliquid

Chemical Flash PointAcetone -2.2 FAcetonitrile 42.0 FMethanol 51.8 FDiethyl Ether - 54.0 FGasoline - 45.0 F


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ReactivesReactives

•• Store in isolation from other chemicalsStore in isolation from other chemicals•• Make efforts to substitute with less hazardous Make efforts to substitute with less hazardous

materialsmaterials•• Dispose of peroxide forming compounds within Dispose of peroxide forming compounds within

one year if not opened; if opened, dispose within one year if not opened; if opened, dispose within 6 months unless regularly tested for absence of 6 months unless regularly tested for absence of peroxidesperoxides

•• Make sureMake sure pyrophoricspyrophorics and waterand water reactivesreactives are are sufficiently covered by their solventsufficiently covered by their solvent

•• Keep picric acid moistKeep picric acid moist


OxidizersOxidizers

Oxidizers are substances that increase the Oxidizers are substances that increase the burning of fuels by increasing the oxygen.burning of fuels by increasing the oxygen.

Organic peroxidesOrganic peroxides

Other oxidizersOther oxidizers concentrated nitric acid,concentrated nitric acid,sodium sodium hypocholoritehypocholorite (bleach)(bleach)


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OxidizersOxidizers

Health HazardsHealth HazardsAcute Effects Acute Effects -- inflammation/destruction of inflammation/destruction of

tissue, severe irritation of the upper tissue, severe irritation of the upper respiratory tract, irritation of nose and eyesrespiratory tract, irritation of nose and eyes

Chronic Effects Chronic Effects -- damage to the nervous damage to the nervous system, fertility disorders, carcinogenic system, fertility disorders, carcinogenic (chromium compounds)(chromium compounds)


Flammables and CombustiblesFlammables and Combustibles

Health HazardsHealth HazardsAcute Effects Acute Effects -- headache, dizziness, nausea, headache, dizziness, nausea, dry and irritated skin, watery and stinging dry and irritated skin, watery and stinging eyes, inflammation of eyelids.eyes, inflammation of eyelids.Chronic Effects Chronic Effects -- general damage to lungs, general damage to lungs, liver, kidneys, possible cancer risk.liver, kidneys, possible cancer risk.


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Compressed GasesCompressed Gases

Physical Hazards:Physical Hazards:•• Sudden release of gas may propel cylinder at Sudden release of gas may propel cylinder at

high speeds with extreme forcehigh speeds with extreme force

Health Hazards:Health Hazards:•• Varies based on gas in cylinderVaries based on gas in cylinder•• Check MSDS for specific health hazardsCheck MSDS for specific health hazards


Compressed GasesCompressed Gases

•• Ventilate area where gases are usedVentilate area where gases are used•• Identify cylinders by name, not colorIdentify cylinders by name, not color•• Firmly close valve when not in useFirmly close valve when not in use•• Keep safety cap on cylinder when not in useKeep safety cap on cylinder when not in use•• Firmly secure cylinders during storage and Firmly secure cylinders during storage and

useuse


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RadioactivityRadioactivity

•• At this time, the department does not At this time, the department does not directly work with radioactive materials directly work with radioactive materials of any type.of any type.

•• (3) Gas Chromatographs do have a (3) Gas Chromatographs do have a small Nismall Ni--63 source for the ECD which is 63 source for the ECD which is marked. The source, when disposed, is marked. The source, when disposed, is classified as Low Level Radioactive classified as Low Level Radioactive WasteWaste


MicroMicro--Biological SafetyBiological Safety

1.1. Treat all microorganisms as potential pathogens.Treat all microorganisms as potential pathogens.2.2. Sterilize equipment and materials.Sterilize equipment and materials. All materials, media, All materials, media,

tubes, plates, loops, needles,tubes, plates, loops, needles, pipetespipetes, and other items used for , and other items used for culturing microorganisms should be sterilized by autoclaving. culturing microorganisms should be sterilized by autoclaving. Otherwise, use commercially sterilized products. Understand Otherwise, use commercially sterilized products. Understand the operation and safe use of all equipment and materials the operation and safe use of all equipment and materials needed for the laboratory.needed for the laboratory.

3.3. Disinfect work areas before and after use.Disinfect work areas before and after use. Use a Use a disinfectant, such as a 10% bleach or 70% ethanol solution, to disinfectant, such as a 10% bleach or 70% ethanol solution, to wipe down benches and work areas both before and after wipe down benches and work areas both before and after working with cultures. working with cultures.

4.4. Wash your hands.Wash your hands. Use a disinfectant soap to wash your Use a disinfectant soap to wash your hands before and after working with microorganisms.hands before and after working with microorganisms.NondisinfectantNondisinfectant soap will remove surface bacteria and can be soap will remove surface bacteria and can be used if disinfectant soap is not available. Gloves may be worn used if disinfectant soap is not available. Gloves may be worn as extra protection.as extra protection.


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Microbiological Safety (cont.)Microbiological Safety (cont.)

5.5. Never Never pipetepipete by mouth.by mouth.6.6. Do not eat or drink in the lab,Do not eat or drink in the lab, nor store food in nor store food in

areas where microorganisms are stored. Never eat areas where microorganisms are stored. Never eat or drink in the laboratory while working with or drink in the laboratory while working with microorganisms. microorganisms.

7.7. Label everything clearly.Label everything clearly. All cultures, chemicals, All cultures, chemicals, disinfectant, and medias should be clearly and disinfectant, and medias should be clearly and securely labeled with their names and dates. If they securely labeled with their names and dates. If they are hazardous, label them with proper warning and are hazardous, label them with proper warning and hazardous information. hazardous information.


Microbiological Safety (cont).Microbiological Safety (cont).

9.9. Autoclave or disinfect all waste material.Autoclave or disinfect all waste material. All items to be discarded All items to be discarded after a class, such as culture tubes, culture plates, swabs, after a class, such as culture tubes, culture plates, swabs, toothpicks, wipes, disposable transfer needles, and gloves, shoutoothpicks, wipes, disposable transfer needles, and gloves, should ld be placed in a biohazard autoclave bag and autoclaved 30 to 40 be placed in a biohazard autoclave bag and autoclaved 30 to 40 minutes at 121° C at 20 pounds of pressure. If no autoclave is minutes at 121° C at 20 pounds of pressure. If no autoclave is available and you are not working with pathogens, the materials available and you are not working with pathogens, the materials can can be covered with a 10% bleach solution and allowed to soak for atbe covered with a 10% bleach solution and allowed to soak for atleast 1 to 2 hours.least 1 to 2 hours.

10.10. Clean up spills with care. Cover any spills or broken culture Clean up spills with care. Cover any spills or broken culture tubes with a 70% ethanol or 10% bleach solution; then cover tubes with a 70% ethanol or 10% bleach solution; then cover with paper towels.with paper towels. After allowing the spill to sit with the disinfectant After allowing the spill to sit with the disinfectant for a short time, carefully clean up and place the materials in for a short time, carefully clean up and place the materials in a a biohazard autoclave bag to be autoclaved. Wash the area again wibiohazard autoclave bag to be autoclaved. Wash the area again with th disinfectant. Never pick up glass fragments with your fingers ordisinfectant. Never pick up glass fragments with your fingers or stick stick your fingers into the culture itself; instead, use a brush and dyour fingers into the culture itself; instead, use a brush and dustpan. ustpan. If working with animal or plant pathogens, keep the area clear aIf working with animal or plant pathogens, keep the area clear and nd notify your instructor.notify your instructor.


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BiosafetyBiosafety Level 1:Level 1:

oo A basic level of containment that relies on standard A basic level of containment that relies on standard microbiological practices with no special primary or secondary microbiological practices with no special primary or secondary barriers recommended, other than a sink forbarriers recommended, other than a sink for handwashinghandwashing..

oo Biosafety Biosafety Level 1 practices, safety equipment and facilities are Level 1 practices, safety equipment and facilities are appropriate for undergraduate and secondary educational trainingappropriate for undergraduate and secondary educational training and and teaching laboratories. Moreover, it classifies other facilities teaching laboratories. Moreover, it classifies other facilities where work where work is done on defined and characterized strains of viable microorgais done on defined and characterized strains of viable microorganisms nisms not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans. Bacillusnot known to cause disease in healthy adult humans. Bacillus subtilussubtilus,,Naegleria gruberiandNaegleria gruberiand the infectious canine hepatitis virus are the infectious canine hepatitis virus are representative of those microorganisms meeting these criteria. Mrepresentative of those microorganisms meeting these criteria. Many any agents not ordinarily associated with disease processes in humanagents not ordinarily associated with disease processes in humans are, s are, however, opportunistic pathogens that may cause infection in thehowever, opportunistic pathogens that may cause infection in theyoung, the aged andyoung, the aged and immunodeficientimmunodeficient oror immunosuppressedimmunosuppressedindividuals. Vaccine strains which have undergone multiple inindividuals. Vaccine strains which have undergone multiple in--vivo vivo passages should not be consideredpassages should not be considered avirulentavirulent simply because they are simply because they are strains.strains.


Emergency ProceduresEmergency Procedures

Prepare yourself by:Prepare yourself by:•• Reading the MSDS prior to useReading the MSDS prior to use•• Know where emergency equipment is Know where emergency equipment is

locatedlocated--eyewash, shower, first aid kit, fire eyewash, shower, first aid kit, fire extinguisherextinguisher

•• South Texas Poison CenterSouth Texas Poison Center--Emergency Emergency Phone: (800) 222Phone: (800) 222--12221222

•• Emergency contact numbers: Fire, UPD 911, Emergency contact numbers: Fire, UPD 911, (2611)(2611)


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CHEMICAL CONTACTCHEMICAL CONTACT•• Flush eyes for 15 to 20 minutesFlush eyes for 15 to 20 minutes•• Flush from inside to outsideFlush from inside to outside•• Do not apply neutralizers or creamsDo not apply neutralizers or creams•• Seek medical attentionSeek medical attention



CHEMICAL CONTACT WITH SKINCHEMICAL CONTACT WITH SKIN•• Remove contaminated clothingRemove contaminated clothing•• Flush the skin for 15 to 20 minutesFlush the skin for 15 to 20 minutes•• Do not scrub affected areaDo not scrub affected area•• Do not put on contaminated clothingDo not put on contaminated clothing•• Seek medical attentionSeek medical attention


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INHALATION OF CHEMICAL VAPORSINHALATION OF CHEMICAL VAPORS•• Get to fresh air immediatelyGet to fresh air immediately•• Seek medical attentionSeek medical attentionINGESTION OF CHEMICALSINGESTION OF CHEMICALS•• Seek medical attention immediatelySeek medical attention immediately


Experimental ProtocolExperimental Protocol

•• Research chemicals you will be using (MSDS Research chemicals you will be using (MSDS Sheets, NIOSH Pocket Guide)Sheets, NIOSH Pocket Guide)

•• Substitute a nonSubstitute a non--carcinogenic compound carcinogenic compound whenever possible (ENGINEER the whenever possible (ENGINEER the experiment).experiment).

•• Know procedure to handle chemical spills Know procedure to handle chemical spills and materials on hand before beginning.and materials on hand before beginning.

•• Know emergency proceduresKnow emergency procedures..


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Chemical InjuriesChemical Injuries

Acid Burn of Arm

Alkali Burn

Blisters caused by ethyl aziridinyl formate


Chemical Eye InjuriesChemical Eye Injuries

Severe Acid (left) and Mild Acid Injury

Mild Alkali InjurySevere Alkali Injury

lab safety/hazard communications training presented by don

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