• Read the lab before you start.• Listen carefully and quietly when

I need to announce something.• Keep your lab area free of

books, food, unnecessary items.• Report accidents to me

immediately.

• Know the location of safety equipment.

• ALWAYS:– Wear safety goggles when

working with hazardous chemicals.

– Point substances being heated over Bunsen burners AWAY from people.

– Dispose of waste in the proper receptacle.

– Smell substances by wafting air towards you over the top of the container.

• Light burners following the correct procedure.

• NEVER:– Perform “creative” experiments unless

you have permission.

Never-– Never taste as lab substances unless

instructed.

• Never pick up broken glass with your bare hands

Pour acid into water, NOT water into acid

• Failure to adhere to these safety regulations will result in immediate termination of the lab you are presently working on well, as well as possible future labs.

• You or your parents will be held financially responsible for all equipment broken through neglect or misuse.

Reading Volume

Always read volume from the bottom of the meniscus. The meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid in a narrow cylindrical container.

Try to avoid errors.

CorrectIncorrect

Measuring Volume Read the volume using all certain digits

and one uncertain digit. Certain digits are determined

from the calibration marks on the cylinder. The uncertain digit (the last digit of the reading) is estimated.

Estimate the uncertain digit and take a reading

The volume in the graduated cylinder is 52.8 mL.

25mL graduated cylinder What is the volume of liquid in the graduate?

_ _ . _ mL1 1 5

10 mL GraduateWhat is the volume of liquid in the graduate?

_ . _ _ mL6 26

Measuring Mass - The Beam Balance

Balance Rules In order to protect the balances and ensure accurate results, a number of rules should be followed:

Always check that the balance is level and zeroed before using it.

Never weigh directly on the balance pan. Always use a piece of weighing paper to protect it.

Do not weigh hot or cold objects. Clean up any spills around the balance

immediately.

Determining Mass

1. Place object on pan

2. Move riders along beam, starting with the largest, until the pointer is at the zero mark

Check to see that the balance scale is at zero

Read Mass

_ _ _ . _ _ _1 1 4 4 9 7