lab report exp 3 g13.docx

8/18/2019 Lab Report Exp 3 G13.docx

1/19

CDB 3052 Chemical Engineering Laboratory II Jan 2016

Experiment 3 – RTD in Packed Bed

Lab Instructor : Haswin Kaur

Group ember! "

#

o

#ame ID

!ar"am binti #asaruddin $%&'

( )u*entt+er ,-L .+antra/arnam $%01

3 #ur Kamaru2 )"aaba+ #* binti !o+amad

Ha4

$00

( ,bdu2 ,iman bin ,bdu2 Lati5 $3%

3 6an Intan #adia+ binti Bor+aruddin 770&

1$0 %BJEC&I'E(


2/19

In t+is experiment8 we are usin* tubu2ar reactor to e/a2uate t+e residence9time distribution RTD; in packed bed< Packed Bed reactor consists o5main2" a /ertica2 *2ass co2umn packed wit+ *2ass Rasc+i* rin*s< T+e e=ecto5 2i>uid L; and *as ?; 5eed rates on t+e mean residence time andde*ree intensit"; o5 2i>uid9p+ase axia2 dispersion is e/a2uated durin* t+is

experiment<

6e wi22 obser/e two modes o5 t+e experiment w+ic+ are mode and pu2se<Eac+ mode consists o5 two di=erent @ow w+ic+ are co9current @ow w+erebot+ *as and 2i>uid @ows in t+e same direction and counter9current @oww+ere bot+ 2i>uids @ow on t+e opposite direction to eac+ ot+er< T+econducti/it" o5 #a.2 so2ution is recorded and RTD is e/a2uated b" t+eca2cu2ation based on t+e conducti/it" and concentration o5 #a.2<

2$0 &)E%*+ T+e residence time distribution RTD; o5 a c+emica2 reactor is a probabi2it"distribution 5unction t+at describes t+e amount o5 time a @uid e2ementcou2d spend inside t+e reactor< .+emica2 En*ineers use t+e RTD toc+aracteri4e t+e mixin* and @ow wit+in reactors and to compare t+ebe+a/ior o5 rea2 reactors to t+eir idea2 mode2s< T+is is use5u28 not on2" 5ortroub2es+ootin* existin* reactors8 but in estimatin* t+e "ie2d o5 a *i/enreaction and desi*nin* 5uture reactors<

T+e RTD is determined experimenta22" b" inAection an inert c+emica28mo2ecu2e8 or atom8 ca22ed a tracer8 into t+e reactor at some time t % andt+en measurin* t+e tracer concentration8 .8 in t+e eCuent stream as a5unction o5 time< In addition to bein* a nonreacti/e species t+at is easi2"detectab2e8 t+e tracer s+ou2d +a/e p+"sica2 properties simi2ar to t+ose o5t+e reactin* mixture and be comp2ete2" so2ub2e in t+e mixture< It is a2sos+ou2d not adsorb on t+e wa22s or ot+er sur5aces in t+e reactor< T+e 2atterre>uirements are needed so t+at t+e tracers be+a/ior wi22 +onest2" re@ectt+at o5 t+e materia2 @owin* t+rou*+ reactor<

T+e two most used met+ods o5 inAection are pu2se input and step input


3/19

3$0 E,-E*IE#& DE(IG#

3uid 5rom t+es"stem<

b; .o9current !ode

< irst2"8 we per5orm t+e *enera2 start9up procedure<(< Fa2/es F(8 F1 and F$ remain c2osed 5or co9current mode w+i2e

/a2/es F3 and F0 is opened<3< Pump P is switc+ed onuid @owrate o5 0%% m2-min<1< Gpen /a2/e F'< Gpen /a2/e F7 to obtain a *as @owrate o5 Lmin0< Gbser/e t+e conducti/it" readin* o5 .T( and 2et it stabi2i4es at

2ow /a2ue<'< Dosin* pump P( was switc+ed on and /a2/e F0 was open to

b2eed o= an" air trapped in t+e tubin*<&< .2ose /a2/e F0< Gpen /a2/e F% and start timer simu2taneous2"


4/19

Record conducti/it" readin* .T( at min inter/a2<7< .ontinue recordin* unti2 conducti/it" readin* is constant<

$< Repeat t+e experiment wit+ *as @ow rate o5 (


5/19

2i>uid @owrate o5 0%% m2-min<1< Gpen /a2/e F'< Gpen /a2/e F7 to obtain a *as @owrate o5 Lmin0< Gbser/e t+e conducti/it" readin* o5 .T( and 2et it stabi2i4es at

2ow /a2ue<'< Dosin* pump P( was switc+ed on 5or ( minutes and /a2/e F%

was c2ose and pump P( was stopped<&< .2ose /a2/e F0< Gpen /a2/e F% and start timer simu2taneous2"<

Record conducti/it" readin* .T( at min inter/a2<7< .ontinue recordin* unti2 conducti/it" readin* is constant<

$< Repeat t+e experiment wit+ *as @ow rate o5 (


6/19

% ( 1 ' 7 % ( 1 '

Graph o/ Concentration gL ! &ime min

.ounter9.urrent .o9.urrent

&ime min

i*ure : ?rap+ o5 .oncentration /s Time

% ( 1 ' 7 % (

%

(

1

'

7

%

(

Et ! &ime min


&ime min

Et

i*ure ( : ?rap+ o5 Et; /s Time


7/19

.ounter .urrent .o .urrent

!ean residence time8 tm 0$4203524. 1$5352141

)pread o5 t+e

distribution8 (3$4320223 10$0..52

)kewness8 s3 $2464.66. 15$62544

Tab2e : Resu2t o5 Experiment ,

Experiment B: T+e e=ect o5 pu2se input


8/19

% ( 1 ' 7 % (%

(

1

'

7

%

(

Concentration gL ! &ime min


&ime min

Concentration gL

7igure 3 " Graph o/ Concentration ! &ime

%

(

1

'

7

%

(

Et; /s Time min;


Et;

i*ure 1 : ?rap+ o5 Et; /s Time


9/19

.ounter9 current .o9 current

!ean residence time8

tm

4$55.314 5$26

)pread t+e distribution8

(

1$65322 0$1226

)kewness8 s3 86$3544 850$564

Tab2e ( : Resu2t o5 Experiment B

5$0 C9LC:L9&I%#


10/19

< .on/ertin* conducti/it" into concentration

sin* t+e e>uation o5 *rap+ o5 .oncentration *-L; /s .onducti/it"

micro s; :

y=1634.5 x+483.51

Examp2e,t time min 5or step 8 .onducti/it" 3&&

.oncentration 377−483.51

1634.5

9 %


11/19

¿−0.062236.381878

¿−¿ %


12/19

σ 2=∫

0

∞

( t −t m )2 E ( t )dt

Examp2e:

σ 2=∫

0

18

( t −t m )2 E ( t )dt

σ 2=¿ 3$4320223

0< .a2cu2atin* skewness8

s3=

1

σ 3 /2∫

0

∞

( t − t m )3 E(t )dt

Examp2e:

s3=

1

σ 3 /2∫

0

18

( t − t m )3 E(t )dt

s3=¿ $2464.66.

'< Pro/in* t+at8

∫0

t

E ( t )dt =fraction of effluent whichhas been∈reactor less than timet = F (t )

F ( t )=1


13/19

6$0 DI(C:((I%#

In t+is experiment we did two sub9experiments w+ic+ are Experiment

, E=ect o5 )tep c+an*e Input ; and Experiment B E=ect o5 Pu2se Input ;<

rom t+e conducti/it" /a2ues t+at we recorded durin* t+e experiment8 t+e

data was e2aborated to nd concentration o5 tracer 8.t; and residence

time distribution8Et;


14/19

*rap+


15/19

current mode spends 2ess time in t+e reactor and 2esser distributions

spread


16/19

% 37$% (


17/19

1 ('&$


18/19

0 11%


19/19

( 1'

lab report exp 3 g13.docx

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