lab 3 micrometry

7/24/2019 Lab 3 Micrometry

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NAME: Michael Timson

DATE: 14/10/2014

FORM: L6-4

LAB: #

!"BE$T: Biolo%&

TEA$'ER(! NAME: Miss !a)*ean+

T,TLE: M,$ROMETR

A,M: To cali.)a+e +he li%h+ mic)oscoe

,NTROD"$T,ON:

Mic)osco& is +he +echnical iel o sin% mic)oscoes+o 3ie samles an o.*ec+s

+ha+ canno+ .e seen i+h +he na5e e&e The)e a)e +h)ee ell-5non .)anches o

mic)osco&: o+ical elec+)on7 an scannin% )o.e mic)osco&

The %oal o +his .)anch o +he sciences is +o )ene) +hese o.*ec+s 3isi.le o) s+&7

alloin% )esea)che)s +o lea)n mo)e a.o+ +hem an ho +he& o)5 The)e a)e a nm.e) o

ie)en+ +&es o mic)osco&7 an innme)a.le alica+ionso) i+ Biolo%& in a)+icla) )elies

hea3il& on mic)osco& +o %a+he) ino)ma+ion7 an +his scien+iic +ool is in ail& se all o3e)

+he o)l e3e)&he)e )om hi%h school science la.s +o +he $en+e)s o) Disease $on+)ol

The )oo+s o mic)osco& lie in +he 1600s7 hen scien+is+s an en%inee)s i)s+ s+a)+e +o

e3elo lenses hich e)e caa.le o si%niican+ ma%niica+ion7 alloin% eole +o see +hin%s

hich ha .een 8in3isi.le9 .eo)e An elosion in in+e)es+ occ))e hen )esea)che)s s+a)+e

ocmen+in% +he 8animalcles79 o+he)ise 5non as mic)oo)%anisms7 in e3e)&+hin% )om

)in5in% a+e) +o sali3a The )eali;a+ion +ha+ a minia+)e o)l eis+e i+ho+ +he 5nole%e

o hmans le )esea)che)s +o )eine +hei) lenses an mic)osco& +echni


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Mic)oscoes can .e classiie .ase on +he h&sical )incile +ha+ is se +o %ene)a+e an

ima%e Die)en+ mic)oscoes 3isali;e ie)en+ h&sical cha)ac+e)is+ics o +he samle =e%

elas+ici+& can .e 3isali;e i+h acos+ic mic)oscoes> ,ma%e con+)as+7 )esol+ion =hich

e+e)mines ma%niica+ion> an es+)c+i3eness o +he samle a)e o+he) )ele3an+ a)ame+e)s

The)e a)e ie)en+ +&es o mic)oscoe These incle +he o+ical mic)oscoe7 )a&

mic)oscoe7 !cannin% acos+ic mic)oscoe =!AM> an Elec+)on Mic)oscoes

O+ical Mic)oscoes se 3isi.le li%h+ =o) "? li%h+ in +he case o lo)escence

mic)osco&> +o ma5e an ima%e The li%h+ is )e)ac+e i+h o+ical lenses The i)s+

mic)oscoes +ha+ e)e in3en+e .elon% +o +his ca+e%o)& O+ical mic)oscoes can .e )+he)

s.i3ie in+o se3e)al ca+e%o)ies:

$omon Mic)oscoe: These mic)oscoes a)e comose o +o lens s&s+ems7 an

o.*ec+i3e an an ocla) =e&e iece> The maimm sel ma%niica+ion o a

comon mic)oscoe is a.o+ 1000

!+e)eo Mic)oscoe =issec+in% mic)oscoe>: These mic)oscoes ma%ni& +o a.o+

maimm 100 an sl& a -imensional 3ie o +he secimen The& a)e sel o)

o.se)3in% oa


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+a5e a lon% +ime +o comle+el& eh&)a+e an )ea)e +he secimen !ome .iolo%ical

secimens also nee +o .e coa+e i+h a 3e)& +hin la&e) o a me+al .eo)e +he& can .e

o.se)3e !imila)l& +o +he o+ical mic)oscoes7 +he elec+)on mic)oscoe can .e i3ie in+o

s. ca+e%o)ies:

T)ansmission elec+)on mic)osco& =TEM>: ,n +his case7 +he elec+)on .eam is asse

+h)o%h +he samle The )esl+ is a +o imensional ima%e

!cannin% elec+)on mic)osco& =!EM>: 'e)e +he elec+)on .eam is )o*ec+e on +he

samle The elec+)ons o no+ %o +h)o%h +he samle .+ .once o This a&7 i+ is

ossi.le +o 3isali;e +he s)ace s+)c+)e o +he secimen The ima%e aea)s +h)ee

imensional

AARAT"!/MATER,AL!

Mic)oscoe

E&e iece %)a+icle =mic)ome+)e>

!+a%e mic)ome+)e

MET'OD:

The +o e&eiece lens an e&eiece %)a+icle as nsc)ee The co))ec+ a& as

lace on +he le%e A ie)en+ lens as +hen lace o3e) +he mic)ome+)e an +he e&eiece

as sc)ee .ac5 in The s+a%e mic)ome+)e as )elace on +he s+a%e o +he mic)oscoe The

e&eiece lens as ie i+h a iece o +isse The s+a%e mic)oscoe as a*s+e so +ha+ +he

scale o +he e&eiece an i+sel as ali%ne an can .e )ea o a%ains+ each o+he) ,+ as +hen

ens)e +ha+ +he loes+ o.*ec+i3e lens is se hile loo5in% +h)o%h +he e&eiece The

e&eiece as loo5e +h)o%h an +he len%+h o s+a%e mic)ome+)e scale as meas)e in

e&eiece ni+s =E"> The )esl+s as +hen )eco)e The len%+hs o +he s+a%e mic)ome+)e

as con3e)+e )om e&eiece ni+s +o millime+)es7 cen+ime+)es an mic)ome+)es +h)o%h

calcla+ions The )oce)e as )eea+e i+h o+he) o.*ec+i3e lens


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RE!"LT!

O.*ec+i3e lensse

Len%+h o s+a%e mic)ome+e)E" mm cm m

@4 40 002C0 0002C0 2C0

@10 100 00100 000100 100

@40 400 0002C 00002C 2C

$AL$"LAT,ON!:

@4

40 e&eiece ni+s 1 millime+)e =mm>

1 e&eiece ni+ 1

40 mm

002Cmm

1 millime+)e 01 cen+ime+)e =cm>

002C millime+)es 002C 01

0002C

1 millime+)e 1000 mic)ome+)es =m>

002C millime+)es 002C 1000

2C m


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D,!$"!!,ON:

The mic)oscoe is an ins+)men+ se +o 3ie o.*ec+s smalle) +han can .e seen .& +he na5e

e&e ,+ is commonl& se .& scien+is+s an )esea)che)s +o see e+ails on +in& o.*ec+s sch as

.ac+e)ia7 ollen7 miniscle insec+s7 an +he cells o li3in% +isse The ma%niica+ion o o.*ec+s

8nseea.le9 .& +he naie e&e has alloe o) con+less isco3e)ies an inno3a+ions .& all

iscilines o science an meicine7 an has la)%el& con+)i.+e +o a %)ea+e) ne)s+anin% o

+he o)l e +o +he a.ili+& +o see +he .ilin% .loc5s o lie The in3en+ion o +he mic)oscoe

has oene a hole ne imension in science B& sin% mic)oscoes scien+is+s e)e a.le

+o isco3e) +he eis+ence o mic)oo)%anisms7 s+& +he s+)c+)e o cells7 an see +he smalles+

a)+s o lan+s7 animals7 an n%i Toa&7 +he mic)oscoe is s+ill a commonl& se +ool +o

ia%nosis illness in hosi+als an clinics all o3e) +he o)l

!ince +hei) o)i%inal in3en+ion7 mic)oscoes ha3e mo3e .e&on +he simle 3isi.le li%h+

)e)ac+in% lenses Elec+)ons7 -)a&s7 an in)a)e )a&s a)e se .& a) mo)e sohis+ica+e =an

eensi3e> mic)oscoes +o e+ec+ e3en smalle) an smalle) s+)c+)es !cannin% elec+)on

mic)oscoes a)e a.le +o )esol3e 3i)ses7 hich a)e a) smalle) +han an& cell

Li5e no o+he) in3en+ion7 +he mic)oscoe has n3eile +he sec)e+s o na+)e The hman e&e

has a )esol+ion in +he o)e) o 100 m =10-4 m>7 hich is a.o+ +he +hic5ness o a hai) i+h

+he mic)oscoe7 hole o)ls .ecome a3aila.le7 ille i+h 5nole%e +ha+ can se)3e as

insi)a+ion +o o) an+as& The elo)a+ion o mic)ocosmos has le +o nme)os isco3e)ies7

i+ho+ hich e ol .e le+ i+h +he limi+e 5nole%e o) e&es %i3e s

The e3elomen+ o +he con3en+ional mic)oscoe a+ +he en o +he 16+hcen+)& ol lea +o

a %)ea+ s+e o)a) o) science7 a)+icla)l& in .iolo%& an meicine ,n +he .e%innin%

+ho%h7 +he mic)oscoe as mainl& a +o& in )ich homes B+ man& imo)+an+ isco3e)ies

olloe The i)s+ scien+iic )esl+s .ase on mic)osco& eal+ i+h +he ci)cla+in% .loo

s&s+em an chan%e o) 3ie o +he hman .o& !cien+is+s ha3e also isco3e)e an

elo)e lies on .ilin% .loc5 G +he cell Die)en+ +&es o .ac+e)ia an +he olloin%

s+)%%le a%ains+ iseases7 as ell as s+ies o ie)en+ ma+e)ials an +hei)


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+o see )+he) in+o +he mic)ocosmos i+h +he +heo)ies o

lab 3 micrometry

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