NGSSS

Reading Functional Text LA.8.6.1.1: Explain how text features (e.g., charts, maps, diagrams, sub­headings, captions, illustrations, graphs) aid the reader's unders tanding.

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In this lesson, you will learn more about text features and how they can help you understand functional texts. Functional texts can take the form of directions, how-to articles, brochures and fliers, and consumer documents like warranties.

Along with bulleted text and words in bold print or italics, functional texts are often accompanied by charts, diagrams, maps, graphs, and illustrations. Here are some of the most common features you might encounter in functional text:

• Charts arrange information in an easy-to-read format. Instead of presenting information in paragraphs, a chart condenses and organizes the most important facts and ideas.

• Graphs also arrange information, and there are many different types of graphs. Line graphs plot information on a line to show how something has changed over time. Bar graphs use bars to show information. Circle graphs often break down information to show percentages of a whole.

• Diagrams are pictures with labels that show how something works.

• Maps show geographical areas, like Cities, states, or countries.

Text Feature How It Helps Readers

chart organizes and condenses information into categories

graph line graphs, bar graphs, and circle graphs arrange information for different purposes

diagram shows parts of something and how they work

map gives information about where places are located

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Read this excerpt from a consumer warranty, and then answer the question below.

Computer Solutions lO-inch Netbook Consumer Warranty

Rules and Regulations:

• All products must be registered within 30 days of original purchase. To register your new netbook, go to www.compusolutions.brz/warranty/netbook. You will be asked to enter your name, date of purchase, and bar code information.

• Problems with your netbook should first be reported to our Customer Service division at 800-111-5151 or www.compusolutions.brz!customerservice. If a solution cannot be reached, and you are under warranty, a new netbook may be issued.

• Print and keep a record of your warranty information. You will need your registration number to identify your computer.

• If your netbook is lost or stolen within 1 year of purchase, your warranty guarantees you a replacement.

What should you do first if you have a problem with your netbook?

~ Look at the bulleted paragraphs of the wa rranty.

~ Some paragraphs tell what to do to activate the warranty and some tell what the warranty covers.

~ The first paragraph tells consumers how to register their new netbook in order to be covered by the warranty.

~ Paragraph 2 tells consumers what to do if they have a problem with their netbooks. It states who to contact and what will happen if a solution cannot be reached.

ANSWER: You should report any problems to the Customer Service division at 800-111-5151 or www.compusolutions.brz!customerservice.

What information must you enter on the company's website to complete your warranty?

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Think About It Directions are often formatted to be easy to read and follow.

Hint Think about how the writer guides readers through the process of building paper lanterns.

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Read the directions. Use the Think About It to guide your reading. Then answer the question. Use the Hint to help you.

DIY Paper Lanterns

Follow these easy steps to assemble homemade paper lanterns for a fun way to brighten any room . You will need: rectangular sheets of colored paper, scissors, and glue.

Step 1: Fold a piece of paper in haIr the long way.

Step 2: Make a series of cuts along the fold. Make anywhere from 10 to 20 cuts. Leave an inch of space from the edge of the paper.

Step 3: Unfold the paper. Glue the short edges of the paper together.

Step 4: Cut a strip of paper for the handle and glue it across one end of the lantern . Repeat the steps to make as many lanterns as you'd like; then string them together.

What kind of text feature would make the directions easier to follow? A diagrams showing how each step is to be performed B a bar graph showing the time it takes to make different sizes

of lanterns C a chart showing different types of paper lanterns you can build D a map showing where to find art supplies

CORRECT ANSWER Answer choice A is correct.

SUPPORTING DETAILS A diagram that illustrates each step of the process would help readers better understand how to make a paper lantern.

INCORRECT ANSWERS B is incorrect because a bar graph would not help readers complete the task of making a paper lantern.

C is incorrect because a chart showing different types of paper lanterns would not make the direc tions easier to follow.

D is incorrect because a map showing where to fincl art supplies wou ld not make the directions easier to follow.

Think About It

What purpose does the first paragraph of this advertisement serve?

Why has the writer included a map?

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Read the advertisement. Use each Think About It to guide your reading.

Game On! Entertainment Presents

The 1st Annual Northdale Game Day! Have you mastered the complete Game 0 11 ! El1tertai llment roster of games? Are you looking for a way to turn that mastery into cold, hard cash? Register today for this all-day gaming ex travaganza. Challenge your friends [or the chance to win big money and awesome prizes.

Competition w ill be featured in the following games:

]a sol1 's Quest Samurai Natio l1 Road Racer 5 Final Fantasy Football

Where: Northdale Mall Auditorium

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When: Saturday, June 2nd . Action begins at 8:00 A .M.

Players will be placed in brackets and eliminated th rough play. Championship round begins at 5:00 P.M. Players can participate in one game only.

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Grand Prize in each category includes a brand-new Game Oil! gaming ~ console and $500 cash. Limited space ava ilable! Sign up ea rly to ensure '6

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Hints

Think about what the advertisement is meant to do. What information is most prominently featured?

What information is contained in the map?

Look at the compass and then look at the roads surrounding the mall.

eALs, ESfl~RF WitlI your partner, slJare and discuss your answers and supporting details.

Use the Hints to answer the questions below. Circle the correct answers and provide supporting details from the advertisement.

1 The purpose of the advertisement's bold type is to inform readers

A about the prizes they can win at the competition. B when and where the competition will take place.

C how much it costs to enter the competition.

D how old you must be to enter the competition.

Supporting Details: ______ __________ _

2 The purpose of the map is to inform readers A where Northdale Mall is located .

B how big Northdale Mall is.

C what time Northdale Mall opens. D where to enter the competition.

Supporting Details: ________________ _

3 Based on the map, which road leads directly to the south entrance of the mall? A W 9th St B Surf Ave N

C W 3rd St

D Francis Ave N

Supporting Details: ______ __________ _

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Read the manual "On Two Wheels Owner's Manual" before answering Numbers 1 through 5.

On Two Wheels Owner's Manual Thank you for purchasing the On Two Wheels Mountain Bike Mpdel #2481. Th is bike is meant for

beginning bicyclists and should function as such. This owner 's manual will give basic instructions on bicycle care and safety. Beginning riders should ride in low-traffic areas and take a ll necessary precautions for their own safety.

SAFETY TIPS All riders should purchase and use the following safety gear: bike helmet, knee and elbow pads,

reflectors (placed on the front and back of the bike), and reflective clothing.

GETTING STARTED Familiarize yourself with the parts of your new bike. Knowing the terminology will help if something

goes wrong with your bike and you need to know how to fix it. You can take your bike to a bike shop certified by On Two Wheels. (For a complete list of authorized On Two Wheels dealers, please visit our website.)

LABEL DEFINITION

Saddle sea t

Seat post attaches the frame to the sea t; use to adjust sea t height

Stem a ttaches the handlebars to the bi ke

Pedals where you place your feet to push the cranks

Cranks arms that the pedals mOlmt to

Rear derailleur shifts the cha in from gear to gear

Brake levers levers on each side of the handlebars that stop the bike

Headset allows the handlebar and front wheel to rotate

Suspension fork front wheel attaches to the suspension fork; rotates the wheel

ADJUSTING THE SEAT Once you have familiarized yourself w ith the parts of your new bike, you are ready to start riding.

First, make sure that the seat height is adjusted to fit your frame. Get on your bike and pedal a bit. How does it feel? Your legs should never extend to form a straight line when pedaling. Instead, your legs should extend to 70 to 90 percent. This will allow you to keep your body loose and will prevent your knees from locking whi le riding.

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GEARS AND BRAKES The On Two Wheels Model #2481 is a beginning model and, as such, comes with only 3 g

will need to master these gears for optimal performance. Low gear is for climbing. This is th gear in which to pedal. The middle gear is for level ground. It is slightly harder to pedal in m1-High gear is to be used when going downhill or for high speeds. This gear requires the most eftL peda ling. The best way to master these gea rs is to get on your bike and try a few short practice ride" Experiment w ith pedaling in each gear until you are comfortable shifting between gears.

Equally important is learning how to brake. Model #2481 features two brakes: a front brake and a rear break. The rear brake should be used when going downhill, and can be found on the right handlebar. Your front break should be used in all other circumstances, and is found on the left side of your handlebars. Both breaks are activated by using your hands, and it may take some time to acclimate yourself to which hand controls which brake. Be aware that braking hard with your front brake while going downhill may result in going over the handleba rs.

ON YOUR WAY After you've read this manual and completed a few practice runs, you'll be ready to begin mountain

biking in earnest. Remember your safety tips and have fun. Once you've mastered this beginning model you may want to move onto a more advanced model and more advanced trails. Happy biking!

Headset _.~~

Pedals

Brake levers

suspension fork

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pose of the manual's bold-print lings is to inform readers about

.:\ifferent types of mountain bikes.

different parts of mountain bikes.

C. various tips for riding mountain bikes.

D. safety measures to observe while riding.

., The purpose of the manual's diagram is to inform readers about

F. how to operate their new mountain bike.

• The purpose of the subheading "Gears and Brakes" is to inform readers

F. how to operate the different gears on the bike.

G. how to iden tify the different gears on the bike.

H. how to iden tify the different brakes on the bike.

I. which gears and brakes to Lise in different terrains.

G. the different parts of their new mountain bike.

o The purpose of the chart is to inform readers

H. how to switch gears on their new mountain bikes.

I. the correct way to assemble their new mountain bike.

• The purpose of the subheading "Getting Started" is to inform readers

A. what safety measures they should take while biking.

B. which is the best mountain bike for beginners.

C. how to work the brakes and pedals on their new bike.

D. what they should do first after getting their bike home.

A. how to identify different parts of the bike.

B. what each bike part is called and what it does.

C. how to operate different parts of the bike.

D. what this beginner's model does that other bikes do not do.

Answer Form

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