Living OnlineModule C

Unit 8: Using the InternetLessonTopic

44 Getting Started

45 Using a Web Browser

46 Using Information From the Web

47 Searching for Information

48 Qualifying the Information

49 The Risks of Computing

50 Using the Internet Responsibly

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Lesson 44: Getting Started

• what the World Wide Web is

• what a Web site is

• what a Web browser is

• identify standard elements on a Web page

• recognize different Web site types

• understand some common terminology

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Understanding the World Wide Web • Global network consisting of many smaller networks connected

together

• Also application that enables users to communicate and share information through e-mail or by viewing contents of Web site

• Web server hosts or stores company’s or person’s Web site

• Web site is collection of pages containing information about company, person, product, or service– May be one of many stored or hosted on web server, usually owned by

Internet Service Provider

– Collection of Web sites hosted by all web servers connected to Internet is known as World Wide Web, “The Web” or “www”

• To view Web page, need web browser to help access information by displaying pictures, text, and animations using “point and click”– Use HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to communicate to Web server

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Looking at Web Pages

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2

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1 2URL Navigation Bar 3 Picture 4 Field 5 Hyperlink

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6 Button

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Looking at Web Pages

• First page in Web site is top level page, called home page or index page

• Standard elements available on Web pages– URL: Uniform Resource Locator standard method to identify Web

page or navigate to other pages in this Web site or on Web

– Navigation Bar: May contain navigation bar on left side or top of page, or called site map

– Picture: Can contain pictures which can be static or dynamic

– Field: Forms with fields or blank spaces where you can enter information

– Hyperlink: Text or graphic with URL “embedded”; indicates link

– Button: Interactive graphic that performs action when clicked

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Looking at Web Pages • Web pages are simple text files with no formatting or images

• Formatting instructions written in language called HyperText Markup Language (HTML)

• Any data used from Web pages is called eXtensible Markup Language (XML) content– Enables Web designer to separate content from formatting so content

can be used in other software applications

• Pictures stored separately on Web server and Web page only contains “placeholders” where pictures are inserted

• All Web browsers contain button to quickly return to default home page

• To go to Web page or site other than home page, URL must contain path to particular file

• Can enter Internet Protocol (IP) address in URL field to go to Web site

Using the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

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• Can communicate with any other computer provided:

– You know address of other computer

– Both computers speak same protocol

• Web browser communicates with any server connected to Internet

– Uses protocol portion of URL

• Do not need to type “www” of Web address

– Crucial to enter protocol if different server type

Identifying Web Site Types

• Server Name: Identifies server type

• Name of Organization: Identifies organization owning server

• Domain Category: Identifies server’s information domain

• Common domain categories and types of Web sites:

.com Commercial site where organization is selling service or product

.net Another type of commercial Web site, usually managed by ISP

.edu Education site that shares information about academic institution, curriculum, and other activities

.gov Associated with local, regional, or national government

.org Dedicated to non-profit organization to promote specific cause

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www.ccilearning.com

1 32 3 Domain Category

2 Name of Organization

1 Server Name

Identifying Web Site Types• Domain categories identify country where Web site hosted

• “Search sites” designed to help find items on Internet

– Enter text in search field to identify what looking for to produce list of results that match search criteria

• Social networking sites shareinformation or communicate with people from around world, usually for photos or videos

• Blogs similar to journals where people can “share” information,opinions or ideas on certain topics

• Wiki site consists of related Web pages promoting collaboration on specific topics

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Identifying Web Site Types

• Online software applications can be downloaded for free instead of buying, or working with software online directly

– Usually set up as subscriptions

• Web portals provide consistent appearance for many pages offeringvariety of resources in one location

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Identifying Other Web Page ElementsActiveX Programming tool that enables Web designers to

include interactive applications in Web pages.

Cookies Piece of text stored on hard drive to allow Web site to retrieve information about which sites visited and what information interests you. Consists of identifier assigned by Web site, and Web site address.

Digital Certificates

Depend on encryption technology and used to identify parties in e‑commerce transaction as valid.

Encryption Ensures unauthorized individuals not able to obtain personal or financial information you submit with order.

FTP Send large file via File Transfer Protocol site; type of storage location.

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Identifying Other Web Page ElementsPodcast Personal On Demand broadCast is collection of media

files in digital format that can be downloaded to computer device to play or “stream” content using specialized software.

Really Simple Syndication (RSS)

Similar to mailing list you might subscribe to, using that site’s “RSS feed”; information distributed in standard XML format to view it in various programs, including e‑mail.

Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

Public key scrambles text to make it unreadable; other party applies private key to encrypted file to unscramble and convert to original document.

Web Cache Cache on Web is way to increase speed you can access files on Internet by reducing bandwidth usage and server load.

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Review Questions

1. What is a home page?

a. Your company’s Web site

b. A specific search engine’s Web site

c. The page you want to see first whenever you start the Web browser.

d. A personal Web site

2. Which of the following protocols enables you to view the formatting in a Web page?

a. HTTP b. HTML

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Review Questions

3. How can a blog site be used?

a. As a diary

b. To share opinions

c. To send and receive e-mails

d. As an online journal

e. Any of the previous

f. a, b, or d

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Review Questions

4. What is the main difference between a Web site and a Web portal?a. Only a Web site can be owned by a commercial

organization.b. A Web portal usually offers more services such as free e-

mail and a search engine.c. A Web portal only exists from organizations that offer

search capabilities using a database.d. There are no differences.

5. A cookie is a piece of text stored on your hard drive so a Web site can retrieve information about which sites you visit or have an interest in. a. True b. False

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