l vancouver wood solutions fair 2014 e k reciprocal...
TRANSCRIPT
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Vancouver Wood Solutions Fair 2014
Reciprocal Framing Systems
David Bowick, P.Eng.
October 30, 2014
Blac
kwell
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Copyright Materials
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the
speaker is prohibited.
© Blackwell Structural Engineers
Blac
kwell
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Canadian Wood Council, Wood WORKS! and the Wood Solutions Fair is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education System; the Architectural Institute of British Columbia and the Engineering Institute of Canada. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported on behalf of members of each CES provider for those who complete a participation form at the registration counter. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA, AIBC or EIC members are available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Program Education Credit Information
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WHAT Reciprocal Frame - “A
structure made up of mutually supporting beams in a closed circuit”
Reciprocal Frame ArchitectureOlga Popovic Larsen, 2008
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“He lifted himself by the seat of his pantsand I'll never forget the grim look on his face
as he hoisted himself and took leave of this place “- The Lorax Dr Suess, 1971
Reciprocal Frames
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How it Works
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100% of 1 Beam
100% of 1 Beam
100% of 1 Beam
100% of 1 Beam
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WHY
• Span• Geometric Complexity• 2-Way Action• Folly
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Taught the answer is usually repetition, but is that true?
Efficiency – The great Myth
RepetitionPiece CountVolume
More complex can be cheaper
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Complexity Curve
Complexity
Slab Joists TrussesOpt. Joists Reciprocal
Quantity
Cost
Unit Cost
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Price vs. Cost$
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“But Dave, we want an example of efficient, complex construction!”
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SPAN
How do you use a 16’ joist to span 20’?
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FOLL
YWhen a problem is redefined to suit a preferred solution.
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Image from minktoast.net
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Lamella -“A thin scale, plate, or layer of bone or tissue…”
- The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language
COMPL
EXITY
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http://www.grasshopper3d.com/
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2-WAY
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“But Dave, show us some examples!”
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HISTORY
1270 - Present
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Villard de Honnecourt
Reciprocal frame Sketches
1270
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Leonardo da Vinci
Codex Atlanticus1452-1519
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Sebastiano Serlio 1475-1554Italian Architect wrote the “7 books on Architecture”
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John Wallis1616-1703English MathematicianAuthor Opera MathematicaGave us ∞
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Other reciprocal frame systems considered by Wallis
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Thomas Tredgold 1788-1829English Engineer and Author of Elementary Principles of Carpentry
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Armand Rose Emy 1841
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From
lect
ure
by G
uy T
. Hou
lsby
, Uni
vers
ity o
f Oxf
ord
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Independence HallPhiladelphia1732-1753
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Friederich Zollinger 1880-1945German Architect and EngineerLamella “Zollinger Roof”, Merseberg Germany 1920s
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Hugo Häring 1882-1958German ArchitectLamella - Gut Garkau, Germany 1923-1926
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Fort York Armoury - TorontoBuilt in 1935
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“But Dave, why would be build reciprocal frames today? And how
well do they work?”
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Case Study 1Simple Grid – TorontoArchitect - Top Secret Blackwell Engineers
Shallow depthLong spansStringent vibration criteria
Objective
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Option 1 – Conventional Framing
Piece Count – 5Deepest Member – 494 Total Volume – 7.07 m3
Designed for Strength and Deflection
265x494
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Option 2 – Reciprocal Framing
Piece Count – 10Deepest Member – 456 Total Volume – 12.2 m3
Designed for Strength and Deflection
265x456
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DeflectionDo we take L/360 for granted?
L/360
1/60
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DeflectionSo what do we do instead?
L
L/360
1
90
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Option 3 – Conventional Framing
Piece Count – 5Deepest Member – 570 Total Volume – 8.16 m3
Designed for Strength and Updated Deflection Criteria
265x570
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Summary
Piece Count
Total Volume (m3)Depth (mm)
Standard Framing
Reciprocal Framing
Standard Framing ()
5 4947.07
10 45412.2
5 5708.16
DOES
NO
T W
ORK
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Other Considerations Vibration
1 kN 1 kN
0.6 mm 0.3 mm
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Final Options – Project Specific
Piece Count – 5 + InfillDeepest Member – 418Total Volume – 11.1 m3
Introduce selected Moment Connections – Depth was everything
265x418
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Case Study 2Indian River Pavilion – PEIDavid SisamBlackwell EngineersConstruction Documents
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Option 1 – Valley FramingPiece Count – 15Total Volume – 5.8 m3
Largest Piece – 731 kg
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Option 2 – Reciprocal BeamPiece Count – 37Total Volume – 4.8 m3
Largest Piece – 268 kg
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Option 3 – Reciprocal JoistPiece Count – 47Total Volume – 5.6 m3
Largest Piece – 60 kg
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Bending Moment Diagram
Shear Force
Diagram
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Summary
Piece Count
Total Volume (m3)Largest Piece (kg)
Valley Beam
Reciprocal Beam
Reciprocal Joist
15 5.8731
37 4.8268
47 5.660
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Case Study 3Corner ConditionsShallow SoffitThin Cantilevered Profile
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Option 1 - ConventionalStrength and DeflectionL/360 TypicalL/180 Cantilever
Piece Count – 9Depth – 570/494 mmSoffit Depth – 570 mmTotal Volume – 12.2 m3
265x380
265x380
265x494
265x380
265x494
265x494
265x494
265x
570
265x
570
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Option 2 – Reciprocal CornerStrength and DeflectionL/360 TypicalL/180 Cantilever
Piece Count – 16Depth – 570/418 mmSoffit Depth – 265 mmTotal Volume – 10.8 m3
265x265
265x418
265x418
265x532
265x418
265x418
265x418
265x
570
265x
265
265x265 TYP.
265x
570
265x265
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Summary
Piece Count
Total Volume (m3)Soffit Depth (mm)
Standard Framing
Reciprocal Framing
9 + Infill 12.2570
16
265 10.8
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“Come on Dave! Show us modern and big!”
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Discovery Center, Ventura CaliforniaRestored 1940s Lamella
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Ontario Parks and Rec SubmissionDave and Shannon’s Super Awesome Tent
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Hale County Animal ShelterRural Studio 2006
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Ross Creek Picnic PavillionTed Cavanagh / Coastal Studio and Studio North 2010
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Nine Bridges Country ClubShiguru Ban
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NCFS Longhouse – Toronto, 2009Levitt Goodman Architects / Blackwell Engineers
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“It is amazing how much you can accomplish when it doesn’t matter who gets the credit” – Unknown
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This concludes the:
• American Institute of Architects•Architectural Institute of British Columbia
• Engineering Institute of Canada
Continuing Education Systems Program
RECIPROCAL FRAME SYSTEMS
Blackwell Structural Engineerswww.blackwell.ca
Questions/ Comments?Blac
kwell