l for the€¦ · l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l a.farkas jan.1991 griffith/brougham marbles...

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3IF87SW9669 63.58 M BROUGHAM 010

Prospecting for high-purity marblesin northern Griffith and Brougham townships

near Renfrew in eastern Ontario

NTS 31 F/6

for the

Ontario Prospectors Assistance Programof the

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources

January 1991

Arpad Farkas, PhD, Consulting Geologist Toronto, Ontario

l A.Farkas Jan. 1991 Griffith/Brougham marble*

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l PREFACE

Prospecting for high-purity marble was carried out by

the writer in the summer of 1990 under a program fundedm

by the Ontario Prospectors' Assistance Program (OPAP) .

l Field work was carried out in Griffith and Brougham

townships, near Renfrew in eastern Ontario. This report

fl describes the results of prospecting, with petrographic

. descriptions and the results of chemical analysis and

brightness measurement of the marbles found.

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A.Farkas Jan. 1991 III III l II l III I IIIIIII III II l li rougham marble.

31F87SW9669 63.5814 BROUGHAM 010C

CONTENTS

IntroductionLocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p. lLand status . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lRationale of Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lPrevious geological work . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 4Previous exploration and production of marble . . . . , 4

Results of Prospecting Program . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . 6West Lake area, Griffith Twp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lArea north of Canoe Lake, Griffith Twp. . . . . . . . . 9Wolf Lake area, Griffith Twp. . . . . . . , . . . . . . 11Two Islands Lake area, Griffith Twp. . . . . . . . . . 14Area E and NE of Two Islands Lake, Griffith Twp. . . . 17Brougham Lake area, Brougham Twp. . . . . . . . . . . . 21Area between Hwy 41 and Bucky Pond, Brougham Twp. . . . 23Tooeys Lake area and Hwy 41, Brougham Twp. . . . . . . 24Cameron Lake area, Brougham Twp. . . . . . . . . . . . 27Area around Lower Twin Lake and Hwy 41, Brougham Twp. . 29

Conclusions and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

FIGURES

1. Target area for exploration . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. Target area for prospecting . . . . . . . . . . . . 33. West Lake area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84. Canoe Lake area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105. Wolf Lake area and Two Islands Lake area . . . . . . 126. Area E and NE of Two Islands Lake . . . . . . . . . 187. Brougham Lake area . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . 228. Tooeys Lake area and Hwy 41 . . . . . . . . . . . . 259. Cameron Lake area . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 2810. Area around Lower Twin Lake and Hwy 41 . . . . . . . 30

APPENDICES

A: Petrographic description of samples.

B: Results of chemical analysis.1. List of samples analysed2. Whole rock chemical analysis.3. Acid insoluble determinations by wet chemical analysis.

C: Report on brightness measurements by IMD Laboratories Ltd.


A.Farkas Jan.1991 Griffith/Brougham marbles ... l

INTRODUCTION

1. Location (NTS 31 F/6)

The area prospected is located approximately 30 km southwest of Renfrew,

in eastern Ontario.

2. Land Status

Two areas of Crown lands were prospected: one in northern Griffiths

township, the other in northern Brougham township. The proposed area

for prospecting is shown in Figures l and 2.

3. Rationale for Program

An increasing demand for fillers in the Ontario market has been noted by

the Ministry of Natural Resources for some time (e.g., Guillet fit Kriens,

1984). It is predicted that the demand for calcium carbonate fillers

will be particularly high as paper-makers switch from acid to alkaline

manufacturing processes.

The area of Griffith, Brougham, Lyndock, Sepastopol, and Grattan

townships is known to contain high-purity calcite- and dolomite-bearing

marbles (Storey St Vos, 1981). The presence of high-purity dolomites was

documented by Kriens (198A) and by LeBaron b MacKinnon (1990). If

dolomite can be accepted as a substitute for calcite filler in some

applications the high potential for finding pure dolomites in this area

warrants further exploration. The goal of the prospecting program was

to locate marble which would meet the requirements of a high-purity,

high-brightness filler without benefication.

itato Geo'oaica 1 Su'vey

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calcitic

ca'ci'ic nar&ie. 3c Variole. tectonic breeds Sd Massive, coarse-graced, do

marble. 3e Calcite narî? ' ^*e rca''a'i?

ra. r 6. 3' PwoccW'C r-arh!e fpnio

>2C% /̂ .?c D iocsitiic marble 'cald'?

2a A rôîtc'c"e'"ss

?ti Calc-silica'e gneiss 2c D'ODSicJe granc'els. 2? A^cîbcH'e •n'Brza

a. 'c-2? SC2DO*''V S ^f ^'/r

Map 2454

KHARTUMRENFREV/ COUNTY

Scale 1:31.680 011 Inch to '/: Mile

Exoration

XT *^.; \V \

e* Y0 /' "*! 4.7.

Figure


KHARTUMScale l: 31,680 or l Inch to Vi M ile

Target Area for ProspectingFigure 2,


A.Farkas Jan.1991 Griffith/Brougham marbles ...4

4. Previous Geological Work -

The area has been mapped by Hewitt (1954) and Themistocleous (1981).

Some of the high-purity marble occurrences were described by LeBaron k

MacKinnon (1990).

5. Previous Exploration and Production of Marble

Easton Minerals Ltd. began quarrying marble in September 1989. The

quarry is located in the northwest part of Griffith township; the

dolomite ore is trucked to a crushing and grinding plant at Northbrook.

The company drilled four diamond drill holes for a total of 548 metres,

stripped several areas to bedrock, and quarried a bulk sample for

processing. High-purity dolomite with a high brightness is used to

produce aggregate and industrial filler. In the mill feed a high-purity

calcite is mixed with the dolomite (LeBaron Se MacKinnon, 1990).

Chemical analysis of a sample of coarse-grained dolomitic marble

from Easton Minerals' quarry is given below. The marble contains one

to 37. serpentine, phlogopite, and muscovite (LeBaron 6e MacKinnon, 1990).

Chemical analysis of sample from Quarry E-2 _________Easton Minerals Ltd._________

SiOa 1.56 7.AlaOa 0.03 7.FeaOa 0.14 XMgO 21.2 7.CaO 30.9 7.LOI 45.6 7.Total 99.4 7.

Acid insolubles 1.4 Brightness 90.3 7.


A.Farkas Jan.1991 Griffith/Brougham marbles ... 5

Between 1982 and 1985 Trisar Resources carried out stripping, trenching,

and diamond drilling in the northwest part of Griffith township. A

total of 345 metres of diamond drilling was carried out. Stripping

revealed a 40 to 50 metre wide zone of coarse-grained white dolomitic

marble. In 1987 the Two Island Marble Corporation began quarrying the

dolomitic marble for dimension stone; it is planned that the quarry

waste will be marketed as aggregate and filler (LeBaron (t MacKinnon,

1990). Chemical analysis of a sample of white dolomitic marble

containing traces of serpentine and mica is given below.

Chemical analysis of a dolomitic marble ____from the Two Island Corp. quarry^^^^

SiOa 0.44 7.AlaCb -CO. 01 7.FeaOs 0.11 7.MgO 21.1 %CaO 31.0 XLOI 46.6 XTotal 99.2 X

Acid insolubles 0.4Brightness 93.6 X

(Data from LeBaron fc MacKinnon, 1990.)



RESULTS OF PROSPECTING PROGRAM

Field work was carried out in July and August of 1989. Accommodation and

supplies are available in Renfrew. Access to the prospecting areas is via

highway and forestry roads. Aerial photographs of l to 15,000 scale were

used in locating areas where outcrops were likely to be found. Sample sites

were recorded on l to 10,000 scale maps. The rock types encountered and the

locations where samples were taken are presented in Figures 3 to 10.

A brief description of the geology of the area prospected is presented

below. The results of petrographic work and chemical analysis are in

Appendices A and B. The chemical analysis was carried out by Berringer

Laboratories Ltd. Samples were analysed by the ICP method; five samples

which had the lowest silica value were re-analysed by wet chemical methods.

The brightness of selected samples was measured by IMD Laboratories; their

results are included in Appendix C.



West Lake area, Griffith Twp.

West Lake is located near the west border of Griffith township (UTM co

ordinates 5018 200 N, 324 600 E). The largest marble outcrops were found in

this area. Calcitic marble outcrops about 300m SE of West Lake on a broad,

sparsely vegetated hill which is 100 ft higher than the level of the lake

(Figure 3). The marble contains 5 to 1 07, quartz, which occurs in centimetre-

sized blebs. Calcitic marbles around the SE shore of West Lake contain 5 to

107. phlogopite. Small outcrops of quartzofeldspathic gneiss were also found.

High-purity calcitic marble occurs at one location on a road cut

adjacent to the main forestry access road. The size of the outcrop is about

5m x 5m. This marble contains about 1 7. phlogopite and Q.5% graphite. Its

chemical composition is as follows:

wt7. oxides; Sample AF-3

SiOa 1 .56 'AAlaCb 0.38FeaOa 0.12MgO 4.06CaO 50.00NaaO 0.02KaO 0.14LOI 41.20Total 97.60 X


~- 80

Figure 3. West Lake area. Scale 1:10,000

Ib Quartz-feldspar-biotite gneiss 3a Calcitic marble2 Plagioclase-amphibole gneiss 3d Dolomitic marble2b Calc-silicate gneiss 5a Syenite, quartz syenite

5g Monzonite 6a Granite 8a Pegmatite

(Legend is taken from that of OGS Map 2454 in Themistocleous, 1981)

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Area North of Canoe Lake, Griffith Twp.

Canoe Lake is located near the northwest corner of Griffith township (UTM co

ordinates 5020 000 N, 324 500 E). Most of the outcrops are located a few

hundred metres north of Canoe Lake. Apart from marbles, quartz-feldspar-

biotite paragneiss, quartzite, rare amphibolite and hornblende-plagioclase

outcrop in this area (Figure 4). In the vicinity of Highland Creek the

marble contains 5 to 77. biotite or phlogopite. Occasionally boudins of calc-

silicate rock (diopside-phlogopite rock) were seen in the marble. Both

calcitic and dolomitic marbles are present. The marbles are interbedded with

quartzofeldspathic metasediments and amphibolite. Foliation strikes NE and

dips 400 to 500 SE. Near sample site AF-4 bedding or metamorphic layering

strikes E-W and dips 300 to 400 south.

Sample AF-4 is a buff-coloured to greyish-white dolomitic marble with

about l to 2 7, phlogopite and diposide and 0 .57, graphite. Whole-rock analysis

indicates 2.2% silica content and a CaO/MgO ratio of 1.88. It is likely that

the marble contains some calcite.

The presence of calc-silicate boudins in the marble and the fact that

the marble beds are not Very thick (1m to 5m) renders this area less

favourable for finding high-purity marbles which can be quarried.

About 500 metres west and southwest of the south end of Canoe Lake,

amphibolite and quartzofeldspathic paragneiss outcrops. In a roadcut along

the main forestry access road, located about 600-700m WSW of the south end of

Canoe Lake, rusty-weathering calcitic and dolomitic marbles containing 2 to

57, phlogopite and diopside outcrop (this area is not shown in Figure 4).


Figure 4. Canoe Lake area. Scale 1:10,000

Ib Quartz-feldspar-biotite gneiss 2 Plagioclase-amphibole gneiss 2b Calc-silicate gneiss

3a Calcitic marble3d Dolomitic marble5a Syenite, quartz syenite





Wolf Lake area, Griffith Twp.

Wolf Lake is located about l km SW of Two Islands Lake. The area west of Two

Islands Lake and north and south of Wolf Lake was prospected in detail (see

Figure S). This area is directly on strike and adjacent to the Two Islands

Marble Corporation's high-purity marble belt. Outcrops are scarce in this

area. The rock types encountered were: (1) plagioclase-quartz-biotite

paragneiss; (2) calcitic marble; and (3) dolomitic marble.

The calcitic marbles contain 2 to 5 7, phlogopite and a smaller amount of

diopside; the dolomitic marbles appear to contain less accessory minerals.

High-purity dolomitic marbles were found at two localities 150m apart (see

Figure 5). Samples AF-1A and AF-1B are white to greyish-white, coarse-

grained dolomitic marbles which contain 1-27. diopside and phlogopite. The

outcrops from which these samples were taken are quite small (a few square

metres in area) and located about 10m apart. In the immediate vicinity

(about 5-10ra WSW) a quartz-feldspar paragneiss containing about 57. biotite

can be found. Sample AF-2 is a coarse-grained greyish-white dolomitic marble

with more than 57. phlogopite and diopside. This outcrop is also very small.

Chemical composition of the high-purity dolomites (major oxides only):

wtft oxides Sample AF-1A Sample AF-1B

SiOaAlaOaFeaOaMgOCaONaaOKaOLOITotal

0.79 7.0.110.32

21.0030.000.050.04

45.6098.00 7.

1.33 7.0.200.3520.7030.000.030.06

44.8097.60 7.

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Figure 5. Wolf Lake area and Two Islands Lake area. Scale 1:10,000

Ib Quartz-feldspar-biotite gneiss 3a Calcitic marble 5g Monzonite2 Plagioclase-amphibole gneiss 3d Dolomitic marble 6a Granite2b Calc-silicate gneiss 5a Syenite, quartz syenite 8a Pegmatite


B A. Farkas Jan. 1991 Griffith/Brougham marbles ... 13

H The CaO/MgO ratio of stoichiometric dolomite is 1.40; Samples AF-1A and AF-1B

have CaO/MgO ratios of 1.42. The probable error of CaO and MgO analysis is

fl on the order of 1 -27,, so these CaO/MgO ratios do not differ significantly

from that of pure dolomite. The minor amount of diopside present in the

m samples also influences these elemental ratios.

Obviously the Wolf Lake area warrants more prospecting. Since outcrop

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conditions are poor and the overburden is not too thick, trenching and

stripping should be undertaken.



Two Islands Lake area, Griffith Twp.

Two Islands Lake is located in the northern part of Griffith township (UTM

co-ordinates 5023 000 N, 330 500 E). Detailed prospecting of the area north

and south of the lake was undertaken (see Figure 5). This area is along

strike of the marbles quarried by Two Islands Marble Corporation. In the

swampy area up to 500-600m south of the lake no outcrops were found. Near

the south tip of the lake quartz-feldspar-biotite outcrops.

On a 300m-wide peninsula which extends into the lake is a large outcrop

of quartzofeldspathic paragneiss. Marble layers, 10-20cm to 1m wide, make up

about 10% of the outcrop. The well-developed gneissic layering strikes E-W

and dips at a shallow angle to the south. A few bands of amphibolite are

also present in the gneiss. Small outcrops of impure calcitic marble can be

found along the NE tip of the peninsula (Concession 13, lot 20, unsurveyed).

The marbles contain 5 7, phlogopite and a smaller amount of quartz.

Numerous small outcrops were found north of Two Islands Lake. The road

cut along the main forestry access road exposes impure calcitic marbles and

calc-silicates (diopside-phlogopite rocks). The impure marbles contain vague

bands of phlogopite and pale green diopside. Rarely, calcitic marbles with

2-37. quartz can be seen.

North of the main forestry access road, dolomitic and calcitic marbles,

quartzofeldspathic paragneiss, and, less commonly, calc-silicates outcrop.

In Concession 14, lot 20 (unsurveyed) small outcrops, a few square metres in

area, of high-purity marbles were found (Samples AF-5, AF-6, AF-7, and AF-8),

in addition to a larger number of impure marble outcrops. In general, the

gneissic foliation strikes NE and dips at a shallow angle toward the south.



A very coarse-grained, high-purity pinkish calcitic marble contains rare

2-3cm-sized quartz blebs. Overall, the diopside + quartz content appears to

be about l '/. ( Sample AF-5). Two samples taken from this outcrop (AF-5A and

AF-5B) contain 2.67. and 3X silica respectively, and 17. or less MgO.

A greyish-white dolomitic marble containing 1-27. phlogopite and asmaller

amount of diopside is expposed in a roadcut. A sample of this rock type has

a 37. silica content (Sample AF-6) and a CaO/MgO ratio of 1.49.

A high-purity dolomitic marble which contains 1-27. phlogopite and rare

pale green bands of diopside outcrops 400m NW from the main forestry access

road (Sample AF-7). Chemical analysis of two samples from this rock type

gave the following results:

oxides Sample AF-7A Sample AF-7B*

SiOaAlaOa

FeaOa

MgOCaONaaOKaOLO ITotal

0.84 'i.0.110.40

21.3030.500.020.04

45.9099.20 %

5.84 X0.200.49

21.0030.900.020.0841.70100.30 't.

* marble with diopside band.

In Sample AF-7A the CaO/MgO ratio is 1.43: the composition is close to that

of ideal dolomite i.e., very little CaO substitutes for MgO.

About 20m north of sample site AF-7 both dolomitic and calcitic marbles

outcrop. The white to greyish-white rocks are dolomite (Sample AF-8A); the

pinkish-white marbles are calcitic (Sample AF-8B). Both types appear to be

high-purity marbles. Their chemical composition is as follows:


A.Farkas Jan.1991 Griffith/Brougham marbles .,. 16

w 17. oxides Sample AF-8A Sample AF-8B

SiOaAla03Fea03MgOCaONaaOKaOLOITotal

0.99 7.0.100.3920.3031.600.020.08

45.5099. 13 7.

0.34 7.0.080.102.01

52.800.020.02

42.5097.98 y.

The CaO/MgO ratio of Sample AF-8A is 1.56. It is likely that CaO substitutes

for some of the MgO in the dolomite structure. Although the calcitic marble

(Sample AF-8B) contains very little impurity its MgO content is 2 '!,. Perhaps

a minor amount of dolomite accompanies the calcite.

It is obvious that this area deserves further prospecting. Although the

overburden appears to be thin the outcrop conditions are poor. Trenching and

stripping should be carried out. This is a high-priority candidate for

future prospecting.


A.Farkas Jan.1991 Griffith/Brougham marbles .., 17

Area E and NE of Two Islands Lake, Griffith Twp.

The area prospected is located in northern Griffith township in Concessions

13 and 14, lots 22, 23,and 24 (unsurveyed). About 800-900m north of the main

forestry access road a few small outcrops of calcitic marble containing 5 'A

phlogopite and diopside were located (Figure 6). Some of the rocks are

exposed in two old gravel pits, the larger 100m in diameter, the other only

10-20m, in the northern part of Concession 14, lot 24 (unsurveyed). In the

smaller pit both impure and pure marbles are exposed. The calcitic marbles

are crumbly-weathering and contain 2 7. or more phlogopite and a lesser amount

of diopside. Adjacent to or within the crumbly calcitic marbles, high-purity

white dolomitic marble is exposed: the area of exposure is only a square

metre or so. Sample AF-16A, taken from this exposure, has the following

chemical composition:

wt7. oxides Sample AF-16A

SiOaAlaOaFeaOa

MgOCaONazOKaOLOITotal

0.79 X0.120.3221.3031.400.020.08

44.8099.12 'k

The CaO/MgO ratio is 1.47. Due to the poor exposure the thickness of the

high-purity dolomitic marble bed is difficult to estimate. Possibly the

thickness is limited. Prospecting south and north of this locality failed to

locate more marble outcrops. About 200m south of sample site AF-16A quartz

syenite outcrops along an Az 20 trending intermittent stream. In the south

•AP-168 A F-17

'80

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Figure 6. Area E and NE of Two Islands Lake. Scale 1:10,000


3a Calcitic marble 5g Monzonite3d Dolomitic marble 6a Granite5a Syenite, quartz syenite 8a Pegmatite



A.Farkas Jan.1991 Griffith/Brougham marbles ,.. 19

end of Concession 14, lot 23, near the main forestry access road,

quartzofeldspathic gneiss and marble outcrops along a NE trending ridge.

Most of the marbles are of the impure type; they contain 5 to 107. diopside

and phlogopite.

A very coarse-grained high-purity pink calcitic marble outcrops 100m NE

of the road; its chemical composition is:

oxides Sample AF-18

SiOa

AlaOaFeaOa

MgOCaONaaOKaOLOITotal

1.0.0.1.

54.0.0.

42.100.

59 7.2423365005132040 X

A significant thickness of calcitic marble may be present at this locality.

Trenching should be carried out.

Other outcrops of high-purity marbles were found 20m to 100m south of

the main forestry access road (Concession 13, lot 23). These esthetically

pleasing pale pink to pinkish-white calcitic/dolomitic marbles have the

following chemical composition:

vt7. oxides Sample AF-16B Sample AF-8B

SiOaAlaOs

FeaC-3MgOCaONaaOKaO

LOITotal

1.35 Ti0.080.127.63

47.900.040.08

42.1099.41 "k

1.81 7.0.070.126.08

48.900.040.07

41.6098.78 X

l A.Farkas Jan.1991 Griffith/Brougham marbles ... 20

l tThe two samples were taken from outcrops located about 10 metres apart. The

' largest outcrop is about 10m long and l-2m wide. There is good potential for

finding more marbles like this: prospecting and trenching should be carried

out south and southwest of this area. This type of rock could also be used

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l A.Farkas Jan.1991 Griffith/Brougham marbles .,, 21

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lBrougham Lake area, Brougham Twp.

B Road cuts located between Bucky Pond and Brougham Lake were prospected: the

outcrops examined are plotted in Figure 7. Coarse-grained pink calcitic

l marbles occur in the area. These marbles contain 2-5% black biotite or

phlogopite, and are often interlayered with nepheline syenite gneiss; a few

m pegmatic layers with very coarse-grained white plagioclase and biotite were

| also seen. The cleanest-looking marble was sampled (Sample AF-9); it is

greyish-white, and contains 1 -27, phlogopite. The chemical analysis indicates

l 1.77. silica content and 3 .67* magnesium oxide content.

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Figure 7. Brougham Lake area. Scale 1:10,000





l A.Farkas Jan.1991 Griffith/Brougham marbles ... 23

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Area between Hwy 41 and Bucky Pond, Brougham Twp.

Road cuts along the main forestry access road from the south end of Bucky

Pond to Highway 41 were prospected. Some of the outcrops are plotted in

Figure 8. Pink to greyish-white calcitic marbles are exposed intermittently

from the south end of Bucky Pond to Brougham Lake. High-purity marbles are

not found; in general the marbles contain 2 to 5 7. phlogopite and a lesser

amount of diopside.

Near Highway 41 and at the junction of the forestry road and Highway 41

the marbles have a high impurity content: they contain 10 to 30X phlogopite

or biotite. These marble beds are tightly folded. There were at least two

periods of folding; the fold axes of late-stage folds plunge 600 to SO0 SE.

In the road cut of Highway 41 (SE corner of lot 17, Concession 31) a tightly

folded rusty schist in the marble outlines a N-S trending fold axis.

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Tooeys Lake area and Hwy 41, Brougham Twp.

Tooeys Lake is located in lot 26, Concession 18, Brougham township. The

Tooeys Lake area, and up to l km NE and 3 km SW of the lake was prospected.

All outcrops along Highway 41 and along a forestry road trending parallel to

Highway 41 were explored (see Figure 8).

Road cuts along Highway 41 expose impure calcitic marbles, amphibolites,

quartzofeldspathic paragneiss, and rare granite and granite pegmatite.

Foliation and layering strike NE and dip at a steep angle to SE. In the

phlogopitic marbles near Tooeys Creek bridge there are lenses and sheets of

granite and granite pegmatite. Only impure marbles were encountered along

the entire length of the highway. The calcitic marbles commonly contain 2 to

57. phlogopite and a variable amount of diopside. Some of the marbles have a

higher purity on a hand specimen scale: these greyish-white calcitic marbles

contain 1-27. phlogopite and diopside; however all outcrops of marbles contain

boudins of amphibolite and cloths or layers of phlogopite. The highest

purity marbles along Highway 41 are covered by a permit (Concession 19, lot

25), but even in this marble boudins of amphibolite and dark-coloured relict

layering can be seen,

l Small outcrops of marble and paragneiss were found adjacent to a

forestry road which runs parallel to Highway 41 (see Figure 8). In lot 30 of

l Concession 17 numerous very small outcrops of calcitic marbles were located

within a 100m radius. The colour of these marbles ranges from greyish-white

to pinkish-white or buff. The marble contains about 1 7. phlogopite and little

H or no graphite. Samples AF-10, AF-11, and AF-12 were taken from this area.

Their chemical composition is as follows:

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20

S-

10

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\ \

\, ^

\ \

\^

•jjO \

\\\

3Jy!

(t-7*/ '^3

//i AF-10J tt x A F-li

^ /3d . ' Si .*Ss'1 * *'^Jfyl'^•**\

i~* J&\lt

\....... y............. ......

tt^P

Figure 8. Tooeys Lake area and Hwy 41. Scale 1:10,00




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oxides Sample AF-10A Sample AF-10B Sample AF-11 Sample AF-12

SiOa

Ala03

FeaOaMgOCaONaaOKaO

LOITotal

1.36 X0.370. 183.9550.000.020.23

41.7097.93 '1.

0.90 X0.180. 123.2052.000.020.07

41.9098.52 X

0.83 7.0.130.263.6350.900.020.06

43.0098.88 7.

1.82 X0.340.163.86

49.900.110.13

41.0097.37 X

It appears that these calcitic marbles also contain some dolomite.

Nevertheless, they have a low impurity content. The area should be explored

by trenching. This is a high-priority target for further prospecting.

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Cameron Lake area, Brougham Twp.

fl Cameron Lake is located in lot 29, Concession 15 of Brougham township. The

area between Highway 41 and Cameron Lake was prospected (see Figure 9). In a

B road cut along the bend of Highway 41 quartz-feldspar-biotite paragneiss

outcrops. There are only a few small outcrops between Cameron Lake and

Highway 41. On a small hill 200m west of Cameron Lake monzonite and diorite

fl or gabbro outcrops. Marbles can be found along the shore of Cameron Lake.

Small plugs and veins of monzonite intrude the marbles. The contact with the

l intrusive rocks runs in a N-S direction. The monzonite is white, coarse-

grained to pegmatitic, and contains little or no mafic minerals. Patches of

m very coarse-grained white plagioclase occur in the monzonite. The

M composition of the intrusive rock probably ranges from monzonite to a leuco-

monzodiorite. In the vicinity of the intrusive the fine-grained marbles are

B recrystallized into a very coarse-grained texture (lcm to 3cm grainsize).

The fine-grained white calcitic/dolomitic marbles contain a few percent

0 phlogopite and a lesser amount of diopside (Sample AF-15A). The very coarse-

M grained calcitic marble is greenish-white and contains more diopside (Sample

AF-15B). Although high-purity marbles often occur near intrusive contacts,

l samples AF-15A and AF-15B contain a fair amount of accessory minerals; this

is evident from their chemical composition (2.57. and 5 7. silica respectively).

The size of the intrusive and that of the contact zone is relatively small:

the fine and coarse-grained marble samples were taken 20m apart.

Although more prospecting is warranted in this area it is not a high-

priority target. There are very few outcrops. Further prospecting would

require trenching.

110009

ri i \ O W Cornei'on Lake '"" """ "" """

Figure 9. Cameron Lake area. Scale 1:10,000

Ib Quartz-feldspar-biotite gneiss 3a Calcitic marble2 Plagioclase-amphibole gneiss 3d Dolomitic marble2b Calc-silicate gneiss 5a Syenite, quartz syenite

Sg Monzonite 6a Granite 8a Pegmatite


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Area around Lower Twin Lake and Hwy 41, Brougham Twp.

Lower Twin Lake is located in lot 32, Concession 16 of Brougham township. On

the west side of Lower Twin Lake buff-coloured and beige calcitic marbles

outcrop (see Figure 10). The marbles contain 1-27. phlogopite and a similar

amount of diopside; less commonly, about 17. graphite is also present.

Although the marbles are relatively pure their brightness is low.

Between the south end of Lower Twin Lake and Highway 41 a small outcrop

lof relatively pure coarse-grained greyish-white calcitic marble was found

l (Sample AF-14 in Figure 10). The marble contains 1-27. phlogopite and a

lesser amount of diopside; a minor amount of graphite was also noted.

l Chemical analysis of Sample AF-14 indicates 2.37. silica and 47. MgO. This

M calcitic marble probably also contains dolomite.

Southwest of Lower Twin Lake road cuts along the highway expose pink to

l greyish-white calcitic marbles which contain 3 to 57. phlogopite and a lesser

amount of diopside. Amphibolite, calc-silicate rock (hornblende-calcite

f rock), and less commonly quartzofeldspathic paragneiss is interbedded with

^ the marble. The marble also contains boudinaged segments of these rocks.

* In the road cut near Sample AF-14 somewhat cleaner calcitic marbles are

l present. A limited amount of trenching would be needed to evaluate the area

in the vicinity of Sample AF-14. Since the favourable area is small this is

not a high-priority target.


77*03'3*0000*6

Figure 10. Area around Lower Twin Lake and Hwy 41. Scale 1:10,000

Ib Quartz-feldspar-biotite gneiss 3a Calcitic marble 5g Monzonite2 Plagioclase-amphibole gneiss 3d Dolomitic marble 6a Granite2b Calc-silicate gneiss 5a Syenite, quartz syenite 8a Pegmatite


l A.Farkas Jan.1991 Griffith/Brougham marbles ...31

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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

High-purity marbles were located in several areas; the most promising targets

for further exploration are:

1. Wolf Lake area, Griffith Twp. (Figure 5). High-purity dolomitic marbles

are present. Samples AF-1A, AF-1B.

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l2. Two Islands Lake area, Griffith Twp. (Figure 6). High-purity dolomitic

l and calcitic marbles were located. Samples AF-7A, AF-8A, AF-8B.

3. Area northeast of Two Islands Lake, Griffith Twp. (Figure 7).

Relatively high-purity calcitic and dolomitic marbles were found.

Samples AF-16A, AF-16B, AF-17, AF-18.

4. Area southwest of Tooeys Lake near Hwy 41, Brougham Twp. High-purity

calcitic marbles were found. Samples AF-10A, AF-10B, AF-11, AF-12.

The outcrop conditions are poor in all the target areas. Trenching and

further prospecting is recommended.

The brightness of the samples investigated is lower than that of a top-

quality filler (947. vs 967.); nevertheless the potential exists for finding

marbles with higher brightness. The calcitic marbles generally have more than

17. MgO content. Top-grade calcitic fillers should contain less MgO than this.

The esthetically pleasing pale pink calcitic marbles could also be used

as dimension stones (Samples AF-16B, AF-17). The high-purity dolomites also

have potential use in the manufacture of refractories.

B The most efficient method of further exploration in all these areas is

trenching by bulldozer or excavator.

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REFERENCES

Booth, C.A., 1984. Preparation and evaluation of two dolomite samples from eastern Ontario. IMS Report 63-40012-84 for Trisar Resources.

Easton Minerals Ltd., 1989. Report on four diamond drill holes on Graham Mountain Prospect.

Guillet, G.R., and Kreins, J., 1984. Ontario and the mineral filler industry. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Mineral Resources Branch, Industrial Mineral Background Paper 5 (IMPB 5), 175 pp.

Kriens, J., 1984. Evaluation of a group of dolomite samples. Progress Report l, IMD Laboratories Ltd. (OM 84-9C-207).

LeBaron, P.S., and MacKinnon, A., 1990. Precambrian dolomite resources in southeastern Ontario. OGS Open File Report 5712.

Paulus, E., 1986. Trisar Resources Ltd. diamond drilling report, Highland Project, Eastern Ontario Mining Division (OM 84-9-C-149).

Storey, C.C., and Vos, M.A., 1981. Industrial minerals of the Pembroke- Renfrew area: Part l, marble. OGS Mineral Deposits Circular 21.

Themistocleous, S.G., 1981. Geology of the Khartum area, Renfrew County. Ontario Geological Survey Report 211; includes Map 2454.

l A.Farkas Jan. 1991 Appendix A

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lAPPENDIX A.

H Petrographic Descriptions

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A.Farkas Jan.1991 Sample AF - lA App.A p.l

Rock type: Dolomitic marble.Mineralogy: Dolomite, diopside, phlogopite, opaque.

Dolomite: Very large anhedral grains up to l-2cm in diameter. A fine (O.lmm) granular mosaic occurs along the boundaries of large grains or fills the interstitial space among them.

Diopside: Isolated round to idioblastic grains occur in a dolomite 17. matrix; grainsize varies from O.lmm to 0.5mm. Some of the

diopside grains are partially replaced by dolomite.

Phlogopite: Small (O.lmm to 0.5mm) tabular crystals enclosed by coarsely 0.57. crystalline dolomite. Isolated grains of phlogopite. Less

commonly, four or five phlogopite grains are intergrown.

Sericite(?): Replaces round anhedral grains O.lmm to 0.5mm in diameter, trace

Opaque: (a) Extremely fine-grained dusty opaque particles in dolomite, trace

(b) Rare elongated subhedral grains O.lmm in length.

Geological interpretation:

Metamorphism took place in amphibolite facies. Skeletal crystals of diopside and embayment of diopside crystals were formed in this manner during metamorphism (rather than being a product of replacement during late-stage metamorphism). Skeletal grains can be produced during fast crystal growth (e.g., crystals formed from silica melt). Perhaps there was a rapid rise in temperature during peak metamorphic conditions; this could have produced skeletal crystals.

The marble has a sutured texture. Its extremely coarse grainsize probably resulted from annealing after a high-strain deformation: i.e., it was a two-stage process: (1) high-strain deformation; (2) rise in temperature (e.g., due to increase in metamorphic grade) accompanied by recrystallization (annealing).

Alternatively the very coarse grainsize would be the result of contact metamorphism. Since the marble does not have a granoblastic texture this is not likely.

Notes on mineral benefication:

Grinding the rock to less than O.lmm grainsize would liberate the diopside grains. Brightness would not be improved by magnetic separation of opaque particles: most of the opaque material is too fine-grained.


A.Farkas Jan.1991 Sample AF - 2 App.A p.2

Rock type: Calcitic marble.Mineralogy: Calcite, phlogopite, diopside, opaque.

Calcite: (a) Very coarse (up to l-2cm) irregular-shaped anhedral grains.

(b) A lesser amount of fine-grained anhedral calcite which occurs in patches; irregular-shaped grains O.lmm to 0.2mm in diameter.

(c) Very fine granular mosaic of calcite (or dolomite?) replacing diopside(?). Grainsize is less than O.lmm.

Diopside: (a) Isolated round to idioblastic grains enclosed by coarsely 3-47. crystalline calcite. Grainsize O.lmm to 1mm.

(b) Relict patches of diopside in very fine granular carbonate, which partially replaces(?) the diopside.

Phlogopite: Small (0.5mm) platy crystals in coarse-grained calcite. 0.52

Opaque: Disseminated anhedral grains O.lmm to 0.5mm in diameter. 0.1-0. 2 7. Possibly hematite after magnetite or pyrite.


The impure carbonate rock was metamorphosed to amphibolite facies. The marble has a sutured texture. The very coarse grainsize is the result of annealing after a high-strain deformation. The skeletal diopside grains formed during metamorphism. Replacement of diopside by carbonate is not likely.


The most common "impurity" is diopside; since it is present in a fairly large amount, separating it from the calcite would be uneconomic. It is likely that a large part of the Mg indicated by whole-rock analysis is tied up in diopside and phlogopite; therefore the calcite must have a low Mg content.



Rock type: Calcitic marble.Mineralogy: Calcite, diopside, phlogopite, graphite.

Calcite: (a) Irregular-shaped interlocking grains 2mm to 10mm in diameter.

(b) A lesser amount of fine-grained mosaic of calcite, grainsize O.lmm, occurs in patches and along grain boundaries of the coarse-grained calcite.

Diopside: Fine-grained anhedral diopside often occurs as inclusions in 1-2/i coarse-grained calcite; less commonly, it occurs along the

grain boundaries of calcite. Grainsize O.lmm to 0.5mm. The diopside is partially replaced(?) by carbonate. Some skeletal diopside grains are nearly completely replaced(?) by carbonate.

Phlogopite: Small anhedral grains in calcite.minor

Graphite: Disseminated platy crystals and ragged flakes of graphite occur in calcite. Grainsize is O.lmm to 0.5mm.


This rock is finer-grained than Samples AF-1 and AF-2; apart from this it is texturally quite similar to other marbles (sutured texture). Skeletal diopside grains formed during peak metamorphic conditions (amphibolite facies).


Most of the diopside would be liberated by grinding the rock to less than O.lmm grainsize. Due to the presence of graphite the brightness of the ground rock would be fairly low.



Rock type: Dolomitic marble.Mineralogy: Dolomite, diopside, phlogopite, graphite.

Dolomite: Irregular interlocking grains with an average diameter of lcm. A lesser amount of finer-grained (1mm diameter) grains occur in patches and along the grain boundaries of larger grains.

Diopside: (a) Isolated round to idioblastic grains enclosed in coarsely 17. crystalline dolomite, grainsize O.lmm to 0.5mm; a few

polycrystalline aggregates of diopside 1mm in diameter. Most of the diopside is included in dolomite; a lesser amount occurs along the grain boundaries of dolomite.

(b) Skeletal grains.

Phlogopite: Tabular and short prismatic crystals O.lmm to 0.3mm long. 2% Enclosed by coarsely crystalline dolomite.

Graphite: Disseminated platy crystals up to 1mm in length. In the entire 0,1-0. 2 7, sample there are about a dozen larger grains and about the

same number of smaller grains.


(See previous descriptions.)


Due to the presence of a minor amount of graphite the brightness of the ground rock would be fairly low.

111111111

A.Farkas Jan.

9Rock type:Mineralogy:

Calcite:

Diopside: (a)2-3%

(b)

Sphene:trace

Opaque:trace

1991 Sample AF - 5A App.A p-

Calcitic marble.Calcite, diopside, sphene, opaque.

Anhedral grains with irregular outline; most are 1-2 cm in diameter. A lesser amount of fine-grained (1mm) grains.

Isolated round to idioblastic grains, enclosed in calcite.Average diameter is O.lmm to 0.5mm.

Polycrystalline grains 1mm in diameter. The diopside ispartially replaced by calcite.

A rhomb-shaped grain O.lmm long is enclosed in calcite.

Very-fine-grained dusty opaque impregnation in calcite; alsooccurs along hairline fractures.



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Notes on mineral benfication:

Grindingdiopside

the rock to less than O.lmm diameter would liberate thegrains. The diopside may be eliminated by gravity separation.

It is likely that most of the Mg detected by whole-rock analysis occurs in diopside; therefore the calcite has a very low Mg content.



Rock type: Dolomitic marble.Mineralogy: Dolomite, phlogopite, diopside, pyrite.

Dolomite: Interlocking anhedral grains with iregular outlines, grainsize l -4mm. Finer-grained (O.lmm to 0.5mm) dolomite crystals are interstitial between the larger ones.

Phlogopite: Platy or prismatic crystals O.lmm long enclosed in dolomite.

Diopside: Round anhedral inclusions in dolomite; grainsize O.lmm. minor

Pyrite: Disseminated anhedral grains up to O.lmm in diameter. 0.1-0.27.




This rock has a much higher proportion of phlogopite to diopside than other samples. There is too much phlogopite for the rock to be useful as a filler or as a source of pure magnesium oxide.


A.Farkas Jan.1991 Sample AF - 7B App.A p.7

Rock type: Dolomitic marble.Mineralogy: Dolomite, chondrodite, serpentine, phlogopite, muscovite or

biotite.

Dolomite: Irregular interlocking anhedral grains, 2-5mm averagegrainsize. A few smaller (0.5mm) anhedral grains located along grain boundaries of layer crystals. Prominent polysynthetic twinning.

Chondrodite: Round to idioblastic grains 0.5mm to 2mm in diameter, yellow in 17. p lane light. Cut by irregular fractures. Intensively altered.

Serpentine(?): Fibrous, nearly isotropic, very low birefringence. Replaces 4% chondrodite.

Phlogopite: Small platy crystals enclosed by dolomite, minor

Muscovite or biotite: Thin tabular crystals with colourless to pale green trace to minor pleochroism.


Chondrodite was the most common accessory mineral in this dolomitic marble. Chondrodite formed as a result of fluorine metasomatism which took place during regional metamorphism. During retrograde metamorphism chondrodite was replaced by serpentine.


The dusty opaque grains are too fine for magnetic separation. The rock contains too large an amount of silicate impurities to be used as a filler. The serpentine would be difficult to separate from dolomite.


A.Farkas Jan.91 Sample AF - 6A App.A p.8

Rock type: Dolomitic marble.Mineralogy: Dolomite, phlogopite, magnesite(?), opaque.

Dolomite: Irregular interlocking anhedral grains l-3mm in diameter. Patches of finer-grained (O.lmm to 0.2mm) dolomite.

Phlogopite: Isolated round grains 0.5mm in diameter, partially enclosed by 17. dolomite crystals.

Magnesite(?): Pseudomorph^ after round to rectangular grains 0.5mm in minor diameter. Microcrystalline. High birefringence and refractive

index. Impregnated with patches of dusty opaque.

Opaque: Anhedral 0.01mm grains disseminated in dolomite.


A high-purity dolomitic marble without a diagnostic metamorphic mineral assemblage. Metamorphism probably took place in amphibolite facies.


The main impurity in this rock is phlogopite: grinding to about O.lmm diameter followed by flotation would probably remove it. The opaque content is quite low. The brightness of the ground rock would be fairly high.

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Rock type: Calcitic marble.Mineralogy: Calcite, diopside, phlogopite, opaque.

Calcite: Irregular anhedral grains with an average diameter of 2-4mm. Smaller (O.lmm) grains occur along the boundaries of larger grains.

Diopside: Several small (O.lmm diameter) round anhedral grains enclosed IX by calcite. Diopside also occurs as relict patches in calcite.

It is partially replaced by calcite(7). One large subhedralgrain l.5mm long.

Phlogopite: Anhedral grains up to 0.5mm in diameter, partially to 0.57. completely enclosed by calcite.

Opaque: Dusty opaque impregnation in calcite, trace


The presence of diopside indicates amphibolite metamorphism. Skeletal grains of diopside filled with calcite indicate a rapid growth of diopside during metamorphism. The marble has a sutured texture. The very coarse grainsize is due to annealing after high-strain deformation.


Most of the diopside and phlogopite would be liberated if the rock were ground to less than O.lmm grainsize. Eyen if all the diopside were eliminated from the rock, however, its magnesium content would still be too high for a pure calcite (see whole-rock chemical data, Appendix B). In addition to calcite, a minor amount of dolomite may also be present in this rock.

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A.Farkas Jan.

fRock type:Mineralogy:

Calcite:

Diopside:17.

Phlogopite:1*

Opaque:

1991 Sample AF - 10A App.A p.

Calcitic marble.Calcite, diopside, phlogopite.

Irregular anhedral grains 1mm to lcm in diameter. Interlocking grains with curved, embayed grain boundaries. There are twotype of calcite grain:

a. clear, transparent, sparry calcite;b. calcite grains impregnated with extremely fine-grained

dusty opaque material; these amount to about 307. of thetotal calcite present.

Round anhedral grains and percrystalline aggregates withgrainsize ranging from O.lmm to 1mm. Some diopside grains arepartially replaced(?) by calcite. Relict patches of diopside in calcite.

Round to elongate anhedral grains O.lmm to 0.3mm in diameter;occurs as inclusions in calcite and along grain boundaries ofcalcite.

Very fine dusty impregnation in calcite.


(See previous samples.) The rock has a sutured texture. It is finer-grained than other samples. Perhaps it was deformed during the earlystages of metamorphism.


Althoughwould notcalcite.

the impurity content of this marble is low, the ground producthave high brightness due to the dusty opaque impregnation in

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Rock type: Calcitic marble.Mineralogy: Calcite, phlogopite, diopside, plagioclase, sericite, opaque.

Calcite: Irregular anhedral grains, l-5mm average grainsize. Two types:

(a) transparent sparry calcite; about 307. of total calcite present;

(b) calcite impregnated with extremely fine-grained dusty opaque material.

Phlogopite: Round to elongate platy crystals O.lmm to 1mm in length; often 17. intergrown with diopside.

Diopside: (a) Larger anhedral to prismatic grains up to 1.5mm in length. 1 7,

(b) Skeletal grains and relict patches in calcite. Partially to completely replaced(?) by calcite.

Plagioclase: One grain of anhedral plagioclase 0.3mm in diameter, partially minor replaced by sericite.

Sericite: Replaces plagioclase, minor

Opaque: Extremely fine-grained dusty opaque impregnation in calcite, minor


(See other descriptions.) The rock has a sutured texture. Its grainsize is finer than average among the rocks tested. The skeletal grains of diopside are interpreted as metamorphic textures. The presence of both sparry calcite and calcite dusted with extremely fine opaque grains suggests two periods of recrystallization for the calcite grains.


Although this is a high-purity marble, because of the dusty impregnation of calcite the powdered marble could not be expected to have very high brightness. The opaque grains are too fine-grained for magnetic separation.

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A. Farkas Jan

*Rock type:Mineralogy:

Calcite:

Diopside:1*

Phlogopite:0.57.

Graphite:D.5%

Pyrite:trace

.1991 Sample AF - 11 App.A p.:

Calcitic marble.Calcite, diopside, phlogopite, graphite, pyrite.

Anhedral grains with irregular outlines; grainsize varies from 1mm to lcm. Transparent crystals with a few patches of dustyopaque.

Anhedral to euhedral grains O.lmm to 1mm in length. Thesmaller diopside grains are included in calcite. Larger grainsoccur along the grain boundaries of calcite.

Round to subhedral grains O.lmm to 0.3mm in diameter; oftenenclosed by calcite.

Disseminated platy crystals and anhedral grains with raggedoutlines; grainsize O.lmm to 1mm; often occurs as inclusions incalcite.

Anhedral grains 0.5mm in diameter, enclosed by calcite.


The presence of diopside indicates amphibolite facies metamorphism.(See previous descriptions.)


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and phlogopite grains could be liberated by grinding the rockthan O.lmm particle size. The presence of graphite would result

in lowered brightness of the ground calcium carbonate.

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Rock type: Calcitic marble.Mineralogy: Calcite, diopside, phlogopite, graphite.

Calcite: Irregular anhedral grains; curved, embayed boundaries;grainsize l-5mm. Some smaller grains, O.lmm to 0.2mm diameter.

Diopside: Small anhedral grains O.lmm in diameter and a few larger grains 2'A 1mm to 1.5mm long. The smaller diopside grains are included in

calcite; large diopside grains occur along the grain boundariesof calcite.

Phlogopite: Round to elongate platy crystals O.lmm to 1mm in size, often 17, included in calcite.

Graphite: Small platy crystals and crystals with ragged boundaries. 0.1-0.57. Included in calcite. Length of grains O.lmm to 1mm.


The rock underwent amphibolite facies metamorphosis; graphite is a metamorphic rather than a hydrothermal mineral. The marble has a sutured texture.


Diopside and phlogopite could be liberated by grinding the rock to less than 0.1mm particle size. Due to the presence of fine-grained graphite, which would be difficult to separate from the calcite, brightness of the ground rock would not be high.



Rock type: Calcitic marble.Mineralogy: Calcite, phlogopite, diopside, graphite.

Callcite: Irregular anhedral grains l-5mm in diameter, average grainsize 2-3mm. Nearly equant to elongate grains. A lesser amount of fine-grained (O.lmm to 0.5mm diameter) calcite occurs along the boundaries of larger grains.

Diopside: Anhedral to subhedral prismatic grains, average length 0.3mm to 27. 0 .5mm. A few larger prismatic grains 0.7mm to 0.8mm in length.

The large diopside grains occur along the grain boundaries ofcalcite.

Phlogopite: Anhedral to subhedral platy crystals with an average diameter 37. o f 0.5mm. The elongate grains have good preferred orientation.

Larger phlogopite grains occur along the grain boundaries ofcalcite.

Graphite: Platy crystals 0.5mm to 1mm long with fairly good preferredorientation are disseminated in the marble. Larger grains of graphite occur along grain boundaries of calcite.


(Same as previous samples.)


There is too much phlogopite and diopside in this marble, separation from calcite would be uneconomic.

Their



Rock type: Calcitic marble.Mineralogy: Calcite, phlogopite, diopside, graphite.

Calcite: Irregular anhedral grains, elongate to approximately equant, average diameter 3-4ram. The elongate grains are aligned parallel to the preferred orientation of phlogopite. Patches of finer-grained calcite (O.lmm to 0.5mm grainsize).

Phlogopite: Platy crystals up to 1mm long with fairly good preferred 27. orientation; mostly occurs along grain boundaries of calcite.

The smaller phlogopite grains are enclosd in calcite.

Diopside: Subhedral to anhedral grains O.lmm to 0.5mm long, partially to 17. completely enclosed by calcite.

Graphite: Platy crystals with good preferred orientation; grainsize 0.5mm 0.17. to 1mm.




Although diopside, and to a lesser extent phlogopite, could be separated from calcite after grinding to less than O.lmm grainsize, the ground product would still have 2 -37, magnesium oxide content which would limit its use as a filler (see whole-rock chemical data).


A.Farkas Jan.1991 Sample AF - ISA App.A p.16

Rock type: Calcitic-dolomitic marble.Mineralogy: Calcite/dolomite, phlogopite, diopside.

Calcite/dolomite: Anhedral, approximately equant to elongate grains with irregular outlines, average grainsize l-2mm.

Phlogopite: Anhedral to subhedral platy crystals up to 1mm in length. 27. Mostly occurs along grain boundaries of calcite/dolomite.

Diopside: Subhedral grains up to 1.5mm long occur along grain boundaries 1-27. of calcite/dolomite.




Even if all diopside and phlogopite were successfully separated from the carbonate the resulting product would have too high a magnesium content to be used as a calcium carbonate filler.



Rock type: Calcitic marble. Mineralogy: Calcite, diopside, opaque.

Calcite: Very coarse-grained idioblastic to anhedral clear, transparent crystals l-3cm in diameter.

Diopside: Subhedral grains, eight-sided to prismatic; grainsize 0.5mm to 3-47. 1mm. A few larger polycrystalline grains 1.5mm in length.

Included in calcite.

Opaque: A very little dusty opaque material impregnating calcite, trace


The extremely coarse grainsize is attributed to recrystallization due to contact metamorphism. The sample was collected from the vicinity of an intrusive body.


All diopside grains could be liberated by grinding the rock to less than 0.2mm grainsize. Both in hand specimen and under the microscope the calcite is clear, transparent. If the diopside content were not so high, filler-grade calcium carbonate could be produced.

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A.Farkas Jan. 1991 Sample AF

tRock type: Dolomitic marble.Mineralogy: Dolomite, phlogopite.

Dolomite: Coarse-grained (3-6mm) anhedral outlines. Approximately equanttransparent crystals.

Phlogopite: Anhedral to subhedral inclusionsO.S-1.0% to 0.5mm; the larger phlogopite

boundaries of dolomite.


- 16A App.A p

dolomite with irregular to elongate grains; clear,

in dolomite, grainsize O.lmmgrains occur along grain

No diagnostic metamorphic mineral assemblage is present. Metamorphismprobably took place in amphibolite faciestexture.


One of the highest-purity dolomites amongwithout the separation of phlogopite thea filler. Phlogopite could be liberatedthan O.lmm grainsize; phlogopite could beclassification or by flotation.

In hand specimen the rock is milky white:product would be relatively high.

The marble has a sutured

the rocks investigated. Evenrock could possibly be used asby grinding the rock to lesseliminated by air

the brightness of the ground



Rock type: Dolomitic/calcitic marble. Mineralogy: Dolomite, calcite, phlogopite, opaque.

Dolomite/calcite:(a) Larger anhedral grains l-2mm in diameter; probably dolomite.

(b) Fine anhedral grains O.lmm to 0.2mm in diameter; mostlyirregular-shaped grains, few granular aggregates. The finer grains also occur along the margins of the larger grains.

Phlogopite: Most often occurs as anhedral grains O.lmm in diameter; a few 17, larger grains, 0.3mm to 0.4mm in diameter. Enclosed by larger

carbonate grains or occurs along grain boundaries of carbonatecrystals.

Opaque: A few anhedral grains 0.01mm in diameter, trace


No diagnostic metamorphic mineral assemblage is present. Metamorphism probably took place in amphibolite facies. The larger carbonate grains appear to be dolomite. The calcitic marble was partially dolomitized during metamorphism. These dolomite crystals are apparent on the weathered surface of the hand specimen: they weather with a positive relief.


Although the carbonate rock has a low impurity content its use as a filler is limited by two of its properties:

a. pink colour in hand specimen precludes a high brightness for the ground product;

b. relatively high magnesium oxide content.



Rock type: Calcitic/dolomitic marble. Mineralogy: Calcite, dolomite, diopside, garnet.

Calcite/dolomite:(a) Larger elongate anhedral grains, 4-6mm in length; probably

dolomite.

(b) Irregular anhedral grains l-2mm in diameter; probably calcite.

(c) Round inclusions and elongate blebs with parallel orientation occur in calcite grains; possibly exsolved dolomite.

Diopside: (a) Idioblastic and anhedral grains 0.5mm to 1mm in diameter, 37. mostly located along grain boundaries of carbonate. Some

grains are partially to completely enclosed by carbonates.

(b) Rare polycrystalline aggregates of diopside, 3-4mm in diameter.

Garnet: One subhedral grain, O.lmm in diameter, enclosed by carbonate, trace


(See previous samples.)


A fair amount of dolomite is present, and the dolomite could not be separated from calcite. The rock could not be used as a calcium carbonate filler.



Rock type: Mineralogy:

Calcitic marble. Calcite, diopside.

Calcite: Very coarse-grained anhedral calcite: irregular to appproximately equant grains l-2cm in diameter.

Diopside: Anhedral to subhedral grains 0.5mm to 1mm in diameter. One 27. polycrystalline grain with a diameter of 3mm. The diopside

grains are included in calcite.


The marble underwent amphibolite facies metamorphism. The extremely coarse grainsize may be due to contact metamorphism; however the texture of the marble is not granoblastic.


Diopside is the only "impurity". Most of the diopside grains would be liberated by grinding the rock to less than 0.5mm grainsize; diopside, which has a higher specific gravity than calcite, could be eliminated by gravity separation. The resulting product would be a very pure calcium carbonate with very little silica and perhaps 0 .57, magnesium oxide content.

Unfortunately the rock has a pinkish colour in hand specimen; the ground powder probably would not have a very high brightness.

A second thin section cut from another piece of rock contains a minor amount of phlogopite and 1-27. diopside.

m A .Farkas Jan.1991 Appendix B (1)

l *

l

l

lAPPENDIX B.

H Results of Chemical Analysis

l

l List of samples analysed

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1111111111111111111

A. Farkas

9

sample

AF-1A

AF-1B

AF-2

AF-3

AF-4

AF-5A

AF-5B

AF-6

AF-7A

AF-7B

AF-8A

AF-8B

AF-9

AF-10A

AF-10B

AF-11

AF-12

Jan. 1991 Appendix B (1) . .

LIST OF SAMPLES

White to greyish-white very coarse-grained high-purity dolomiticmarble. High brightness.

White to greyish-white coarse-grained dolomitic marble. Containsa minor amount of phlogopite.

Coarse-grained high-purity dolomitic marble. Greyish-white.contains a minor amount of diopside.

Greyish-white high-purity calcitic marble with a minor amount ofphlogopite and graphite.

Buff-coloured to greyish-white dolomitic marble with l-23iphlogopite and minor graphite.

Pinkish-white calcitic marble with a minor amount of phlogopiteand diopside.

Pinkish-white calcitic marble.

Greyish-white dolomitic marble. Minor phlogopite and diopside.

High-purity dolomitic marble, greyish-white.

Dolomitic marble with diopside and phlogopite. Buff-coloured togreyish-white. Contains a 4cm-wide calc-silicate band.

High-purity dolomitic marble, greyish-white.

High-purity calcitic marble, greyish-white.

Calcitic marble with a minor amount of phlogopite. Buff-colouredto greyish-white.

Blue-white to greyish-white calcitic marble with a minor amountof phlogopite.

Calcitic marble, buff-coloured to greyish-white; contains a minoramount of phlogopite.

Calcitic marble with less than 1 7, phlogopite and graphite.Greyish-white.

White to greyish-white calcitic marble. Contains more graphitethan phlogopite.

l l l l l l lll l l l l l l l l l l

A.Farkas Jan.1991 Appendix B (1) ... 2

sample

AF-13 Light grey calcitic marble; contains 2% phlogopite and minor graphite.

AF-14 Greyish-white calcitic marble with diopside and phlogopite.

AF-15A Greyish-white fine-grained phlogopitic marble.

AF-15B Greenish-white calcitic marble with diopside and phlogopite. Extremely coarse-grained.

AF-16A White, coarse-grained dolomitic marble with a minor amount ofdiopside. Appears to be the brightest of all samples collected.

AF-16B Pink dolomitic marble, high-purity, relatively fine-grained.

AF-17 Pink dolomitic marble, high-purity, relatively fine-grained.

AF-18 Pink calcitic marble, coarse-grained; contains a minor amount of phlogopite.

AF-19 Greyish-white calcite. From calcite vein.

l l l l l l l l l l l ll l l l l l l

BARRINGER LABORATORIES5735 MCADAM ROAD MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO CANADA L4Z1N9PHONE: (416) 8904566 FAX: (416) 8904575

Arpad Farkas 66 Pacific Ave Apt*502Toronto,Ontario M6P 2P4

Attn: A.Farkas Project:

Job: 901382

19-Dec-90

Page: Copy: Set :

l of12l

Received: 4-Dec-90 15:25PO

Status; Final

Samole Id

AF-1AAF-1BAF-2AF-3AF-4AF-5AAF-5BAF-6AF-7ABlank{ fusion)

AF-7BAF-8AAF-8BAF-9AF-10AAF-10BAF-11AF-12AF-13AF-14

AF-15AAF-15BAF-16AAF-16BAF-17AF-18AF-19

Si02 I CAP

X

0.791.336.101.562.222.632.973.040.84^.01

5.840.990.341.711.360.900.831.822.632.33

2.485.010.791.351.811.590.58

A1203 I CAP X

0.110.200.220.380.270.160.470.420.11^.01

0.200.100.080.250.370.180.130.340.480.35

0.430.360.120.080.070.240.16

Fe203 I CAP X

0.320.350.360.120.270.190.220.530.40

-CO. 01

0.490.390.100.270.180.120.260.160.190.31

0.190.160.320.120.120.230.19

MgO I CAP X

21.020.73.704.06

18.41.060.65

20.721.3^.01

21.020.32.013.603.953.203.633.863.984.08

9.091.89

21.37.636.081.360.80

CaO I CAP X

30.030.049.550.034.753.353.530.930.5^.01

30.931.652.850.050.052.050.949.950.950.3

45.851.431.4 ,47.948.954.553.4

Na20 I CAP X

0.050.03^.02^.02^.02^.02^.02^.02^.02^.02

^.02^.02^.020.05^.02K0.02^.020.110.080.08

0.040.11^.020.040.040.050.04

K20 I CAP X

0.040.06^.020.140.160.080.290.290.04^.02

0.080.08

*C0.020.160.230.070.060.130.280.17

0.360.230.080.080.070.130.06

Ti02 I CAP X

0.0070.0070.0190.0150.0130.0040.0320.0170.003^.001

0.0070.0030.0030.0150.0150.0090.0060.0180.0190.020

0.0180.0150.0060.0040.0030.0110.006

SERVICES FOR THE EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES


BARRINGER LABORATORIES5735 MCADAM ROAD MISSISSAUQA, ONTARIO CANADA L4Z1N9PHONE: (416) 890-8566 FAX: (416) 890-8575

19-Dec-90Arpad Farkas 66 Pacific Ave Apt#502Toronto,Ontario M6P 2P4


Job; 901382

Page: Copy: Set :

l of

PO #:Received: 4-Dec-90 15:25

Status; Final

Sample Id

Blank (cleaning sand)

Sample Id

AF-1AAF-1BAF-2AF-3AF-4AF-5AAF-5BAF-6AF-7ABlank( fusion)

AF-7BAF-8AAF-8BAF-9AF-10AAF-10BAF-11AF-12AF-13AF-14

Si02 ICAP

99.8

P205ICAP

%

O,02•CO. 02^.02<0.02<0.02<0.02<0.02^.02<0.02<0.02

<0.02K0.02^.02O.02O.02O,02^.02O.02^0.02<0.02

A1203 Fe203 ICAP ICAP

X X

0

LOI

* 10 0.32

SUMOXFURN

X

45.44.39.41.43.41.41.44.45.

^.0

41.45.42.42.41.41.43,41.41.41.

6862456191

7550790016

CALCX

98.97.99.97.99.98,99.

100,99.0.

100.99.97.98.97.98.98.97.99.99.

MgO CaO ICAP ICAP

X X

0

AgICAPppm

1260586047978502112

3139816935288377638

0OOOOOOOOO

OOOooo0o0o

.16 0.32

Ba CdICAP ICAPppm ppm

42 O29 O

130 O162 O

13 618 031 O18 9

6 80 0

16 97 7

10 O90 5

158 O118 O117 O187 O122 O118 O

Na20 ICAP

X

0.04

CoICAP

K20 Ti02 ICAP ICAP

X X

CrICAP

ppm ppm

OO00OOOO00OO0000OOOO

OOOOK 30OOOOOOOOOOOOOO

2220

8O20OO23220

4622

5O

997

O8

14

0.04

CuICAPppm

2157776

1310210

1310

7886999

10

0.045

MnICAPppm

292349141

21123

8980

292385^

299399

98157

7153

2116589

139

AF-15A 39.0 97.51 O 16 OO 17 8 154



BARRINGER LABORATORIES5735 MCADAM ROAD MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO CANADA L4Z1N9PHONE: (416) 890-8566 FAX: (416) 8904575

19-Dec-90Arpad Farkas 66 Pacific Ave Apt*502Toronto,Ontario M6P 2P4


Job: 901382

Page: Copy: Set :

3l of 2

l

Received: 4-Dec-90 15:25PC- *:

Status; Final

Sample Id

AF-15BAF-16AAF-16BAF-17AF-18AF-19Blank( cleaning sand)

P205I CAP

%

<0.02<0.02O.02O.02O,02O.02O.02

LOIFURN

jj

41.644.942.141.642.244.11.85

SUMOXCALC

%

100.899.1299.4198.78

100.499.46

102.7

AgI CAPppm

O3

0OOOO

EaI CAPppm

1912

111115225

696

CdI CAPppm

O11

6O12O18

CoI CAPppm

OO30

OOOOOOOO00

CrI CAPppm

14291711

6O

314

CuI CAPppm

710151110

98

MnI CAPppm

116263125

5789

60226

Sample Id

Ni Pb Sr V Zn ZrICAP ICAP ICAP ICAP ICAP ICAPppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

AF-1AAF-1BAF-2AF-3AF-4AF-5AAF-5BAF-6AF-7ABlank( fusion)

AF-7BAF-8AAF-8BAF-9AF-10AAF-10B

OO30

00OO

30OOOO

3030

OO

30403030

OO40

OOOO00OOOOOOOOOOOOOO

OOOOOOOOOO60

106208192462116135137

66273a

105126122489454457

0000oo

68

OO

711131210

7

141700

9OO11

6O

2211O

82318

2020101020202020200

2020

320202020



BARRINGER LABORATORIES5735 MCADAM ROAD MISSISSAUQA, ONTARIO CANADA L4Z1N9PHONE: (416) 890-8566 FAX: (416) 8904575

19-Dec-90Arpad Farkas 66 Pacific Ave Apt*502Toronto iOntario M6P 2P4


Job; 901382

Page: Copy: Set :

l of4 2 l

PO f:Received: 4-Dec-90 15:25

Status: Final

Ni Pb Sr V Zn ZrICAP ICAP ICAP ICAP ICAP ICAP

Sample Id____ ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm

20203030303020202030

3040

AF-11AF-12AF-13AF-14AF-15AAF-15BAF-16AAF-16BAF-17AF-18

AF-19Blank( cleaning sand)

3000

3040404040403030

3030

OO40

OOOOOOOO

3030

K 3060

OO230

962515589562123145

78162346501

1375

1112^16111416111113

13134

718^

9^^13O^K5

^7



BARRINGER LABORATORIES5735 MCADAM ROAD MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO CANADA L4Z1N9PHONE: (416) 890-8566 FAX: (416) 8904575

19-Dec-90Arpad Farkas 66 Pacific Ave Apt#502Toronto,Ontario M6P 2P4


Job: 901382

Page: Copy: Set :

l of 2l

Received: 4-Dec-90 15:25PO *:

Abbreviations:

Parameters:

Si02A1203Fe203MgOCaONa20K20Ti02P205LOISUMOXAgBaCdCoCrCuMnNiPbSrVZnZr

Methods:

I CAP FURN CALC

Status: Final

SilicaAluminaFerric OxideMagnesium OxideCalcium OxideSodium MonoxidePotassium MonoxideTitanium dioxidePhosphorus PentoxideLoss on IgnitionSum of all major and minor oxidesSilverBariumCadmiumCobaltChromiumCopperManganeseNickelLeadStrontiumVanadiumZincZirconium

Inductively coupled argon plasmaFurnaceCalculation



BARRINGER LABORATORIES

Arpad Farkas 66 Pacific Ave Apt#502Toronto,Ontario M6P 2P4


Job: 901382

5735 MCADAM ROAD MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO CANADA L4Z1N9PHONE: (416) 890-6566 FAX: (416) 8904575

19-Dec-90

Page: 6Copy: l of 2Set : l

PO l:Received: 4-Dec-90 15:25

Status; Final

Units:

itppm

Quality control:

percentparts per million

Less than quoted detection limit


A.Farkas Jan.1991 Appendix B (3)

l

l

l

lAPPENDIX B.

B Results of Chemical Analysis

l3.

Results of acid insoluble determinations and assays by wet chemical analysis

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JAN 22 '91 14:41 FROM BPRRINGER LPtBS MISS PAGE . 002

5735 MCADAM ROAD MISSISSAUGA, ONTARIO

BARRINGER LABORATORIESArpad F&rkas 66 Pacific Av* Apt#502Toronto,Ontar io M6P 2P4


901390

INSOL

Sample

AF-1AAF-8BAP-11AF-16AAF-19

0.5 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.4

22-Jan-91

Page: 3Copy: 2 of 2Set : 2

Received: 17-0eo-90 13:44PO *:

Status:


** TOTAL . 002


JHN 22 '91 16:03 FROM BARRINGER LABS MISS

BARRINGER LABORATORIES

Arpad Farka* 66 Pacific Ave Apt#502Toronto,Ontario MSP 2P4


Job; 901390

PflQE.002

5735 MCADAM ROAD MISSISSAUQA. ONTARIO

PHONE: (416) 890-6S66 FAX: (418) 890-8575

22-Jan-91

Page: lCopy: 2 of 2Set : l

Received: 17-Dec-90 13:44PO

Status:

Saaole

AF-1AAF-8BAF-11AF-16AAF-19

A1203ASSAYX

0.100.070.100.090.13

Fe203ASSAYX

0.260.070.210.240.11

MgOASSAYX

22.961.913.40

23.130.80

CaOASSAYx

30.3653.2351.0630.5754.00

Na20ASSAYX

0.02^.02^.02<0.020.02

K20ASSAYX

^.02^.020.030.020.02


" A.Farkas Jan.1991 Appendix C

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lAPPENDIX C.

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Report on brightness measurements by IMD Laboratories Ltd.


I.M.D. Laboratories Ltd.Industrial Minerals Processing630 Rivermede RoadUnit 10Concord, OntarioL4K2H7Tel: (416} 738-5080Fax:(416)738-5081

January 23, 1991

Dr. Arpad Farkas Consulting Geologist 66 Pacific Avenue Suite 502 Toronto, Ontario M6P 2P4

Dear Dr. Farkas,

We have completed dry brightness analysis by the Tri-stimulus method on eleven (11) samples of calcite and dolomite .

The samples as submitted were too coarse for direct determination of brightness, whiteness and yellowness. The samples were therefore ground is a ceramic-lined jar mill using fused alumina grinding media. Samples were ground to 85 - 90 percent passing 325 mesh.

A sample of a high quality calcium carbonate Oiler was used as a commercial standard to provide a basis for comparison.

Generally speaking, calcium carbonate for use in fillers applications - paints, plastics and paper - should have a high degree of brightness and whiteness, and a low degree of yellowness. The minimum acceptable dry brightness level is in the order of 94 percent. The results depend to some extent on the method of brightness determination used. Different instruments and optical methods will yield varying brightness values. It is for this reason why we include a high quality, commercially available filler-grade calcium carbonate in our tests. It is important that a potential consumer be able to compare your client's potential product brightness to a standard which he is familiar with.

While brightness is an important factor other considerations are equally essential One of the most important considerations is the level of acid insoluble components in the calcium carbonate filler product. Of particular concern are hard abrasive minerals such as free quartz and diopside, to name some of the more common ones.

The overall chemistry is also of importance. Free iron or magnetite can cause problems in applications such as plastics.

Pure calcium carbonates are the most acceptable filler products. Dolomite and Dolomitic-calcite have not found common acceptance as a filler product in North America, where high quality calcite is available in abundance. Dolomite, with its higher specific gravity and hardness, can be used in some industrial applications such as vinyl floor tile. Generally, in this application, cost and quality will be the deciding factors in determining whether dolomite or dolomitic limestone is acceptable.


)eposit location is of the utmost importance. The transportation component in many cases accounts rfor the largest overall cost ingredient .

There are industrial opportunities for calcite and dolomite in non-filler applications. Again, location of the deposit relative to the market is crucial.

Without detailed knowledge of the mineral composition of the submitted samples it is difficult to suggest or recommend what can be done to improve on their quality. Separation of the accessory minerals by flotation is often effective in producing high brightness products with low levels of acid insolubles and impurities.

Of the eleven (11) samples only three have an acceptable degree of brightness for use as high-quality filler products. These are samples B-8, A-16, and B-16. Of the remaining samples, A-7, A-8, A-10 and 18 show brightness levels above 92 percent. Samples A-1 and B-1 are below 92 percent, while samples 3 and 11 are below 90 percent, the latter two being contaminated by graphite.

TKISTIMULUS METHOD OF DRY BRIGHTNESS DETERMINATION

The only way to absolutely characterize a mineral sample as to brightness and whiteness is by a three- colour system of measurement. The three colours of the spectrum - red, blue and green - are required to identify any shade other than perfect white.

The Tristimulus Brightness Method considers all three colours of the spectrum. These three colours are used in calculations of the dry brightness, whiteness and degree of yellowness of a mineral sample.

The degree of yellowness in a mineral sample is an important factor for consumers in the paint, plastics and paper industries. These consumers require their finished products to meet desired colour and brightness specifications. Mineral filler-products which contain a high degree of yellowness require the addition of expensive pigments, such as TiO2, in order to meet ir'nnn""! colour and brightness specifications.

When the whiteness index and the percentage dry brightness are equal the sample is determined to be neutral, a property which although very desirable is rarely achieved.

There are many accepted methods of determining the dry brightness of an industrial mineral sample. The more common methods include TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry) brightness, Hunter brightness, General Electric brightness, Elrepho brightness and Tristimulus brightness. Each filler consuming industry tends to prefer one method over another. Each method of dry brightness determination presents different results and this causes a lot of confusion to both industrial mineral suppliers and consumers. I.M.D. Laboratories Ltd. believes it is not important which method is used, but rather how the figures compare relative to competitive filler products. I.M.D. runs all its tristimulus dry brightness tests opposite a standard competitive product which has been widely accepted as the industry leader. The standard is selected based on similar particle size and market focus as the product being tested.

I.M.D. Laboratories Ltd.


Results of brightness, whiteness and yellowness determinations are given in the table below:

TRI-STIMULUS DRY BRIGHTNESS RESULTS

PROJECT # AF SeriesDATE January 17, 1991

SAMPLE # DB

Atomite 96.15

A-l 90.55

B-l 90.75

3 88.82i

A-7 92.32

A-8 93.91

B-8 94.47

A-10 93.63

11 89.62

A-16 94.65

B-16 94.11

18 92.42

YI

0.020

0.041

0.056

0.023

0.043

0.039

0.023

0.023

0.015

0.022

0.035

0.061

WI

97.11

90.99

91.65

88.94

93.01

94.71

95.13

94.13

89.72

95.24

95.13

94.29

A B 6

95.7 93.8 94.3

84.0 80.6 82.8

85.7 81.0 84.0

79.8 78.0 79.1

87.9 84.2 86.5

91.1 87.6 89.7

91.9 89.8 90.5

89.9 87.9 88.6

81.2 80.0 80.5

92.0 90.0 90.7

92.2 89.0 90.5

91.3 85.9 88.9

(J* LM.O. Laboratories Ltd.

l for the€¦ · l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l a.farkas jan.1991 griffith/brougham marbles...

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