l-5 news - space.nss.orgspace.nss.org/media/l5-news-1977-09.pdf · best returns form our...

L-5 NEWSA PUBLICATION OF THE L-5 SOCIETYVOL. 2 NUMBER 9 SEPTEMBER, 1977

Carolyn Henson, Editor

Membership Services:Doris CooperEileen Asher

William Weigle,Administrative Services

Board of Directors:Gordon R. WoodcockBarbara Marx HubbardKonrad K. DannenbergHon. Edward R. Finch, Jr.James E. ObergLeonard DavidJ. Peter VajkJack D. SalmonPhillip ParkerDavid M. FradinRomualdas SviedriesKeith HensonCarolyn HensonWilliam WeigleMark HopkinsNorie HuddleMagoroh MaruyamaHarlan SmithCarol Motts

Publication office: The L-5 Society,1060 E. Elm, Tucson, Arizona 85719.Published monthly. Subscription: $3.00per year, included in dues ($20.00 peryear, students $10.00 per year).subscription price to non-membersavailable on request. Second classpostage paid at Tucson, Arizona andadditional offices. Copyright ©1977 bythe L-5 Society. No part of thisperiodical may be reproduced withoutwritten consent of the L-5 Society. Theopinions expressed by the authors donot necessarily reflect the policy of theL-5 Society. Membership Services: L-5Society, 1620 N. Park Avenue, Tucson,Arizona 85719. Telephone: 602/622-6351

Change of address notices, undeliverablecopies, orders for subscriptions, andother mail items are to be sent to:L-5 SocietyMembership Services1620 N. ParkTucson, AZ 85719

In this issue:

2

5

8

9

10

11

13

16

We’re Going George Koopman reports on two milestones: theShuttle free flight, and Governor Brown’s Space Day celebration.

first

Shuttle Milestones A report on progress with the Space Shuttle.

‘77 NASA Summer Study A study team finds that an Apollo scaleeffort can bring solar power satellites, space cities on line by 1990.

More on Space Freeport Mark Frazier reports progress on a project todevelop an international space port.

Space Spider NASA studies a new method to construct solar powersatellites.

Inside the L-5 Society

Bibliography Update

L-5 Marketplace:O’Neill Fund AppealConference: The Industrialization of Space“Life Beyond Earth” CourseSpace Events RecordingsFuture Presentations

Cover: A 10 million ton asteroid passing close to the Earth/Moon system. Afew hundred of these flying mountains (future mines for space industries)are believed to exist.

The Shuttle is for scale only. A deep space vehicle would be required tomatch trajectories and return. (Cover artist is Bill Hartmann of thePlanetary Sciences Institute, Tucson, Arizona).

L-5 News, September, 1977

WE’RE GOINGby George Koopman

On California’s Space Day, her limitsto growthish, “small is beautiful”Governor Brown turned and steppedsquarely into the future.

Late Thursday evening, a few hoursb e f o r e t h e E n t e r p r i s e c a m e f l o a t i n gsuccessfully down out of the desert sky, afriend and I stood in a quiet moment in hisliving room, grinning like two schoolkids,and shook hands. The species had done it:We were going to Space!

B R O W N : “ T H E E V E R -LASTING FRONTIER”

Our celebrat ion was not premature .Earlier that day we’d sat in a large crowdedhall at the Los Angeles Museum of Scienceand Industry and witnessed an event asimportant to the future of space as themilestone flight of the Shuttle itself. JerryBrown, California’s limits to growthish,“small is beautiful” Governor, turned andstepped squarely into the future . Heopened Space Day, as the event wasdubbed, by noting the continued need torespect certain limits here on Earth. But inspace and the universe the governor saw nolimits, and sensed “not only immediatebenefits in a practical economic sense, butin a far more profound way for the peopleof this Earth.” Taking an extraterrestrialviewpoint, he saw “the oneness of thehuman race,” and observed that we werepsychologically limited by the notion ofc lo s ing f ron t i e r s , “ j e o p a r d i z i n g t h edemocratic fabric itself.” The frontier, heemphasized, is certainly not closed: “It’sjust opening up in space.”

“It’s only a question of when and whoand what kind of leadership will be takingus there. And I, for one, don’t think weought to just be looking down here below.If we look back in history, the humanp r o b l e m s i n S p a i n , w h e n I s a b e l l alaunched Columbus on his discovery, weregreater than they are today. And after allthose years, I’m not sure they’ve improvedall that much. But you have to keep going.You have to keep pushing, because that isthe human impulse. Instead of fighting itor ignoring it, we ought to develop it andrespect it and encourage it and celebrate it.

And that’s why we’re here. Because thepotential of this State and this Country andthis species has just begun to be tapped. It’sjust a matter of courage, it’s a matter ofinvestment, it’s a matter of work, it’s amatter of collective effort and commonpurpose.

“That’s been the destiny of California,of America, and i t ’s going to be thedestiny of this world as those of us in thisroom and those of us on this planet worktogether to push back the new frontierwhich is the everlasting frontier: Space.The Universe itself!”

There was loud applause: Jerry Brownhad just swung his considerable weight,and to no small extent his political future,behind the new space movement . Heintroduced his Cabinet; they’d come downfrom Sacramento for Space Day, too. Hegently reminded those assembled thatCalifornia’s burgeoning budget surpluswas just shy of NASA’s total budget,fueling rumors that California was readyto deal directly with NASA and loft its ownsatellite solar power station. And he madea special point of introducing his SpecialA s s i s t a n t ; e c o l o g i s t , f o r m e r M e r r yPrankster and Whole Earth cataloguerStewart Brand, the man who turned JerryBrown on to Space. Brand, the Governorsaid, had shown him that “Ecology andt e c h n o l o g y f i n d a u n i t y i n s p a c eexploration.” More applause.

S p a c e D a y w a s o n . L u m i n a r i e sabounded. Chaired by Astronaut RustyS c h w e i c k a r t , n o w A m b a s s a d o rplenipotentiary from NASA to California,t h e p r o g r a m w a s a n impres s ivesmorgasboard of space and its future. Therecipe:

Take several hundred lean and hungryaerospace i n d u s t r y l e a d e r s a n d m i xliberally with large contingents of NASAspaceocrats, government bureaucrats andmedia folk in an environment produced bythe combined clout of the Governor’so f f i ce and Rockwe l l ’ s bes t . Fo ld inprominent futurists, environmentalistsand a generous pinch of the military. Add adash of Trekkies and assorted serious spacef r e a k s . B l e n d h a r m o n i o u s l y i n a nappropriate California setting on the eve

of the first free flight of the Enterprise,seasoning well with the ideas of GerryO’Neill, the results of the third NASASummer Study and a large measure of goodold-fashioned American excitement. Servewith evolutionary awareness.

FROSCH: IT’S EYES UP-WARD

The next speaker was NASA’s newAdministrator, Dr. Robert Frosch, whoreflected upon the was, is and can be ofspace in a talk entitled “Space: Which Wayi s U p ? ” E x p l o r a t i o n i s t h e “ h u m a ncultural imperative,” he proclaimed, andgo ing t o space “the cont inuat ion ofsomething we’ve always done.” He notedt h a t t h e S t o n e A g e b u i l d e r s o f t h eobservatory and computer at Stonehengeprobably had to face the same questioningof resource use and priorities as the spaceexplorers of today. And a few quick sidecalculations showed that the level of effortrequired to build Stonehenge would beroughly equivalent, in modern terms, to aplanetary mission, say the Jupiter OrbiterProbe.

After a reasoned review of the near termprospects and benefits of the Shuttle, hec o m m e n t e d o n t h e o r i g i n s o f t h eubiquitous technologies of our modemsociety. Looking back from Einstein toNewton, Kepler and Galileo he deduced“It all started with Astronomy.”

Frosch pointed out that, for him, themain significance of the Shuttle was notmerely to do the known better, but to findthe new possibilities. He rang in clearly onthe side of the pioneers: “The question of‘how can we afford to do it?’ is backwards.Given history, and given the answers thatt h e S t o n e h e n g e p e o p l e g a v e t o t h equestions they must have asked, is it reallypossible for the richest country in theworld to say that right here and now wedecide that the entire thrust of intellectualhistory that looked outward from Earthwas wrong?”

He concluded that we can not s top“because of what this kind of thing hasalways meant to the human race. We arenow in a period of consol idat ing andunderstanding what we have learned from

2

the first era, the First Age of Space, andpreparing to see what it is we will do, andwhere it is we want to go, and how we wantto go there, in the succeeding Ages ofSpace.”

NASA’s Administrator also f ieldedquestions from a panel chaired by StewartBrand, and sounded at times more like theDirector of Marketing pitching the clientsthan a t heo re t i ca l phys i c i s t t u rnedmanager. The image emerging from hisremarks was clearly one of NASA intransition from a “because it’s there”explorer to a robust serviceperson of thefuture.

S A G A N : C O S T O F AVIETNAM WAR?

Next up was Space’s answer to JohnnyCarson, explorer of the planets Dr. CarlSagan. He echoed what was to be a centraltheme of the day; the l ine of humanendeavor and exploration leading to space,a n d t h e p a r a l l e l s w i t h t h e E u r o p e a nvoyages of discovery to the New World.“The fraction of the national budgets ofHolland, Spain, England or France thatwere devoted to sailing ship journeys ofexploration a n d d i s c o v e r y i n thosecenturies was something like ten times thefraction that the NASA budget representsof the Federal budget in this country.”

He went on to review the many deeppractical reasons and justifications forplanetary exploration, drawing examplesfrom the cross-impact on a wide range ofsciences, from climatology and geology tobiology. Sagan also showed slides of thebest re turns form our extraterrest ia lcameras, rhapsodizing about remarkablefeatures on that planet and this, plugginghis vision of how we will better know “theorigin, nature and destiny of worlds.”

Dr. Sagan did not, however, confinehimself to planetary robotics. Withoutn a m i n g n a m e s , h e t o o k w h a t s o m eregarded as a cheap shot at the vision ofspace colonization, equating its cost to“one Vietnam War; between one and twohundred billion dollars.” And he went onto say that “The ini t ia l cost of spacecolonizat ion is so large that i t ’s notobvious that it’s the direction we shouldgo.”

He did not go unanswered.

O’NEILL: TIME TO STOPLETTING ARTOO DETOOHAVE ALL THE FUN

Dr. Gerard K. O’Neill came to the mikeand wasted no time putting his colleaguegently but firmly back on track: “First ofall, for Carl’s benefit, he hasn’t beenreading the literature recently. The lastestimates on the costs of the kinds of thingsI’m talking about are a lot lower than he

mentioned.” And for those who wouldsave money and send robots, he noted thatDarwin and Magellan and Armstrong,M i t c h e l l a n d S c h w e i k a r t h a d g o n ethemselves:

“We’re now in a tremendously usefula n d p r o d u c t i v e p e r i o d o f s p a c eexploration, which we must honest lydescribe as t imid. Not because of thet imidity of people within NASA, butbecause of the timidity of the people who

s h o w m a n - l i k e f l a i r . A n e w a n dstimulating movie, “Space Borne” wasalso shown at the beginning and end ofSpace Day.

BROWN: “IT’S ALL THEREJUST WAITING FOR YOU”

In his closing remarks Governor Brownemphasized the importance of the day. Aremarkable collection of interests had beenbrought together, covering “the range of

give them money. These days we send

direct human involvement again.”

r o b o t s i n t o s p a c e i n s t e a d o f g o i n gourselves. And much as we all love ArtooDetoo, I think it’s about time we stoppedletting him have all the fun. A byproductof a vigorous thrust into space should be a

Gerry went on to prove that a picture isworth a thousand words by illustrating histalk with the many beautiful renderings oflife on Island Threes and Bernal Spheresfamiliar to readers of the L-5 News. Pointmade.

Space Day also featured Dr. RobertCooper , D i r e c t o r o f t h e G o d d a r dSpaceflight Center, speaking on appliedspace research; Dr. Chris Kraf t , J r . ,Director of the Johnson Space Center onsatellite solar power; and Dr. Burt Edelson,Director of the Comsat Labs, on the futureof satel l i te communicat ions. RobertAnderson, President of the Shut t le’sbuilder, Rockwell International, secondedt h e G o v e r n o r ’ s t h e m e i n a t a l k o nCalifornia and Space; and Dr. BruceMurray scanned the hor izons of newtechniques and technologies f rom hisv a n t a g e p o i n t a s D i r e c t o r o f t h e J e tPropulsion Laboratories.

S p i k e o n

human potential” and representing the

the f i rs t t ranscont inentalrailroad, predicting that we in the room

exciting possibilities of the shuttle for

would indeed see our dreams realized,“looking to the future with confidence,

everyone on the planet. He reviewed the

with expectation and collective purpose, torealize the common purpose of this whole

practical present applications of space

species.” He concluded: ‘It’s all there just

technology, and equated the flight of the

waiting for you and the rest of the peoplewho stand behind you throughout this

Enterprise to the driving of the Golden

The universality of the appeal of spacewas brought home by the appearance onthe platform of one of the planet’s grandmen of explorat ion, Captain JacquesCousteau, who lent his enormous prestigeand presence to the occasion. His remarkswere to the point: We can save the oceansby providing invaluable information ontheir condition from remote sensors inspace.

And lest we forget that this whole partywas a joyful send-off for the Enterprise,astronaut Deke Slayton, NASA’s Managerof the Approach and Landing Test, briefedus all on the events to take place thefollowing day at Edwards Air Force Base.

The space celebration also included anelegantly c a t e r e d l u n c h e o n f o r t h ethousand-plus guests served on trays, bythe fountain of the Museum’s spaciousRose Garden. Rockwell and several otheraerospace concerns had large conventionstyle booths, and solar heated coffee wasavailable on the lawn. The famous M.I.T.mass driver model was on hand, and GerryO’Neill’s students demonstrated it with

About the author: George A. Koopman isP r e s i d e n t o f I N S G R O U P , I n c .( I N s t r u c t i o n a l S y s t e m s G R O U P ) o fHuntington Beach, California, designers,developers and producers of audio-visualprograms and products.

He is partner and Director of FuturePresentations, a Los Angeles-based lecturebureau representing speakers on future-o r i e n t e d t o p i c s s u c h a s s p a c eindustrializatiigration, extra-terrestrialintelligence and life extension.

Mr. Koopman is also the ExecutiveP r o d u c e r o f “ T h e J o y f u l W i s d o mProgram,” a nationally syndicated weeklyradio program with a futuristic outlook.His comments on space industrializationwerecarried in the recent “Shuttle” issue ofBusiness Week.

3 L-5 News, September, 1977

world waiting to get into space, go into theoceans, to understand ourselves, and toc r e a t e t h e q u a l i t y o f l i f e t h a t o u revolutionary potential justifies. Thankyou.”

The feeling with which we left wassimple and profound. For the women andmen who had been running around theplanet-face, regarded by many of ourfellow humans as a little strange, talkingabout living and working in space, it wasclear: We have achieved critical mass. It isr e a l l y g o i n g t o h a p p e n . T h e m a n yelements necessary have been broughttogether, not the least of which is thepersonal political and economic weight ofthe state and its Governor.

T h e n i g h t r i d e t o E d w a r d s w a sbeautiful. An hour before dawn we wereherded across a vast dusty mountainsidewith thousands of other cars, and parkedall in a row to gaze down at the Shuttle andi t s m o t h e r 7 4 7 b a t h e d i n l i g h t s a n dsurrounded by rustproof red scaffolding onthe ramp far below. The overture wasexceptional: In the East rose Jupiter, thenVenus and the old sliver of the Moon. Thehigh desert clouds reflected the sunlightbefore our home star made its appearancein a sunr ise that was more than anydirector could have desired.

The scene of the mountainside wasAmerican! Campers, dogs, kids, hawkerss e l l i n g c o m e m o r a t i v e T - s h i r t s .Telescopes and monoculars and shortwaveradios and cameras were set up and triedout. The old and the young were there, nota few of the latter aware that they could, inreality now, dream the dreams of futureS t a r F l ee t commande r s . H ipp i e s andaerospace engineers looking around towonder if they were in the right place; orwas this an Eve1 Knevel spectacular? Thecars kept coming, and the radio informedus that traffic was backed up two mileswaiting to get onto the base.

The scaffolding was pulled back now,and the most unlikely looking couple inaeronautical history moved slowly andgrandly across in front of us, out towardsthe dry lake bed. Across the vast desertscurried cars and emergency vehicles,small dots positioning themselves out onthe runways. Overhead flashed pairs of T-38’s, the chase planes, white and light andorbiting the grand scene. Lower came theNASA and Air Force choppers; countingthe crowd no doubt, worryingabout trafficand filming it all.

The local radio s tat ion, which wassupposed to be carrying the live commandc h a n n e l c o n v e r s a t i o n s b e t w e e n t h eShuttle, 747, chase planes and the groundwas earning the universal enmity of mosteveryone tuned in by running snatches ofthe conversations between great hunks ofmediocre country western music and ads

for the local car dealers.And far off, at the near end of on of the

best and longest runways on the planet,they started to roll. Slowly and surely theyl i f ted off . The command channel wasfinally coming in live, and the matter-of-fact tones of pilots and astronauts andMission Control only sharpened the senseson the hillside, where a hundred thousandpairs of eyes watched as the Enterprise andher retinue climbed into the distance,slowly disappearing to a point. The waitwas agonizing, till having traced a giantcircle the ensemble reappeared, comingoverhead at 20,000 feet. The jumbo jet wasclearly visible, and the chase planes weretiny white dots; three on one side, one onthe other. The command link was stillexcept for the occasional professionalcomments reading off altitude, heading,requests for a chase plane to move in for alook at this or that, and the cool voice ofMission Control. Still reaching for altitudethe planes bore on across the base and off toonce again disappear from view.

I t w a s g e t t i n g h o t o n t h e g r o u n d ;probably close to a hundred. Separationwas coming up, and we couldn’t see it. Wedidn’t see it. The Enterprise was flyingfree, and the hi l ls ide was a mass ofsearching eyes and pointing hand. Wherewas she? Arms pointing to the Zenith. Twowhite dots . No. That was Jupi ter andVenus, still visible. More than a minutesince separation. Where was she? Planesoverhead, way up. No, that was the 747,still with one chase plane.

“LIKE SOME FANTASTICFLYING SHARK”

And then all the arms and eyes pointedtogether and out of the East, like somefantastic flying shark complete with threewhite pi lot f ish came the Enterprise;f l oa t i ng , f l y ing , g l i d ing down homesmoothly in a curve that brought hercleanly and precisely over the end of the dryl a k e , a n d a j o y f u l c h e e r f r o m t h emountainside, and quick silence again asher altitude became double digits andsingle digits and she was down in an

enormous cloud of dust that went on andon and she stopped rolling. Cheers andcheers again and not a few tears.

And so it was that in the summer of hertwo hundred and first year, America, withv i s i o n b o t h r e v o l u t i o n a r y a n devolut ionary, gave bir th to the ThirdIndustrial Age, a n d s h e w a s c a l l e dEnterprise, and it was good. Thetechnological portion of this achievementwas of course extraordinary, in the spirit ofthe best that this country can produce,unrivaled on the planet. But the visionevidenced in the human commitment to goto space as a species is an achievementtranscending the technological, a spiritualu n d e r t a k i n g a s p r o f o u n d a s a n y i nrecorded history. It means, quite literally,that we have consciously participated inthe evolution of the race.

The New Worlds to be found on thisvoyage of discovery will, of course, includethe not so unknown worlds of solar power,global communicat ion, and general lybetter life on the home planet. But the realunknown is no longer unknown spacesand undiscovered natural resources, as itwas for the European pioneers. Rather, it isthat in returning to the universe fromwhence we were born, we will evolve intothe next species, ourselves in the future andlook back to see this important milestonenot only in the technological but also inthe humanistic frame of reference. •

Shuttle MilestonesThe first completed liquid oxygen tank

for the Space Shuttle’s external tank movestoward the vertical test area at the Marshallcenter’s Michoud facility in New Orleans,where it recently underwent proof pressuretesting. The black strips along the sides arem a d e o f a s p e c i a l m o i s t u r e s e n s i n gmaterial that detects minute leaks at theweld joints. All tanks-manufactured bythe Martin Marietta Corp.-will undergosimilar proof testing before flight. Thist ank w i l l be u sed i n MSFC’s ma inpropulsion test program at the NationalSpace Technology Laboratories (Miss.)starting in December 1977.

ORBITER TESTSTAXI TESTS: February 15. 1977

Three taxi tests assessed the mated capabilityof the Shuttle Orbiter piggyback atop the 747 inground handling and control characteristics upto the flight takeoff speed. The tests alsovalidated the 747 steering and braking.

Weight of the 747 at the start of ‘the taxi testswas approximately 400,000 lbs. and the Orbiterweight was approximately 144,000 lbs. The noseof the mated Orbiter is at a +6 degree altitudeatop the 747.

The taxi tests were performed incrementallyat various speeds. Taxi Test #l speed was 89mph and the 747 brakes were applied at 27 mph;Taxi Test #2 speed was 140 mph with the 747brakes applied at 23 mph: and Taxi Test #3speed was 157 mph with 747 brakes appliedbetween 57 and 46 mph.

Successful completion of the taxi testspermitted the “go” for the first inert Orbitercaptive flight.

5

The first Space Shuttle main engine hasbeen tested successfully at rated thrustconditions for 60 seconds with a total testduration of slightly more than 80 seconds.A major Shuttle project milestone, thefiring was conducted by Rocketdyne Co.personnel under direction of the Marshallc e n t e r a t N A S A ’ s N a t i o n a l S p a c eTechnology Laboratories. It was achievedon Engine 0003 in A-l sea-level testposition. This is the first rocket engine

FLIGHT #1: February 18, 1977

Duration: 2 Hr. 5 Mins.Maximum Speed: 287 MPHMaximum Altitude: 16,000 Ft.

This flight obtained information on low-speed performance and handling qualities of themated “crafts” and was accomplished almostexactly as planned. The 747 combined with theOrbiter handled much closer to the standard 747than was anticipated. The 747 crew stated “theycouldn’t even tell the Orbiter was aboard.” The747 mated with the Orbiter totals a much lowergross weight than a fully-loadedcommercial 747traveling from Los Angeles to London.

FLIGHT #2: February 22. 1977


Flight #2 accomplished a series of flutter andstability control tests. During this flight, the tworight engines of the 747 were reduced to idlethrust. The flight was termed “super.”

designed for repeated use and the firste n g i n e c o n t r o l l e d b y c o m p u t e r s .Operating at high combustion pressures, itis more powerful for its size than any rocketengine previously developed. Designed toprovide 7½ hours of flight operation and 55re-uses before overhaul, it will bum fora p p r o x i m a t e l y 8 ½ m i n u t e s d u r i n g anominal Shutt le mission. I t produces470,000 pounds of thrust at rated vacuumconditions.

FLIGHT #3: February 25, 1977


This flight concluded the flutter tests andconcentrated on stability/control/flightevaluation and airspeed calibration. Stabilityand control were evaluated by idling the #4engine of the 747 to simulate an engine failure.

At the completion of this flight, it was statedthat if flights #4 and #5 follow the samesuccessful pattern, flight #6 would not benecessary.

FLIGHT #4: February 28. 1977


This flight simulated emergency descent ofthe mated vehicles and a missed landingapproach, as well as maneuvers required of the747 when the mated vehiclesenter the separationflight phase.


The emergency descent was accomplished byreducing the four 747 engines to idle thrust. Themissed approach was performed by flying themated vehicles over the runway within severalfeet of the ground, then returning the 747’s fourengines to power and flown around for the finalapproach and landing.

Full braking of the 747 was used for the firsttime upon landing in a simulated “short”runway situation. 747 braked to stop in less than6,000 ft.

FLIGHT #5: March 2. 1977


This flight performed two simulations of theflight profiles which will be used when theOrbiter is separated from the 747 in the third andfinal test phase. The two simulation releaseflights were performed successfully. Because analtitude of 30,000 ft. was reached it was possibleto simulate the separation at about 25,000 ft.

In addition, the short runway landing wasagain achieved. This simulated NASA MarshallSpace Flight Center’s 7,500 ft . runway atHuntsv i l l e , Alabama. The mated veh ic leconfiguration will be utilized to ferry theOrbiter to the Marshall Space Flight Center nextyear where the Orbiter will undergo a verticalground biration test program with the ExternalTank and Solid Rocket Boosters.

As a result of the success with the five flights,it was determined that the sixth flight was notrequired.

PHASE II APPROACH AND LANDING TESTS (Piloted Flights)

FLIGHT #l: June 18, 1977

SCA/Orbiter Brake Release: 8:06 A.M. (PDT)SCA/Orbiter Landing: 9:01:46 A.M. (PDT)SCA/Orbiter Weight: 263,088 Kilograms

(580,900 lbs.)Flight Duration: 55 Mins. 46 Secs.Maximum Speed: 181 KEAS (208 MPH)Maximum Altitude: 4562 Meters (14,970 Ft.)

Spacecraft Commander Fred Haise and PilotGordon Fullerton were at the controls of theSpace Shuttle Orbiter during this first mannedcaptive flight. This flight was a once around aracetrack-like flight path which measuredapproximately 125 kilometers (78 statute miles)on the “straight-a-ways” with 16 kilometer (10statute mile) curves.

The Orbiter’s onboard electrical power (fuelcells), auxiliary power units, hydraulic andcoolant systems were activated prior to takeoff.

During the initial climb-out, low-speed flightcontrol system tests were performed. When themated craft reached approximately 4,562 meters(14,970 ft.), the SCA flaps were positioned to 10d e g r e e s a n d s p e e d w a s m a i n t a i n e d a tapproximately 181 KEAS (knots equivalentairspeed -- statute mph).

After the first turn of the racetrack-liketrajectory, a flutter test was performed by theactuation of the orbiter’s flight control surfaces,then the SCA flight control surfaces; theOrbiter’s speedbrake was opened to 60, 80, and100 per cent; a test of the Orbiter’s gyros was

performed, and the Orbiter’s flight controlsystem and surface deflection were checked.

This first manned captive flight was originallyscheduled 24 hours earlier; however, during pre-flight checkout, three of the onboard computers“voted out” a fourth. This “rejected” computerwas replaced. There are four onboard computersw h i c h o p e r a t e r e d u n d a n t l y t o p r o v i d ecommands to the various orbiter systems.According to mission rules, the Orbiter may beflown with three computers operating, butprogram officials decided to postpone the flightone day. There is a fifth computer onboardwhich operates a back-up flight control systemindependent of the other four for additionalredundancy.

FLIGHT #2: June 28. 1977

SCA/Orbiter Brake Release: 7:49:50 A.M. (PDT)SCA/Orbiter Landing: 8:52 A.M. (PDT)SCA/Orbiter Weight: 253,018 Kilograms

(557.800 lbs.)Flight Duration: 1 Hr. 2 Mins.Maximum Speed: 270 KEAS (310 MPH)Maximum Altitude: 6714 Meters (22.030 ft.)

Spacecraft Commander Joe Engle and PilotDick Truly were at the controls of the SpaceShuttle Orbiter during this second mannedcapt ive f l ight . This f l ight cons is ted of amodified racetrack-like trajectory as well as a“Grand Prix” roadrace-like trajectory.

The Orbiter’s onboard electrical power (fuelcells), auxiliary power units, hydraulic and

A totally successful first flight of the mated Boeing 747 carrier jet and orbiter, Enterprise, took place at the Dryden Flight Research Center on Feb. 18.6

coolant systems were activated prior to takeoff.During the initial climb-out, low-speed flight

control system tests were performed. This low-speed f lu t te r tes t was per formed wi th theOrbiter’s flight control surfaces activated first,then the 747 SCA’s control surfaces wereoperated with the mated craft at a speed ofapproximately 225 KEAS (259 mph). Followingthe low-speed f lu t te r tes t , the Orbi te r ’sspeedbrake was opened to a 60, 80, and 100 percent deployment.

The SCA crew then applied Special RatedThrust (SRT) to the 747 engines for the climb, apushover, and acceleration of the mated craft toapproximately 270 KEAS (310 mph). TheOrbiter and SCA crews again applied inputs totheir respective craft control surfaces for a high-speed f lu t te r tes t fo l lowed again by thedeployment of the Orbiter’s speedbrake at a 60,80, and 100 per cent deployment. The low andhigh speed flutter tests assessed the accuracy ofp r e d i c t e d c o n t r o l s u r f a c e r e s p o n s e s a n dstructural characteristics with r e s p e c t t oaerodynamic vibration.

The mated craft then climbed again to analtitude of approximately 6,187 meters (20,300ft.) for a separation maneuver test. The 747 crewaccomplished a pushover and acceleration of themated craft to approximately 270 KEAS (310mph), with a descent rate of approximately 914meters (3.000 ft.) per minute. The Orbiter’selevons and ailerons were positioned to providet h e o p t i m u m O r b i t e r c o n t r o l s u r f a c epositioning for the actual release maneuver inPhase III ALT.

Following the separation trajectory test, them a t e d O r b i t e r / S C A c l i m b e d a g a i n t oapprox imate ly 5 ,882 mete r s (19 .300 f t . ) ,accomplished a pushover and established a 747glide slope of approximately six degrees for anOrbiter AUTOLAND made fly-through. At thistime the Orbiter crew monitored the Orbiter’sHorizontal Situation Indicators which operatedin conjunction with the MSBLS (MicrowaveScan Beam Landing System). The combinedcraft then established a normal approach forlanding.

T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e f l u t t e r , s e p a r a t i o nmaneuver and AUTOLAND tests were wellwithin the tolerances expected by programofficials.

FLIGHT #3: July 26. 1977

SCA/Orbiter Weight: 565,000 lbs.Duration: 59 Mins. 53 Sec.Maximum Speed: 312 mphMaximum Altitude: 27,992 ft. (AGL)

Spacecraft Commander Hise end PilotFullerton were at the controls of Enterpriseduring this third and final captive flight, a fulldress rehearsal of the planned August 12 freeflight. The SCA/Orbiter reached a maximumaltitude of 27,992 ft. (AGL) at which time pitchover was performed. The carrier aircraft landinggear was deployed to simulate the free flightapproach and landing prof i le . A prac t icesepara t ion run was normal and “abortseparation” was performed one minute afterpushover. Enterprise landing gear was deployedfor the first time after the SCA landed on runway22. The final approach profile was identical tothat planned for the first free flight.

Shuttle Free Flight

Technical Details

S h u t t l e O r b i t e r E n t e r p r i s e , w i t hastronauts Fred W. Haise and C. CordonFullerton at the controls, was released fromatop a 747 carrier aircraft for the first freeflight approach and landing test (ALT) atNASA’s Dryden Flight Research Center,Edwards, California, August 12, 1977.

Haise and Fullerton flew the 75-tonOrbiter to an unpowered landing on a drylake runway after explosive bolts releasedthe Orbiter from its 747 carrier aircraft atan altitude of about 6,738 meters (22.100feet) above ground level. The free flight ofthe Orbiter took about five minutes.

This initial solo flight followed a seriesof unpiloted and piloted captive test flightsconducted at Dryden which began in mid-February. The Orbiter was carried aloft fora series of five “inert” flights (Orbitersystems inoperative) before astronautsHaise and Fullerton and fellow ALT crewmembers Joe Engle and Richard Trulyflew subsequent captive flights

T h e c a p t i v e f l i g h t s v e r i f i e d t h eaerodynamic and handling capabilities ofthe 747/0rbiter combination as well asOrbiter systems and crew procedures.

Astronauts Engle and Truly will pilotE n t e r p r i s e d u r i n g t h e s e c o n d f l i g h t ,tentatively scheduled for about three tofour weeks later.

A series of free f l ights is currentlyscheduled with the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft(SCA-747) serving as the airborne platformfrom which the Orbiter will be launched.These flights, with NASA astronauts at thecontrols of the unpowered Orbiter, aredesigned to verify the Orbiter’s subsonica i r - w o r t h i n e s s , i n t e g r a t e d s y s t e m so p e r a t i o n s a n d p i l o t - g u i d e d a n da u t o m a t i c a p p r o a c h a n d l a n d i n gcapabilities.

The Orbiter, workhorse of the SpaceShuttle program, is designed to be used aminimum of 100 times. It is as big as acommercial je t l iner (DC-9); i ts emptyweight is 68,000 kg. (150,000 lb.); it is 37.2m (122 ft.) in length and it has a wingspanof 23.8 m (78 ft.). The Orbiter is to belaunched into low Earth orbit in 1979 withits three main engines augmented by a pairof solid rocket boosters.

The Space Shuttle is composed of theOrbiter, the two solid rocket boosters andan external fuel tank which feeds theOrbiter’s three engines.

The Orbiter is attached to the back of thefue l t ank and t he so l i d boos t e r s a r eattached to each side of the external tank.The solid boosters wil l be recovered,refurbished and reused. The external tankwill be jettisoned but not recovered.

Enterprise, the first Orbiter (101) to beused in the Dryden flight test program, isthe first development article of the Shuttleprogram to come off the assembly line.Under construction since June 19, 1974,E n t e r p r i s e ’ s m a i n p a r t s c o m e f r o mn u m e r o u s a e r o s p a c e c o n t r a c t o r sthroughout the country. The crew moduleand aft fuselage were fabricated by theprime contractor, Rockwell Internation-al’s Space Division, Downey, California;the mid-fuselage (cargo bay) by GeneralDynamics, San Diego, California; wingsb y G r u m m a n A e r o s p a c e C o r p . o fBethpage, N.Y.; and its tail assembly byFairchild Republic Co. , Farmingdale,N.Y.

The Orbiter’s three main engines, eachof which provide 2.1 mil l ion newtons(470,000 lb.) of thrust at launch, are beingb u i l t b y t h e R o c k e t d y n e D i v i s i o n ,Rockwell Internat ional , Canoga Park,California.

Enterprise was transferred from theRockwell International assembly plant atPa lmda le , Ca l i fo rn i a , t o t he DrydenCenter January 31, 1977. At completion ofALT, this first Orbiter will be ferried atopthe SCA to NASA’s Marshall Space FlightCenter, Huntsville, Ala., where it willundergo extensive ground vibration tests.Subsequent to these tests it will return tothe Rockwell facility at Palmdale and beprepared for orbital flight sometime in theearly 1980’s.

The second Orbiter (102), currentlyunder construction, will be the first vehicleto be used in the Shuttle Orbital FlightTest (OFT) program which is scheduled tobegin in 1979. Six OFT flightsare plannedto demonstrate the Orbiter’scapabilities inEarth orbit before the Shuttle becomesoperational in 1980.


'77 NASA SUMMER STUDY:No Show Stoppers!Study Team Finds Apollo Scale Effort Can Bring Solar PowerSatellites, Space Cities on Line by 1990by Carolyn Henson

Will the 1977 Summer Study on SpaceManufacturing Facilities (SMF) be the lastof its kind? This year’s team, like thosewho had worked on the concept in thesummers of 1975 and 1976, concluded thatthere were no insurmountable technicalbarr iers and that the economics werepromising. But, at a briefing given August2, study leader Gerard K. O’Neill advisedthe reporters, industry representatives,NASA officials and spectators packing theAmes Research Center auditorium that“We need to go to a continuous effort.” Herevealed that all 5 of the subgroups in thisyear’s study hoped to continue workingonthe SMF concept, adding that “bandaidfunding won’t be enough for long.”

According to O’Neill, NASA is trying toscrape up additional SMF funds from itsalready lean budget. But NASA watchersagree that the hard-pressed agency willhave to go to Congress next January (ifO f f i c e o f M a n a g e m e n t a n d B u d g e tDirector Bert Lance will permit them) toask for a line item in the fiscal year ‘79budget for the SMF approach to solarpower satellites (SPS) in order to be able tomount the full-time research effort O’Neillproposes.

O’Neill told the crowded auditoriumthat “by 1980 we could begin a Shuttleflight test program for SMF.” He predictedthe first liftoff for construction of theSMF -- given a go-ahead by Carter in ‘78 --would occur in 1985, and that energywould be delivered from space by 1991.“The first solar power satellite,” explainedO’Ne i l l , “ w o u l d p r o v i d e e n o u g helectricity to power all of Los Angeles.”

John Shettler, on loan to the study teamfrom General Motors, described the study’sproposed scenario in detail. The pricetag?‘Comparab l e t o Apo l lo - - abou t $66billion.” T h e s c h e d u l e ? P r o p o s i n g ah y p o t h e t i c a l “ S p a c e G a t e w a yCorporation.” Shett ler outl ined theirproduction schedule. By March. 1987, thelunar mining base, source of the SMF’s rawmaterials, w o u l d b e e s t a b l i s h e d . B yNovember, 1989, the SMF, located in acircular orbit 50,000 km from the Earth’ssurface (partisans of the 2:l resonant and

Exterior of a space-habitat for some 10,000 people. The inhabitants, members of the workforce of

a space manufacturing complex. would return after work to homes on the inner surface of a large

sphere, nearly a mile in circumference, rotating to provide them with gravity comparable to that of

the Earth. Their habitat would be fully shielded against cosmic rays and solar f lares by a non-

rotating spherical shell , accumulated from the slag of industrial processes carried out on lunar

surface material. Outside the shieldcd area agricultural crops, far less sensitive to radiation than arc

h u m a n s , w o u l d b e g r o w n i n t h e i n t e n s e s u n l i g h t o f s p a c e .

8

L-5 orbits, take note!), would boast 3,000workers. The first SPS would roll off theproduction line in December of 1990; thesecond, in December, 1991, and the third inApril 1992. By the year 2004 Space GatewayCorp., with 50,000 SPS space constructionworkers, would be supplying the electricalneeds of the entire world.

After his talk, people crowded aroundShettler, asking him where they could buystock in Space Gateway. Shettler gentlyexplained to the disappointed investorst h a t S p a c e G a t e w a y w a s m e r e l y arhetorical device; and, as O’Neill pointedo u t l a t e r i n t h e b r i e f i n g , “ T h e y(corporations) only go ahead when thetechnical risk has been cut down to l%.”

So, it looks as if at present the majorthrust of the SMF project will remain inthe hands of the U.S. government andr e s e a r c h e r ’ s h o p e s a r e f i x e d o n t h eposs ib i l i t y Congres s and Car t e r w i l lchoose to fund them.

O’Neill Summer Study Notesby Gerard O’Neill

The 1977 NASA-Ames Summer Studywas the largest yet conducted on the subjectof space manufacturing a n d s p a c esettlements. More than fifty people tookpart, from universities, government, andprivate industry. The s tudy addressedseveral short-term technical issues vital forthe achievement of a low-cost, high returnprogram of manufacturing in space fromnon-terrestrial materials. The goal in thosestudies was the production of satellite solarpower stations to send clean energy to theearth within the next two decades.

Details of solar satellite design were notaddressed, because these have been coveredby other NASA studies . Instead, thesummer study looked at ways to use theSpace Shuttle system, beginning in the1980’s to se t up a smal l mining andtransport base on the surface of the moon,shipping materials out to a precise point infree space. From there many thousands oft o n s o f l u n a r m a t e r i a l s c o u l d b etransported to a high orbit above the earthto be processed with solar energy intometals, glass, silicon and oxygen. Thesepure e lements would then be used toconstruct satellite solar power stations,each weighing as much as an ocean liner.

Several of the study groups worked onproblems of great importance, but not onthe “critical path” for the first years ofspace manufacturing. One group workedout a plan for the necessary research toinsure that crops can be grown and farmanimals raised in space, using the results ofthe la tes t work done on greenhouse-agriculture on the earth.

A n o t h e r g r o u p l o o k e d a t t h e m o s tefficient designs for space habitats and

calculated the costs of providing earth-normal gravity for the workers in space byhabitat rotation. Still another group foundingenious ways to return nearby asteroidst o h i g h o r b i t , u s ing g rav i ty -a s s i s t“swingby” methods worked out duringprevious space missions.

The s tudy concludes that no “showstoppers” have been found, and that withthe recent hard work many problems nowlook easier than they did earlier. At thesame time, a great program of research anddevelopment, comparable to that of theA p o l l o p r o j e c t , l i e s a h e a d i f s p a c emanufacturing is to be realized.

We feel that further research at a muchmore intensive level is needed, as soon aspossible, both to find whether such “show-stoppers” exist at a deeper level, or if not,exactly how best and most efficiently todesign the many components of a space-manufacturing system.

If the necessary research is done quickly,we feel that the f i rs t Shutt le f l ightsc a r r y i n g c o m p o n e n t s o f a s p a c e -manufacturing system could lift off by themid 1980’s, and that significant amountsof clean electrical energy obtained fromsolar satellites in high orbit could begin toflow into our power lines on earth by theearly 1990’s. By the turn of the centurym o s t o f o u r n e w e l e c t r i c g e n e r a t i n gcapacity could be in the form of solarsatel l i tes , rather than coal or nuclearplants. Alternatively, a less aggressiveprogram, taking plenty of time to exploreal ternat ives, a n d c o n d u c t e d a t t h edeliberate pace of government decisions inthis decade rather than with the sense ofurgency we felt during the Apollo Project,might give the same benefits, but five or tenyears later.

Our suggested program would makeheavy use of the Space Shuttle, due to makeits first free flight this month. We woulduse the Shuttle to lift to low orbit all thecomponents needed for the first space-manufacturing system, and all the peopleneeded to operate it. We would use theShuttle’s external tanks to make modularliving-quarters for use in low and highorbit and on the lunar surface. Other tanksof that kind would be pelletized to formreaction-mass, expelled by mass-drivers tol i f t Shu t t l e pay loads t o l una r o rb i t .Though we would begin our program bycarrying up from the earth all the foodneeded by workers in space, eventually wewould switch to space-agriculture, usingthe unlimited solar energy available inhigh orbit.

From our six weeks of intensive study byfifty people, we feel that it is time toaugment our efforts by an intensive, hard-d r i v i n g p r o g r a m o f r e s e a r c h a n ddevelopment on a most attractive option.

More OnSpace Freeportby Mark Frazier

The space freeport project is beginningto move. In recent weeks the followingdevelopments have occurred:

1. Funding. OTRAG, A West Germancompany, has indicated that it will make acontribution to the study. OTRAG becamethe first corporation in space this May,when it lofted the first of a series of rocketsfrom an equatorial launch site. It expectsorbital capability by next year. Headed byDr. Kurt Debus, former head of NASA’sManned Space Flight Center at Canaveral,OTRAG has raised millions of dollars todate from investors in Europe.

2. New advisors. We are pleased toannounce that Dr. Marcel Barrere, head oft h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s t r o n a u t i c a lFederation, has joined our advisory board,as had Ed Finch, chairman of the aerospacel a w c o m m i t t e e o f t h e A m e r i c a n B a rAssociation and former ambassador toPanama. Both will bring welcome ideasand experience to the project.

3. Upcoming conferences. Earthportp ro j ec t member s a r e o rgan i z ing , o rappearing in , a number of aerospace-related conferences in the future. Art Dula,c h a i r m a n o f o u r g o v e r n m e n t l a u n c hactivities committee, is director of theAmerican Bar Association conference onscience and technology from Aug. 4-10 inChicago, featuring business in space: PaulSiegler, a member of our private userscommittee and a consultant to NASA, iso r g a n i z i n g a c o n f e r e n c e o n t h eindustrialization of space, sponsored bythe American Astronautical Society andthe American Institute of Aeronautics andAstronautics. Earthport study directorMark Frazier and private users committeechairman Bob Poole will deliver papers atthe conference, to be held in San Franciscobeginning October 18.

4. Contact with equatorial governments.Translations of a letter to 43 heads ofequatorial nations have been completed,and were in the mail by mid-August. Theletter asks whether the nations wish to becons ide red a s po t en t i a l s i t e s fo r aninternational free trade zone/space launcharea. Dr. Irwin Pikus, acting head of theState Department’s space division, hash e l p e d u s i n p r e p a r a t i o n s f o r asimultaneous, similar letter to heads oftelecommunications ministries in thesecountries. We anticipate replies duringlate August, September, and October.

More bulletins will follow as thingsprogress.


“Space Spider”

NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Centerhas issued a request for quotations toi n d u s t r y f o r a “ D e s i g n S t u d y o f t h eTeleoperator Space Spider for BuildingLarge Space Structures.”

The “Space Spider” concept formulatedby Marshall engineers involves a devicethat would be capable of constructinglarge structures such as satellite powersystems and antennas in space. Carrying aroll of prestamped material, the Spiderwou ld a t t a ch i t s e l f t o t he r im o f anestablished core and, traveling by means ofa crawler-type drive, would spin a newlyformed ribbon of material around the rim.T h e a c t i o n w o u l d c o n t i n u e u n t i l aparticular diameter was reached.

The Teleoperator Space Spider has beenproposed for f l ight aboard the SpaceShuttle in the 1980’s.

“Spiders” Build in Space -- This artist’s concept depicts two proposed Teleoperator Space Spidersbuilding a structure for a solar power satellite onto a Space Shuttle external tank. On completion ofsuch a structure, the external tank could become a control center for space operations, a crew habitatfor Shuttle astronauts and a focal point for various space missions. The Shuttle orbiter is shown atright hovering over the solar power satellite.

Notes From USRAUSRA is no longer providing liaison

a n d c o o r d i n a t i o n i n r e l a t i o n t oe x p e r i m e n t s f o r t h e L o n g D u r a t i o nExposure Facility (LDEF) and potentiale x p e r i m e n t e r s s h o u l d c o m m u n i c a t edirectly with:

Mr. John DiBattistaLDEF Project OfficerMail Stop 158BNASA/Langley Research CenterHampton, VA 23665Telephone: (804) 827-3704There are s t i l l a number of opt ions

avai lable to experimenters under theNASA Announcement of Opportunity.

Moreover, there are still opportunities forflight on the first LDEF missions. Anadditional Announcement of Opportunityis planned for late 1977.

If the research you contemplate is bettersuited to Spacelab, which is of shorterduration and carries people, or to othershuttle programs, please contact:

Dr. Noel HinnersOffice of Space ScienceMail Stop F 5131NASA HeadquartersWashington, D.C. 20546Telephone: (202) 755-2320, Ext. 53672

10

Treasurer’s Reportby Bill WeigleTreasurer, Board of Directors

In the last fiscal year (July 1, 1976 toJune 30, 1977) the Society had an income of$47,047.87.

Of this amount memberships (regular,student, i n s t i t u t i o n a l a n d r e n e w a l s )brought in $15,583.00 or just over one-third. The largest category was, however,$17,298.19 in donations. This includesmoney donated by William O’Boyle andB a r b a r a M a r x H u b b a r d d u r i n g t h eSoc i e ty ’ s t imes o f need , a s we l l a sd o n a t i o n s e a r m a r k e d f o r p a r t i c u l a rp ro j ec t s ( pay ing r epo r t e r ’ s t r ave l i ngexpenses, production of the color picturesin the May ‘77 L-5 News, etc.) from GeorgeLitwin, G e o r g e K o o p m a n a n d t h eK o o p m a n F o u n d a t i o n , J a y L e v e y ,T i m o t h y L e a r y , B i l l O ’ B o y l e , J a c kHopkins and Barbara Marx Hubbard.Special thanks goes to Larry Friesan who,a l t h o u g h n o t w e a l t h y , h a s s e n t i n adonation every few months for the last twoyears, and to all the people too numerousto list who have sent in an extra five or tendollars from time to time.

The remainder of our income came fromsales of publications, books, posters, slidesand back issues.

In fiscal year ‘77 the Society disbursed$48,899.35 placing us $1851.48 in the red asof July 1. The largest expenditure was inl a b o r . M a n a g e m e n t s e r v i c e s c o s t$10,344.09 and wages totaled $4,359.38 fora total of $14,703.47. Printing ranked nextat $12,775.17. This includes L-5 Newsprinting and special mailings. Photocopyservices cost $4,230.62. (This expenseshou ld d rop a s t he Soc i e ty ha s j u s tacquired i ts own machine and is a lsostandardising printing to avoid tons of“rush” printing done by photocopier.)

Postage and handling excluding laborcost $3,103.18 in order to get books, slides,posters, publications and the L-5 News toyou. The phone bill to get the “news” to usran $2539.89.

1 .

2 .

3. Please note we paid $970 to a number of

outstanding artists and writers for work int h e L - 5 n e w s . W e p a y f o r s o m e - b u tremember, volunteerism is still the word.

We are here! The Ann Arbor L-5 Societyofficially came into being last March 23.Anyone in the southeastern Michigan areawho is interested in joining our rapidlygrowing clique may write us at Box 126,Michigan Union, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.

11

Report from theAnnual Meetingby Carolyn Henson, Secretary,Board of Directors

At the annual meet ing, af ter vot ingdown a motion by Daniel Lomax that theelection for the Board of Directors beinvalidated, the ballots’ were counted.L o m a x , w h o , as a member of thenominat ing committee, c o u n t e d t h eballots, wanted it made clear that he did sounder protest. All candidates for the Boardwere elected. We appreciate Vid Beldavs ofC o l u m b u s , I n d i a n a , f o r c h a i r i n g t h emeeting from 2 to 3:30 p.m. (when he hadto catch a plane) and Marc Boone of AnnArbor who chaired it from 3:30 to 8 p.m.Special thanks to the folks who voted toa d j o u r n b e f o r e w e s t a r v e d , a n d o u rcondolences go to those who gave up andwalked out!

The Board of Directors now has thefollowing members: Gordon Woodcock,Harlan Smith, and Carol Motts (newmembers) ; H. Kei th Henson, CarolynMeinel Henson, William H. Weigle, NorieHuddle, Konrad K. Dannenberg, Hon.Edward R. Finch, Jr., Leonard David, JimOberg, Barbara Marx Hubbard, J. PeterVajk, Magoroh Maruyama, Jack Salmon,P h i l l i p P a r k e r , D a v i d M . F r a d i n ,Romualdas Sviedries, and Mark MyronHopkins (previous board members).

Mark D. Grover of Evanston, Illinoiswrote in saying, “I have become more thana b i t cu r ious abou t t he c ryp t i c l i ne sconcerning recent ‘major changes in themanagement of the Society.’ For those ofus who aren’t able to ‘see it happen’ inTucson, I think an explanat ion is inorder.”

June 11 the Society’s administrator,Daniel Lomax, resigned leaving behind abadly “overcommitted” checking accountand hundreds of unshipped orders.

These problems, which developed oversome months, were not entirely his fault.Among other things, they stemmed fromover ambitious projects (May ‘77 L-5News) and procedures and personnelw h i c h c o u l d n o t k e e p u p w i t h t h eincreasing work load. We do appreciate thegood things accomplished by CDS (DanielLomax’s company) for the Society over thelast year.

Thanks to a heroic effort on the part ofnineteen volunteers (see credits in theAugust L-5 News), a top notch secretaryf rom Ke l ly Se rv i ce s , and l oans anddonations, we were able to keep any checksfrom bouncing, catch up on unshippedorders, and set up a new office in a month’stime. The August L-5 News was the firstissue put out by the new staff-in our spare

time, at that!So who’s running the Society now?

Every month you can check the lineup inthe masthead on page 1. Membershipservices are handled by Doris Cooper (theShipping Hot Line Lady) and EileenAsher ; B i l l Weig le i s admin i s t r a t iveassis tant , and I am edi tor . Who’s theadministrator? We’re looking for a goodbusiness manager fill the slot.

Mark Grover had another question: “. . .as the L-5 News has gotten larger andslicker every month, the bylines are gettingfewer and far between. There are severalmarkedly different styles in the variousart icles , and I’d s trongly suggest thatsomeone take the credit (or blame) foreach.”

Articles without bylines are written byme using press releases, State Departmenttelegrams, government agency notices, etc.Their style is markedly different from mybylined articles because, let’s face it,“ERDA Issues Nat ional Energy R&DPlan” doesn’t really get my juices flowing,whereas “NASA Nixes Algae Burgers”-tocite my favorite literary opus-gives mesomething to really sink my teeth into. So,next time you read a dreadfully boringarticle about some government contract,you know who to blame.

One article in the August L-5 News is anexception to the above rule. I guess it’sreally unfair to keep you in suspense aboutwho coauthored “What to RememberWhen Reading A Study Report.” They areStella Calvert and Ray Sperber.

A EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ONS P A C E S E T T L E M E N T S A N DINDUSTRIESSponsored by the L-5 West EuropeanBranch

20th September 1977 9.15 am - 18.00Provisional list of papers to be presented

“Results of Recent Studies of the SpaceSolar Power Concept”by Robert 0. PilandA s s i s t a n t D i r e c t o r f o r P r o g r a mDevelopmentNASA Johnson Space Center“Space Production of Satellite SolarPower Stations”by William N. AgostoElectronics EngineerNew Jersey, USA“ B i o l o g i c a l E f f e c t s A s A F a c t o rAffecting A High Power MicrowaveTransmission-Reception System”by Adrian CowderoyUniversity of London

4. “ D e s i g n P r i n c i p l e s f o r S p a c eSettlements”by Peter R. VokeBritish Aerospace, Electronic & SpaceSystems Division


5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

“Sources of Volatile Materials for aSpace Manufacturing Facility”by Dr. C.E. SingerUniversity of London“ A r e a R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r F o o dProduction on Space Colonies”by Dr. I. RichardsL-5 Society (West Europe)“Anchored Lunar Halo Satellites forC i s - L u n a r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n dCommunication”by Jerome PearsonUSAF Flight Dynamics LaboratoryWright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio“The Role of Selenostationary Orbits inCislunar Settlements”by Peter R. VokeBritish Aerospace, Electronic and SpaceSystems Division“The Role of Nonweiler WaveriderS p a c e c r a f t i n E x p l o r i n g a n dColonising the Solar System”by Duncan LunanASTRA

For further details write:The DirectorL-5 Society40 Lamb StreetKidsgrove, Stoke on TrentEngland, U.K.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania now has ameeting place for L-5 members who live inthe Delaware Valley and South Jersey area.

The meetings will be every Saturdaymorning from 9:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. at theCentral Library, Logan Square, 19th andBenjamin Franklin Parkway, Phila., Pa.

The first meeting will be 9:30 a.m.,August 13 and every Saturday thereafter forat least 12 weeks before we have to rotate toanother Phila. city library or can renew ourlease. For further information contact:

Mr. Richard W. Bowers3059 Cedar St.Phila.. Pa. 19134Phone: (215) 739-7780

V o l u n t e e r s t h i s m o n t h i n c l u d e dHoward Gluckman of Los Angeles, NeilRest of Chicago, Marc Boone of AnnArbor , and Tucsonans J im Anderson,Mara Anzuina, Elizabeth Martin, MichelleBranch and Gale and Windy Henson.

You can get free room and board for yournext vacation in Tucson, America’s winterplayground, in exchange for working amere 12 hours per day in the L-5 office.(Remember, folks, that’s only half thehours in a day!) Take advantage of thisspecial offer today by writing:

Carolyn HensonDirector, Volunteer Labor GangL-5 Society1620 N. ParkTucson. AZ 85719

Volunteer’s Notebook

My vacation. -Marc Boone

Up in space I want to float. If you wantto float in space, call 602/622-6351.

Mara AnzuinaAge 10

If I got a paying job doing this I couldafford to eat better than they’re feedingme. -Neil Rest

Listen to side two of Abbey Road as onepiece. Here comes the Sun. -- Jim Anderson

In a recent letter, I said I would “put thefinal nails in the coffin of L-5 as a place forthe colony.” Keith responded with, “Canwe put a little colony at L-5 just’ forsentimental reasons?”

My mathematical results do, indeed,show that under the best -unders toodmethod of lunar mass transport, L-5 is al o u s y p l a c e . B u t i n r e s p o n s e t o t h eoverwhelming public interest in L-5, Ihave devised an alternate approach, whichmay indeed permit a good case to be madefor L-5. Moreover, this approach wouldallow us to say that L-5 is to be preferredover L-4, if that is indeed the case.

I h o p e t o h a v e p r e l i m i n a r ymathematical results, pertinent to thisproblem, early in September; definitiveresults would then be available by the endof the year, after I return from a lengthytrip Stateside. So, all friends of L-5 areadvised to watch closely for developments.

T.A. HeppenheimerHeidelberg, West Germany

12

BIBLIOGRAPHY UPDATEby Conrad Schneiker

“The Safe Shuttle”Nelson E. BrownTechnology Review, March-April 1977

If you like disaster movies, you’re sure toenjoy reading about the endless number ofthings that could turn a routine shuttle flightinto a waking nightmare. If in addition, you’replanning to ride the shuttle, you’ll be somewhatr e l i e v e d t o f i n d o u t h o w m o s t o f t h e s econtingencies have been planned for using a“fail-operational” philosophy (“bring ‘em backalive!“).

“Mining Outer Space”Michael J. Gaffey, Thomas B. McCordTechnology Review, June 1977

“Asteroids contain many of the minerals ins h o r t s u p p l y o n earth. Detec t ing andrecovering these minerals could be technicallyfeasible and financially rewarding.” This articletakes a look at these technical and financialpossibilities.

“An Electromagnetic ‘Slingshot’ For SpacePropulsion”Henry KolmTechnology Review, June 1977

Describes the lunar mass driver, which “for allpractical purposes makes the colonization ofspace as inevitable as was colonization of thewestern hemisphere.”

“Gravitationally Stabilized Satellite SolarPower Stations Orbit”V.A. ChobotovJournal of Spacecraft & Rockets, April 1977

“A concept for a gravitationally stabilizedsa te l l i t e so la r power s ta t ion in orb i t [ i s ]described.” “The principal advantages of thisconcept a re tha t 1 ) no excess ive ly la rgestructural subassemblies are required and 2)passive, long-life attitude control for the array isused.” “Rolling motion prevents the mutalshading of the array elements at the equinoxes.”

“Plsetsk -- Russia’s Top Secret Military SpaceCenter”James E. ObergSpace World, March 1977

A brief article on this center and how itslocation was pinpointed and layout becamepublic knowledge. This was accomplishedthrough the efforts of a science teacher and hisEnglish grammar school students who observedground tracks. Then a few enterprising sciencereporters filed requests for LANDSAT photos,specifying latitude and longitude, but omittingthe country in question.

“Solar Power From Satellites”Peter E. GlaserPhysics Today, February 1977

Discusses the SSPS proposal in detail. There is al o n g d i s c u s s i o n o f m i c r o w a v e p o w e rt r a n s m i s s i o n a n d t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a limplications of SSPS are reviewed. For safety,

13

the author notes that rectennas may be placed offshore and that beams will be adjusted so the“Beyond 10 km from the beam center themicrowave power density would meet theLOWEST INTERNATIONAL STANDARDSfor cont inued exposure to microwaves .”(Emphasis added)

“Weightless Perfection”Physics Bulletin, March 1977

Repor ts on the NASA space process ingprogramme (which uses the Black Brant VCsounding rocket). The experiments discussed“reinforce the belief that better materials can bep r o d u c e d i n s p a c e t h a n o n e a r t h . ”

“Soviet Space Shuttle”Spaceflight, June 1977

Reports new information on Soviet plans fora recoverable 2 stage “Kosmolyot” (spaceplane).“Serious design development appears to havebegun in the early 1970’s . . .” “There is, as yet,no firm indication when the Russians expect toput their spaceplane into service.”

“ H o w D o U . S . C o m p a n i e s V i e w S p a c eIndustrialization?”Arthur M. DulaAstronautics & Aeronautics. April 1977

“This article briefly describes results from acarefu l ly prepared ques t iona i re on spaceindustrialization sent to chief executive officersof 378 companies selected from among theFortune 500 list of American industries and theFortune 300 list of American service industries.”Some results: “A majority of the respondents feltspace industrialization would have a significanteffect on the gross national product sometimebetween 1996 and 2010.” “Some 30% of therespondents were aware of and interested in theposs ib i l i ty of so lar -power sa te l l i tes andcommunication satellites.” “Many [companies]know nothing about potential profit centers,but about half that do expect to become involvedin the Eighties if they may retain patent rights.”

“Toward Large Space Systems”Charles J. Daros, Robert F. Freitag, Richard L.KlineAstronautics & Aeronautics, May 1977

Discusses potential requirements for largespace structures and space construction bases.

“The Promise Of The Space Factory”Donald M. WaltzTechnology Review, May 1977

“An enormous range of commercial products,from electronic components to medicines, couldbe manufactured in space. The economics lookspromising, but some hard-nosed research willbe needed.” In the late 1980’s, such commonitems as computer circuits, medicines and laserglass may be manufactured in space. Thisarticle looks at these and other candidateproducts for space manufacture, space factoryrequi rements , and tha t a l l - impor tan t andpresently “blank bottom line.”

“Perspectives on Satellite Solar Power”P.E. GlaserJournal of EnergyMarch-April 1977, p. 75

P.E. Glaser originated the SSPS concept in 1968with a pioneering paper titled “The Future ofPower From the Sun.” In the present article hepresents a comprehensive review of SSPSconcept development from that time to thepresent. He concludes “Since the SSPS conceptwas first proposed in 1968, considerable workhas been done on its various aspects. It is nowconsidered an option which deserves seriousevaluation. Its potential for meeting energydemands beyond 1995 is being recognized andplans for its development are being studied.Assessments of SSPS technical and economicfeasibility, environmental impacts and legalimplications are being carried out by academic,indus t r ia l , and government groups in theUnited States and abroad. These assessmentsindicate that: there is increasing confidence inSSPS, technical, and economic feasibility; SSPStechnology uncertainties and risks are beingb e t t e r d e f i n e d ; t e r r e s t r i a l s o l a r e n e r g yd e v e l o p m e n t s , a n d n e a r - t e r m s p a c ec o n s t r u c t i o n b a s e a n d a d v a n c e d s p a c etransportation systems studies are supportive ofS S P S d e v e l o p m e n t ; a c o n t i n u i n g S S P Stechnology development program can beeconomically justified on the basis of ourpresent knowledge; and environmental impactshave not emerged as a major constraint on SSPSoperation.”

“Alternative Approaches to Space-Based PowerGeneration”D.L. GregoryJournal of Energy, March-April 1977, p. 85

Eight power systems (solar and nuclear) forsatellite power stations are described andcompared , fo l lowed by a repor t on the i reva lua t ion . The to ta l cos t o f a comple tep r o g r a m i m p l e m e n t i n g e a c h s y s t e m i soptimized and calculated. This information isthen used to calculate the required groundbusbar costs of SPS electric power. Four of thesystems are judged viable. The net result is “that‘power from space’ is not dependent upon asingle power generation concept. Analyses ofthe exhaust emission quantities of the associatedlaunch systems, rectenna land use, etc. indicatethat the environmental impact associated withthe SPS concept is extremely low. The baselineprogram would produce the first commercialpower from space in 1996. This would be by nomeans an ‘accelerated’ program: SPS operationcould probably be achieved at a much earlierdate.”

“The VTOVL Shuttle”Philip BonoSpaceflight, May 1977, p. 197

This very noteworthy letter should have beenpublished as an article in its own right. It isprompted by the Boeing Powersa t a r t ic le(Spaceflight, February 1977, p. 52) reviewed here


last month. The Boeing concept is based on asingle-stage VTOVL rocket transport, which inturn grew out of Philip Bono’s design for asimilar transport using a plug aerospike engine.Two NASA patents were taken out on his behalffor the previous design. He states that “14 yearshave passed since the first engineering paperwas publically presented to an AIAA conferencein Los Angeles.” In addition he coauthored abook with Ken Gatland (Frontiers of Space)which “devotes most of its discussion (andcolour illustrations) to a detailed examinationof the VTOVL ‘Shuttle’ concept.” It has beentranslated into 5 languages. Mr. Bono notes thathis concept “has met with opposition ands k e p t i c i s m w i t h i n t h e U S t e c h n i c a lcommunity” and that until recent years it was“completely ignored, even as a second (or third)generation Shuttle.” He proceeds to note recentstudies “requiring huge payloads in the order of500,000 to 1,000,000 lb. have revived theVTOVL, the enormous weights of such heavy-lift single-stage devices would be virtuallyimprac t icab le to l and hor izonta l ly (wi thwings)” He adds “From the beginning theI n t e r p l a n e t a r y S o c i e t y [ p u b l i s h e r s o fSpaceflight] recognized the approach as at leastone viable solution to the reusable launchvehicle problem.” It’s good to see Boeing nowrealizes this as well.“Project Columbus 1992”Brian O’Leary, The Bulletin of the AtomicScientists, March 3, 1977, p. 4

A call is made for Project Columbus, “thename applied to the entire umbrella madepossible by building the first space factorywhich could process lunar o r as te ro ida lmaterials by 1992.” Neat idea but why wait ‘til‘92?

“On The Feasibility Of Small Power Satellites”K. E. Drexler, T.A. HeppehneimerJournal of Energy, May-June 1977

The transmitting antenna of a powersat willnot function correctly if scaled down. Thisresults in two problems: building a smalldemonst ra t ion powersa t (us ing the spaceshuttle) and feeding power into the nationalenergy grid (which is designed for one Gwblocks of power, whereas the most economicalpowersat system yields a 10 Gw block). Thisarticle demonstrates that the use of a power relaysatellite overcomes these obstacles.

“Will The Next War Be Fought In Space?”Edward HymoffPopular Mechanics, July 1977

A sneak preview of DOD preparations for the“S ta r Wars” o f t h e 1 9 8 0 ’ s . F i l l e d w i t hdiscussions of suicide satellites, mine fields laiddown by “mine-layer” satellites, hunter-killersatellites, decoy satellites, “dark” satellites (i.e.invisible to conventional radar) lurking in deepspace (two were launched last March), andrecoilless space weapons (lasers and particlebeams).

“Energy From Outer Space”Richard F. DempewolffPopular Mechanics, June 1977

An excellent introduction to “big boosterearth launched” powersat concepts for the layreader. Very well illustrated with some strikingpaintings.

The papers reviewed below are from the1 9 7 7 P r i n c e t o n S p a c e M a n u f a c t u r i n gF a c i l i t i e s C o n f e r e n c e . T h e y w i l l b eava i lab le in hook form th i s October andcan be ordered from:

Je r ry GreyA I A A1290 Avenue of the AmericasNew York, NY 10019

“Mass Driver Theory and History”Frank Chilton

Presents h i s tor ica l h ighl ights of l inearinduc t ion and sychronous motors and anoverview of their theory of operation. Thispaper serves as an introduction to the massdriver papers below. Of interest is the briefdiscussion of a coaxial mass driver geometry,potentially a factor of three times less massivethan the “standard” double-sided-rectangulargeometry. It is noted that “Accelerations of theorder of 100 g’s are easy and over 100 g’s arepossible if desired.” In conclusion, the massdriver “promises to be extraordinarily useful forspace industrialization.”

“ T h e L o n g D u r a t i o n E x p o s u r e F a c i l i t y(LDEF) -- A Test Bed for Space TechnologyDevelopment”John D. DiBattista, Lenwood G. Clark

“ T h e r e a r e s i g n i f i c a n t l i m i t a t i o n s t os i m u l a t i o n o f t h e s p a c e e n v i r o n m e n t i nlaboratories.” These difficulties are described.The ro le of the LDEF program is spacetechnology testing is presented. It will study“the synergistic effects of space vacuum, plasma,radiation, thermal cycling, and reduced gravity.

“In situ testing in space is usually importantto obtain engineering and design data on newtechnologies (i.e., materials [such as adhesives,seals, lubricants, thin films for solar sails],coatings, etc.) which will be necessary for thesuccess of future NASA and DOD programsinvolving very large space structures whichmust have useful lifetimes in space of severaldecades.”“Space So la r Power -The Transpor ta t ionChallenge”Hubert P. Davis

The role of space transportation in the SPSconcept has been identified as a potential “showstopper” based on doubts that it can operate atan acceptable cost. This paper explores the roleof Shuttle derived vehicles and two stage HLLVsin SPS prototype construction and in the overallconcept . I ’m somewhat d i sappoin ted tha ts i n g l e - s t a g e - t o - o r b i t v e h i c l e s w e r e n o tdiscussed.

“Advanced Technology and Future Earth-To-Orbit Transportation Systems”B.Z. Henry, C.H. Eldred

A study with the emphasis on single-stage-to-orbit vehicles has shown advanced technologyto be essential for more economical earth-orbitt r a n s p o r t a t i o n . I n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h s u c hvehicles, a surprising result emerged. “Themuch cleaner recovery offered by the aircraft-type landing appears achievable at no greatercos t and r i sk than the ba l l i s t i c recovery .Accelerated technology appears to pay off ineither case.”

“The Space Manufacturing Facility As A BaseFor Exploration”Larry Jay Friesen

Discusses the advantages of “s l ingshotlaunches” f rom the 2 : l resonant orb i t fo rplanetary/asteroid missions as opposed to lowearth orbit launches.

“Cost-Benefit Analysis of Space ManufacturingFacilities”Mark Myron Hopkins

“This paper updates the author’s previouslypublished economic model by incorporating theresults of the 1976 NASA/Ames summer study ofspace manufacturing facilities (SMF’s) as well aso t h e r d a t a w h i c h h a v e r e c e n t l y b e c o m eava i lab le . The ana lys i s revea l s tha t theeconomics of SMF’s are substantially better thanthe favorable results found for space settlements(colonies) using this model in previous studies.”In contrast to a rather common assumption, “Itis found that the SMF option for producingSPS’s may be less risky than building them onand launching them from earth.”

“Lunar Resource Surveys From Orbit”James Arnold

A brief summary of the Apollo findings onlunar chemica l composi t ion and how theplanned lunar polar orbiter experiments willhelp fill in the existing gaps of knowledge by,among other things, “producing a chemicalmap of the entire moon.”

“Lunar Resources and Their Utilization”W.C. Phinney, D. Criswell, E. Drexler, J.Garmirian

Lunar surface materials are characterized,significant compositional differences betweenmaria and highlands soil are discussed, aconservative processing plant design for thesematerials is presented and the rationale for notlocating such a plant on the lunar surface isgiven.

“Basic Coaxial Mass Driver Reference Design”Henry Kolm

A detailed exposition of coaxial geometry massdriver design principles with HP-67 & HP-25p r o g r a m l i s t i n g s f o r p e r f o r m a n c ecomputations. The original coaxial design wasoriginated by the author. Its “superiority stemsfrom the fact that inductive coupling betweenbucket and propuls ion co i l s i s inheren t lytighter, which permits more effective utilizationof conductor mass, and both the bucket andguideway structures are subjected only to puretension forces, which permit higher accelerationbefore structural limits are reached.”

“Mass Driver Retrieval of Earth-ApproachingAsteroids”Brian O’Leary

Discusses mechanics and tradeoffs for massdriver tugs “designed to move Apollo and Amorasteroids at opportunities of low velocityincrement to the vicinity of the Earth.” (Apolloasteroids cross Earth’s orbit, Amor asteroidsa p p r o a c h E a r t h ’ s o r b i t . ) T h e a u t h o rdemonstrates that this source of material forhigh orbit use may be an order of magnitude lessexpensive than lunar materials. Thus “the totalinvestment of a space manufacturing program

14

could be reduced twofold by using asteroidalinstead of lunar resources; such a program couldbegin severa l years sooner wi th minimalconcurrent development if asteroidal searchprograms and mass driver development areimmediately accelerated.”

1 .

2 .“Mineralogical Characterization of AsteroidS u r f a c e M a t e r i a l s f r o m R e f l e c t a n c eSpectroscopy: A Review”M. J. Gaffey and T.B. McCord

Opens with a helpful definition of terms “Forthose ind iv idua ls no t conversant wi th theterminology of planetary astronomy, remotesensing or minerology.” I encourage all authorsof technical articles to follow this examplew h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e i n o r d e r t o m a k e t h el i t e ra tu re on space manufac tur ing /spacehabitation comprehensible to those whose areaof specialization does not match the author’s.The growing public interest in this field and itsinterdisciplinary nature make this a desirablegoal. The interpretation of asteroidal spectraand the underlying theoretical basis for suchinterpretation is discussed at length. Indrawingout implications for space industrializationefforts, the authors conclude that “The InnerBelt, with several tens of thousands of objects toselect from and with volatile-rich minerals inabundance, may prove to be the cheapest (withregard to energy) source of much of the neededraw materials.” How? Solar sails “may makeeven relatively distant asteroidal sourcescompetitive with Lunar surface.”‘A Factory Concept For Process ing And

Manufacturing With Lunar Materials”Gerald W. Driggers

“A conceptual design for an orbital factorysized to process 1.5 x 106 metric tons per year ofraw lunar fines into 3.0 x 105 metric tons ofmanufac tur ing mater ia l s i s p resen ted . Aconservative approach involving application ofpresent Earth based technology leads to a designdevoid of new inventions.” For the systemdescribed, it is found that “By Earth basedstandards the individual plants and segmentsare not highly efficient. Taken as a whole andcoupled to efficient automated assembly outsidethe facility, the concept is very efficient in termsof manpower, mass and volume. The key is end-to-end, raw material to finished product systemintegration. The realization of this type offacility may represent the next plateau ofindustrial development.”

“ S y s t e m s A n a l y s i s o f a P o t e n t i a l S p a c eManufacturing Facility”Gerald W. Driggers

“Results of a preliminary design study of thesystem elements comprising a manufacturingfac i l i ty in ea r th orb i t a re p resen ted . Thee l e m e n t s d i s c u s s e d i n c l u d e c i s - l u n a rtransportation, lunar base, materials transport,factory, living facilities, construction supportand energy supply. An evolutionary path ofdevelopment, production and deployment ispresented and s tep-wise in ter re la t ionshipsdiscussed.” The author makes the interestingobservation that “The level of detail allowed bythe constraints of this study was sufficient toi l l u s t r a t e t h e i n t r i g u i n g p o t e n t i a l f o rmanufacture of products in space from lunarmaterials at high production rates.”

15

Readers of L-5 News are encouraged tosend to L-5 Society reprints of articles byt h e m o r b y o t h e r s r e l e v a n t t o s p a c ei n d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n a n d e x t r a t e r r e s t r i a lc o m m u n i t y d e s i g n .L - 5 N e w s w i l l p u b l i s h a b s t r a c t s o fre levant publ ica t ions provided:a . A n a b s t r a c t o f n o t m o r e t h a n 2 0 0

words is provided by the author or bythe person sending the reprint to L-5S o c i e t y , a n d i s a c c o m p a n i e d b y acopy of the entire article or book.

b. The abs t rac t s a re sub jec t to ed i t ingor rejection by the editor of the L-5News.

Many literature-followers may not knowwhat a goldmine the Government PrintingOff ice i s . They send out a f ree month lybul le t in of Se lec ted Publ ica t ions .

The Apr i l i s sue has , among a hundredo t h e r t h i n g s , b o o k s o n p o p u l a t i o n

p s y c h o l o g y , e c o s y s t e m i m p a c t s o fu r b a n i z a t i o n , a n d w a s t e m a n a g e m e n ttechnology; and a pamphlet, “What’s Newon the Moon?”

J u s t w r i t e S u p e r i n t e n d a n t o fD o c u m e n t s , U . S . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n gOffice, Washington, D.C. 20402, to get onthe mai l ing l i s t .

Nei l Res tChicago , I l l ino i s

Time Out For TomorrowNorman Avery

by Conrad Schneiker

The cover of this futurism book sports apainting of O’Neill type III space colonies withglued-on reflectors. In the forword, the authorsays “great depth will not be given to the variousideas presented herein . . .” Unfortunately hesucceeded a little too well in that respect. Forexample, there are just 5 pages of text (yet 7pages of illustrations) on the topic of spacecolonization. This book touches on many otheri n t e r e s t i n g s u b j e c t s : c o m m u n i c a t i o n ,computers, lasers, energy, transportation, etc.However, just after a new and interesting item isintroduced, the subject is changed. The result isa “gee whiz” book that is somewhat frustratingif you want to know some of the hows and whybehind all the neat prophecies. On the plus side,this book is packed with sketches, paintings,and photographs. It is an enjoyable book to lookthrough. I hope there will be a revised secondedition with smaller print that gets more intothe “guts” of its subject.

Colonies In SpaceT.A. Heppenheimer.Introduction by Ray Bradbury.Stackpole Books $12.95

To skeptics concerned with economic ands o c i a l p r i o r i t i e s , a e r o s p a c e e n g i n e e rHeppenheimer has a ready reply. The spacecolonies w h i c h h e a n d o t h e r s c i e n t i s t se n v i s i o n - a n d w h i c h m a y o n e d a y b e o nNASA’s drawing boards-incorporate powersatellites beaming back sufficient solar energy to

ease the world energy crisis. Whatever lingeringdoubts may remain Heppenheimer attempts tosweep away in a rosy scenar io of lush lyv e r d a n t , p o l l u t i o n - f r e e s p a c e c o l o n i e scomplete with swimming pools, movies andzero-gravity sex. But space boosterism or no,space colonies could be a not-so-distant reality,so we’d better pay attention. More than 100photos and l ine drawings (e ight pages incolor) give a startling immediacy to vividdescr ip t ions of space shut t les , moon andasteroid mining and manned observatorieswhich loom in our future. BOMC alternate,Natural History Book club alternate [June 15]

Reprinted from Publishers Weekly

Even the non-space fans have something good tosay about Heps book -- K.H.

Colonies In Space, by T.A. Heppenheimer isbeing offered by the following book clubs:

Book-of-the-MonthNatural HistoryExplorersPlayboy

Aesthetic Implications of the Crystal PalaceSpace HabitatMarjorie L. Stuart

Review by Stella Calvert

Gerard O’Neill’s 1976 Crystal Palace SpaceHabitat is examined by a stage magician hopingto solve the chief problem with this structure.The Crystal Palace design provides significantlymore living space per unit of mass than does theBernal Sphere ; however , the Sphere doesprovide cons iderab ly more v isua l space .Marjorie Stuart, a’ practicing stage magicianfrom New York State, has spent her thoughtson optimization of visual space within theC r y s t a l P a l a c e d e s i g n . A s s h e s a y s , “ Amagician does not care what is true. He is onlyinterested in what appears to be true.”

She recommends, for example, that roadsalong the circumference may well be straight,since the edge of the colony is not visible, butthat the side to side roads ought to curve toavoid reminding the inhabitants at every stepthat theirs is an extremely small closed system.In addition, she suggests that the forest oflongerons and risers be camouflaged both byhanging gardens and by pressing them intodouble duty as structural supports for thebuildings. Also of interest is the suggestion thatbuildings be facaded on both sides, allowing foran alternation of residential and commercialstreets and a much greater visual variety.

This paper once more proves that there is aneed for people of all disciplines and specialtiesto be involved in the design of space colonies;conventional architecture may not be equal tothe cha l lenge of the space c i ty , even asconventional fabrication techniques are toolimited. However, with input from magicians,artists and poets; painters, stage designers andperhaps even smugglers, viable and beautifulcities in space can and will be designed.

Additional information on Ms. Stuart’s workcan be obtained from

Marjorie L. Stuart, PartnerMarburger Publications31 Westgage Blvd.Plandome, New York 11030


L-5 MarketplaceO’NEILL FUND APPEAL(Reprinted from O’Neill’s newsletter)

by G.K. O’Neill

The first five months of 1977 have been atime of rapid progress in the work of Dr.Brian O’Leary, myself and our co-workersin many locations. Concluding a mostpleasant and productive sabbatical year asHunsaker Professor a t M.I .T. , in theSpring I gave there a seminar series titled“Spaceflight via Maxwell’s Equations.”This series went into research-monographdetail on the subject of electromagneticmass-drivers, cove r ing acce l e r a t i on ,g u i d a n c e , m a s s - o p t i m i z a t i o n a n dapplications. The seminar-series is theb a s i s f o r a t e c h n i c a l b o o k n o w i npreparation.

During these months a working modelo f a m a s s - d r i v e r , w i t h t w o - m e t e racce l e r a t i on l eng th , was bu i l t by av o l u n t e e r g r o u p a t M . I . T . w i t h t h eguidance of Dr. Henry Kolm and myself.The model was tested successfully at the1977 Princeton Conference. An initialresearch grant to Princeton and M.I.T. wasgiven in Apri l by the Propulsion andP o w e r D i v i s i o n o f t h e O f f i c e o fA e r o n a u t i c s a n d S p a c e T e c h n o l o g y( O A S T ) a t N A S A H e a d q u a r t e r s . Aconsiderably larger grant, from NASA HQi n c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h N A S A - L e w i sResearch Center (LeRC) is in an advancedstage of discussion for the year beginningSept. 1977. The goal of that researchprogram is a spaceflight-qualified mass-driver reaction engine, to be assembled inspace from the Shuttle in the 1980’s. Givenfunding, the intermediate goal will be a 10-meter , synch ro t ron -mode d r ive r , i nvacuum with a superconducting carrier,targeted for 1,000 gravities accelerationa n d a p e a k v e l o c i t y o f 1 , 0 0 0kilometers/hour. The end-products of thisline of research are intended to be mass-

driver reaction engines able to lift 850-tonpayloads from low earth orbit to lunarorbit, us ing surplus Shut t le externaltankage as reaction mass, mass-drivers asasteroidal transfer engines, and as lunarmaterials launchers. One job opening inth i s p rog ram i s expec t ed t o ex i s t a tPrinceton as of Sept. ‘77, for a fresh Ph.D.with strong EE, Physics and Aerospacepreparation,

Television crews from WGBH-NOVA,planning a one-hour special in January1978. and from BBC-TV, planning threeone-hour specials for the Spring of 1978,attended the Conference and thoroughlydocumented the mass-driver tests. Ourk e y n o t e s p e a k e r t h i s y e a r w a sC o n g r e s s m a n D o n a l d F u q u a . a n dAmbassador Peter Jankowitsch, Chairmanof the United Nations Committee on thePeaceful Uses of Outer Space, delivered animportant address at the Conference. Withthe continued cooperation of AIAA, it isexpected that the next (1979) PrincetonConference will be explicitly internationalin character.

During these months Dr. O’Leary, DeanStephen Cheston of Georgetown and Ih a v e c o m p l e t e d t h e a s s e m b l y o f t h eA d v i s o r y P a n e l f o r t h e U . S . R . A .(Universities Space Research Association)Task Group on Large Space Structures,w h i c h I c h a i r . T h i s a d v i s o r y p a n e lcombines representation from a number ofconstituencies, including engineering,natural sciences, life sciences, humanities,o rgan ized l abo r , t he e l ec t r i c u t i l i t yindustry and the investment community.The first meeting of the Panel will be heldJuly 25-26 in California, timed for briefingon the results of the 1977 NASA Study (seebelow).

Dr. O’Neill’s main research area is high-e n e r g y p a r t i c l e p h y s i c s . I n 1 9 5 6 h einvented the storage-ring technique forcolliding particle beams, a method whichis now the basis for nearly every new high-e n e r g y m a c h i n e . H i s s t u d i e s o n t h ehumanization of space began in 1969 as ar e s u l t o f u n d e r g r a d u a t e t e a c h i n g a tPrinceton, and were first published in1974.

He is a pilot with ratings for gliders.land aircraft and instrument flight, and asa sailplane pilot holds an InternationalDiamond Badge in soaring. On most of histravels in connection with research andlectures he pilots a small airplane.

Dr. O’Neill was selected by the editors ofAviation Week as one of the 25 Americanswho contributed most to the developmentof the Aerospace field in the year 1975. Heis a member of the Advisory Board of theNational Air and Space Museum of theS m i t h s o n i a n I n s t i t u t i o n , a n d s e r v e sregularly on advisory boards and panelsrelated to advanced developments in space.

To support the development of spacem a n u f a c t u r i n g / s p a c e h a b i t a t s i n anumber of ways, a non-profit corporation,the Institute of Space Studies, Inc., is beingformed in Princeton, separate from theUniversity. Its title is not yet final, and as e p a r a t e a n n o u n c e m e n t o f t h eestablishment of the Institute will be madewithin the next months.

To: G. K. O’NeillInstitute of Space Studies, Inc.Box 82Princeton, N. J. 08540

Enclosed is a contribution of $ to a non-profit tax-deductible institution, toward supportof one year’s secretarial work or equipment needs of the Princeton space-studies group, not obtainable from University orGovernment sources.

(Block letters please) Name:Address:

16

more MARKETPLACEConference: The Industrializationof Space

San FranciscoOctober 18, 19, and 20

SELECTED PAPERS (PRELIMINARY)

(TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF LARGESPACE STRUCTURES)“Freedoms and Constraints in Solar PowerSatellite Designs;” Sperber and Zipursky;MIT. “Automated Space Fabrication ofS t r u c t u r a l E l e m e n t s ; ” E n g l e r ;NASA/MSFC. “ A N e a r T e r m S p a c eDemonstration for Large Structures;”Nathan; Grumman Aerospace. “SpaceConstruction-Near-Term Initiatives;”Woodcock; Boeing. “Space Constructionof Large Space Structures;” Mil ton;Lockheed Missiles & Space.( H I S T O R I C A L P R E C U R S O R S A N DANALOGS)“Space for People;” Sklarew; ScienceApplications, Inc. “Hidden Peri ls inGovernment Support of Space Activities;”Poole; Space Freeport Project. “Man andt h e S t a r s : A S u m m a r y ; ” G i l s o n ;C o n s u l t a n t . “ G o v e r n m e n t a l a n dIndustrial Roles in Initiation of SpaceIndustr ial izat ion;” St ine; Consul tant .“Expanding NASA’s Charter to FacilitateSpace Utilization;” Grodzka; LockheedMissiles. “Ene rgy Cr i s i s , A Hi s to ryLesson;” Sviedrys; Polytechnic Institute ofNew York. “Two Lessons from the Past:An Analysis of Government’s Role inD e v e l o p i n g S u p e r - E c o n o m i e s ; ”DeMandel; Consultant.( A D V A N C E D T R A N S P O R T A T I O NSYSTEMS)“ T h e S p a c e S h u t t l e , S t a t u s a n dUti l izat ion;” Thompson; NASA/JSC.“ A d v a n c e d L a u n c h V e h i c l e a n dT e c h n o l o g i e s ; ” B e l l ; R o c k w e l lInternational. “Ground Operations andConcepts for Future Space Activities;”

M c C o y ; N A S A / K S C . “ A H y b r i dC h e m i c a l - N u c l e a r S p a c e F r e i g h t e rConcept;” Kingsbury; McGill University.“The Interim Upper Stage;” Downey;Boeing. “Solar-Electric Propulsion andInter-Orbital Transportation;” Austin;NASA/MSFC. “ S p a c e F l i g h t w i t hM a g n e t i c A c c e l e r a t i o n ; ” O ’ N e i l l ;P r i n c e t o n U n i v e r s i t y . “ A N o n -Synchronous Orbital Skyhook;” Moravec,Stanford University.(ECONOMIC REALITIES)“Space Industrialization and the LongT e r m P r o s p e c t s f o r T e r r e s t r i a lCivilization;” Vajk; Science Applications,Inc. “Commercial Manufacturing on aSpace Station;” Geschwind; GrummanAerospace. “The Space Power Economy;”B e l d a v s ; C u m m i n s E n g i n e . “ A F r e eEnterprise Model for the Operation ofIndustrial Facilities in Space;” Sanders;International Investors’ Research andTechnology. “Space Industrialization --The Long Range View and the near andIntermediate Steps;” Gould; RockwellInternational. “The Space Industriali-zation Study at Science Applications,Inc.;” Sklarew; Science Applications.“ M a r k e t i n g T e c h n i q u e s a n d S p a c eIndustrialization;” Stine; Consultant.(SPACE COMMUNITY PLANNING)“Space Community Planning on a Down-to-Earth Context;” Mack and Esdale; SRIInternational. “If We Can Get Along atIdaho State, We Can Get Along in Space;”Mead et a l ; Idaho State U. “DesignPrinciples and Cultures;” Maruyama;University of Illinois. “Alternative SocialS t r u c t u r e s i n a V a c u u m ; ” B l u t h ;California State University at Northridge.“Weather or Not-Meteorology in a SpaceCylinder;” Ziegler; Polytechnic Institute ofNY. “Aesthetic Implications of the CrystalPalace Space Habitat;” Stuart; Consultant.“Entrepreneuria l Opportuni ty in theProvision of Community Services inSpace;” MacCallum. “Kids in Capsules --A Children’s Eye Perspective on BeingS p a c e d O u t ; ” C u l l i n a n . “ P u b l i c

Percept ions of the Space CommunityProgram;” R u d o f f ; S a n J o s e S t a t eUniversity. “Space Community Planningf r o m a V i e w p o i n t o f E x p e r i e n c e ; ”Heppenheimer; Max Planck Inst i tut ;“ F r o m t h e H i l t o n t o t h e H e a v e n s ; ”Cullinan; SRI.(PSYCHO-SOCIAL AND BIOLOGICALCONSIDERATIONS)“A Layman Looks at Life in Space;”Damren; Consultant. “Personal GrowthEducation for Space Colony Inhabitants;”Cutler ; Lockheed Missi les & Space.“Military Uses of Outer Space;” David;FASST. “ C u l t u r a l I m p l i c a t i o n s o fE x t r a t e r r e s t r i a l c o n t a c t a n d S p a c eColonization;” Urbanowicz; CaliforniaS t a t e U n i v e r s i t y a t C h i c o . “ T h ePsychological Effects of High OrbitalMigration;” Leary; Lecturer.(TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF SPACEHABITATION)“ H a b i t a t s i n S p a c e - A n U p d a t e ; ”Shettler, General Motors. “TechnologyRequirements for Closed-Ecology LifeSupport Systems Applicable to SpaceHabitats;” Spurlock; Georgia Institute ofTechno logy . “ M a g n e t i c R a d i a t i o nShielding for Permanent Space Habitats;”Paluszek; MIT. “Space Habitats at theEarth-Moon LaGrange Points;” Schutz;University of Texas. “Requirements ofOrbiting Facilities for Industrial SpaceProcessing;” Alvarado; GE. “Concept for aLunar/Orbital Logistics Support Stationand Training Facility;” Fedor.(COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGA-TION)“NAVSTAR Global Positioning SystemProgram Overview;” Meston; RockwellInternational. “The industrialization ofSpace;” Bekey; Aerospace Corporation.“Public Service Satellite Communica-tions, Where We Are and Where We AreGoing;” Lipke; Comsat General. “SpaceIndustr ial izat ion: Education;” Joels;NASA/Ames. “Assembly in Space of LargeCommunication Structures;” Zylius andEhrlich; Rockwell International

O’Neill Fund appeal (continued) devote considerable time to typing nearly s m a l l o r l a r g e r t a x - d e d u c t i b l eall my own letters myself, and to other contributions

As our work has grown, though, a secretarial and clerical work. Possibly I acknowledge with particular gratitudeserious problem has grown with it. We t h r o u g h t h e m e c h a n i s m o f t h e n e w the contributions made in support of ourdevote practically all of our research grant Institute now being formed, I would very work during the past several months bymoney, considerably as it has grown, to much like by September ‘77 to bring in a Mr. Will iam O’Boyle and Mr. Davidmaterials, labor and other costs directly full-time secretarial assistant. We cannot Hannah. It is indeed a great pleasure toconnected with the technical research. a s k g o v e r n m e n t f u n d i n g f o r s u c h a report so much progress, and there is everyDepartmental restrictions prevent our position, and I would like to find whether reason to believe that our cooperative effortincreasing our s taff beyond one very the re i s a b road -based suppor t f o r will be equally exciting in the monthsoverworked secretary, and as a result I providing the necessary salary through ahead.


Paul Siegler

The “Industrialization of Space” will bethe biggest, most exciting conference heldon solar power satellites, space industriesand settlements. The speakers and topicsdiscussed will be remarkably eclectic.Organizer Siegler, a free enterprise buff,Harvard Business School graduate andfounder of Earth/Space, Inc., has pulledtogether NASA officials , corporationexecu t i ve s , c o l l e g e p r o f e s s o r s a n dmavericks, all of whom are working on aconstellation of space projects.

Siegler promises audience interactionwith all the speakers in lengthy questionand answer sessions, as well as informalget-togethers where those of us in the NewSpace Program can meet and get to knoweach other.

As anthropologist Magoroh Maruyamahas observed, “As members of L-5 Societyg e t t o k n o w o n e a n o t h e r a t v a r i o u sconferences and meetings, it has becomeclear that L-5 Society has a colorfulassortment of different personalities.”(Colorful Personalities, August ‘77, L-5News.) People attending this conferencecan meet fascinating personalities rangingfrom the cultured and articulate GerardO ’ N e i l l , t h e b o i s t e r o u s T . A .Heppenheimer (get h im to s ing “TheHigh Frontier” for you!) to the legendaryTim Leary -- not to mention your belovedL-5 News editor, me. Hope to meet youthere. -Carolyn Henson

P . S . D o n ’ t f o r g e t t o t a k e t h e L - 5member’s discount when filling out yourapplication.

T h e S u m m e r 1 9 7 7 A I A A S t u d e n tJournal features -- you guessed it -- spacesettlements. It includes articles by JerryGrey, Gerard O’Neill, Leonard David,Brian O’Leary, and Rusty Schweickart.Copies are available for $1.00 for membersof the AIAA; $5.00 for nonmembers, from:

J. Jeffry IronsDirector of Student ProgramsAIAA1290 Avenue of the AmericasNew York, N.Y. 10019

CONFERENCE TACKLES “PEOPLE PROBLEMS’

The “people problems” o f spacesettlements will be delved into in detail forthe first time in this conference. Followingis the abstract for one of the papers in theP s y c h o - S o c i a l a n d B i o l o g i c a lConsiderations session:

T H E P S Y C H O L O G I C A LEFFECTS OF HIGHORBITAL MIGRATIONby Timothy Leary

In the 16th Century the Old World facedthe challenging opportunity of colonizinga vast and rich New World.

Two psycho-social systems-which wesha l l c a l l t he Ang lo -Ce l t i c and theMediterranean-set up civil izat ions inN o r t h A m e r i c a a n d S o u t h A m e r i c arespectively. The differences between theset w o e x p e r i m e n t s p r o v i d e i n t e r e s t i n gperspectives for anticipating what willhappen in the next few decades as thelimitless riches of post-terrestrial spaceattract Old World social competition.

1. The Anglo-Celt ic psycho-socialmode l i s ba sed upon ind iv idua l i sm,democratic rule, open communication,f ree mobi l i ty , p lu ra l i ty o f l i f e s ty le ,personal growth, tolerance of difference,competition, encouragement of invention,e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n a n d c r e a t i v i t y ,decentral izat ion, distrust of mil i taryauthority, private enterprise and free-market exchange.

2. The Mediterranean model (derivedf r o m O r i e n t a l a n d M i d d l e - e a s t e r nphilosophies) emphasized: subordinationof the individual to authoritarian rule,r e s t r i c t i o n o f c o m m u n i c a t i o n(censorship), restriction of movement,c o n t r o l l e d u n i f o r m i t y o f l i f e - s t y l e ,discouragement of personal growth, rigidmaintenance of tradition, state monopoly,distrust of the inventive experimentala p p r o a c h , g l o r i f i c a t i o n o f m i l i t a r yc o n t r o l , c en t r a l i z a t i on . co l l ec t iveenterprise, obedience to bureaucracy,suppression of difference.

A brief examination of the evolution ofthese two social models in South andNor th Amer i ca p rov ides i n s t ruc t i vesuggestions f o r t h e f u t u r e o f S p a c eColonization.

T h e t e c h n o l o g i c a l a n d e c o n o m i cchallenges for permanent High OrbitalM i n i - E a r t h s a p p e a r t o h a v e b e e na d e q u a t e l y m e t . T h e f u t u r e o f p o s t -terrestrial colonization now depends on

resolving the software issues: mobilizationo f p u b l i c o p i n i o n s u p p o r t i n g t h emigration; economic access to resourcesavailable; political and cultural control;the psycho-social models and metaphors toguide life in the New Worlds.

It will be suggested that the best way toavoid the South Americanization of Space(i.e. t he emergence o f c iv i l - s e rv i cebureaucracies, military dictatorships, classs t rugg l e , c e n t r a l i z e d m o n o p o l i e s ,imposition of standardized life-styles) is tore-examine the specific factors which led tothe success of the North American model.We shal l reexamine the emphasis ofindividuality, t h e o p e n i n v i t a t i o n t omigrants from every continent, the opencommunication which made possible aUnited States-as well as a review of theobvious mistakes made by the NorthAmerican pioneers.

The Space Set t lement program wil lmost gracefully harness the Americanimag ina t i on ( and t he a sp i r a t i ons o ffreedom loving people throughout theplanet) if a deliberate attempt is made torecall, renew, reinvigorate and repeat thesuccessful aspects of the Jeffersonian-Edisonian model. Among these factors arethe frontier expansive spirit, the westernhero-heroine, the small group seeking tol i v e o u t a n e w v i s i o n , t h e n e e d f o radventure and calculated risk, the geneticimperative, the melting-pot open societymystique.

Simple and effective ways of counteringcentralized bureaucratic rule will also bereviewed.

18

more MARKETPLACEL-5/AIAA/AAS CONFERENCE ON THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF SPACE

PRE-REGISTRATION FORM

The following registration fees will be used at the conference.

Member Non-member StudentThree days including banquet $50 $70 $20Three days without banquet $46 $60 $10Per day $20 $25Banquet only $15 $15 $10

Special member rates apply to members of any of the sponsoring organizations. (See next page for sponsors) Membership must beverifiable.

Special student rates apply to full-time students only. Student status must be verifiable.

Special rate for spouse: $15 includes registration and banquet.

Non-members may apply $10 of the three day registration fee towards membership in the American Astronautical Society.

I plan to attend the conference.

Please register me for 18 October 19 October 20 October

Number Rate Total

Three days including banquet

Three days without banquet

Per day

Banquet only

Because the facilities are limited in capacity, pre-register early. Send check or money order (payable to American Astronautical Society)with this form to:

AAS ConferenceP.O. Box 7205Menlo Park, Cal. 94025

NAME

COMPANY SPONSOR MEMBERSHIP

ADDRESS STATE ZIP

HOTEL RESERVATIONS

Please forward the following reservation request to the Airport Hilton Hotel in my behalf:

Arrival date T i m e

Departure date

Single $26 plus 5% tax

Double $33 plus 5% tax

Twin $33 plus 5% tax

( ) Please send me information on other hotels in the area.

NAME

NAME

COMPANY

ADDRESS

Z I P

AAS Conference PO Box 7205 Menlo Park, Claifornia 94025


What’s Available from the L-5 Society?Books:

The Hunger of Eve, A Woman’s OdysseyToward the Future, Barbara Marx HubbardStackpole Books, Hardbound. 1976

The High Frontier: Human Colonies in Space,Gerard K. O’NeillWilliam Morrow & Co., Hardbound. 1977

Colonies in Space, T. A. HeppenheimerStackpole Books, Hardbound. 1977

The Fourth Kingdom, William J. SauberAquari Corp., Hardbound. 1975

War and Space, Robert SalkeldPrentice-Hall, Inc., Unbound copy, 1970

Exopsychology, Timothy LearyPeace Press, Paperback. 1977

Colonies in Space, Frederic GoldenHarcourt Brace Jovanovich, Hardbound. 1977

Back Issues:

L-5 News, Volume l:l-16, Volume 2:1-6

Complete set of back issues

Posters:

Bernal Sphere Interior14” x 22” full color

Bernal Sphere Exterior14” x 22” full color

B l

B2

B3

B4

B5

B6

B7

BI #

BIA

PO1

PO2

$ 8.00

$ 8.00

$12.00

$ 6.00

$ 7.00

$ 8.00

$ 8.00

$ 1.00

$22.00

$ 2.00

$ 2.00

Pioneer Xl in the Rings of SaturnAdolph Schaller17” x 22” full color

Postcards:

PO3 $ 3.00

Bernal Sphere Interiorpackage of 50

PC1 $ .15BPCl $ 3.00

Bernal Sphere Exteriorpackage of 50

PC2 $ .15B P C 2 $ 3 . 0 0

Reprints:

‘Satellite Power Stations,” William C. Brown,IEEE Spectrum, March, 1973.

“Colonies in Space,” Time, June 3, 1974.

“Colonization of Space,” Richard M. Reiss.Mercury, July/August, 1974.

“The Colonization of Space,” Gerard K.O’Neill, Physics Today, September, 1974.

“Lagrangia: Pioneering is Space,” Gerard K.O’Neill, Science News, September 21, 1974

“An Orbiting Solar Power Station,”Sky and Telescope, April, 1975

“Colonizing the Heavens,” Isaac Asimov.Saturday Review, June 28, 1975.

“The Garden of Feasibility,” GwynethCravens, Harper’s Magazine, August, 1975

“Space Colonies and Energy Supply to theEarth,” Gerard K. O’Neill,Science, December 5, 1975

“Wireless Power Transmission,”John F. Mason,Electronic Design, December 6, 1975

“Colonies in Space,” Ron Chernow,Smithsonian, February, 1976

“Moon Mines, Space Factories, and ColonyL-5,” Michael Guillen, Science News,August 21, 1976 P 1 2

“Engineering a Space Manufacturing Center,”Gerard K. O’Neill, Astronautics andAeronautics, October, 1976 P13

“The Impact of Space Colonization on WorldDynamics,” J. Peter Vajk, TechnologicalForecasting and Social Change, 1976

Complete set of reprinted articles

P l

P2

P3

P4

P 5

P 6

P 7

P 8

P9

P l 0

P l l

P14

C P 1 5

$ 1.00

$ .37

$ .86

$ .93

$ .37

$ 5 1

$ .65

$ .79

$ .65

$ .44

$ .86

$ .44

$ 1.00

$ 2.38

$11.25

T-SHIRT TRANSFER

“EARTH FROM SPACE”

Four color process T-Shirt Transfer,8 x 11. Actually dyes into thematerial as it is ironed-on. Won’tpeel off!

This is a full color reproduction of aN A S A p h o t o g r a p h , w i t h t h econtinent of Africa, the Red Sea andSaudi Arabia clearly visible.

$1.50 each

20

more MARKETPLACE

21

Ordered By:

Ship To:

Catalog Quantity Description

Postage & handling

Additional Postage for 1st Class / Air Mail / Other -- Specify

L-5 SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP FORM (please type or print)

Membership active/inactive regular ($20/year) student ($10/year) new/renewal

INVOICE NUMBER

DATE RECEIVED

CUSTOMER P.O.

ORDER FILLED

DATE SHIPPED

METHOD

NAME:

ADDRESS:

CITY/STATE/Z IP :

AFFIL IATION/T ITLE OR POSIT ION:

(OPTIONAL)

l am- - am not interested in being active locally. Phone (optional) -__ Please enroll me as a member of L-5 Society ($20 per year regular, $10 per year for students). A check or money order is

enclosed. (Membership includes L-5 News, $3 to members; the balance -- $17 or $7 -- is a tax-deductible donation.)

__ Please enter the above as a nonmember L-5 News subscriber ($20 per year). A check or purchase order is enclosed.

__ Enclosed find a donation of $ . (Donations to L-5 Society are tax-deductible.)

Send orders to: L-5 Society PLEASE ALLOW THREE TO FOUR WEEKS FOR DELIVERY.

1620 North Park Avenue FOR RUSH ORDERS CALL SHIPPING HOT LINE, 602-622-6351

Tucson, AZ 85719 L-5 News, September, 1977

Space Events

RecordingsGood quality audio recordings of events

concerning space industrialization andspace set t lements are now availablethrough: Dawntreader, 3754 Maplewood,Los Angeles, Ca. 90066.

“1977 NASA/Ames Summer StudyTechnical Briefing and Press Conference.”Unedited, 4.5 hours (3 at 90 minutes),$50.00; edited, 1 hour (1, 60 minutes),$12.00.

FINAL BRIEFING (CONDENSED)SYNOPSIS

INTRODUCTION: John Bi l l inghamintroduces Gerard O’Neill.

OVERVIEW: Gerard O’NeillREGENERATIVE LIFE SUPPORT:

Jack Spurlock. Defini t ion, part ial V S .

complete systems, options in completesystems, directions for research/conclu-sions.

HABITAT DESIGN: John Shet t ler .Near term possibilities, Space Gateway“Corporation” timetable, conclusions. EdBock: long term possibilities, additionalenvironmental factors, e a r t h n o r m a lc o n d i t i o n s v s . s p a c e c o n c l u s i o n s ,recommendations for research. END SIDEO N E

MASS DRIVERS: Gerard O’Neil l .Defini t ion, descript ion of lunar massdriver, R&D program, cost, conclusions.

ASTEROID RESOURCES: MichaelGaffey. Definition and number of nearearth, composition, recommendations.Brian O’Leary: conclusions.

N O N T E R R E S T R I A L E X T R A C -TION: Ted Bunch. Kinds of lunar ores,byproducts, mining processes . DayeniR a e : c o n c l u s i o n . D a v i d C r i s w e l l :conclusion.

PANEL DISCUSSION: John Shettler.Psychological impact of habitat. GerardO’Ne i l l : need fo r b road base pub l i csupport. Gerard O’Neill, Stanley Sadin:possible other applications.

“California Space Day.” Unedited, 6hours (6 at 60 minutes), $50.00; edited 1.5hours (1, 90 minutes), $12.00.

20% of gross sales will be donated to theL-5 Society.

All cassettes will be high quality Dolbyencoded. Please specify if Dolby NR notdesired. All shipments will be sent firstclass or UPS. For reel to reel please add 50%to list price.

WANTED: Back issues 1:13, 2:1, and 2:2 ingood condition. Please send price to M.Mahaffey, 118 Colorado Dyess AFB, Texas79607.

“Life Beyond Earth” CourseA study of the possibilities of human --

and non-human -- life in the universeoutside the confines of our planet will bethe topic of a nine-evening continuingeducation course this fall sponsored byUniversity Extension at the University ofCalifornia, San Diego.

Titled “Life Beyond Earth,” the coursewill be held 7-10 p.m. Thursdays, Sept. 29 -Dec. 1 in the Lecture Hall of the Reuben H.Fleet Space Theatre and Science Center, inBalboa Park, San Diego. The fee is $61.

Instructor Frank Mortyn, a sciencewriter and lecturer, notes that even now thecosmos is being probed both by human

explorers and by i ngen ious dev i ce sinvented to search for evidence of life inouter space. In his University Extensionc o u r s e , M o r t y n w i l l d i s c u s s t h eimplications of this search for the humanfuture, what we already know about theconditions for life in space, how radiocontact can be established, what formsaliens may take, and space colonies in orbitaround the earth.

For information on course enrollment,call University Extension at UC San Diegoat (714) 452-3400 and request that an“Explore” catalog of courses be mailed freeof charge.

a unique lecture and program bureau dedicated to newideas, new horizons, and the creation of better worlds . . .offering provocative and entertaining programs on thefuture by leading futurists, scientists, philosophers, andwriters . . .

The Conscious Creation of the Future

Timothy Leary: The Creation of the futureCarol Rosin: Techno-Treks -- The Change Game and You

Multi-Dimensional Scenarios of the FutureF. M. Esfandiary: Age of Breakthroughs -- The Next 25 Years

Space Migration and ColonizationJ. Peter Vajk: Not Earth Apart From SpaceKeith Henson: Enterprise -- The Next Generation of

BillionairesJames Oberg: Ranging the Universe -- Interplanetary

to Interstellar Travel

UFO’s and the Search for Extra-terrestrial IntelligenceJ. Allen Hynek: The UFO Experience -- A Scientific InquiryRobert Anton Wilson: Contact With Higher Intelligence

New Views on the Nature of RealityFritjof Capra: The Tao of Physics

Life Extension and the Prospect of ImmortalitySaul Kent: Life Against Death

Multiply your options. . .Participate in the creation of your future. . .For more information on the scope and availability of our programs,write or phone:Jay Levey, Future Presentations, 1000 Westmount Drive, Suite 201,Los Angeles, California 90069 (213) 652-3039

22

(Courtesy our Martian correspondent)

l-5 news - space.nss.orgspace.nss.org/media/l5-news-1977-09.pdf · best returns form our...

Documents