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PHYSICS

B.Sc.I

OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE

The undergraduate training in Physics is aimed at providing the necessary inputs so as to set forth the task of bringing about new and innovative indeas/concepts so that the formulated model curricula in physics becomes in tune with the changing scenario and incorporate new and rapid advancements and multi disciplinary skills, societal relevance, global interface, self sustaining and supportive learning. It is desired that under graduate i.e. B.Sc. level besides grasping the basic concepts of physics should in addition have broader vision. Therefore, they should be exposed to societal interface of physics and role of physics in the development of technologies.

EXAMINATION SCHEME:

1. There shall be 2 theory papers of 3 hours duration each and one practical paper of 4 hours duration. Each paper shall carry 50 marks.

2. Numerical problems of at least 30% will compulsorily be asked in each theory paper.

3. In practical paper, each student has to perform two experiments, one from each group as listed in the list of experiments.

4. Practical examination will be of 4 hours duration-one experiment to be completed in 2 hours.

The distribution of practical marks will be as follows:

Experiment : 15 + 15 = 30

Viva Voce : 10

Internal assessment : 10

5. The external examiner should ensure that at least 16 experiments are in working order at the time of examination and submit a certificate to this effect.


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PHYSICS

B.Sc.I

PAPER - I

MECHANICS, OSCILLATIONS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

UNIT-1

Laws of motion, motion in a uniform field, components of velocity and acceleration

T-1 in different coordinate systems. (Cartesian, Cylindrical and Spherical) uniformly

rotating frame, centripetal acceleration, Coriolis force and its applications. Motion

under a central force, Kepler's laws. Gravitational law and field. Potential due to a

spherical body. System of particles, center of mass, equation of motion, conservation

of linear & angular momentum, conservation of energy.

UNIT-2

Rigid body notion, rotational motion, moments of inertia and their products,

principal moments & axes, Introductory idea of Euler's equations. potential well and

periodic oscillations, case of harmonic small oscillations, differential equation and

its solution, kinetic and potential energy, examples of simple harmonic oscillations,

spring and mass system, simple and compound pendulum, torsional pendulam.

UNIT-3

Bifilar oscillations, helmholtz resonator, LC circuit, vibrations of a magnet,

oscillations of two masses connected by a spring. Superpostion of two simple

harmonc motions of the same frequency, Lissajous figures, case of different

frequencies. Damped harmonc oscillator', power dissipation, quality factor,

examples, driven (forced) B.Sc.-I (14) harmonic oscillator, transient and steady

states, power absorption, resonance. Note : (The emphasis here should be on the

mechanical aspects and not on the details of the apparatus mentioned, which are

indicated as applications of principles involved)

UNIT-4

E as an UNIT-4 accelerating field, electron gun, case of discharge tube, linear

accelerator, E as deflecting field- CRO sensitivity, Transverse B field, 180o

deflection, mass spectrograph, curvatures of tracks for energy determination,

principle of a cyclotron. Mutually perpendicular E and B fields-velocity selector, its

resolution. Parallel E and B fields, positive ray parabolas, discovery of isotopes,

elements of mass spectrography, principle of magnetic focussing (lens.)

UNIT-5

Elasticity, small deformations, Hooke's law elastic constants for an isotropic solid

and relations between them beams supported at both the ends, cantilever, torsion of

cylinder, bending moments and shearing forces. Kinematics of moving fluids,

equations of continuity. Euler's equation, Benaulli's theorem, viscous fluids,

steamline and turbulent flow. Poiseulle's law. Capillary tube flow, Reynold's

number, Stokes law, surface tension and surface energy, molecular interpretation of

surface tension, pressure on a curved liquids surface, wetting.

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS :

E M purcell, Ed Berkely physics course vol.

Mechanics (Mc. Gr. Hill) R P Feynman, R B lighton and M Sands,

The Feynman lectures in physics, vol I (B) publications, Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta,

and Madras

D P Khandelwal, Oscillations and waves (Himalaya Publishing House Bombay)

R. K. Ghosh, The Mathematics of waves and vibrations (Macmillan 1975).

J.C. Upadhyaya- Mechanics (Hindi and English Edition.)

D.S. Mathur- Mechanics and properties of matter.

Brij lal and subramanium- Osccillations and waves. Resnick and Halliday- Volume I


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PHYSICS

B.Sc.I

PAPER - II

ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

UNIT-1

Functions of two and three variables, partial derivatives, geometrical interpretation

of partial derivatives of functions of two variables. Total differential of a function of

two and three variables. Repeated integrals of a function of more than one variable,

definition of a double and triple integral. Scalars and vectors, dot and cross products,

triple vector product, gradient of a scalar field and its geometrical interpretation,

divergnence and curl of a vector field, line, surface and volume integrals, flux of a

vector field. Gauss's divergence theorem, Green's theorem and Stokes theorm.

UNIT-2

Columbs law in vacuum expressed in Vector forms calculations of E for simple

UNIT-2 distributions of charges at rest, dipole and quadrupole fields. Work done on

a charge in a electrostatic field expressed as a line integral, conservative nature of

the electrostatic field. Electric potential φ φ , r r E = −∇ , torque on a dipole in a

uniform electric field and its energy, flux of the electric field, Gauss's law and its

application for finding E for symmetric charge distributions, Gussian pillbox ?

Fields at the surface of a conductor screening of E field by a conductor, capacitors,

B.Sc.-I (15) electrostatic field energy, force per unit area of the surface of a

conductor in an electric field, conducting sphere in a uniform electric field, point

charge in front of a grounded infinite conductor.

UNIT-3

Dielectrics parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric, electric susceptibility,

permittivity and dielectric constant, polarization and polarization vector,

displacement vector r D, molecular interpretation of Claussius- Mossotti equation.

Steady current, current density J, non-steady curents and continuity equation,

kirchoff's law and analysis of multiloop circuits, rise and decay of current in LR and

CR circuits, decay constants, transients in LCR circuits, AC circuits, complex

numbers and their applications in solving AC circuit problems, complex impedance

and reactance, series and parallel resonance, Q factor, power consumed by an a AC

circuit, power factor,.

UNIT-4

Force on a moving charge, Lorentz force equation and definition of B, force on a

straight conductor carrying current in a uniform magnetic field, torque on a current

loop, magnetic diploe moment, angular momentum and gyromagnetic ratio. r r r r ∇⋅

= ∇× = BO B J , . μ Biot and Savart's law, Ampere's law field due to a magnetic

dipole, magnetization current, magnetization vector, magnetic permeability (Linear

cases), interpretation of a bar magnet as a surface distribution of sinusoidal current.

UNIT-5

Electromagnetic induction, Faraday's law, electromotive force, ε = z E.dr, integral

and differential forms of Faraday's law Mutual and self inductance, Transformers,

energy in a static magnetic field. Maxwell's displacement current, Maxwells'

equations, electromagnetic field energy density. The wave equation satisfied by E

and B, plane electromagnetic waves in vacuum, Poyning's vector.

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOK :

Berkeley Physics Course, Electricity and Magnetism, Ed. E.M. Purcell (Mc Graw -

Hill)

Halliday and Resnik, Physics, Vol. 2

D J Grifith, Introduction to Electrodynamics (Prentice-Hall of India)

Raitz and Milford, Electricity and Magnetism (Addison-Wesley)

A S Mahajan and A A Rangwala, Electricity and Magnetism (Tata Mc Graw-hill)

A M Portis, Electromagnetic fields.

Pugh & Pugh, Principles of Electricity and Magnetism (Addison-Wesley)

Panofsky and Phillips, Classical Electricity and Magnetism, (India Book House)

S S Atwood, Electricity and Magnetism (Dover).


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PHYSICS

B.Sc.I

PRACTICALS

Minimum 16 (Eight from each group)

EXPERMENTS OUT OF THE FOLLOWING OR SIMILAR EXPERIMENTS OF

EQUAL STANDARD

GROUP-A

1. Study of laws of parallel and perpendicular axes for moment of inertia.

2. Study of conservation of momentum in two dimensional oscillations.

3. Study of a compound pendulum.

4. Study of damping of a bar pendulum underr various mechanics.

5. Study of oscillations under a bifilar suspension.

6. potential energy curves of a 1- Double system and oscillations in it for various

amplitudes.

7. Study of oscillations of a mass under different combinations of springs.

8. Study of bending of a cantilever or a beam.

9. Study of torsion of wire (static and dynamic methods)

10. Study of flow of liquids through capillaries.

11. Determination of surface tension of a liquid by different methods.

12. Study of viscosity of a fluid by different methods.

GROUP-B

1. Characteristics of a baillistic galvanomenter.

2. Setting up and using an electroscope or electrometer.

3. Use of a vibration magnetometer to study a field.

4. Study of B field due to a current.

5. Measurement of low resistance by Carey-Foster bridge or otherwise.

6. Measurement of inductance using impedance at different frequencies.

7. Study of decay of currents in LR and RC circuits.

8. Response curve for LCR circuit and resopapce frequence and quality factor.

9. Sensitivity of a cathode-ray oscilloscope.

10. Characteristics of a choke.

11. Measurement of inductance.

12. Study of Lorentz force.

13. Study of discrete and continuous LC transmission lines.

14. Elementary Fortran programs, flowcharts and their interpretation.

15. To find the product of two matrices.

16. Numerical solution of equation of motion.

17. To find the roots of quadratic equation.

TEXT AND REPERENCE BOOKS:

B saraf et al Mechanical Systems (Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi) D.P.

Khandelwal,

A Laboratory Manual of Physics for Undergraduate classes (Vani Publication

House, New Delhi)

C G Lambe Elements of Statistics (Longmans Green and Co London New York,

Toronto)

C Dixon, Numerical Analysis. S Lipsdutz and A Poe, Schaum's Outline of theory

and problems of programming with fortran (MC Graw-Hill Book Company,

Singapore 1986)


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PHYSICS

B.Sc.II

Objectives : Present course is aimed to provide ample knowledge of basics

of physics which are relevant to the understanding of modern trends in

higher physics. The first paper is aimed at preparing the background of

thermodynamics and statistical physics essential for any advanced study of

physics of condensed matter and radiations. The second paper is mainly

concerned with a course on geometrical and Physical optics and the laser

Physics. It deals with important phenomenon like inter-ference, diffraction

and polarisation with stress on the basic nature of light. It also introduces the

basics of laser physics with some of its important applications. The

experiments are based mostly on the contents of the theory papers so as to

provide comprehensive insight of the subject.

Scheme of Examination :

1. There shall be two theory papers of 3 hours duration each and one

practical paper of 4 hours duration. Each paper shall carry 50 marks.

2. Each theory paper will comprise of 5 units. Two questions will be set from

each unit and the student will have the choice to answer one out of two.

3. Numerical problems of about 30 percent will compulsorily be asked in

each theory paper.

4. In practical paper each students has to perform experiments during

examination.

5. Practical examination will be of 4 hours duration. The distribution of

practical marks will be as follows :

Experiments : 15 + 15 = 30

Viva-Voce : 10

Internal Assessment : 10


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PHYSICS

B.Sc.II

PAPER - I

THERMODYNAMICS, KINETIC THEORY AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS

UNIT-I

The laws of thermodynamics : The Zeroth law, concept of path function and point

function, various indicator diagrams, work done by and on the system, first law of

thermodynamics, internal energy as a state function, reversible and irreversible

change, carnot theorem and the second law of thermodynamics. Different versions of

the second law. Claussius theorem inequality. Entropy, Change of entropy in simple

cases (i) Isothermal expansion of an ideal gas (ii) Reversible isochoric process (iii)

Free adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas. Entropy of the universe. Principle of

increase of entropy. The thermodynamic scale of temperature, its identity with the

perfect gas scale. Impossibility of attaining the absolute zero, third law of

thermodynamics.

UNIT-II

Thermodynamic relationships: Thermodynamic variables, extensive and intensive,

Maxwell's general relationships, application to Joule-Thomson cooling and adiabatic

cooling in a general system, Van der Waals gas, Clausius - Clapeyron heat equation.

B.Sc.-II (17) Thermodynamic potentials and equilibrium of thermodynamical

systems, relation with thermodynamical variables. Cooling due to adiabatic

demagnetization, production and measurement of very low temperatures. Blackbody

radiation : Pure temperature dependence, Stefan-Boltzmann law, pressure of

radiation, Special distribution of BB radiation, Wien's displacement law, Rayleigh-

Jean's law, the ultraviolet catastrophy, Planck's quantum postulates, Planck's law,

complete fit with experiment.

UNIT-III

Maxwellien distribution of speeds in an ideal gas : Distribution of speeds and of

velocities, experimental verification, distinction between mean, rms and most

probable speed values. Doppler broadening of spectral lines. Transport phenomena

in gases : Molecular collisions, mean free path and collision cross sections.

Estimates of molecular diameter and mean free path. Transport of mass, momentum

and energy and interrelationship, dependence on temperature and pressure.

Liquifaction of gases : Boyle temperature and inversion temperature. Principle of

regenerative cooling and of cascade cooling, liquifaction of hydrogen and helium.

Refrigeration cycles, meaning of efficiency.

UNIT-IV

The statistical basis of thermodynamics : Probability and thermodynamic

probability, principle of equal a priori probabilities, statistical postulates. Concept of

Gibb's ensemble, accessible and inaccessible states. Concept of phase space,

canonical phase space, Gamma phase space and mu phase space. Equilibrium before

two systems in thermal contact, probability and entropy, Boltzmann entropy relation.

Boltzmann canonical distribution law and its applications, law of equipartition of

energy. Transition to quantum statistics : 'h' as a natural constant and its

implications, cases of particle in a one-dimensional box and one-dimensional

harmonic oscillator.

UNIT-V

Indistinguishability of particles and its consequences, Bose-Einstein & Fermi-Dirac

conditions, Concept of partition function, Derivation of Maxwell-Boltzmann,

BoseEinstein and Fermi-Dirac Statistics Through Canonical partion function. Limits

of B.E. and F-D statistics to M-B statistics. Application of BE statistics to black

body radiation, Application of F-D statistics to free electrons in a metal.


1. B.B. Laud, "Introduction to Statistical Mechanics" (Macmillan 1981)

2. F. Reif : "Statistical Physics" (Mcgraw-Hill, 1998).

3. K, Haung : "Statatistical Physics" (Wiley Eastern, 1988).

4. Thermal and statistical Physics : R.K. Singh, Y.M. Gupta and S. Sivraman

5. Physics (Part-2) : Editor, Prof : B.P. Chandra, M.P. Hindi Granth Academy.


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PHYSICS

B.Sc.II

PAPER - II

WAVES, ACOUSTICS AND OPTICS

UNIT-I

Waves in media UNIT-I : Speed of transverse vaves on a uniform string, speed of

longitudinal vaves in a fluid, energy density and energy transmission in waves,

typical B.Sc.-II (18) measurements. Waves over liquid surface : gravity waves and

ripples. Group velocity and phase velocity, their measruements. Harmonics and the

quality of sound ; examples. Production and detection of ultrasonic and infrasonic

waves and applications. Reflection, refraction and diffraction of sound : Acoustic

impedance of a medium, percentage reflection & refraction at a boundary,

impedence matching for transducers, diffraction of sound, principle of a sonar

system, sound ranging.

UNIT-II

Fermat's Principle of extremum path, the aplanatic points of a sphere and other

applications. Cardinal points of an optical system, thick lens and lens combinations.

Lagrange equation of magnification, telescopic combinations, telephoto leneses.

Monochromatic aberrations and their reductions ; aspherical mirrors and schmidt

corrector plates, aplanatic points, oil imersion objectives, meniscus lens. Optical

instruments : Entrance and exit pupils, need for a multiple lens eyepiece, common

types of eyepieces. (Ramsdon and Hygen's eyepieces)

UNIT-III

In UNIT-III terference of light : The principle of superpositions, two slit

interference, coherence requirement for the sources, optical path retardations, lateral

shift of fringes, Rayleigh refractometer Localised fringes ; thin films. Haldinger

fringes : fringes of equal indination. Michelson interferometer, its application for

precision defermination of wavelength, wavelength difference and the width of

spectral lines, Twymann. Green interferometer and its uses, intensify distribution in

multiple beam interference. Tolansky fringes, Fabry-Perot interferometer and etalon.

UNIT-IV

Fresnel half-period zones, plates, straight edge, rectilinear propagation, Fraunhefer

diffraction : Diffraction at a slit, half-period zones, phasor diagram and integral

calculus methods, the intensity distribution, diffraction at a circular aperture and a

circular disc, resolution of images, Rayleigh criterion, resolving power of telescope

and microscopic systems. Diffraction gratings : Diffraction at N parellel slits,

intensity distribution, plane diffraction grating, relection grating and blazed gratings,

Concave grating and different mountings, resolving power of a grating and

comparison with resolving powers of prism and of a Fabry-Perot etalon. Double

refraction and optical rotation : Refraction in uniaxial crystals, Phase retardation

plates, double image prism. Rotation of plane of polarisation, origin of optical

rotation in liquids and in crystals.

UNIT-V

Laser system : Purity of a spectral line, coherence length and coherence time, spatial

coherence of a source, Einstein's A and B coefficients, Spontaneous and induced

emissions, conditions for laser action, population inversion, Types of Laser : Ruby

and, He-Ne and Semiconductor lasers. Application of lasers : Application in

communication, Holography and non linear optics. (Polarization P including higher

order terms in E and generation of harmonics).


1. A.K. Ghatak, 'Physical Optics'

2. D.P. Khandelwal, Optical and Atomic Physics' (Himalaya Publishing House,

Bombay, B.Sc.-II (19) 1988)

3. K.D. Moltev ; 'Optics' (Oxford University Press)

4. Sears : 'Optics'

5. Jenkins and White : 'Fundamental of Optics' (McGraw-Hill)

6. B.B. Laud : Lasers and Non-linear Optics (Wiley Eastern 1985)

7. Smith and Thomson : 'Optics' (John Wiley and Sons)

8. Berkely Physics Courses : Vol.-III, 'Waves and Oscilations'

9. I.G. Main, 'Vibratiens and Waves' (Cambridge University Press)

10. H.J. Pain : 'The Physics of Vibrations and Waves' (MacMillan 1975)

11. Text Book of Optics : B.K. Mathur

12. B.Sc. (Part III) Physics : Editor : B.P. Chandra, M.P. Hindi Granth Academy.

13. F. Smith and J.H. Thomson, Manchester Physics series : optics (English

language book soeiety and Jehu wiley, 1577)

14. Bern and Woif : 'Opties'.


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PHYSICS

B.Sc.II

PRACTICALS

Minimum 16 (Sixteen) out of the following or similar experiments of equal

standard.

1. Study of Brownian motion

2. Study of adiabatic expansion or a gas.

3. Study of conversion of mechanical energy into heat.

4. Heating efficiency of electrical kettle with varying voltages.

5. Study of temperature dependence of total radiation.

6. Study of termperature dependence of spectral density of radiation.

7. Resistance thermometry.

8. Thermoemf thermometry.

9. Conduction of heat through poor conductors of different geometries.

10. Experimental study of probability distribution for a two-option system using a

coloured dice.

11. Study of statistical distributions on nuclear distintergration data (GM Counter

used as a black box)

12. Speed of waves on a stretched string.

13. Studies on torsional waves in a lumped system.

14. Study of interference with two coherent sources of sound.

15. Chlandi's figures with varying excitation and loading points.

16. Measurement of sound intensities with different situation.

17. Characteristics of a microphone-loudspeaker system.

18. Designing an optical viewing system.

19. Study of monochromatic defects of images.

20. Determining the principal points of a combination of lenses. B.Sc.-II (20)

21. Study of interference of light (biprism or wedge film)

22. Study of diffraction at a straight edge or a single slit.

23. Study of F-P elaton fringes.

24. Use of Deffraction grating and its resolving limit.

25. Resolving limit of a telescope system.

26. Polarization of light by reflection ; also cos-squared law.

27 Study of Optical rotation for any systems.

28. Study of laser as a monochromotor coherent sourec.

29. Study of a divergenee of a Laser beam.

30. Calculation of days between two dates of a year.

31. To check if triangle exists and the type of the triangle.

32. To find the sum of the sine and cosine series and print out the curve.

33. To solve simultaneous equations by elimination method.

34. To prepare a mark-list of polynomials.

35. Fitting a straight line or a simple curve to a given data.

36. Convert a given integer into binary and octal systems and vice-versa.

37. Inverse of a matrix.

38. Spiral array.


D.P. Khandelwal : "Optics and Atomic Physics" (Himalaya Publishing House,

Bombay 1988)

D.P. Khandelwal : "A Laboratory Manual for Undergraduate Classes" (Vani

Publishing House, New Delhi)

S. Lipschutz and A Poe : "Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of

Programming with Fortran" (McGraw-Hill Book Company 1986)

C. Dixon : "Numerical Analysis". - - - - - -


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PHYSICS

B.Sc.III

Objectives :

Present course is aimed to provide ample knowledge of basics of Physics

which are relevant to the understanding of modern trends in higher physics.

The first paper is aimed at preparing the back ground of modern physics

which includes the relativistic and quantum ideas mainly councerned with

atomic, molecular and nuclear physics. It constitutes an essential pre-

requisite for better understanding of any branch of physics. The second

paper is mainly concerned with Solid State Physics, Solid State Devices and

Electronics. This course is quite important from the applicational aspects of

modern electronic devices. It also forms the basis of advance electronics

including communication technology to be covered at higher level. The

experiments are based mostly on the contents of the theory papers so as to

provide comprehensive insight of the subject.

Scheme of Examination :

1. There shall be two theory papers of 3 hours duration each and one

practical paper of 4 hours duration. Such paper shall carry 50 marks.

2. Each theory paper will comprise of 5 units. Two questions will be in each

unit and the student will have the choice to answer one out of the two.

3. Numerical problems of about 30 percent will compulsorily be asked in

each theory paper. 4. In practical paper each student has to perform two

experiments during examination. 5. Practical examination will be of 4 hours

duration. The distribution of practical marks will be as follows. Experiments :

15 + 15 = 30, Viva-voce :10 Internal Assessment - 10.


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PHYSICS

B.Sc.III

PAPER - I

RELATIVITY, QUANTUM MECHANICS, ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND

NUCLEAR PHYSICS.

UNIT-I

Reference systems, inertial frames, Galilean invariance and conservation laws,

propogation of light, Michelson-Morley experiment, search for ether. Postulates for

the special theory of ralativity, Lorentz tranformations, length contraction,time

dilation, velocity additon theorem, variation of mass with velocity, mass-energy

equivalence, particle with zero rest mass, Compton effect.

UNIT-II

Origin of the quantum theory : Failure of classical physics to explain the phenomena

such as black-body spectrum, photoelectric effect. Wave-particle duality and

uncertainty principle : de Broglie's hypothesis for matter waves : the concept of

wave and group velocities, evidence for diffraction & interference of particles,

experimental demonstration of mater waves. Davisson and Germer's experiment.

Consequence of de Broglie's concepts, quantisation in hydrogen atom, energies of a

particle in a box, wave packets. B.Sc.-III (16) Consequence of the uncertainty

relation : gamma ray microscope, diffraction at a slit.

UNIT-III

Quantum Mechanics : Schrodinger's equation. Postulatory basis of quantum

mechanics, operators, expectation values, transition probabilities, applications to

particle in a oneand three dimensional boxes, harmonic oscillator in one dimension,

reflection at a step potential, transmission across a potential barrier. Hydrogen atom :

natural occurrence of n, l and m quatum numbers, the related physical quantities.

UNIT-IV Spectra of hydrogen, deuteron and alkali atoms spectral terms, doublet

fine structure, screening constants for alkali spectra for s,p, d and f states, selection

rules. Discrete set of elctronic energies of moleculers, quantisation of vibrational and

rotational energies, determination of internuclear distance, pure rotatinal and rotation

vibration spectra. Dissociation limit for the ground and other electronic states,

transition rules for pure vibration and electronic vibration spectra. Raman effect,

Stokes and anti-Stokes lines, complimentary character of Raman and infrared

spectra, experimental arrangements for Raman spectroscopy.

UNIT-V

Interaction of charged particles and neutrons with mater, working of nuclear

detectors, G-M counter, proportional counter and scintillation counter, cloud

chambers, spark chamber, emulsions. Structure of nuclei, basic properties ( r 1 ,μ Q

and binding energy), deuteron binding energy, p-p and n-p scattering and general

concepts of nuclear forces, Beta decay, range of alpha particle Geiger-Nuttal law.

Gamow's explanation of beta decay, alpha decay and continuous and discrete

spectra. Nuclear reactions, channels, compound nucleus, direct reaction (concepts).

Shell model & liquid drop model, fission and fusion (concepts), energy production

in stars by p-p and carbon cycles (concepts).


1. H.S. Mani and G.K. Metha : "Introduction to Modern Physics"'' (Affiliated East-

West Press, 1989)

2. A Beiser, "Prospective of Modern Physics"

3. H.E. White, Introduction to Atomic Physic"

4. Barrow, "Introduction to Molecular Physics!"

5. R.P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton and M Sands, "The Feynman Lectures on Physics",

Vol.III (B.I. Publications, Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta, Madras).

6. T.A. Littlefield and N Thorley, "Atomic and Nuclear Physics" (Engineering

Language Book Society)

7. H.A. Enge, "Introduction to Nuclear Physics", (Addision-Wesly)

8. Eisenberg and Resnik, "Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei

and Particles" (John Wiley)

9. D.P. Khandelwal, "Optics and Atomic Physics", (Himalaya Publishing House,

Bombay, 1988).


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PHYSICS

B.Sc.III

PAPER-II

SOLID STATE PHYSICS, SOLID STATE DEVICES AND ELECTRONICS

UNIT-I

Amorphous and crystalline solids, Elements of symmetry, seven crystal system,

Cubic lattices, Crystal planes, Miller indices, Laue's equation for X-ray diffraction,

Bragg's Law. Bonding in solids, classification. Cohesive energy of solid. Madelung

constant, evaluation of Parameters. Specific heat of solids, classical theory (Dulong-

Petit's law). Einstein and Debye theories. Vibrational modes of one dimensional

monoatomic lattice, Dispersion relation, Brillouin Zone.

UNIT-II

Free electron model of a metal, Solution of one dimensional Schrodiner equation in

a constant potential. Density of states. Fermi Energy, Energy bands in a solid

(KronigPenny model without mathematical details). Metals, Insulator and

Semiconductors. Hall effect. Dia, Para and Ferromagnetism. Langevin's theory of

dia and para-magnetism. CurieWeiss's Law. Qualitative description of

Ferromagnetism (Magnetic domains), B-H. curve and Hysteresis loss.

UNIT-III

Intrinsic semiconductors, carrier concentration in thermal equlibrium, Fermi level,

Impurity semiconductor, doner and acceptor levels, Diode equation, junctions,

junction breakdown, Depletion width and junction capacitance, abrupt junction,

Tunnel diode, Zener diode. Light emmitting diode, solar cell, Bipolar transistors,

pnp and npn transistors, characteristics of transistors, different configurations,

current amplification factor, FET.

UNIT-IV

Half and full wave rectifier, rectifier efficiency ripple factor, Bridge rectifier, Filters,

Inductor filter, T and N filters, Zener diode, regulated power supply. Applications of

transistors. Bipolar Transistor as amplifier. Single stage and CE small signal

amplifiers, Emitter followers, Transistoras power amplifier, Transistor as oscillator,

Wein-Bridge Oscillator and Hartley oscillator.

UNIT-V

Introduction to computer organisation, time sharing and multi programming

systems, window based word processing packages, MS Word. Introduction to C

programming and application to simple problems of arranging numbers in ascending

/ descending orders : sorting a given data in an array, solution of simultaneous

euation.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Introduction to solid state physics : C.Kittel

2. Solid State Physics : A.J. Dekkar

3. Electronic Circuits : Mottershead

4. Electronic Circuits : Millman and Halkias

5. Semiconductor Devices : S.M. Sze

6. Computer fundamental : balaguara Swami


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l= % 2017&18

PHYSICS

B.Sc.III

PRACTICAL

MINIMUM 16 (Sixteen) Out of the following or similar experiment of equal

standard :

1. Determination of Planck's constant

2. Determination of e/m by using Thomson's tube

3. Determination of e by Millikan's method

4. Study of spectra of hydrogen and deuterium (Rydberg constant and ratio of

masses of electron proton)

5. Absorption spectrum of iodine vapour

6. Study of alkali or alkaline earth spectra using a concave gra's

7. Study of Zeeman effect for determination of Lande g-factor.

8. Analysis of a given band spectrum.

9. Study of Raman spectrum using laser as an excitation source.

10. Study of absorption of alpha and beta rays.

11. Study of statistics in radioactive measurement.

12. Coniometric study of crystal faces.

13. Determination of dielectric constant

14. Hysteresis curve of transformer core

15. Hall-probe method for measuement of magnetic field

16. Specific resistance and energy gap of a semiconductor

17. Characteristics of transistor

18. Characteristics of a tunnel diode

19. Study of voltage regulation system

20. Study of a regulated power supply

21. Study of lissajous figures using a CRO

22. Study of VTVM

23. Study of RC and TC coupled amplifiers

24. Study of AF and RF oscillators

25. Find roots of f(x)=0 by using Newton-Raphson method

26. Find roots of F(x)=0 by using secant method

27. Integration by Simpson rule

28. To find the value of V at

29. String manipulations

30. Towers of Honoi (Nonrecursive)

31. Finding first four perfect numbers

32. Quadratic interpolation using Newton's forward-difference formula of degree

two.


1. B.G. Strechman ; "Solid State Electronic Devices". II Edition (Prentice-Hall of

India, New Delhi, 1986)

2. W.D. Stanley ; "Electronic Devices, Circuits and Applications" (Prentice Hall,

New Jersey, USA, 1988)

3. S. Lipschutsz and A Poe ; "Schaum's Outline of Theory and Problems of

Programming with Fortran" (McGraw-Hill Book Co. Singapore, 1986)

4. C Dixon ; "Numerical Analysis"

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