kwwsv˛ zzz idfherrn frp vdundulrqolqhmre · ukckmz(nabarad) dh v/;{kk jatuk dqek j iqfyl...

1

fo”o esa izFke

izFke varfj{k i;ZVd Msful VhVks

,ojsLV f”k[kj ij igqpus okyk igyk O;fDr “ksjik ruftax RkFkk lj ,MeaM fgysjh

mrjh /kzqo ij igqapus okyk izFke O;fZDr jkWcVZ fi;jh

nf{k.kh /kzqo ij igqapus okyk izFke O;fDr le.Mlsu

lkfgR; ds izFke ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk jsus ,Q- , lqYyh iz?kkse

“kkfUr ds izFke ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk thu ,Q- M~;wuksV ,oa QzsMfjd iSlh

HkkSfrdh ds izFke ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk MCY;w ,- jks,aVtu

jlk;u ds izFke ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk ts- ,p- oSVgkWQ

vFkZ”kkL= ds izFke ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk jSxuj fQz”k ,oa tkWu fVuctsau

Hkwfexr esVªks jsyos izkjEHkdrkZ izFke ns”k fczVsu

cSad uksV tkjhdrkZ izFke ns”k LohMu

dkxth eqnzk tkjh djus okyk igyk ns”k phu

la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk dk izFke jk’Vªifr tkWtZ okf”kaxVu

fczVsu dk izFke iz/kkuea=h jkWcVZ okyiksy

la;qDr jk’Vª la?k dk izFke egklpho fVªXosyh(ukosZ) izFke QqVckWy fo”o di thrus okyk ns”k m:Xos

lafo/kku fuekZ.k djus okyk izFke ns”k la;qDr jk; vesfjdk

xqVfujis{k vkanksyu ds izFke lEesyu dk vk;kstu&LFky csyxzsM

Hkkjr ij vkØe.k djus okyk izFke ;qjksfi;u fldUnj

phu igqpus okyk izFke ;wjksfi;u ekdkSZikWyks

ok;q;ku ls igyh mMku Hkjus okyk O;fDr jkbZV cU/kq

fo”o ds pkjksa vkSj leqnzh ;k=k djus okyk izFke O;fDr QMhZusa.M eSxyu

pUnzek ij ekuo Hkstus okyk izFke ns”k la- jk- vesfjdk

d`f=e mixzg dks varfj{k eas iz{ksi.k djus okyk izFke ns”k :l

vk/kqfud vksyfEid [ksyksa dk vk;kstu djus okyk izFke ns”k ;wuku

izFke uxj ftlij ijek.kq ce fxjk;k x;k fgjksf”kek

lokZf/kd i”kqvksa okyk ns”k Hkkjr

Hkkjr vkus okyk izFke vxzsat jSYQ fQ”k

pUnzek ij mrjus okyk izFke O;fDr uhy vkeZLVªkWx

varfj{k esa igqpus okyk izFke O;fDr estj ;wjh xkxjhu(:l) varfj{k esa Hkstk tkus okyk izFke varfj{k “kVy dksyfEc;k (viszy 1991) eaxy xzg ij mrjus okyk izFke varfj{k ;ku okbfdax&1

baXyS.M dh izFke efgyk iz/kkuea=h ekxzSV FkSpj

fdlh eqfLye ns”k dh izFke efgyk iz/kkuea=h csuthj HkqV~Vks(ikfdLrku ) fo”o dh izFke efgyk iz/kkuea=h S.Hk.Mkjuk;ds(Jhyadk) fo”o dh izFke efgyk jk’Vªifr blkcsy iSjks(vtsZ.Vhuk ) varfj{k esa tkus okyh izFke efgyk csysf.Vuk rsjs”dksok(:l) ,ojsLV ij p<us okyh izFke efgyk taqdks rscbZ(tkiku) fczVsu dh igyh jkuh tsu

la;aDr jk’Vª egklHkk dh izFke efgyk lHkkifr Jherh fot;k y{eh iafMr

Hkkjr esa izFke

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2

izFke tux.kuk o’kZ 1872 essa

fu;fer n”kdh; tux.kuk o’kZ 1881 ls

foeku okgd ;q)iksr vkbZ- ,u- ,l- fodzakr

Lons”kh ijek.kq iuMqCch vkbZ- ,u- ,l- pdz

QqVcky Dyc eksgu ckxku 1889 esa

ty fo|qr ifj;kstuk f”ko leqnze 1902 esa

lekpkj i= caxky xtV(tSEl fgDdh )

Hkk’kk;h nSfud(Vernacular Daily) lekpkj niZ.k

fgUnh lekpkj i= mnar ekrZaM

rkj ykbu(Telegraph line) Mk;eaM gkcZj ls dydrk (1853) varjkZ’Vªh; nwjlapkj lsok cEcbZ ls yUnu (1851) nwjn”kZu dsUnz ubZ fnYyh (1959) nwjn”kZu ls jaxhu dk;Zdze 15 vxLr 1982

ewd fQYe jktk gfj”kpUnz

cksyrh fQYe vkyevkjk

mixzg vk;ZHkV~V (19 vizsy 1975) Lons”k fufeZr mixzg bUlsV2 , (1992) vk.kfod Hkqfexr ifj{k.k iks[kju(18 ebZ 1974) ij[kuyh f”k”kq 1986 esa tUeh csch g’kkZ

Lons”kh iz{ksikL= i`Foh(1988) vaVkdZfVd vfHk;ku 1982 esa MkW- ,l- tsM- dkfle ds usr`Ro esa

Hkkjr esa izFke iq:’k

LorU= Hkkjr dsa xouZj tujy ykMZ ywbZ ekamVcsVu

Lora= Hkkjr ds Hkkjrh; xouZj tujy pdzorhZ jktxksikykpkjh

Hkkjrh; Fky lsuk ds lsukifr tujy ds ,e- dfjvIik

QhYM rk”kZy tujy ,l- ,p- ,Q- ts- ekusd “kkW

jk’Vªifr MkW- jktsUnz izlkn

mi&jk’Vªifr MkW- loZiYyh jk/kkd’.ku

iz/kkuea=h ia- tokgjyky usg:

fo”kq) xSj dkaxzslh iz/kkuea=h vVy fcgkjh oktis;h

fczfV”k xouZj tuy vkWQ caxky okjsu gsfLVaXl

varfj{k ;k=h LDokMªu yhMj jkds”k “kekZ

vkbZ- lh ,l- lR;saUnz ukFk VSxkSj

bafXyl pSuy rsjdj ikj djus okys rSjkd fefgj lsu

^jSeu eSXlsls iqjLdkj ^ izkIrdrkZ fouksck Hkkos

ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk johUnzukFk VSxksj

jk’Vªh; dkaxzsl ds v/;{k O;kses”k pUnz cuthZ

yksdlHkk v/;{k th- oh- ekoyadj

eq[; pquko vk;qDr lqdqekj lSu




































3

vUrjkZ’Vªh; U;k;ky; ds Hkkjrh; v/;{k U;k;eqfrZ MkW- uxsUnz flag

^Hkkjr jRu^ ls foHkqf’kr fons”kh [kku vCnwy x¶Qkj [kku

Hkkjrh; vaVkdZfVdk vfHk;kun ny ds usrk MkW- lS;n tgwj dkfle

lokSZPp U;k;ky; ds eq[; U;k;k/kh”k U;k;eqfrZ ghjkyky ts- dkfu;k

^Hkkjr jRu^ ls lEekfur MkW- loZiYyh jk/kkd’.ku] pdzofr jktxksikykpkjh ,oa MkW-

lh-oh- jeu

ej.kksijkUr ^Hkkjr jRu^ ls foHkqf’kr yky cgknqj “kkL=h

^Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj^ ls lEekfur lkfgR;dkj th- “kadj dq:i(ey;kye1965)

ân; izR;kjksi.k drkZ lQy ltZu MkW- oh- os.kqxksiky

^jk’Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx ^ ds v/;{k U;k;ewfrZ jaxukFk feJ

lQy ân; izR;kjksi.k djkus okyk lQy O;fDr nsoh jke (1994)

^Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj^ ls lEekfur fgUnh lkfgR;dkj lqfe=k uanu iar(1668)

fo”o fcfy;MZl f[krkc fotsrk Hkkjrh; foYlu tksal

xzSeh iqjLdkj fotsrk Hkkjrh; ia- jfo”kadj

la;qDr jk’Vª la?k esa fgUnh esa Hkk’k.kdrkZ vVy fcgjh oktis;h (1977)

fczVsu ds gkml vkWQ dkaxzsl ds Hkkjrh; lnL; nknkHkkbZ ukSjksth (1892)

jk’Vªh; foKku dkaxzsl ds izFke v/;{k lj vk”kqrks’k eq[kthZ

ekmaV ,ojsLV ij 8 ckj p<us okyk ioZrkjksgh “ksjik vaxjhrk

Ô;kl lEeku^ ls lEekfur ys[kd jkefoykl “kekZ

fo”o cSd ds Hkkjrh; izcU/k funs”kd xkSrd dkth

în~Hk Hkq’k.k ^ ls lEekfur f[kykMh lh- ds- uk;Mw

^ Msfol di^ ls [ksyus okys Hkkjrh; f[kykMH ,e- lyhe ,oa ,l- ,e- tsdc(,dy) rFkk ,- ,- QS;kt ,oa

,y- ,l- Mksus(;qxy) (1981)

VsLV fdzdsV [ksyus okys Hkkjrh; ds- ,l- j.kthr flag th ( baXyS.M dh vkSj ls )

yksdlHkk gsrq fuokZfpr oSKkfud MkW- es?kukn lkgk

?ku”;ke nkl fcMyk iqjLdkj ls iqjLdr oSKkfud izks- vk”kh’k nrk (1991)

êwfrZ nsoh iqjLdkj^ ls lEekfur lkfgR;dkj lh- ds- ukxjkt jko (1993)

fczVsu esa mPpk;qDr cus O;fDr oh- ds- d`’.kesuu

ysfuu “kkafr iqjLdkj ls lEekfur Hkkjrh; iq:’k MkW- lSQqn~nh fdpyw(1952)

fczfV”k laln gsrq pquko yMk Hkkjrh; yky eksgu ?kks’k

fczfV”k dkyhu mPp U;k;ky; esa U;k;k/kh”k cuk Hkkjrh; jkeizlkn jke

ok;ljk; dh dk;Zdkfj.kh ifj’kn dk Hkkjrh; ljL; lj ,l- ih- flUgk

for vk;ksx ds v/;{k ds- lh- fu;ksxh

vesfjdk dkaxzsl dk Hkkjrh; lnL; fnyhi flag

VsLV fdzdsV esa gSfVªd djus okys xsanckt gjHktu flag





































4

VsLV fdzdsfV esa rhgjk “krd cukus okyk cYysckt ohjsUnz lgokx

Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk esa izFke ek”kZy vtZu flag

Hkkjr esa izFke efgyk

iz/kkuea=h Jherh bafnjk xka/kh

bafXy”k pSuy rSjdj ikj djus okyh (Hkkjr ,oa fo”o nksuksa

esa )

vkjrh lkgk

jkT;iky Jherh ljksftuh uk;Mw (mrjizns”k ) vkbZ- ih- ,l- fdj.k csnh

jk’Vªh; dkaxzsl dh v/;{k ,suh csalsaV

la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx dh v/;{k jkst fefy;u eSF;w

^ukscsy iqjLdkj fotsrk enj Vsjslk (“kkafr gsrq) ^fel oYMZ^ ls lEefur lqJh jhrk Qkfj;k

^fel ;quholZ ^ lqJh lqf’erk lsu

ns”k dh es;j lqJh rkjk psfj;u(enzkl esa o’kZ 1957) dsaUnzh; efU=e.My esa eU=h jktdqekjh ve`r dkSj

eq[;ea=h lqpsrk diyku (mrjizns”k ) lkaln lqJh jk/kkckbZ lqckjk;u(1938) lokSZPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;k/kh”k U;kewfrZ ehjk lkfgc Qkfrek chch

mPp U;k;ky; dh eq[; U;k;k/kh”k u;k;eqfrz yhyk lsb (fgekpy izns”k )

ns”k dh l=(Session)U;k;k/kh”k lqJh vUuk pkaMh (dsjy esa ) ekmaV ,ojsLV^ fotsrk ioZrkjksgh lqJh cNsUnzh iky

^ukeZy ckWjykWx iqjLdkj fotsrk MkW- ve`rk iVsy

lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj^ fotsrk lkfgR;dkj ve`rk iazhre(1956) ^Hkkjr jRu^ ls foHkqf’kr Jherh bafnjk xka/kh

ysfuu “kkafr iqjLdkj ls iqjLd`r v:.k vklQ vyh

^Hkkjrh; KkuihB iqjLdkj ls iqjLdr vk”kkiq.kZk nsoh (1976) vaVkdZfVdk igqapus okyh esgj ewlk (1977) mrjh /kzqo ij igqapus okyh izfr lsu xqIrk (1993) ukSdk }kjk lEiw.kZ fo”o dh ifjdzek djus okyh mToyk ikfVy(1988) eq[; vfHk;Urk ih- ds- =sfl;k ukaxqyh

ik;yV ¶ykabx vkfQlj lq’kek eq[kksik/;k;

,;j ykbal ik;yV dSIVu nqxkZ cuthZ

^cksbax^737^ foeku dh dekaMj dSIVu lkSnkfeuh ns”keq[k

Hkkjrh; lsuk dh tujy estj tujy th- ,- jke

Hkkjrh; ok;q lsuk dh iSjkV~ij lqJh xhrk ?kks’k

vkbZ- ,- ,l- vUuk tkWtZ (eYgks=k ) izFke nwjn”kZu lekpkj okfpdk izfrek iqjh





































5

la;qDr jk’Vª la?k ds laxhr lekjksg esa Hkkxhnkjh djus okyh ,l- ,e- lqCcqy{eh (1966) vkSyfEid [ksyksak esa Hkkx ysus okyh f[kykMh esjh yhyk jks (1952) vksyfEid [ksyksa esa ind thrus okyh eYys”ojh (Hkkjksrksyu] flMuh) ,f”k;kbZ [ksyksa esa Lo.kZ ind thrus okyh deythr la/kq (1970,400eh- nksM) jk’VªeaMy [ksyksa esa ind thrus okyh veh f?k;k ,oa daoy Bkdwj flag (efgyk ;qxy

cSMfe.Vu1978)) vUrjkZ’Vªh; vFkysfVDl pSfEI;uf”ki esa ind thrus okyh vatq ch tkWtZ (2003] isfjl ) “krjat eas xzsM ekLVj fotsrk HkkX; Jh fFkIls (1986) vURkjkZ’Vªh; fdzdsV esa 100 fodsV izkIrdrkZ Mk;uk dUnqyth (1986) ^vtqZu iqjLdkj ^ ls lEekfur ,u- yElMsu(gkWdh 1961) vaUrjkZ’Vªh; QqVckWy esa ^gSfVªd ^ djus okyh ;ksykank fMlwtk (1978) v”kksd pdz izkIrdrkZ uhjtk Hkuskr &ej.kksijkUr

lsuk esMy izkIrdrkZ fceyk nsoh (1978) Lukrd mikf/k izkIrdrkZ dknfEcuh xkaxqyh (cksl),oa panzeq[kh cksl (dydrk

fo”ofo|ky; 1883 ) bathfu;fjax esa Lukrd mikf/k izkIrdrkZ byk etqenkj(1951) fpfdRlk esa Lukrd mikf/k izkIrdrkZ fo/kqeq[kkh cksl ,oa foftZfu;k ferj (dksydkrk esfMdy

dkWyst ) ltZu MkW- izsek eq[kthZ

fjtoZ cSad dh fMIVh xouZj ds- ts- mns”kkh (2003)

ukckMZ(NABARAD) dh v/;{kk jatuk dqekj

iqfyl egkfuns”kd dapu pkS/kjh HkV~Vkpk;Z

ysf¶VusaV tujy iwuhrk vjksMk

bafM;u ,;jykbUl dh v/;{k lq’kek pkoyk

cSfjLVj dksuksZfu;ks lksjkcth (bykgkckn mPp U;k;ky; 1923) vf/koDrk jsfxuk xqgk

jktnwr Jherh fot; y{eh iafMr (lksfo;r la?k 1947) ftczkYVj LVsªV rSjdj ikj djus okyh vkjrh iz/kku

ikWoj fyf¶Vax esa fo”o dhfrZeku cukus okyh lqferk ykgk (1989)

rhu [kssayksa (fdzdsV] gkWdh ,oa ckWLdsV ckWy ) esa ns”k izfrfuf/kRo djus okyh

f”kjhu [kqljks fd;k”k

fo”o dh izFke dkWef”kZ;y VsLV ik;yV dSIVu lq:u MklhZ ,oa dsIVu jkst yksij

Hkkjrh; ok;qlsuk dh foeku dh ik;ysV gfjrk nsvksy

nks ckj dh ekmaV ,ojsLV fotsrk larks’k ;kno

^jseu eSXlsls ^ iqjLdkj izkIrdrkZ fdj.k csnh

nknk lkgsc QkYds iqjLdkj ls lEekfur ukf;dk Jherh nsfodk jkuh jksfjd

ekmaV ,ojsLV ij 2 ckj p<us okyh lcls de vk;q dh

ioZrkjskgh

fMdh MksYek

“kkfUrLo:i HkVukxj iqjLdkj ls iqjLdr OkSKkfud lqJh v”khek pVthZ





































6

fons”k lfpo pkfdyk v¸;j

ns”k dh eq[; lfpo fueZyk cqp

vUrfj{k ;k=h dYiuk pkoyk

lh- ch- vkbZ- dh la;qDr funs”kd vpZuk lqanjfyxe

ewrhZ nsoh iqjLdkj fotsrk izfrHkk jkW;

jk’Vªifr dk pquko yMus okyh dSIVu y{eh lgxy

ok;qlsuk esa ,;j okbl ek”kZy ,.M ,;j ek”kZy ih- ca|ksik/;k;

la;qDr jk’Vª la?k esa vlSfud iqfyl lykgdkj fdj.k csnh

jktLo lfpo fouhrk jk;

eqDdsckth dh jsQjh jft;k “kcue

Hkkjrh; varfj{k dk;ZØe

varfj{k eas Hkkjr %&

1962 & bl o’kZ ^Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqla/kku desVh^ dk xBu fd;k x;k A

1963 & fr:ouUriqje ds fudV FkqEck jkWdsV iz{ksi.kk dsUnz LFkkfir fd;k x;k A blh o’kZ 21 uoEcj dks vesfjdk

}kjk fn;k x;k nks pj.kksa okyk igyk jkWdsV varfj{k esa NksMk x;k A

1969 & 1962 esa xfBr vuqla/kku desVh dks iquxZfBr djds mls ^ Hkkjrh; varfj{k vuqla/kku laxBu(bljks) dk uke

fn;k x;k A

1972& varfj{k foHkkx vkSj varfj{k vk;ksx dk xBu A i`Foh esa ekStqn lalk/kuksa ds losZ{k.k ds fy, ^lwnwj^ loasnu

ijh{k.k lfefr dh LFkkiuk A

1975 & igys Hkkjrh; mixzg vk;ZHkV~V dks blh lky 19 viSzy dks rRdkyhu lksfo;r la?k ds ,d iz{ksi.k dsUnz ls

varfj{k esa Hkstk x;k A

1979 & bl o’kZ 7 tqu dks Hkkjr esa cus nwljs mixzg HkkLdj^ dks rRdkyhu lksfo;r la?k ds ,d iz{ksi.k dsUnz ls

i`Foh dh d{kk esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k A

1980 & Hkkjr esa fufEkZr igys mix`g iz{ksi.k okgu ,l0 ,y0 oh0&3 us bl o’kZ 18 tqykbZ dks JhgfjdksVk fLFkr

iz{ksi.k dsUnz ls 35 fdxzk out dk jksfg.kh mixzg varfj{k esa Hkstk A

1981 & ,l0 ,y0 oh0& 3 iz{ksi.k okgu ds tfj, blh o’kZ 31 egZ dks JhgfjdksVk jsat ls jksfg.kh Js.kh dk nwljk

mixzg vrfj{k esa Hkstk x;k A Hkkjr dk igyk izk;ksfxd Hkw& LFkSfrdh lapkj mixzg(,Iiy) blh o’kZ 19 twu dks Ýsap

xq;kuk fLFkr dkS: ls ,fj;u jkWdsV dh lgk;rk ls varfj{k dh d{kk esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k A

1982 & vesfjdk ls izkIr igyk cgqmn~nsf”k; bUlsV &1 , dks bl o’kZ 10 viszy dks vesfjdh MsYVk jkWdsV dh enn

ls vrfj{k eas Hkstk x;k A

1983 & bl o’kZ 17 vizsy dks JhgfjdksVk iz{ksi.k dsUnz ls 35 fdxzk out dk jksfg.kh mixzg ,l0 ,y0 oh0&3iz{ksi.k

;ku dh enn ls varfj{k dh d{kk esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k A nwljs cgqmnsf”k; mixzg bUlSV&Ckh dks blh o’kZ 30 vxLr

dks vesfjdh varfj{k “kVy pSystu dh enn ls varfj{k dh d{kk esa Hkstk x;k A

1984 & bl o’kZ 3 vizsy dks varfj{k {ks= esa igys Hkkjr &lksfo;r la;qDr vfHk;ku ds vUrxZr LDokMªu yhMj jkds”k

“kekZ varfj{k esa inkiZ.k djus okys igys Hkkjrh; cus A





































7

1988 & Hkkjr esa cus igys lwnwj laosnu vkbZ0 vkj0 ,l0 &1 , dks bl o’kZ 17 ekpZ dks rRdkyhu lksfo;r la?k ds

cSdkuwj fLFkr jkWdsV LFky ls oksLVkd jkWdsV }kjk varfj{k esa Hkstk x;k blh o’kZ 22 tqykbZ dks rhljk cgqmn~nsf”k;

mixzg bUlSV&1lh ,fj;u okgu dh enn ls dkS: fLFkr iz{ksi.k dsUnz ls Hkstk x;k A

1990 & igyh ih<h ds bUlSV mixzg Js/kh dk vafre mixzg bUlSV &1 Mh dks bl o’kZ 12 twu dks ¶yksfjMk fLFkr

iz{ksi.k dsUnz ls vesfjdh MsYVk jkWdsV dh enn ls vaarfj{k esa Hkstk x;k A

1991& nwljk lwnwj laosnu mixzg vkbZ0 vkj0 ,l0 &1ch 29 vxLr dks cSdkuwj dkLeksMªkse ls oksLVksd jkWdsV dh

enn ls NksMk x;k A

1992 & loaf/kZr mixzg iz{ksi.k okgu ,0 ,l0 ,y0 oh0 dks bl o’kZ 20 ebZ dks JhgfjdksVk ls NksMk x;k A blh

iz{ksi.k okgu dh enn ls 150 fdxzk otu dk jksfg.kh Ja[kyk dk mixzg varfj{k esa Hkstk x;k A ns”k esa cus igys

cgqmn~sn”kh; bUlSV&2 , dks ,fj;u jkWdsV dh enn ls bl o’kZ 10 tqykbZ dks dkS: ls varfj{k esa Hk stk x;k A

1993& Lons”k fufeZr nwljk cgqmn~ns”kh; bUlSV &2 ch mixzg 23 tqykbZ dks dkS: ls ,fj;u jkWdsV ls varfj{k dh

d{kk esa Hkstk x;k A varfj{k foHkkx us vius v/khu &varfj{k dkWjiksjs”ku fyfeVsM ^uked ,d ljdkjh kEiuh dk xBu

djds mldsk vrafj{k vuql/kku vkfn ls lEcfU/kr dkjksckj dk nkf;Ro lkSaik A

1994& L=ksl& lh 2 mixzg dks 4 ebZ dks Jh gfjdksVk ls ,0 ,l0 ,y0 oh0 Mh0&4 uked iz{ksi.k okgu dh enn

ls i`Foh dh fupyh d{kk ds fy, jokuk fd;k x;k A blds ckn 15 vDVwcj dks JhgfjdksVk ls gh ih0 ,l0 ,y0 oh0

Mh0&2 dh enn ls 870 fdyksxzke out ds vkbZ0 vkj0 ,l0 ih0 &2 dks /kqazoh; lkSj fLFkr dPkk esa LFkkfir fd;k

x;k A

1995& 27 fnlEcj] 1995 dks 1250 fdxzk vkbZ0 vkj0 ,l0 1 lh dk dtkfdLrku ds cSdkuwj iz{ksi.k LFyky ls :lh

jkWdsV eksfYy;k }kjk iz{ksi.k 7 fnlEcj 1995 dks r`rh; lapkj mixzg bUlSV &2 lh dk Ýsap xq;kuk ds dkS: iz{kSi.k

dsUnz ls ^,fj;u 44L jkWdsV }kjk iz{ksi.k A

1996 &21 ekpZ] 1996 dks nwj laosnh mixzg vkbZ0 vkj0 ,l- oh0 &3 dk iz{ksi.k ih0 ,l0 ,y0 oh0&3 ls fd;k x;k

1997& 4 twu dks Ýsap xq;kuk fLFkr dkS: iz{ksi.k LFky ls ,fj;u iz{ksi.k ;ku ds ek/;e ls bUlsV 2&Mh dk iz{ksi.k

29 fnlEcj dks Jh gfjdksVk ls ih-,l- ,y- oh lh- }kjk vkbZ vkj ,l- &1 dk lQyrkiwoZd iz{ksi.k 5 vDVwcj 1997

dks bUlsV 2 Mh dks csdkj ?kskf’kr dj fn;k x;k D;ksafd bldh fo|qr iz.kkyh esa [kjkch vk xbZ Fkh 19 uoEcj 1997

dks dYiuk pkoyk vesfjdu varfj{k “kVy dksyfEc;k }kjk varfj{k esa xbZ ftlls os varfj{k esa tkus okyh izFke

Hkkjrh; efgyk (djuky esa tUeha) cuh A

1999& Ýsap xq;kuk ds dkS: iz{ksi.k LFky ls 3 vizsy 1999 dks mixzg bUlSV&2bZ dks d{kk esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k 26

ebZ dks SHAR ls ih0 ,l0 ,y0 oh0 lh 2 }kjk vkbZ0 vkj0 ,l0 ih0 4 rFkk vU; nks fons”kkh imxzgksa fdVlsV

rFkk Vu lsV dks ,d lkFk iz{ksfir fd;k x;k A

2000& Ýsap xq;kuk ds dkS: iz{ksi.k LFky ls 22 ekpZ 2000 dks 2070 fdxzk Hkkj okys mixzg bUlSV&3ch dks ,fj;u

&5 jkWdsV }kjk iz{ksfir fd;k x;k A bldk mi;ksx f”k{kk ,oa lapkj lsok ds fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g ns”k dk

vk/kqfudre mixzgSA

2001& 18 vizsy 2001 dks JhgfjdksVk ls ^th ,l ,y oh0&Mh1 dk lQy iz{ksi.k vkSj 36 gtkj fdeh Å¡ph d{kk esa

mixzg LFkkfir 22 vDVwcj 2001 dks ih0 ,l0 ,y0 oh0 lh0 dk lQy iz{ksi.k vkSj rhu mixzg ,d lkFk d{kk esa

LFkkfir A

2002 & 24 tuojh 2002 dks dkS: iz{ksi.k LFky ls bUlSV&3 lh dk lQy iz{ksi.k fd;k x;k blds mijkar 11

flrEcj 2002 dks JhgfjdksVk ls eSVlSV dk lQy iz{ksi.k fd;k x;k A

2003 & 10 vizSy 2003 dks dksS: iz{ksi.k LFky ls bUlSV&3, dk lQy iz{ksi.k fd;k x;k blh lky 8 ebZ dks

JhgfjdksVk ls th lSV&2 dk lQy iz{ksi.k fd;k x;k A ;s nksuks nwjlapkj ds {ks= esa dk;Zjr gSA





































8

2004 & 20 flrEcj dks JhgfjdksVk ls th- ,l- ,y- oh- ,l- ,Q- vks- 1 }kjk ,twlSV dk lQy iz{ksi.k fd;k x;k A

blds iz{ksi.k ls ns”k esa nwjLFk f”k{kk ds fodkl esa enn feysxh A

2005 & bl o’kZ 5 ebZ dks JhgfjdksVk ls dkVksZlsV ,oa gSelSV uked nks mixzgksa dk ih-,l- ,y- oh- lh &6 ds }kjk

iz{ksi.k fd;k x;k A dkVksZlsV eSfix ,oa gSelSV jsfM;ks ,oa nwjlapkj esa lgk;d gSA

2007 & 10 tuojh dks ih,l,yoh lh17 }kjk dksVksZlSV2 o ,lvkbZbZ &1 ds lkFk nks fons”kh mixzgksa dk lQy

ifj{k.k A

2008 & ih,l,yoh&lh11 }kjk JhgfjdksVk ls 22 vDVwcj dks panz;ku izFke dk lQy iz{ksi.k A

2009 & ih,l,yoh lh 14 }kjk JhgfjdksVk ls 23 flraEcj dks vksf”K;ulsV &2 dk lQy iz{ksi.k A

2010 & th,l,yoh Mh3 }kjk JhgfjdksVk ls 15 vizsy dks thlSV &4 lSVsykbV dk vlQy iza{ksi.k A ih,l,yih&15

}kjk JhgfjdksVk ls 12 tqykbZ dks dksVkZslsV &3 ch lesr ikap lSVsykbVksa dk lQy iz{ksi.k A th,l,yoh&,Q06 }kjk

JhgfjdksVk ls 25 fnlEcj dks thlSV 5 ih lSVsykbV dk vlQy iz{ksi.k A

2011 & ih,l,yoh&lh16 }kjk JhgfjdksVk ls 20 vizsy dks rhu mixzgksa(fjlkslZlSV&2] ;wFklsV] ,Dl&lSV)dks lQy

iz{ksi.k A ,fj;u Lisl^ }kjk Ýsap x;kuk ds dkS: varfj{k dsUnz ls 21 ebZ dks lapkj mixzg thlSV&8 dk lQy

iz{ksi.k A ih,l,yoh&lh17 }kjk JhgfjdksVk ls 15 tqykbZ dks thlSV &12 dk lQy iz{ksi.k A ih,l,yoh&lh18

}kjk JhgfjdksVk ls 12 vDVwcj dks pkj mixzgksa (es?kk] VªkWfiDl]oSlylSV&1] tqxuw] ,lvkj,elSV) dk lQy iz{ksi.k

2012 & ih,l,yoh& lh19 }kjk JhgfjdksVl ls 26 vizsy dks jhlSV&1 dk lQy iz{ksi.k A

ih,l,yoh& lh21 }kjk JhgfjdksVl ls LikWV&6 ,oa Proiteres dk lQy iz{ksi.k A Arine-5ECA }kjk Ýsap

x;kuk ds dkS: varfj{k dsUnz ls thlsSV&10 dk lQy iz{ksi.k A

2013 & ih,l,yoh& lh20 }kjk JhgfjdksVk ls 25 Qjojh dks Hkkjr Ýkal ds SARALmixzg vkSj 6 vU; NksVs

fons”kh mixzgksa dk lQy iz{ksi.k A

ih,l,yoh&lh22 }kjk JhgfjdksVk ls 1 tqykbZ dks IRNSS-1A dk lQy iz{ksi.k A

,fj;u&5 }kjk Ýsap x;kuk ds dkS: varfj{k dsUnz ls 26 tqykbZ dks INSAT-3D dk lQy iz{ksi.k A

ih,l,yoh& lh25 }kjk JhgfjdksVl ls 5 uoEcj dks eaxy;ku dk lQy iz{ksi.k A

2014 & th,l,yoh&MH5 }Kjk JhgfjdksVk ls 5 tuojh dks thlSV&14 dk lQy iz{ksi.k A

,fj;u &5 }kjk Ýsap x;kuk ds dkS: varfj{k dsUnz ls 7 fnlacj dks thlSV &16 dk lQy iz{ksi.k

2015 & ih,l,yoh& lh30 }kjk JhgfjdksVk ls 28 flrEcj dks ASTROSAT-16 dk lQy iz{ksi.kA

2016 & ih,l,yoh&lj31 }kjk JhgfjdksVk ls 20 tuojh dks IRNSS-1E dk lQy iz{ksi.k A

Hkkjr esa izfrj{kk

Hkkjr dh lqj{kk ;kstuk dk y{; gSA fd og miegk}hi esa “kkfUr dks c<kok ns vkSj mls dk;e j[ks rFkk fdlh Hkh

vkdze.k dk lkeuk djus ds fy, lsuk dks i;kZIr :i ls lqlfTtr djk, A

jk’Vªifr j{kk ny dk loksZPp dekaMj gSA ysfdu jk’Vªh; lqj{kk dk mrjnkf;Ro efU=e.My ds v./khu gksrk gSA laln

esa lqj{kk lEc/kh fo’k;ksa dk mrjnkf;Ro j{kk eU=h dk gksrk gSA

j{kk eU=ky; dk v/;{k j{kk eaU=h gksrk gSA tks dSfcusV jSad dk gksrk gSA j{kk eU=ky; esa fuEufyf[kr rhu foHkkx

gksrs gSA

j{kk foHkkx

j{kk mRiknu vkSj vkiwfrZ foHkkx





































9

j{kk “kks/k vkSj fodkl foHkkx

eU=ky; lh/ks rkSj ij Hkkjr dh lqj{kk ds fy, ftEesnkj gksrk gSA vkSj Fky] ty vkSj ok;q lsuk dh vfHkiwfrZ vkSj

iz”kklu dk mrjnk;h gksrh gSA

Hkkjr dh Fky lsuk fo”o dh pkSFkh cMh lsuk gSA rFkk ok;q lsuk ikapoh vkSj ty lsuk lkroha cMh lsuk gSA

Fkylsuk %&

la[;k dh nf’V ls Hkkjrh; Fky lsuk dk fo”o esa pkSFkk LFkku gSA bldk eq[;ky; ubZ fnYyh esa gSA Fky lsuk dk

ize[k Fky lsuk/;{k gksrk gsA bldh lgk;rk ds fy, ,d mi lsuk/;{k rFkk ikap vU; vf/kdkjh gksrs gsA

Fky lsuk dks lkr dekuksa esa ckaVk x;k gSA

deku@{ks= eq[;ky;

mrjh 56,- i- vks- (m/keiqj)

nf{k.kh iq.ks

e/;orhZ y[kuÅ

iwohZ dksydkrk

if”peh paMh efUnj] paMhx<

izf”k{k.k f”keyk

nf{k.kh&if”peh t;iqj

izf”k{k.k laLFkku (Training Institutions)

uke (Name) LFkku(Location )

jk’Vªh; lqj{kk vdkneh [kMdoklyk

Hkkjrh; lSfud vdkneh nsgjknwu

jk’Vªh; Hkkjrh; lSfud dkWyst nsgjknwu

jk’Vªh; j{kk dkWyst ubZ fnYyh

j{kk lsok LVkQ dkWyst osfyaXVu

Fky lsuk fpfdRlk dkWyst iq.ks

vf/kdkfj;ksa dk izf”k{k.k fo|ky; psUubZ

;q) f”k{k.k dkWyst eÅ

dsUnzh; c[rjcUn ny vkSj Ldwy vgenuxj

iSny lsuk dk Ldwy eÅ vkSj csyxkao

rksi f”k{k.kky; nsvksykyh

lSfud vfHk;kaf=dh lSfud dkWyst eÅ

j{kk izcU/ku dk dkWyst fldUnkjkckn

Fky lsuk dSMsV dkWyst nsgjknwu

Fky lsuk dk “kL= Ldwy tcyiqj

mPp Lrjh; “kL= Ldqy xqyexZ





































10

Fky lsuk lsokvksa dk Ldwy cjsyh

bZ ,e- bZ Ldwy cMksnjk

fo|qr ,oa e”khuh vafHk;kaf=dh lSfud dkWyst fldUnjkckn

fjekamaV vkSj i”kq fpfdRlk ny dk dsUnzh Ldwy esjB

Fky lsuk “kSf{kd izf”k{k.k dkWyst vkSj dsUnz iape<h

Fky lsuk dk “kkjhfjd izf”k{k.k Ldwy iq.ks

Fky lsuk @ok;q ;krk;kr dk lgk;d Ldwy vkxjk

Fky lsuk dk fyfid izf”k{k.k Ldwy vkSjaxkckn

lSfud [kqfQ;k izf”k{k.k Ldwy vkSj fMiks iq.ks

Fky lsuk dk e”khuh ;krk;kr Ldwy caxyw:

dkmaVj bultZUlh vkSj taxy l”kL= dyk Ldwy okbZjaXVs

jk’Vªh; ,dhdr laLFkku iq.ks

Fky lsuk fpfdRlky; dsUnz vkSj Ldwy y[kuÅ

ukS lsuk %&

Hkkjrh; ukS lsuk dk eq[;ky; ubZ fnYyh esa gSA eq[;ky; esa ukSlsuk/;{k rFkk budh lgk;rk ds fy, 4 eq[; LVkQ

vf/kdkjh gksrs gSA

ukS lsuk dks rhu daekMksa esa ckaVk x;k gSA

dekaM eq[;ky;

nf{k.kh dksphu

iwohZ fo”kk[kkirue

if”peh eqEcbZ

izf”k{k.k laLFkku( Training Institutions )

uke (Name) LFkku (Location )

ty lsuk vdkneh xksok

vkbZ- ,u- ,l- fpydk mMhlk

vkbZ- ,u- ,l- f”koth yksukokyk

vkbZ- ,u- ,l- oylwjk tkeuxj

vkbZ- ,u- ,l- lrokgu fo”kk[kkirue

vkbZ- ,u- ,l- geyk eqacbZ

vkbZ- ,u- ,l- dqtyh eqacbZ

vkbZ- ,u- ,l- vf”ouh(vkbZ- ,u- ,e-) eqacbZ

vkbZ- ,u- ,l- vxz.kh dks;cVwj

ty lsuk l”kL= dkWyst eqacbZ





































11

vkbZ- ,u- ,l- x:M dksphu

vkbZ- ,u- ,l- gaal xksok

ty lsuk tgkt fuekZ.k Ldwy fo”kk[kkirue

ok;q lsuk

Hkkjrh; ok;q lsuk dh “kq:vkr 1932 bZ esa gqbZ Fkh A bldk eq[;ky; ubZ fnYyh esa gSA bldk izeq[k ok;qlsuk/;{k

gksrk gSA eq[;ky; esa ok;qlsuk/;{k dh lgk;rk ds fy, 5 vU; vf/kdkjh Hkh gksrs gSA ok;q lsuk esa dqy lkr daekM

gSA ftuesa ikap yMkdw dekaM rFkk nks leFkZu nsus okys dekaM gSA

dekaM eq[;ky;

iwohZ {ks= f”kykax

if”peh {ks= ubZ fnYyh

e/; {ks= bykgkckn

nf{k.k& if”peh {ks= tks/kiqj

nf{k.kh {ks= fr:ouUriqje~

izf”k{k.k deku caxykSj

j[k& j[kko deku ukxiqj

izf”k{k.k laLFkku (Training Institutions)

uke (Name) LFkku (Location)

ok;qlsuk dk iz”kklfud dkWyst dks;acVwj

ok;qlsuk vdkneh gSnjkckn

ok;qlsuk dk rduhdh dkWyst tykgyh

ok;qlsuk Ldwy lkaczk( csyxkao)

foeku vuqns”kd Ldwy rkacje

ok;qlsuk LVs”ku chnj

ok;qlsuk LVs”ku gdheisV

ok;qlsuk LVs”ku ;sykgadk

gSfydkWIVj izf”k{k.k Ldwy vkoMh

Hkwry izf”k{k.k Ldwy vkoMh

(Ground Training School)

Hkqry izf”k{k.k laLFkku oMksnjk vkSj cSjdiqj

(Ground Training Institue)

foeku pkyu fpfdRlk laLFkku caxyw:

(Institute of Aviation Medicine)

uksV%& Lora=rk izkfIr ds le; Hkkjr esa dqy 10 LDokMªu Fks] ijUrq vkt 50

ls Hkh vf/kd LDokMªu gSA





































12

Nrjh lSfud izf”k{k.k Ldwy vkxjk

(Paratroopers Training School)

ukSpkyu vkSj ladsr Ldwy gSnjkckn

(Navigation and Signals School)

ok;q ;q)dyk dkWyst

(College of Air Warfare ) fldanjkckn

lsuk esa deh”kaM inksa dh Jsf.k;k¡

Fky lsuk ok;q lsuk ukS lsuk

tujy ,;j phQ ek”kZy ,Mfejy

ysf¶VusaV ,;j ek”kZy okbl ,Mfejy

estj tujy ,;j okbl ek”kZy fj;j ,Mfejy

fczxsfM;j ,;j deksMksj deksMksj

duZy xzqi dSIVu dSIVu

ysf¶VusaV foax dekaMj dekaMj

estj LDOkMªu yhMj ysf¶VusaV

dSIVu ¶ykbV ysf¶VusaV ysf¶VusaV

ysf¶VusaV ¶ykbZax vkWfQlj lc& ysf¶VusaV

j{kk vuqlU/kku rFkk fodkl laxBu (DRDO)

j{kk vuqla/kku rFkk fodkl laxBu j{kk eU=ky; dh vkj ,.M Mh foax gSA ftldk y{; j{kk izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks= esa

Hkkjr dk l”kfDrdj.k djuk gSA bldk fe”ku Lons”khdj.k rFkk uokpkj }kjk lekykspukRed j{kk izkS|ksfxfd;ksa rFkk

iz.kkfy;ksa esa LOkkoyEcu izkIr djuk gSA Mh vkj Mh vks dk xBu 1958 esa fd;k x;k Fkk bls lsuk ds rduhdh

fodkl LFkkiuk vkSj mRiknu funs”kky; dk foy; dj LFkkfir fd;k x;k A

bldk eq[;ky; ubZ fnYyh esa fLFkr gSA

Hkkjr&frCcr lhek iqfyl & vDVwcj 1962 esa mrjh lhek ij gq, phuh geys ds ckn fgeky; ds catj] chgM vkSj

nqxZe {ks=ksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, ,d ,sls lefUor xqIrpj yMkdq cy dh vko”;drk eglwl dh x;h ] tks ijEijkxr

iqfyl cyksa ls vyx rjg dk gks A bl vko”;drk dks iwjk djus ds fy, Hkkjr &frCcr lhek iqfyl(ITBP)cy

dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ A

bl cy dks mrjh lhekvksa dh lqj{kk lqfuf”pr djus] lhekorhZ {ks=ksa esa jgus okysa yksaxksa esa lqj{kk dh Hkkouk c<kus

vkSj vU; lqj{kk cyksa ds lkFk leUo; j[krs gq, vUrjkZ’Vªh; vijk/kksa] rLdjh ,oa Hkkjrh; lhek esa voS/k ?kqliSB dk

ikjxeu jksdus ds nkf;Ro lksaisa x;s gSA

Hkkjr&frCcr lhek iqfyl dk eq[;ky; ubZ fnYyh esa gSA vkSj bldk v/;{k egkfuns”kd gksrk gSA

v)ZlSfud vkSj ukxfjd cy





































13

vle jkbQYl & iwoksZrj esa Hkkjr&E;kaekj lhek vkSj Hkkjr&phu lhek dh lqj{kk vle jkbQYl }kjk dh tkrh gSA

ns”k ds bl izkphure v)ZlSfud cy dh LFkkiuk 1875 bZ esa gqbZ A

;g dsUnzh; l”kL= cy gSA ftldh 31 cVkfy;usa gsA

;g cy vko”;drk iMus ij dkuwu ,oa O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kus rFkk vkarfjd lwj{kk dk;ksaZ esa ukxfjd iz”kklu dh enn

Hkh djrk gSA

jk’Vªh; lqj{kk xkMZ (NSG)=ns”k esa vkardokn dh pqukSrh dk lkeuk djus ds fy, jk’Vªh; lqj{kk xkMZ~l dh LFkkiuk

dh x;h A

;g mPp izf”k{k.k izkIr cy gSA tks vkardoknh xfrfof/kvksa ls cMs dkjxj <ax ls fucVrk gSA

dsUnzh; vkS|ksfxd lqj{kk cy (CISF)=bldh LFkkiuk 1968 esa dh xbZ A bl cy ij dsUnzh; ljdkj ds vkS|ksfxd

ifjljksa esa dke djus okys dkjhxjksa vkSj ogka dh laifr dks lqj{kk iznku djus dh ftEesnkjh gSA

bl le; ;g cy lkoZtfud {ks= ds 221 midzeksa esa dk;Z dj jgk gSA

lhek lqj{kk cy (BSF)= 1965 bZ- esa LFkkfir fd;s x;s bls laxBu dk eq[; dk;Z ns”k dh vrajkZ’Vªh; lhekvksa dh

LFk;h pkSdlh djuk gSA blls vkarfjd lqj{kk rFkk vlSfud iz”kklu esa lgk;rk lEcU/kh dk;Z Hkh fy;s tkrs gSA

bldk iz/kku egkfuns”kd gksrk gSA ,oa bldk eq[;ky; fnYyh esa gSA

dsUnzh; fjtoZ iqfyl cy (CRPF) = bldh LFkkiuk 1939 bZ esa dh x;h bldk eq[;ky; fnYyh esa gSA bldk eq[;

dk;Z lEiw.kZ ns”k esa dkuwu ,oa O;oLFkk dk;e j[kus esa jkT;ksa eh lgk;rk djuk gSA

Hkkjrh; rVj{kd cy = Hkkjrh; rVj{kd vy dk xBu la?k dh l”kL= lsuk ds :i esa 1978 bZ esa rVj{kd ny

vf/kfu;e ds vUrxZr leqnzh lhekvksa ,oa leqnzh {ks=ksa esa Hkkjr ds jk’Vªh; fgrksa dh j{kk djus ds fy, gqvk Fkk A

;g ny j{kk eU=ky; ds v/khu egkfuns”kd ]rVj{kd ny ds usr`Ro esa dk;Z djrk gSA bldk eq[;ky; ubZ fnYyh esa

gSA

jk’Vªh; dSMsV dkSj (NCC)=1948 bZ-(15 tqykbZ)esa LFkkfir jk’Vªh; dSMsM dksj (NCC),d ;qod laxBu gSA ftlesa

dkWyst ,oa fo|ky; ds Nk=&Nk=k,a LosPNk ls izos”k ik ldrs gSA

bldk mns”; ;qodksa dks usr`Ro] pfj=] lg;ksx] ns”k&izse ,oa lsok&Hkkouk dk fodkl djuk gSA tks jk’Vªh; ladV ds

le; dke vk ldrk gSA

gkse xkM~Zl = gkse xkM~Zl ;kuh x`g j{kd ny ,d Lo;alsoh cy gSA ftldk xBu 1946 bZ- esa lkaEiznkf;d naxksa vkSj

ukxfjd v”kkfUr ij dkcw ikus esa iqfyl dh lgk;rk djus ds fy, fd;k x;k Fkk A

dsjy vkSj v:.kkpy izns”k dks NksMdj lHkh jkT;ksa vkSj dsUnz”kkflr izns”kksa esa bl laxBu dk izlkj gks pqdk gSA

Hkkjrh; iz{ksikL=

vfXu&1

fdLe &lrg ls lrg

ekjd {kerk &700 fdeh0

i`Foh&1

fdLe&lrg ls lrg

ekjd {kerk &50&150 fdeh0

ukx

fdLe& ,aVh VSd felkby

ekjd {kerk & 3&7 fdeh0





































14

vfXu&2

fdLe& lrg ls lrg

ekjd {kerk 2000 fdeh0

i`Foh&2

fdLe & lrg ls lrg

ekjd {kerk & 350 fdeh0

?kuq’k

fdLe & tyiksr ls iz{ksfir(i`Foh

felkby dh fdLe) ekjd {kerk & 350 fdeh0

vfXu&3

fdLe & lrg ls lrg


izgkj &

fdLe & lrg ls lrg


lkxfjdk&

fdLe & iuMqCch ls iz{kssfir


vfXu&4

fdLe & lrg ls lrg


vkdk”k&

fdLe & lrg ls gok


czãksl&

fdLe & LVsYFk] lqijlksfud Øqt

felkby] tks iuMqCch ]tyiksr] ok;q;ku

o lrg] lHkh ls iz{ksfir


vfXu& 5

fdLe & lrg ls lrg


f=”kqy &

fdLe & lrg ls gok


“kkS;Z &

fdLe & lrg ls lrg


lekpkj& i=ksa dh nwfu;k

fo”o ds izeq[k lekpkj i=

lekpkj i= izdk”ku

LFkku

Hkk’kk

fczVsu& xkftZ;u ohdyh yUnu vaxzsth

U;w LVsV~leSu yUnu vaxzsth

Msyh fejj yUnu vaxzsth

VkbEl vkWQ yUnu yUnu vaxzsth

eSupsLVj xkftZ;u eSupSLVj vaxzsth

Msyh VsyhxzkQ yUnu vaxzsth

vesfjdk & Msyh U;wt U;w;kWdZ vaxzsth

U;w;kWdZ VkbEl U;w;kWdZ vaxzsth

:l & izkonk eWkLdks jf”k;u

tsoLrk ekWLdks jf”k;u

btosfLr;k ekWLdks jf”k;u

ikfdLrku& MkWu djkph vaxzsth

ikfdLrku VkbEl jkoyfiaMh vaxzsth

Ýkal & ys eksUMs isfjl Ýsap

phu& ihiqYl Msyh chftax phuh

baMksusf”k;k& eMsZdk tdkrkZ b.Mksusf”k;u

feL= & vy vgjke dkfgjk vjch

Hkkjr ds iqeq[k lekpkj i= &

lekpkj i= izdk”ku LFky Hkk’kk





































15

tulrk dksydkrk ]fnYyh] eqEcbZ] p.Mhx< fgUnh

uoHkkjr eqEcbZ] fnYyh fgUnh

fgUnqLrku fnYyh] iVuk] y[kuÅ] eqt¶Qjiqj]

okjk.klh

fgUnh

bdksukWfed VkbEl eqEcbZ vaxzsth

LVsV~lEkSu ubZ fnYyh] dksydkrk vaxzsth

LorU= Hkkjr y[kuÅ vaxzsth

iatkc dsljh fnYyh] tkya/kj fgUnh

fo”okfe= eqEcbZ] dkuiqj] dksydkrk] iVuk fgUnh

ohj vtqZu fnYyh fgUnh

jk’Vªh; lgkjk fnYyh] y[kuÅ] xksj[kiqj fgUnh

vej vtkyk vkxjk] cjsyh] esjB fgUnh

nSfud tkxj.k dkuiqj] cukjl] iVuk] y[kuÅ] esjB]

xksj[kiqj

fgUnh

ve`r izHkkr bykgkckn ] y[kuÅ fgUnh

jktLFkku if=dk t;iqj] caxyq: fgUnh

u;h nqfu;k bUnkSj] t;iqj fgUnh

nSfud HkkLdj Hkskiky fgUnh

fgUnqLrku VkbEl pSUubZ] dks;EcVwj ] fnYyh] gSnjkckn vaxzsth

VkbEl vkWQ bfMa;k fnYyh ]eqEcbZ ] iVuk vgenkckn

]y[kuÅ

vaxzsth

bafM;u ,Dlizsl fnYyh] eqEcbZ] pSUubZ] y[kuÅ] enwjS]

fot;okMk] vgenkckn]

vaxzsth

n fgrokn ukxiqj vaxzsth

Qkbusaf”k;y ,Dlizsl eqEcbZ] fnYyh vaxzsth

ik;fu;j y[kuÅ] fnYyh] dkuiwj vaxzsth

ve`r cktkj if=dk dksydkrk vaxzsth

vle fVªC;wu xqokgkVh vaxzsth

fVªC;wu vEckyk] p.Mhx< vaxzsth

n VsyhxzkQ dksydkrk vaxzsth

iSfVª;V fnYyh vaxzsth

ukWnZu bf.M;k y[kuÅ] bykgkckn vaxzsth

MDdu ØkWfudy caxyw: vaxzsth

fCyV~t eqEcbZ ejkBh

MDdu gsjkWYM caxyq: vaxzsth

lkeuk eqEcbZ ejkBh

fgUnqLrku LVS.MMZ dksydkrk ckaXyk

uqru vlfe;k xqokgkVh vlfe;k

vdkyh if=dk tkyU/kj iatkch

e:Hkqfe dks>hdksM ey;kye





































16

ekr`Hkqfe] lekt iztkra= dVd mfM;k

rst fnYyh mnZq

fnukoUnh enwjS] pSUubZ] dks;EcVwj rfey

fnukeyj pSUubZ ] enwjS rfey

ey;kyk euksjek fr:ouUriqje ey;kye

lekpkj vtsafl;k¡

,tsalh ns”k

ih0 Vh0 vkbZ0 (fgUnh esa ^Hkk’kk) Hkkjr

;w0 ,u0 vkbZ0 (fgUnh esa ^ okrkZ) Hkkjr

lkekpkj Hkkjrh Hkkjr

fgUnqLrku lkekpkj Hkkjr

bafM;u U;wt lfoZl(vkbZ0 ,u0 ,l0) Hkkjr

bafM;u U;wt ,.M Qhpj ,;jykabl Hkkjr

jk;VlZ fczVsu

,tsUlh Ýkal izsl (,0 ,Q0 ih0 ) Ýkal

;qukbVsM iszl vkWQ vesfjdk vesfjdk

b.Vjus”kuy U;wt lfoZl(vkbZ0 ,u0 ,l0) vesfjdk

,lksfl,VsM izsl(,0 ih0) vesfjdk

rkl :l

varkjk b.Mksusf”k;k

vjc U;wt ,tsUlh vjc ds ns”k

Xykscy U;wt ,tsUlh uhnjyS.M~l

U;w pkbuk U;wt ,tsUlh phu

izeq[k ys[kd ,oa iqLrdsa

izkphu dky

ys[kd iqLrd ys[kd iqLrd

fo’.kq “kekZ iapra= {ksesaUnz o`gRdFkk eatjh ]jkek;.k eatjh]

egkHkkjr eatjh ]n”kkorkjpfjr]

le;kek=d

lksenso HkV~V dFkklfjRlkxj okjkgfefgj o`gr~lafgrk

vej falag vejdks”k frjoYywoj dq:y ;k frjDdqjy

fo”kk[kknRr eqnzkjk{kl] nsohpanzxqIr]

lqHkkf’krkoyh

n.Mh n”kdqekj pfjr] ,ofur lqUnjh dFkk]

dkO;kn”kZ

Hkkl LoIuoklonre~(igyk laiw.kZ

ukVd )

iartfy egkHkk’;

pjd pjd lafgrk lqJqr lqJqr lafgrk

gky xkFkk lIr”krh (izkdr) ikf.kuh v’Vk/kk;h





































17

okRL;k;u dkelw= ukxlsu fefyUniUgks

v”Ok?kks’k cq)pfjr] lkSUnjkuan]

lkfjiq= izdj.k ]

lw=kyadkj] egk;ku

J)ksRin

ukxktqZu “krlgfL=dk] izKkikjferk] ek/;fedk

lw= dkfjdk

foKkus”Okj ferk{kjk t;nso xhr xksfoUn] panzkyksd

ck.kHkV~V g’kZpfjr] dknEcjh jkt”ks[kj diZwjeatjh] dkO;ehekalk] Hkqoudks”k]

cky jkek;.k] izcU/kdks”k]

fo}”kkyHkaftdk] izpaM ikaMo ] cky

egkHkkjr

es:rax izca/k fparkef.k ] Hkkst pfjr Jhg’kZ uS’k/kh;pfjr] [kaMu[kaM [kk|]

fIyuh uSpqjy fgLVªh gfj’ks.k o`gRdFkk dks”k

Hkkjfo fdjkrktqZfu;e~ dkfynkl dqekjlaHko]j?kqoa”k(egkdkO;)_rqlagkj]

([k.MdkO; )]es?knwr

(fxfrdkO;),ekyfodkfXuofe=]

fodzeksoZ”khe~] vfHkKku

“kkdqarye~(ukVd) okXifrjkt xkSMogks(xkSMo/k) fcYg.k fodzekadnopfjr] d.kZlqanjh ukfVdk

pkSj iapkf”kdk

dYg.k jktrajfx.kh (d”ehj dk

bfrgkl )

dkSfVY; vFkZ”kkL=

“kqnzd e`PNdfVde` Hkkstjkt ljLofrd.BkHkj.k] Jaxkj izdk”k

gsepUnz dkO;kuq”kklu g’kZo/kZu ukxkuan] Hkxon~xhrk (laLd`r)

e/;dky

pUncjnkbZ i`Fohjkt jklks xksLokeh rqylhnkl jkepfjr ekul] fu; if=dk ]

dforkoyh(fgUnh) vCnwyk lhjkth rkjh[k &,& olQ vyc:uh fdrkcqy fgUn(rgdhd&, &

fgUn),dkuwu ,y elwnh

mRch rkjh[k , ;kfeuh glu futkeh rktqy ekflj

feugkt my fljkt rcdkr , ukfljh vehj [kqljks [kkfyd ckjh] rqxydukek

ft;kmn~nhu cjuh Qrok&,& tgkanjh fQjkst”kkg rqxyd Qrqgkr , fQjkt”kkgh

“kEl fljkt vQhQ rkjh[k , fQjkst”kkgh ;kák fcu vgen^

ljfgUnh ^

rkjh[k&,& eqckjd”kkgh

[oktk vCnwyk Qrwg& ml& lykrhu efyd ^blkeh^

ckcj

ckcjukek ;k rqtqd&,& ckcjh (rqdhZ

Hkk’kk) xqyycnu csxe gqek;q¡ukek vCckl [kku ljokuh rkjh[k&,& “ksj”kkgh

vcqy Qty vdcjukek vcqy dkfnj eqar[kkc&mr& rokjh[k





































18

(vkbus&,&vdcjh ) ^cnk;q¡uh^

[oktk futkeqn~nhu

vgen

rcdkr , vdcjh tgk¡xhj rqtqd , tgkaxhjh

vCnqy gehn ykgkSjh ckn”kkgkukek eq0lkfnd [kku “kkgtgkaukek

fetkZ eq0 dkfle vkyexhjukek eqgEen gkf”ke^[kQh

[kk¡^

eqUr[kkc my yqCckc

bZ”oj nkl esgrk Qqrgkr , vkyexhjh efyd eksgEen

tk;lh

in~ekor

dchjnkl chtd xq: vtqZu nso vkfn xzUFk (iatkch) vk/kqfud dky

vjfoUn ?kks’k ykbQ fMokbu] ,lst vkWu

xhrk] lkfo+f=

v;ks/;k flag

mik/;k;^gfjvkSe^

fiz; izokl

ve`rk izhre dkxt rS dSuokl] jlhnh

fVdV] dksjs dkxt] ,d

[kkyh txg] eu fetkZ ru

lkfgcka

vk”kkiq.kZ nsoh izFke izfrJqfr ] lqo.kZyrk] izkjC/k

vkpk;Z jtuh”k fjVfuZax Vw n lkslZ] bfUM;k

ekbZ yo

v:a/kfr jk; n xkWM vkWQ LekWy fFkaXl] xzsVj

dkWeu xqM] ,u ,ytsczk vkWQ

buQkbV tfLVl

v”kksd esgrk bdksukWfed Iykfuax vkWQ

bafM;k

cafde pUnz pVthZ vkuan eB] diky daMyk] nqxsZ”k

uafnuh] fo’ko`{k ] pUnz”ks[kj

fo’.kq izHkkdj vkokjk ] elhgk ] esjk oru Hkxorh pj.k oekZ fp=ys[kk] v/kqjk Li”kZ

foHkqfr Hkq’k.k

ca|ksik/;k;

ikFksj ikapkyh foey fe= q lkgc] choh vkSj xqyke

fo’.kq [kakMsdj ;;kfr Hkh’e lkguh clUrh] rel] uhyw]uhfyek]uhyksQj

HkkjrsUnw gfj”pUnz lR; gfj”pUnz ] Hkkjr

nwnZ”kk] va/ksj uxjh

o`Unkou yky oekZ >kalh dh jkuh ]e`xu;uh

ch0 ,l0 fxMokuh n LokWMZ vkWQ Vhiw lqYrku nsodhuanu [k=h panzdkark larfr

/keZohj Hkkjrh xqukgksa dk nsork] duqfiz;k Mkse eksjsl felst xka/kh

MkW0 jktsUnz izlkn bafM;k fMokbMsM MkW0 jk/kkd`’.ku~ fgUnw O;w vkWQ ykbQ] ,su

vkbfM;fuLV O;w vkWQ ykbQ ]

bafM;u fQykWlQh] bZLV ,aM osLV bu

fjyhtu

fnus”k flag nqoMZl U;w gksfjftUl Q.kh”oj ukFk js.kw eSyk vk¡py ] ijrh ifjdFkk

gfjoa”kjk; cPpu e/kq”kkyk bafnjk xk¡/kh baVjuy bafM;k] ekbZ VwFk] ihiwYl ,.M

izkWCYkEl

tokgj yky usg: fMLdojh vkWQ bafM;k ]

fXyEilst vkWQ oYMZ

t;”kadj izlkn dkek;uh] vk¡lq ] pUnzxqIr ] dadky]

frryh ] isze ifFkd





































19

fgLVªh]vkWVkWck;kWxzkQh ]

bfM;k ,.M nh oYMZ ], cap

vkWQ vkWYM ysVlZ

txthou jke dkLV pSysat bu bafM;k t;izdk”k ukjk;.k fiztu Mk;jh] VqoM~Zl VksV fjoksY;w”ku

ds0 ,e0 eqa”kh vkbZ Qkyks n egkRek dSQh vkteh vkokjk ltns

deys”oj dkyh vak/kh] fdrus

ikfdLrku

ds0 ,e- if.kDdj ,f”k;k ,aM osLVuZ MkWfeusal

[kq”koar flag n fl[k VqMs] xq:t] xkWM

eSu] xqM ihiqYL ] bafnjk

xka/kh fjVUlZ ] Vªsu Vw

ikfdLrku ] bu daiuh vkWQ

foeSu ]VqFk&yo ,aM fyfVy

eSykbl] cqd vkWQ

vuQkWjxsVscy] oqeSu] ekbZ

CyhfMax iatkc] ikfdLrku

esy] , fgLVªh vkWQ flD[k ]

foeSu ,.M eSu bu ekbZ

ykbQ

ds0 ih0 ,l0 esuu esuh oYMZ~l] ;LVjMs ,aM VqMs

dqynhi uS;j ttesaV ] fjiksVZ vkWu

vQxkfuLrku] fcVohu n

EykbUl] bafM;k] vk¶Vj

usg:]lizslu vkWQ ttst]

n ekVkZbj

fdj.k csnh ÝhMe fcgkbUM cklZ] OgkV osaV jkx

ykyk yktirjk; vugSIih bfM;k ,y0 ds0 vkMok.kh , fiztulZ LØSi cqd

ekSykuk vCkqy

dyke vktkn

xqckjs [kkfrj(mnwZ)] bfM;k

foul ÝhMe(vaxzsth )

fetkZ xkfyc nhokus xkfyc

eqa”kh izsepUn xksnku] xcu] jaxHkaqfe]

lsok&lnu] lksts oru]

fueZyk eSnkusoQk]izse iphlk

egknsoh oekZ ;kek] uhgkfjdk ] uhjtk ]lka/;xhr

eSFkyh”kj.k xqIr lkdsr] ;”kks/kjk

]Hkkjr&Hkkjrh] t;nzFk o/k

eksjkjth nslkbZ n LVksjh vkWQ ekbZ ykbQ

egkRek xka/kh ekbZ ,DlisjhesaV~l fon VwFk]

bfM;u gkse:y] ekbZ vYkhZ

ykbQ

,e0 vkj0 ,0 csx n eqfLye Mkbysek bu bafM;k

uhjn lh pkS/kjh vkVksck;ksxzkQh vkWQ ,u

vuuksu bfM;u , islst Vw

baXysa.M dkafVusaV vkWfQllZ

fgUnqbTe

u;urkjk lgxy , ok;l vkWQ ÝhMe] fiztu ,M

pkdysV dsd

ukud flag bd E;ku nks ryokjk ]ifo= oh0 ih0 flaUgk ,oa U;qfDy;j ikfdLrku





































20

ikih lqczã.;e

johUnzukFk VSxksj xhrkatfr] xksjk xkMZuj]

iksLV vkWfQl] fp=k] fØlsaV

ewu] n jsad] gkse ,aM oYMZ]

n fdax vkWQ MkdZ pSEcj]

jkt _f’k] foltZu] gaxzh

LVksu] n dksVZ MkUlj ]

vkj0 ds0 ukjk;.k n xkbM] feLVj lEir] n osUMj vkWQ

LohV~l] n eSu bZVlZ vkWQ ekyxqMh] ,

Vkbxj QkWj ekyxqMh] ekbZ Mst

ekyxqMh isaVj vkWQ lkabZl

ia0 jfo”kadj ekbZ E;wftd] ekbZ ykbQ jke/kkjh flag moZ”kh] dq:{ks=] jf”ejFkh] laLd`fr ds

pkj v/;k;

jkepUnz “kqDy fparkef.k jktsUnz flag csnh ,d pknj eSyh lh

vkj0 lh0 nr thou izHkkr] lekt] lalkj ljksftuh uk;Mw czskdsu foax] lkax vkQ bafM;k ]

xksYMsy FkzslgksYM] n lsIVMZ ¶ywV oMZ

vkWQ Vkbe ]

“kjr paUnz

pV~Vksik/;k;

nsonkl] x`gnkg ]pfj=ghu]

tkxj.k ] “ks’k iz”u]

lqfe=kuanu iar ;qxok.kh] xzkE;k] ;qxkUr] rkjkiFk]

fpnEcjk]

lq;ZdkUr f=ikBh

fujkyk

ifjey] tqgh dh dyh]

dqdqjeqrk]

lfPpnkuUn ghjkuUn unh ds }hi] fdruh ukoksa esa

okRL;ku ^ vKs;^ fdruh ckj ] “ks[kj ,d

thouh

lqHknzk dqekjh pkSgku >k¡lh dh jkuh

lqHkk’k pUnz cksl ,u bafM;u fiyfxze] n

bfM;u LVªxy

lquhy xkoLdj luh Mst] vk;fM;Yl

lfjrk cU/kq dU;knku Lokeh n;kuan lR;kFkZ izdk”k

misUnz ukFk ^ v”d^ t;&ijkt; fodze lsB ,u bZDoy E;wftd] , L;wVscy CkWk;]

Vw ykboTk]

oh0 oh0 fxjh tkWc QkWj vkWoj fefy;Ul oh0 ,l0 ukW;iky , ySaM bu n fjoj] , ,fj;k vkWQ

MkdZusl] ,eax n fcyholZ] bfM;ka ,

owUMsM] flfoykbts”ku xwfjYyk

ohj lkojdj okj vkWQ bafM;u bfMisaUMsal rLyhek uljhu yTtk mry gok] Qzsap yoj] esjs

cpiu ds fnu

uohure iqLrdsa

nykbZ ykek fc;ksaM fjyhtu %,fFkDl

QkWj , gksy oYMZ

czsV yh ekbZ ykbZQ

vfHkuo fcanzk , “kkWV ,V fgLVªh MkWu Qqyle fuDlUl MkdsZLV lhdszV~l

eerk cuthZ ekbZ vuQkWjxsVscy eseksjht iou dqekj oekZ Ogsu ykWl bt xsu

Vh0vkbZ0bZ0pSUubZ

(pSsUubZ dk ,d

,uthvks )

Mªhe Vw MsfLVuh&n Mªkbfoax

fLizV vkWQ pSUubZt

baVjizsU;wlZ

bZ0 ,u0 nRrk n fVªC;wu 130 bZ;lZ % v foVusl Vw

fgLVªh

tqfu;u cUlZ n lsal vkWQ ,u ,afMax dksaMksyhtk jkbl ukW gk;j vkWulZ





































21

xsjkZM fofy;El vkSj

fleksu baLVu

xz oqYQ& n ,Ldsi vkWQ

,MksYQ fgVyj

“kks;c v[rj daVªksof”kZ;yh ;kslZ

vjfoan ,fDyIl% fyfoax bu “kSMksa

vkWQ

lqczefu;e pkbukt bdksukWfed Msfeusal

xzsx psIiy fQ;lZ Qksdl nhfIr uoy n eSM fVcsVu& LVksjht ÝkWe nsu ,saM

ukm lh-ds - izgykn ,oa

xSjh gesy

dEihfVax QkWj ¶;wpj pkYlZ gSaMh n csLV vkWQ vujhtu

Msfjy gs;j n csLV baVjLV~l vkWQ n

xse

lrh”k “kekZ ikfdLrku dh gdhdr ls :c:

bejku [kku bejku olsZl bejku% n

vUVksYM LVksjh

[kq”koar flag VcZM VksjuSMks

lqjs”k Mh- rasnwydj jhbaVhxzsfVax bafM;k fon n

oYMZ bdksukWeh

lqjs”k Mh- rsanwydj vaMjLVSfMax fjQWkElZ

,l0 okbZ0 dqjS”kh vksYM MsYgh fyfoax VsªfM”ku jtuk flaUgk ukWV esM bu gsou

bjfou ,yu lhyks n VªkWVj ukek vferkHk ?kks’k jhoj vkWQ Leksd

,aMª;w LVªkWl fofuax n ,”kst Mkmu vaMj%

n dSIVsal LVksj

iz.ko eq[kthZ ,oa

vU; fo”ks’kK

n lsafVujh fgLVªh vkWQ bafM;u

us”kuy dkaxzsl

boku bY;hp ,uthZ ,aM bfDoVh tkslsQ ysyhosYM LVªxy fon bafM;k

fodkl dqekj >k eSDywLdhxat fl)kFkZ eq[kthZ n ,Eisjj vkWQ vky esysMht % ,

ck;ksxzkQh vkWQ dSlj

tsfuQj , foftV Ýkae n xkWu

LDokM

izks- ,l- ,y- HkSjIik eanz

eSYde LihM fLVeh fodsV MkW0 dj.k flag d”ehj ,aM fc;ksUM 1966&84

,e0 ,l0

LokehukFku

ÝkWe xzhu Vw ,ojxzhu

fjoksY;w”ku % bfM;u

,xzhdYpj ijQkWesZl ,aM

pSysatst

Dykbo tktZ n VqFk ,ckmV VªsaM % n fj;y baiSDV

fycjykbts”ku

twgh flUgk fcfLeYykg [kku% n ekbLVªks

ÝkWe cukjl

vatqe pksiMk ,oa

lquhy ;”k dkyjk

ohesal fdzdsV oYMZ

lhrk czãpkjh vkVhZpksd gVZ tsjkses ekbMk ekdZ tqdsjcxZ % fdz,Vj vkQ Qslcqd

t;ar ysys Ogsu vkbZ okt ns;j ds0 ih0 flag okWV,oj nh vkM~l% n bafdzfMcy

LVksjh fcgkabM Mh,y,Q

vkdk”k pksiMk vkmV vkWQ n CY;w %

jktLFkkal jksM Vw j.kth

VªkWQh

tksxsanj flag lhchvkbZ ,aM 2&th





































22

la;qDr jk’Vª la?k

la;qDRk jk’Vª la?k dh LFkkiuk 24 vDVwcj ] 1945 dks gqbZ Fkh A bldk iz/kku dk;kZy; U;w;kWdZ esa gSA vkSj

blds lnL;ksa dh orZeku la[;k 193 gSA

vaxzsth] Ýsap] phuh] vjch] vkSj Lisfu”] la;qDr jk’Vª la?k dh dk;kZy; dh Hkk’kk,a gSA tcfd dk;Zdkjh Hkk’kk,a

vaaxzsth vkSj Ýsap gSA

la;qDr jk’Vª ds /ot dh i`’BHkqfe gYdh uhyh gSA vkSj ml ij “osr jax ls jk’Vª la?k dk izrhd cuk gqvk

gSA ;g izrhd & nks tSrwu dh odzkdkj “kk[kk,a tks Åij ls [kqyh gSA vkSj muds chp esa fo”o dk ekufp=

cuk gSA

la;qDr jk’Vª la?k dh lnL;rk dk }kj mu lHkh “kkafrfiz; jk’Vªksa ds fy, [kqyk gSA tks ftEesnkfj;ksa dks

Lohdkj djsa vkSj la?k ds pkVZj esa fo”okl j[krsa gksa A u;s “kkfey ns”kksa esa o’kZ 2011 esa nf{k.k lqMku 193 oka

lnL; cuk

la;qDr jk’Vª la?k ds izeq[k vax

egklHkk(General Assembly)-

;g la;qDr jk’Vª la?k dk ,dek= vax gSA ftlesa la?K ds lHkh lnL; ns”kksa dks lnL;rk izkIr gSA ,oa bUgsa

leku erkf/kdkj fn;k x;k gSA bldk vf/kof”ku o’kZ esa de ls de ,d ckn vo”; cqyk;k tkrk gSA tks

lkekU;r% flrEcj ekg esa U;w;kWdZ esa gksrk gSA egklHkk dks “kkfUr ]lqj{kk ,oa lg;ksx ls lEcf/kr egRoiq.kZ

dk;ksZ dk nkf;Ro iznku fd;k x;k gSA

lqj{kk ifj’kn (Security council)-

lqj{kk ifj’kn fo”o “kkfUr ,oa lqj{kk ls lEcfU/kr la;qDr jk’Vª la?k ds nkf;Roksa dks iwjk djus okyh

vkns”kkRed laLFkk gSA blds ikap LFkk;h lnL; gSA vesfjdk] fczVsu] phu] Ýkal rFkk :l A tc rd lqj{kk

ifj’kn dk vfLrRo gSA rc rd bu ikapksa dh LFkk;h lnL;rk cuh jgsxh A lqj{kk ifj’kn ds nl vLFkk;h

lnL; Hkh gksrs gSA ftUgsa egklHkk }kjk nks o’kksaZ ds fy, pquk tkrk gSA vLFkk;h lnL;ksa esa lkekU;r% ikap

vÝhdh ,f”k;kbZ ns”kk ls ] nks yfVu vesfjdk] nks if”peh ;wjksi rFkk ,d iwohZ ;wjksi ls pquk tkrk gSA

vaxzsth o.kZekyk ds v{kjksa ds dze ls lHkh ns”k ,d&,d ekl ds fy, lqj{kk ifj’kn dh v/;{krk djrs gSA

lqj{kk ifj’kn ds izR;sd LFkk;h lnL; dks fu’ks/kkf/kdkj (Veto)izkIr gksrk gSA bl O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj ;fn

ikap LFkk;h lnL;ksa esa ls dksbZ ,d Hkh fdlh egRoiq.kZ fu.kZ; ds foi{k esa oksV ns nsrk gSA rks og fo’k;

vLOkhd`r le>k tk,xk A

vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd ifj’kn (Economic And Social Council)-

bl ifj’kn ds 54 lnL; gSA blds dk;ksZ esa ;q) ,oa “kL= dh jktuhfr dks NksMdj vUrjkZ’Vªh; egRo ds

lHkh fo’k; vkrs gSA ;g vkfFkZd] lkekftd] f”k{kk rFkk LOkkLF; ls lEcfU/kr fofHkUu leL;kvksa dk v/;;u

dj mu ij fjiksVZ rS;kj djrh gSA rFkk muls lEcfU/kr lq>ko egklHkk ,oa vU; lEcfU/kr laLFkkvksa dks

Hkstrh gSA





































23

vUrjkZ’Vªh; U;k;ky;(International Court of Justice)-

bl U;k;ky; esa 15 lnL; gksrs gSA tks egklHkk ,oa lqj{kk ifj’kn }kjk fuokZfpr fd;s tkrs gSA bldk

eq[;ky; gsx(uhnjyS.M) esa gSA vUrjkZ’Vªh; fof/k ds {ks= esa ekU;rk izkIr O;fDr gh U;k;k/kh”k ds :i esa pqus

tkrs gSA U;k;k/kh”ksak dk dk;Zdky 9 o’kksZ dk gksrk gSA ij muds nksckjk pqus tkus ij dksbZ izfrcU/k ugha gSA

;g U;k;ky; fdlh fookn ds fo’k; ij fooknxzLr ns”kksa }kjk ekeyk mifLFkr fd;s tkus ij mlds lEcU/k

esa fu.kZ; nsrk gSA

U;kl ifj’kn(Trusteeship Council)-

bl ifj’kn ds ek/;e ls la;qDr jk’Vª dk mu jk’Vªksa ds iz”kklu ,oa lqj{kk ls lEcfU/kr nkf;Ro Li’V gksrk

gSA tks f}rh; fo”o ;q) ds i”pkr Hkh Lora= ugha gks ik;s A blesa 11 jkT; j[ks x;s] ftuesa fczfV”k

VkscskyS.M] Ýkalhlh VkscksyS.M] dSe:u] lksekyhyS.M] Vaxkfudk] if”pe leksvk vkfn dks Lora=rk izkIr gks

pqdh gSA

lfpoky;( Secretariat)-

;g la;qDr jk’Vª dk iz”kklfud vax gSA lfpoky; esa ,d egklfpo rFkk vU; deZpkjh gksrs gSA egklfpo

dh fu;qfDr 5 o’kksZ ds fy, ifj’kn dh flQkfj”k ij egklHkk }kjk dh tkrh gSA ?kkuk ds dksQh vUuku

1997 ls vc rd la;qDr jk’Vªla?k ds egklfpo gSA

la;qDr jk’Vª la?k ds fof”k’V vfHkdj.k

la;qDr jk’Vª f”k{kk] foKku rFkk lkaLd`frd laxBu(UNESCO)-

;wusLdks dh LFkkiuk uoEcj]1946 esa gqbZ Fkh vkSj bldk eq[;ky; isfjl(France)esa gSA ;g la;qDr jk’Vª dh

lakLd`frd xfrfof/kvksa dh loZizeq[k laLFkk gSA ftldk mn~ns”; f”k{kk] foKku ,oa laLd`fr ds izlkj rFkk

jk’Vªksa ds chp ckSf)d ,oa lkaLd`frd {ks=ksa esa lg;ksx ds ek/;e ls ekuo lH;rk ,oa laLd`fr ds fodkl esa

;ksxnku nsuk gSA

vUrjkZ’Vªh; iqufuZekZ.k ,oa fodkl cSad(World Bank)-

bldh LFkkiuk 1944 bZ esa fczVsu oqV~l dkWUÝsl ds lkFk dh x;h] tks fo”o ds /kuh ,oa fu/kZu ns”kksa dk izFke

lEesyu Fkk bldk eq[;ky; okaf”kxVu Mh0 lh0 esa gSA ftls ge fo”o cSad dgrs gSA og oLrqr% pkj

laLFkkvksa dk lewg gSA ;s gS &

1945 esa LFkkfir ^ vUrjkZ’Vªh; iqufuekZ.k vkSj fodkl cSad^

1956 esa LFkkfir ^ vUrjkZ’Vªh; for fuxe ^

1916 esa LFkkfir ^ vUrjkZ’Vªh; fodkl la?k^ vkSj

1988 esa LFkkfir ^ eYVhysVjy fuos”k xkjUVh ,tsUlh A

fo”o cSad dk iz/kku mn~ns”; iwath fuos”k fu;kstu dh lqfo/kk nsdj lnL;ksa ds izns”kksa ds iwufuZekZ.k ,oa

fodkl esa lgk;rk nsuk gSA ;g futh fons”kh iaqth fu;kstu dks izksRlkgu nsrk gS vkSj lnL; jkT;ksa dks





































24

futh iqath miyC/k u gksus ij mUgsa _.k nsrk gSA ;g lnL; jkT;ksa dh vkfFkZd lqfo/kkvksa ds fodkl ds

fy, /ku m/kkj nsrk gSA orZeku esa blds lnL; ns”kksa dh la[;k 188 gSA

vUrjkZ’Vªh; eqnzk dks’k (IMF)-

bldh LFkkiuk fnlEcj1945 esa gqbZ vkSj bldk eq[;ky; okf”kaxVu Mh0 lh0 esa gSA orZeku esa blds lnL;

ns”kksa dh la[;k 188 gSA

bldh LFkkiuk fo”o ds fofHkUu jk’Vªksa ds chp ekSfnzd lg;ksx dk ToyUr mnkgj.k gSA

blds izeq[k mns”; gS %& 1- vUrjkZ’Vªh; ekSfnzd lg;ksx dh mUufr djuk 2- vUrjkZ’Vªh; O;kikj dks c<kuk

3- fofue; njksa dks LFkk;h cukuk] 4- vUrjkZ’Vªh; Hkqxrkuksa ds vUrjksa dh fo’kerk dks nwj djuk] 5-

vUrjkZ’Vªh; Hkqxrku vlUrqyu dks de djuk vkSj 6- YkkHk ds dkeksa esa iwath yxkuk A

vUrjkZ’Vªh; Je laxBu(ILO)-

bldh LFkkiuk izFke fo”o ;q) ds ckn 11 vizsy 1919 dks gqbZ Fkh rFkk bldk eq[;ky; tsusok

(fLoV~tjyS.M) esa gSA ;g laxBu vUrjkZ’Vªh; Lrj ij Jfedksa dh fLFkrh esa lq/kkj djus ] thou Lrj mUur

djus vkSj vkfFkZd rFkk lkekftd “kkfUr cuk;s j[kus dh dksf”k”k djrk gSA ;g fo”o esa Jfed] ekfyd

vkSj ljdkj ds f=fon lg;ksx dk iz;Ru djus okyk lcls cMk laxBu gSA

[kk| ,oa d`f’k laxBu (FAO)-

bldh LFkkiuk 1943 esa gqbZ vkSj bldk eq[;ky; jkse ¼bVyh½ esa gSA

bldk mns”; fo”o esa [kk|kuksa dh vkiwfrZ dks lq/kkjuk gSA ftlds fy, ;g d`f’k ;ksX; vko”;d midj.kksa

,oa rduhdksa ds izlkj dks vko”;d le>rk gSA

fo”o LokLF; laxBu( WHO)- bldh LFkkiuk 1948 esa dh x;h rFkk bldk eq[;ky; tsuso

(fLoV~tjyS.M ) esa gSA bldk mns”; laiw.kZ fo”o ds yksaxksa dks LokLF; dk mre Lrj izkIr djkuk gSA

vUrjkZ’Vªh; for fuxe(IFC)-

bldh LFkkiuk tqykbZ 1956 esa gqbZ rFkk bldk eq[;ky; okf”kaxVu Mh0 lh0 esa gsa ;|fi ;g laLFkk fo”o

cSad ls fudV :i ls lEc) gS rFkkfi ;g ,d izFkd bZdkbZ gSA bldk mns”; fodkl”khy jkT;ksa esa fuft

m|ksaxksa dks forh; lgk;rk nsuk gSA

vUrjkZ’Vªh; ijek.kq ÅtkZ vfHkdj.k (IAEA)-

;g laLFkk tqykbZ 1957 esa vfLrRo esa vkbZ vkSj bldk eq[;ky; fo;uk(vkfLVª;k) esa gSA bldk mns”;

ijek.kq ÅtkZ dk iz;ksx “kkafr ,oa fodkl dk;ksZ esa djus ds fy, izsfjr djuk gSA ;g le;≤ ij ijh{kk

djrk jgrk gSA dh ijek.kq ÅtkZ dk nq:i;ksx fo/oalkRed dk;ksaZ esa u fd;k tk, A

la;qDr jk’Vª vkS|ksfxd fodkl laxBu(UNIDO)-

bldh LFkkiuk 1967 esa gqbZ vkSj bldk eq[;ky; ekafVª;y (dukMk) esa gSA bldk mns”; vUrjkZ’Vªh; lgefr

dks LFkkfir djuk ,oa muesa lg;ksx dks c<kok nsuk gSA

fo”o Mkd la?k(WPU)-





































25

bldh LFkkiuk 1974 esa dh xbZ Fkh A vkSj bldk eq[;ky; cuZ( fLoV~tjyS.M ) esa gSA bldk mns”;

vUrjkZ’Vªh; Mkd O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj djuk rFkk mls vf/kd l{ke cukuk gSA

vUrjkZ’Vªh; nwjlapkj la?k (ITU)-

bldh LFkkiuk 1934 esa dh xbZ vkSj bldk eq[;ky; tsusok(fLoV~tjyS.M) esa gSA bl la?k dk mns”;

VsyhQksu] jsfM;ks] ,oa nwjlapkj ds vU; lk/kuksa ds iz;ksx dk leUo; djuk gSA ,oa mudh ykxr] lqj{kk ,oa

dk;kZUo;u dks ,d lkekU; :i iznku djuk gSA

fo”o ekSle foKku laxBu(WMO)-

bldh LFkkiuk 1951 esa gqbZ vkSj bldk eq[;ky; tsusok ( fLoV~tjyS.M) esa gSA bldk mns”; ekSle ds

v/;;u esa fodflr fof/k;ksa dk iz;ksx djuk ,oa ekSle ij lwpuk ds lkekU; izfreku LFkkfir djuk gSA

la;qDr jk’Vª la?k vUrjkZ’Vªh; f”k”kq vkikr dks’k(UNICEF) -

bldh LFkkiuk 1946 esa gqbZ Fkh vkSj bldk eq[;ky; U;w;kWdZ esa gSA ;g ,d v)ZLok”kkflr laLFkk gSA

ftldk izeq[k mns”; LokLF; vkSj ikS’k.k vkfn dk;Zdzeksa esa ek/;e ls cky dY;k.k dk;ksZ esa lkg;ksx nsuk

gSA bl mns”; dh iwfrZ ds fy, ;g laLFkk cPpksa ds LokLF; lq/kkj] ikSf’Vd Hkkstu] f”k{kk O;oLFkk ,oa vU;

dk;Zdzeksa dk lapkyu djrh gSA

la;qDr jk’Vª fodkl dk;ZØe(UNDP) -

;g la;qDr jk’Vª ds vfHkdj.kksa esa lokZf/kd o`gr ,oa cgqi{kh; fodkl dk;ZØesak ls ;qDr gSA bldk eq[;ky;

U;w;kWdZ esa gSA bldk mns”; vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa vkS|ksfxd foLrkj ds dk;aZØeksa ds fy, forh; ,oa rduhdh

lgk;rk nsuk gSA

tula[;k fu;a=.k gsrq jk’Vª dks’k (UNEPA) -

;g 1967 esa LFkkfir gqvk vkSj bldk eq[;ky; U;w;kWdZ esa gSA bl laLFkk dk mns”; tula[;k fua;=.k ,oa

ifjokj fu;kstu ds dk;ZØeska dsk lefUor djuk ,oa mUgsa izksRlkgu nsuk gSA

fo”o O;kikj laxBu (WTO) -

bldh LFkkiuk 1 tuojh 1995 dks dh xbZ vkSj bldk eq[;ky; tsusok(fLoV~tjyS.M) esa gSA

bl le; blds lnL; ns”kksa dh la[;k 161 gSA bldk mns”; fo”o O;kikj dks fu;fer djuk gSA fo”o

O;kikj laxBu ds lnL; ns”kksa ds eaf=;ksa dh cSBd izR;sd 2 o’kZ esa gksrh gSA

fo”o ckSf)d laink laxBu(WIPO) -

;g 1967 esa LFkkfir gqvk ,oa bldk eq[;ky; tsusok (fLoV~tjy.M) esa gSA bldk mns”; ckSf)d

lEinkvksa dk vkdyu ,oa muls lEcf/kr le>ksrksa dks laiUu djkuk gSA

vUrjkZ’Vªh; “kj.kkFkhZ laxBu (UNHCR) -

bldh LFkkiuk 1948 esa dh x;h vkSj bldk eq[;ky; tsusok (fLoV~tjyS.M) esa gSA ;g laLFkk ,sls O;fDr;ksa

dks laj{k.k iznku djrh gSA vkSj “kj.kkFkhZ leL;k dks fucVkus ds fy, iz;kl djrh gSA





































26

vU; vUrjkZ’Vªh; laxBu

jk’VªeaMy& bldh LFkkiuk 1946 esa gqbZ Fkh vkSj bldk eq[;ky; yanu esa gSA ewyr% bldk uke fczfV”k

dkWeuosYFk Fkk] ijUr q vc bldk uke ^dkWeuosYFk^ ;kfu jk’VªeaMy dj fn;k x;k gSA tks Hkh ns”k igys xzsV

fczVsu ds v/khu Fks ] os LosPNk ls blds lnL; cuk;s tk ldrs gSA fczVSu dh egkjkuh bldh v/;{k gSA

orZeku esa 53 ns”k blds lnL; gSA tks fo”o ds ns”kksa dk yxHkx ,d &frgkbZ gSA jk’VªeaMy ds lnL;

jk’Vª ds vanj nwljs jk’Vª ds jktuf;d izfrfuf/k dk inuke mPpk;qDr (gkbZ dfe”uj) gksrk gSA u fd

jktnwr (,acslMj)

vjc yhx & bldh LFkkiuk 22 ekpZ 1945 dks gqbZ Fkh vkSj bldk eq[;ky; V~;wuhf”k;k esa gSA bldk eq[;

mns”; vjc ns”kksa ds chp ijLij vkfFkZd lEcU/kksa dks lqn< djuk gSA orZeku esa 22 ns”k blds lnL; gSA

vkfl;ku (ASEAN)& bldk iwjk uke ^,lksfl;s”ku vkWQ lkmFk bZLV ,f”k;u us”kUl(Association of

south East Asian Nations)gSA

bldk xBu 7 vxLr]1969 dks gqvk vkSj bldk eq[;ky; tdkrkZ (bMksusf”k;k esa gSA orZeku esa blds

lnL; ns”kksa dh la[;k 10 gSA & baMksusf”k;k] FkkbZyS.M] fQyhihUl] eysf”k;k flaxkiqj] czqusbZ] fo;ruke]

E;kaekj] ykvksl] vkSj dEcksfM;k aAbldk mns”; nf{k.kh ,f”k;k esa vkfFkZd izxfr dks Rofjr djuk vkSj

LFkkf;Ro dks cuk;s j[kuk gSA ;g laLFkk ijLij vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd] lkaLd`frd] rduhdh rFkk O;oLFkkid

lg;ksx djrh gSA

mrjh vaVykafVd laf/k laxBu (Nato) & bldh LFkkiuk 4 viSzy 1949 dks gqbZ vkSj bldk eq[;ky;

czqlsYl(csfYt;e ) esa gSA blds lnL;ksa dh la[;k 28 gSA bldk mns”; ijLij lSfud “kfDr larqyu cuk;s

j[kuk gSA bl laLFkk ds fdlh ,d lnL; ij ckgjh geyk lHkh ij geyk ekuk tkrk gSA

xqV fujis{k vkanksyu (Non-Aligned Movement) & f}rh; fo”o ;q) ds i”pkr~ egk”kfDr;ksa dh

xqVckth ls vyx xqV fujis{k vkanksyu dk lq=ikr 1956 esa gqvkA Hkkjr ds tokgjyky usg:] feL= ds

duZy ukflj rFkk ;qxksLykfo;k ds ek”kZy VhVks bl vkanksyu ds laLFkkid ,oa izsj.kk L=ksr FksA orZeku esa

blds 120 lnL; gSA

nf{k.k ,f”k;kbZ {ks=h; lg;ksx lEesyu (SAARC) & bldh LFkkiuk 1985 esa gqbZ Fkh vkSj bldk

eq[;ky; dkBek.Mq (usiky) esa gSA blds 8 lnL; gSA &Hkkjr] ekynho] ikfdLrku] ckaXykns”k] Jhyadk]

HkwVku] usiky ,oa vQxkfuLrku A bldk mns”; nf{k.k ,f”k;k esa lnL; ns”kksa ds chp ijLij vkfFkZd]

lkaLd`frd ,oa oSKkfud vknku&iznku djuk gSA

;qjksfi;u la?k (European Union) & bldh LFkkiuk 1965 esa gqbZ Fkh rFkk bldk eq[;ky; czqlsYl

(csfYt;e) esa gSA blds lnL;ksa dh la[;k 28 gSA dzks,f”k;k tqykbZ 2013 esa ;qjskfi;u la?k dk 28 oka

lnL; cuk A ;g fo”o ds o`gr~e vkSj lcls le)”kkyh O;kikj la?k gSA bl lewg ds 50 djksM ukxfjd

fo”o dh dqy lEink ds djh ,d pkSFkkbZ dk mRiknu djrs gSA





































27

vÝhdh la?k &bldh LFkkuk Lora= vÝhdh ns”kksa }kjk ebZ 1963 esa bfFk;ksfi;k dh jkt/kkuh vfnlvckck esa

gqbZ Fkh A blds lnL;ksa dh la[;k 54 gSA ;g laxBu vkfFkZd ,oa jktuSfrd leL;kvksa dks] tks vÝhdk ds

le{k mifLFkr gSA ] ijLij lg;ksx ds ek/;e ls gy djrk gSA

bUVjiksy & ;g 190 jk’Vªksaa dh iqfyl dh ,d vk;ksxh; laLFkk gSA ftldh LFkkiuk 1923 esa dh x;h Fkh A

bldk eq[;ky; isfjl(Ýkal ) esa gSA bldk dk;Z fofHkUu jk’Vªksa esa iqfyl ds dk;ksaZ dks lefUor djuk rFkk

vUrjkZ’Vªh; mijk/kksa dks jksdus ,oa lEcfU/kr vijkf/k;ksa dks idMus esa vko”;d dk;ksaZ dk la;kstu djuk gSA

jsM ØkWl & bldh LFkkiuk 1863 esa tsusok esa ts0 ,p0 M~;wukWV ds usr`Ro esa dh x;h Fkh A ;g laxBu ;q)

esa vkgrksa ,oa izkd`frd vkinkvksa ls xzLr] fo”o ds fdlh Hkh Hkkx ds yksxksa dh lgk;rk djrk gSA bls rhu

ckj( 1917] 1944] 1963) ukscsy “kkafUr iqjLdkj fn;k tk pqdk gSA

th&8 (G-8) & blds izkjafHkd lnL;ksa esa vesfjdk ] fczVsu] tkiku] teZuh] dukMk] bVyh o Ýkal Fks ckn

esa :l dks Hkh blesa “kkfey fd;k x;k A ;g fo”o ds lokZf/kd lEiUu o fodflr ns”kksa dk eap gSA

th&20 (G-20) & ;g fo”o ds 20 cMs ns”kksa dk vkfFkZd eap gSA blesa fo”o dsa lkr cMs vkS|ksfxd

ns”kksa &fczVsu] dukMk] Ýkal] bVyh] tkiku] teZuh] ,oa vesfjdk] ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjr] phu] vtsZfUVuk]

vkWLVªfy;k] czkthy] b.Mksusf”k;k] eSfDldks] :l] lÅnh vjc] nf{k.k vÝhdk ] nf{k.k dksfj;k vkSj

rqdhZ “kkfey gSA ;wjksfi;u la?k bldk 20 oka lnL; gSA

th&77 (G-77) & bldh LFkkiuk 1967 esa dh x;h Fkh rFkk bldk eq[;ky; tsusok esa gSA orZeku

esa bldh lnL; la[;k 131 gSA bldk mn~ns”; lnL; ns”kksa ds chp vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj fodkl dks

c<kuk gSA

,eusLVh b.Vjus”ky & ;g ekuokf/kdkjksa ls lEc) ,d fo”oO;kih laxBu gSA bldh LFkkiuk ,d

fczfV”k odhy ihVj csUlu us 1961 esa dh Fkh vkSj bldk eq[;ky; yUnu esa gSA orZeku esa blds

nqfu;k ds 150 ns”kksa esa 5 yk[k ls T;knk lnL; gSA bls 1977 esa “kkafUr dk ukscsy iqjLdkj Hkh izkIr

gqvk FkkA

LorU= jk’Vªksa dk jk’Vªdy (CIS) & ;g HkwriwoZ lkafo;r la?k x.kjkT; ls vyx gq, 11 jk’Vªksa dk

lewg gSA ftls Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS)ds uke ls tkuk tkrk

gSAbldh LFkkiuk 21 fnlEcj 1991 esa dtkfdLrku dh jkt/kkuh vYekVh esa gqbZ Fkh Abldk

eq[;ky; feaLd(csyk:l) esa gSA blds lnL;ksa esa vkesZfu;k] vtjcStku] cSyk:l] tkWftZ;k]

dtkfdLrku] rkftfdLrku] fdfxZLrku ] rqdZesfuLrku ] mTcsfdLrku] ekyMksok] :l rFkk ;qØsu

“kkfey gSA

vksisd (OPEC) & ;g Organisation of petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)uked

laxBu gSA ftldh LFkkiuk 1959 esa cxnkn(bjkd)esa gqbZ Abldk eq[;ky; fo,uk(vkWfLVª;k) ewa gSA

blds lnL; ns”kksa }kjk dPps rsy ds mRikn rFkk njksa ij fu;U=.k j[kuk bldk izeq[k mn~ns”; gSA





































28

orZeku esa bldh lnL; la[;k 12 gSA ftuesa vYthfj;k] bDokMksj] bZjku] bjkd] dqoSr] yhfc;k]

ukbthfj;k] drj] lÅnh vjc] la;qDr vjc vehjkr] vaxksyk rFk osustq,yk “kkfey gSA

ize[k iqjLdkj ,oa vyadkj

varjkZ’Vªh; iqjLdkj %&

ukscsy iqjLdkj %& fo”o ds lokZPp rFkk lokZf/kd iqjLdkj & jkf”k okys bl vUrjkZ’Vªh; iqjLdkj dks mlds

laLFkkid LohfM”k jlk;u”kkL=h rFkk m|ksxifr vYÝsM ukscsy(1833-86)dh fpj&Le`fr esa izR;sd o’kZ

mudh iqU; frfFk 10 fnlEcj dks iznku fd;k tkrk gSA HkkSfrd “kkL=] jlk;u”kkL= “kkjhfjd fØ;k foKku

,oa fpfdRlk foKku] lkfgR; rFkk fo”o&”kkfUr {ks= esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku ds gsrq ;g iqjLdkj fn;k tkrk

gSA iqjLdkj&forj.k1901 ls izkjEHk fd;k x;k FkkA 1969 ls ;g ;g iqjLdkj vFkZ”kkL= {ks= esa Hkh fn;k

tkus yxk A bl iqjLdkj esa ind ] ukscsy iz”kfLr&i= rFkk 80 yk[k LohfM”k Øksuj(yxHkx 11]32]120

vesfjdh MkWyj) jkf”k iznku dh tkrh gSA

ukscsy iqjLdkj izkIr Hkkjrh; %&

uke {ks= o’kZ

johUnz ukFk VSxksj lkfgR; 1913

MkW0 lh0 oh0 jeu HkkSfrd foKku 1930

MkW0 gjxksfoUn [kqjkuk fpfdRlk 1968

enj Vsjslk “kkfUr 1979

MkW0 ,l0 pUnz”ks[kj HkkSfrd foKku 1983

MkW0 veR;Z lsu vFkZ”kkL= 1999

oh0 ,l0 uk;ikWy lkfgR; 2001

osadVje.k jked`’.ku jlk;u foKku 2009

dSyk”k lR;kFkhZ “kkfUr 2014

jseu eSXlsls iqjLdkj %& ,f”k;k egk}hi dk lcls cMk ;g iqjLdkj fQyhihUl ds HkwriwoZ jk’Vªifr dh Le`fr

esa o’kZ 1957 ls iznku fd;k tkrk gSA iqjLdkj ls ,d Lo.kZ rFkk 50]000 MkWyj iznku fd;s tkrs gSA ;g

iqjLdkj tulsok] ljdkjh lsok] i=dkfjrk o jpukRed tulapkj] lkeqnkf;d usr`Ro ,oa vUrjkZ’Vªh;

ln~Hkko d fy, iznku fd;k tkrk gSA bls ,f”k;k dk ukscsy iqjLdkj Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

iqfyV~tj iqjLdkj & ^U;w;kWdZ oYMZ^ ds izdk”kd LOk0 tkslsQ iqfyrtj dh Le`fr esa 1917 ls dksyfEc;k

fo”Okfo|ky; }kjk ;g iqjLdkj i=dkfjrk ds {ks= esa iznku fd;k tkrk gSA blesa tulsok dks NksMdj

izR;sd iqjLdkj ds vUrxZr 10]000 MkWyj dh jkf”k iznku dh tkrh gSA

tokgjyky usg: vUrjkZ’Vªh; ln~Hkkouk iqjLdkj %& 1965 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk

vUrjkZ’Vªh; ln~Hkko ,oa eS=h o`f) ds fy;s fd;s x;s fof”k’V ;ksxnku gsrq iznku fd;k tkrk gSA blesa 25

yk[k :i;s rFkk iz”kfLr i= iznku fd;k tkrk gSA

bfUnjk xk¡/kh vUrjkZ’Vªh; “kkfUr] fujL=hdj.k ,oa fodkl iqjLdkj %& 1986 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj Hkkjr

ljdkj }kjk vUrjkZ’Vªh; “kkfURk] fujL=hdj.k ,oa fodkL ds {ks= esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku gsrq iznku fd;k





































29

tkrk gSA blesa fotsrk dks 25 yk[k :i;s dh uxn /kujkf”k ] ,d VªkWQh rFkk iz”kfLr i= iznku fd;k

tkrk gSA

vkWLdj iqjLdkj %& 1929 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk dh us”kuy ,dsMeh vkWQ eks”ku

fiDplZ }kjk fQYe txr ds {ks= esa iznku fd;k tkrk gSA lqJh Hkkuw vFkS;k izFke Hkkjrh; Fkh ftUgSa ;g

iqjLdkj fn;k x;k A

eSu cqdj iqjLdkj %& fczVsu dh laLFkk cqdj eSdksuy dEiuh ,.M ifCy”klZ ,lksfl;s”Ku ds }kjk ;g

iqjLdkj 1969 esa LFkkfir gqvk A ;g izfro’kZ fdlh Hkh ns”k ds fdlh ys[kd dks vaxzsth Hkk’kk dh mRd`’V

jpuk gsrq iznku fd;k tkrk gSA bldh iqjLdkj jkf”k 50]000 ikm.M gSA

jkbV ykboyhgqM vokWMZ %& 1980 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj yUnu jkbV ykboyhgwM lkslk;Vh }kjk i;kZoj.k

,oa lkekftd U;k; {ks= esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku gsrq iznku fd;k tkrk gSA ;g iqjLdkj oSdfYid ukscsy

iqjLdkj ds :i esa izfl) gSA

jk’Vªh; iqjLdkj %&

Hkkjr jRu & 1954 esa LFkkfir ;g Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fn;k tkus okyk loksZPp lEeku gSA bls dyk]

lkfgR;] foKku] ,oa lkoZtfud lsok ;k thou esa vlk/kkj.k ,oa vR;ksre dksfV dh miyfC/k gsrw iznku

fd;k tkrk gSA 1954 esa loZizFke ;g MkW0 loZiYyh jk/kkd`’.ku] pdzorhZ jktxksikykpkjh vkSj MkW0 pUnz”ks[kj

osadVje.k dks iznku fd;k x;k Fkk A

in~e foHkq’k.k@in~e Hkw’k.k@in~e Jh& ;s iqjLdkj ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa }kjk dh x;h lsok lfgr fdlh Hkh

{ks= esa dh x;h mPp dksfV dh fof”k’V lsok ds fy, iznku fd;s tkrs gSA

ljLorh lEeku& 1991 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj ds0 ds0 fiMyk Qkm.Ms”ku }kjk 8 oha vuqlqph esa fdlh Hkh

Hkk’kk esa xr nl o’kksZ esa izdkf”kr mRd’V lkfgfR;d d`fr ds fy;s iznku fd;k tkrk gSA blesa iz”kfLr i=

,oa 10 yk[k : dh udn /kujkf”k iznku dh tkrh gSA

okpLifr iqjLdkj & 1992 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj ds0 ds0 fcMyk Qk.mMs”ku }kjk laLd`r lkfgR; esa

fof”k’V ,oa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku gsrq iznku fd;k tkrk gSA blesa iz”kfLr i= rFkk ,d yk[k :i;s dh udn

/kujkf”k iznku dh tkrh gSA

O;kl leku& ds0 ds0 fcMyk Qkm.Ms”ku }kjk LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj fdlh ,d lkfgfR;d d`fr dks iznku

fd;k tkrk gSA blds rgr ,d iz”kfLr i= rFkk <kbZ yk[k : dh /kujkf”k iznku dh tkrh gSA

vtqZu iqjLdkj & 1961 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fofHkUu [ksayksa esa fo”ks’k miyfC/k izkIr

djus okys f[kykfM;ksa dks iznku fd;k tkrk gSA blesa vtqZu dh dkaL; izfrek] iz”kfLr i= ikap yk[k : dh

udn /kujkf”k vkSj lekjksg ifj/kku iznku fd;k tkrk gSA

nzks.kkpk;Z iqjLdkj & 1985 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk [ksy izzf”k{kdksa }kjk dh x;h mRd`’V

lsokvksa ds fy, iznku fd;k tkrk gSA blesa xq: nzks.kkpk;Z dh izfrek] iz”kfLr i=] ikap yk[k :0 rFkk

lekjksg ifj/kku iznku fd;k tkrk gSA





































30

jktho xk¡/kh [ksy jRu& 1992 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk [ksyksa esa ljkguh; izn”kZu djus

okys f[kykfM;ksa dks iznku fd;k tkrk gSA blesa 7-5 yk[k :0 dh /kujkf”k ,d ind vkSj ,d iz”kfLr i=

iznku fd;k tkrk gSA

“kkfUrLo:i HkVukxj iqjLdkj & 1957 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj ^Hkkjrh; vkS|ksfxd ,oa oSKkfud vuqla/kku

ifj’kn (CSIR)}kjk foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks= esa iznku fd;k tkrk gSA

egkRek xk¡/kh “kkfUr iqjLdkj & Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk iznku fd;s tkus okyk ;g iqjLdkj vUrjkZ’Vªh; “kkfURk ds

fy, dk;Z”khy O;fDr;ksa dks fn;k tkrk gS blesa ,d djksM :0 dh jdn /kujkf”k] Le`fr fpUg rFkk iz”kfLr

i= iznku fd;k tkrk gSA

teukyky ctkt iqjLdkj &;g iqjLdkj jpukRed lkekftd dk;Z {ks= esa egRiiw.kZ ;ksxnku] xzkeh.k

fodkl gsrw foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh ds mi;ksx rFkk efgykvksa ,oa cPpksa ds mRFkku o dY;k.k dk;ksZ gsrq iznku

fd;k tkrk gSA blesa ikap yk[k : iz”kfLr i= rFkk VªkWQh iznku dh tkrh gSA

cksjykWx iqjLdkj & 1973 e sa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj ^dksjkse.My QfVZykbtlZ fy0 }kjk d`f’k {ks= esa fo”ks’k

;ksxnku ds fy, iznku fd;k tkrk gSA blesa ikap yk[k :i;s] Lo.kZ ind rFkk iz”kfLr i= iznku fd;k

tkrk gSA

th0 Mh0 fcMyk foKku iqjLdkj & 1991 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj ds0 ds0 fcMyk Qkm.Ms”ku^ }kjk Hkkjrh;

oSKkfudksa dks mPp Lrjh; “kks/kdk;ksaZ ds fy;s izksRlkfgr djus gsrq iznku fd;k tkrk gSA blesa ,d yk[k

ipkl gtkj :i;s dh /kujkf”k rFkk iz”kfLr i= iznku fd;k tkrk gSA

nknk lkgc QkYds iqjLdkj & 1969 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj ^Hkkjr ljdkj ds lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k eU=ky; ^

}kjk Hkkjrh; flusek ds fodkl esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku ds fy;s iznku fd;k tkrk gSA blesa ,d Lo.kZdey]

,d iz”kfLr i= nl yk[k :0 uxn rFkk ,d “kkWy iznku fd;k tkrk gSA

jk’Vªh; fQYe iqjLdkj & 1954 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj ^Hkkjr ljdkj ds lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k eU=ky; }kjk

Hkkjrh; fQYeksa esa mPPk Lrjh; lkSUn;Z cks/k] rduhdh dq”kyrk rFkk f”k{kkizn ,oa lkaLd`frd ewY;ksa esa o`f)

ds fy;s iznku fd;k tkrk gSA

fQYe Qs;j iqjLdkj & 1952 esa LFkkfir ;g iqjLdkj ^ VkbEl vkWQ bf.M;k xzqi^ }kjk o’kZ esa iznf”kZr

Hkkjrh; fQYeksa dh izR;sd fo/kk esa mRd`’Vrk gsrq iznku fd;k tkrk gSA

fel bf.M;k & ;g iqjLdkj ^VkbEl vkWQ bf.M;k xqzi^ dh Qsfeuk if=dk }kjk Hkkjrh; ;qofr;ksa ds

“kkjhfjd ,oa ckSf)d lkSUn;Z dks lEekfur dju s ds fy;s iznku fd;k tkrk gSA

ijeohj pØ & ns”k dk ;g lokSZPp “kkS;Zs iqjLdkj o’kZ 1947 ls ml cgknwj lSfud dks iznku fd;k tkrk

gSA ftlus “k=q dk lkeuk djrs gq;s vnE; lkgl ,oa ohjrk dk ifjp; fn;k gks A 1947 esa loZizFke ;g

estj lkseukFk “kekZ ¼dqekÅ¡ jsthesUV½ dks ej.kksijkUr iznku fd;k x;k Fkk A

egkohj pØ & ns”k dk ;g f}rh; lokSZPp iqjLdkj ml cgknqj lSfud dks iznku fd;k tkrk gSA ftlus

“k=q ds neu esa vf}rh; ijkdze iznf”kZr fd;k gksA bl iqjLdkj esa Hkh ind gh iznku fd;k tkrk gSA





































31

ohj pØ & “kkS;Z ,oa ohjrk dk rhljk lokSZPp iqjLdkj ml ohj dks iznku fd;k tkrk gSA ftlus “k=qvksa

dk lkeuk vnE; lkgl ls djds mls ihNs /kdsyk gks vFkok ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj fn;k gks &

v”kksd pØ& ;g iqjLdkj ns”k dk loksZPp “kkafrdkyhu “kkS;Z iqjLdkj gSA ;g iqjLdkj Hkh “kkS;Z izn”kZu esa

mYys[kuh; Hkqfedk fuHkkus okys cgknwj dehZ dks iznku fd;k tkrk gSA

dhfrZ pØ& “kkS;Z dk ;g iqjLdkj ml j.kckadqjs dks iznku fd;k tkrk gSA ftlus “k=q ds eqdkcys esa

vHkwriwoZ lkgl dk izn”kZu fd;k gks A

“kkS;Z pØ& ;q) dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vn~Hkqr “kkS;Z iznf”kZr djus okys “kqjohjksa dks ;g iqjLdkj iznku fd;k

tkrk gSA

[ksy txr

[ksayksa ls lEcfU/kr dqN rF;

izeq[k [ksy eSnkuksa ds eki %&

fØdsV %& fip dh yEckbZ 20-11 eh-(22 xt)] xsan dh ifjf/k20-79 ls 22-8 lseh] xsan dk Hkkj 155 ls 168

xzke] cYys dh yEckbZ 96-5 lseh] pkSMkbZ 22-9 lseh rFkk Hkkj yxHkx 2 ikS.MA

ykWu Vful %& xsan dk O;kl 2-50 ls 2-58 bUp] jax lQsn vFkok ihyk] Hkkj 56-7 ls 58-5 xzke] jSdsV dh

vf/kdre yEckbZ32 bUp] vf/kdre pkSMkbZ 12-50 bUp] eSnku 78 QhV yEck ,oa 27 QhV pkSMk(,dy)] 78

QhV yEck ,oa 36 QhV yEck ,oa 36 QhV pkSMk (;qxy) usV dh Å¡pkbZ 3 QhVA

QqVckWy %& xsan dh ifjf/k 68 ls 71 lseh] xsan dk Hkkj 396 ls 433 xzke] eSnku dh yEckbZ 91 ls 120 eh]

esnku dh pkSMkbZ 45 ls 91 ehVj A

cSMfe.Vu %& eSnku dh yEckbZ&pkSMkbZ 20×44 QhV (;qxy)] eSnku dh yEckbZ&pkSMkbZ 17×44 QhV

(,dy)] usV dh Å¡pkbZ 1-5 ehVj(5QhV)] ia[kqfM;ksa dh la[;k 16] jSdsV dk Hkkj 85 ls 140 xzke

Vscy Vsful %& Vscy dk vkdkj % 9×5×25 QhV] xsan dk O;kl% 37-2 ls 38-2 feeh(1-46 ls 1-5 bUp)]

xsan dk Hkkj % 2-4 ls 2-53 xzke (0-88vksal) xsan dk jax % lQsn vFkok ihyk A

gkWdh %& eSnku dh yEckbZ % 91-44 eh (100 xt]) eSnku dh pkSMkbZ % 50-55 ehVj(60 xt) xsan dh ifjf/k %

223 ls 224 lseh] xsan dk Hkkj % 155 ls 163 xzke A

eqDdsckth %& fjax dh yEckbZ &pkSMkbZ de ls de 4-9×4-9 eh2 rFkk vf/kd ls vf/kd 6-10×6-10 eh

2

]Å¡pkbZ % 91 ls 122 lseh rd A

dq”rh %& vUrjkZ’Vªh; izfr;ksfxrk esa 9 eh O;kl dk ,d xksykdkj izfr;ksfxrk {ks= rFkk 1 eh- O;kl dk

,d dsUnzh; orA xns ij vk;ksftr eqdkcys esa 1 % 1 eh O;kl rd dk Åapk x)k A

ckLdsVckWy %& dksVZ dk vkdkj % 28×15 eh] fjax dk O;kl% 45 lseh] ckLdsV dh yEckbZ% 40 lseh] tehu

ls ckLdsV dh Å¡pkbZ% 3-05eh] ckWy dk Hkkj 600&650 xzke A





































32

Luwdj@fcfy;M~Zl %& Vscy dh yEckbZ& pkSMkbZ % 11 QhV 8-5 bZUp ×5 QhV 10 bZUp Vscy dh Å¡pkbZ % 2

QhV 9-2 bUp ls 2 QhV 10-5 bUp ] ckWy dk O;kl % 52-5 feeh] ckWy dk Hkkj % 3 xzke] D;e dh yEckbZ %

910feeh(3QhV)

“krjat %& pSlcksMZ ij [kkuksa dh la[;k % 64] [kkuksa dk jax % dkyk rFkk lQsn] [kkuksa dk dze % ,d lQsn

][kkus ds ckn nwljk [kkuk dkys jax dk ] eksgjksa dh la[;k % 16 A

iksyks %& eSnku dh yEckbZ& pkSMkbZ % 300×150 xt(Boarded eSnku {ks= dh)] 300×200 xt (Un-

boardedeSnku {ks= dh )] xksyksa ds chp dk Qklyk% 250 xt] xky iksLV ds chp dh pkSMkbZ % 8

okWyhckWy %& [ksy {ks= dh yEckbZ&pkSMkbZ % 60×30 QhV] tehu ls usV dh Å¡pkbZ % 8 QhV] ckWy dk Hkkj %

9&10 vksal] ckWy dh ifjf/k % 26&27 bUp A

cslckWy %& izR;sd csl dh nwjh % 90 QhV ] csl dh nwjh d.kZ lfgr % 127 QhV

xksYQ %& fNnz dk O;kl % 4 bUp A

eSjkFku nkSM %& 26 ehy] 385 xt A

okVj iksyks %& [ksy {ks= dh yEckbZ & pkSMkbZ % 30× 20 xt A

fofHkUu [ksyksa ds [ksy & ifjlj %&

ifjlj lEcfU/kr [ksy

dksVZ Vsful] cSMfe.Vu] usVckWy ] gS.MckWy ]okWyhckWy] LDoS”k] [kkS&[kkS] dcM~Mh ]

Mk;e.M cslckWy

fjax LdsafVx] eqDdsckth

dkslZ xksYQ

iwy rSjkdh

,syh ckmfyax

eSV tqMks] djkVs] rkbZDokUMks

,jhuk ?kqMlokjh

osyksMªe lkbfDyax

QhYM iksyks] QqVCkkWy] gkWdh

cksMZ Vscy Vsful

jsat fu”kkusckth ] rhjankth

izeq[k ns”kksa ds izeq[k [ksy





































33

ns”k [ksy

la0 jkT; vesfjdk cslckWy (Baseball)

baXyS.M fØdsV (Cricket )

Lisu ekuo&;q)] lkaM&;q)

tkiku tqMks(Judo)

dukMk vkbl gkWdh (Ice Hockey)

vkWLVªsfy;k fØdsV(Cricket)

:l QqVckWy(Football)

eysf”k;k cSMfe.Vu(Badminton)

phu Vsfcy Vsful (Table-Tennis)

Hkkjr gkWdh(Hockey)

ikfdLrku gkWdh(Hockey )

czkthy QqVckWy(Football)

[ksayksa esa izR;sd i{k ds f[kykfM;ksa dh la[;k

ckLdsVckWy 5

cSMfeaVu 1 ;k 2

fteukfLVd 8

dcMh 7

okWyhckWy 6

okVjiksyks 7

gkWdh 11

Vscy Vful 1 ;k 2

fØdsV 11

cslckWy 9





































34

ykWu Vsful 1 ;k 2

QqVckWy 11

jXch QqVckWy 15

[kks& [kks 9

ukSV %&

eSjkFku dh nwjh 26 ehy 385 xt ;k 42-195 fdeh gksrh gSA

Hkkjr dk loksZPp [ksy iqjLdkj ^jktho xka/kh [ksy jRu^ loZizFke fo”oukFku vkaun(1991&92) dks iznku

fd;k x;k A

ykWu Vsful dh pkj xzSaM LySe izfr;ksfxrk,a gksrh gSA & vkWLVªsfy;u vksiu] Ýsap vksiu] foEcMu vkSj

vesfjdu vksiu (vk;kstu ds dze esa )

Ýsap vksiu Dys dksVZ ij ] vkWLVªsfy;u vkSj vesfjdu vksiu gkMZ dksVZ ij ] RkFkk foEcyMu ?kkl ds eSnku

ij [kSyk tkrk gSA

,d fnolh; fØdsV esa nksgjk “krd cukus dk fjdkWMZ rhu Hkkjrh;ksa & lfpu rsUnqydj (200)] ohjsUnz

lgokx(219)] jksfgr “kekZ (209)] rFkk U;wthySaM ds ekfVZu xfIVy (237),,oa osLVbaMht ds fØl

xsy(215) ds uke gSA





































kwwsv˛ zzz idfherrn frp vdundulrqolqhmre · ukckmz(nabarad) dh v/;{kk jatuk dqek j iqfyl...

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