kutch study presentation

8/14/2019 Kutch Study Presentation

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Study of Kutch Coast

People, Environment and Livelihoods



Every Desert has Oases

Kutch Land Area 45652 sq km(Largest District in India, next isLadakh)

Rann of Kutch occupies 30,000 sqkm or nearly 2/3 area.

Kutch Population (2001 Census)15,83,225



Gulf of Kutch

• Mangroves :The area under mangrove cover a long the Gujarat Coast is the second largest,after Sunderbans along the Indian coast. Gulf of Kutch accounts to 93% of

Gujarat mangroves.

•Coral Reefs:Islands in the Marine National Park bordering the southern shore of the Gulf support coral and coral reefs. The age of these reefs varies from 5240 years atSalaya to 45,000 years at Okha .

•Marine Algae:The Gulf has more than 210 Species of marine algae. These marine algae, incombination with the corals and Mangroves, provide a very healthy, usefuland conducive ecosystem for the diverse flora and fauna existing in the Gulf.

•Creeks and Estuaries:A vast network of creeks, estuaries, mudflats and intertidal area exists due tothe conical shape of Gulf of Kutch.

• Fisheries:Gulf of Kutch provides suitable ecological and environmental conditions and

sustains a variety of exploitable species fishes with an annual average catch of 1.4 lakh tons.

• Marine National Park:An area of 457.92 sq. km in Gulf of Kutch was declared as Marine Sanctuaryand 162.89 sq. km was notified as Marine National Park.



Four Zones of Kutch Coast(based on characteristics of coastline and land up to 2 km from the coast)

Zone 2: Anjar, Mundra Zone 1: Bhachau, Gandhidham

– Up to 20 km Intertidal Zone

– Has 90% of all Kutch saltpans

– Seasonal Prawn Fishing – Wild Ass Sanctuary

– Little or no farming

– Little or no Animal Husbandry

– Up to 5 km Intertidal Zone

– Full time Fishing

– Small extent of Saltpans – Presence of Mangroves

– Multi-crop Farming

– Significant Animal Husbandry



Four Zones of Kutch Coast(based on characteristics of coastline and land up to 2 km from the coast)

Zone 3: Mandvi to Jakhau Zone 4: Jakhau to Lakhpat

– Up to 10 km intertidal Zone

– Large tracts of Mangroves

– Part-time Pagadiya Fishing – Single-crop Farming


– No Salt pans

– Up to 100 m Intertidal Zone

– Sandy Beaches

– Part-time Pagadiya Fishing – 3 ATM fishing settlements

– Multi-crop Farming, Cotton Zone


– Very little salt pans



Zone 1 : Bhachau - Gandhidham



Salt Pans

Inland and Marine salt

Salt making by Solar evaporation

No of Labourers(Agarias) – nearly 60,000

Annual Salt production is 196 Lac MT

Annual Revenue Rs. 979 Cr

Issues

- Industries located on the Highway- Nearly 5% of salt lost due to black sootdeposits- Quality of salt affected by pollution

- Wildlife Sanctuary- New Leases not being given for expansionof salt pans



Scrub Forest

3-4 km of scrub forest beyond salt pans

Supports wildlife (Nilgai)

Stops salinity

Useful for Animal Husbandry

Agriculture4 km away from the coast

Mostly Dryland single-crop farming

Bajra, Jowar, Cotton, Guwar, Castor

Issues –Salinity Ingress

–Affects productivity –Windfarms / Industries

–Buying large areas of agricultural land



Windfarms

Nearly 500 windmills

2.5 Acre/windmill

10 year lease for Rs.10000 – Rs.50000

1.5 MW each

Captive industrial use

IndustriesLocated near National Highway,Narmada pipeline

Top 3 industriesMetallurgical(43)

Machinery Manufacturing (39)Chemicals(33)

No. of industries : 357Total Investment : 11,221 CrEmployment Generated : 84,369



Emerging Issues: Bhachau Gandhidham Coast

KandlaPort/SEZ

Wild AssSanctuary



Zone 2 : Anjar - Mundra



Mundra Landuse

Sr.No. Luse/cover Area in Ha. % to Total

1 Agri cropped area 2,588 8.06

2 Fallowlands 2,022 6.30

3 Mangrove 1,493 4.65

4

Mangrove

degraded 604 1.88

5 Prosopis 2,697 8.40

6 Barrenland 2,586 8.05

7 Built-up area 2,634 8.20

8 Mudflats 8,395 26.14

9 Salt pan 137 0.43

10 Waterbody 8,373 26.07

11 Turbid Waterbody 587 1.83

Total: 32,115 100.00



Traditional Fishing

PagadiyaFishing Nets inthe intertidalzone

Motorised boatused to navigate10 km in to thesea

Fisherfolk stay inBander for 8-9months in a year.

Bander is strategicallyimportant for fishing

Though Fisherfolk have been using the Banders for over 200years, their rights over the Bander are not recognized.



Traditional Fishing

Main fish is Bombay Duck

Sorted, cleaned and, dried on bamboo poles

Exported to Srilanka, Bangladesh.

No of Banders : 12

No of Households : 988

Annual production : 10,000 MT

Annual Revenue : 45 Cr

Issues

- Industries

- Displacement of fishing settlements

- Affect fish production by dischargingpollutants into the sea.

- Affect fish production by damaging

environment – Clearing Mangroves,

Blocking Creeks etc.



Animal Husbandry

Average 2000 cattle in Mundra coast villages.

Sources of fodder are gauchar (grazing land)

and agriculture waste.

2500 Ha of Gauchar land required as per

norms.

Issues

- Industries (Mundra Port/SEZ- Gauchar land used for SEZ and 44% shortagein Gauchar land currently as compared to 10%ten years ago.- Destruction of Mangroves has affected camel

population .



Salt pansOnly Marine salt

Process of solar evaporation

Area under salt pans : 1720 Ha

No of laborers : 15,000

Annual salt production : 6 lakh MT

Annual Revenue generated : 30 Cr

Issues

- Industries- Allocation of land earlie r used for salt pans toindustries- Salt production affected due to industrial

pollution

IntakeChannelto drawwaterfrom theintertidalareaduringhigh tide

Brine movesthrough Panswith increasingsalinity

Final panwhere salt isproduced



Agriculture/ Horticulture

Mixed farming (Agriculture with horticulture

and animal husbandry)

Mundra-Bhuj Horticulture Belt

Shift to Date palm due to Salinity Ingress

Tissue Culture / Offshoot Technology

Summer

(Feb to May)Bajra, Goundnut (with Irrigation)

Kharif

(June to Sept)

Cotton, Castor, Groundnut, Jowar, Bajra,

Luceran(fodder), Pulses, Guwar

Rabi

(Oct to Jan)

Wheat, Mustard, Isabgol, Jowar (with

Irrigation), pulses

Issues

- Industries- Agriculture land used for industries- Decreasing productivity due to salinity ingress

- Lack of Marketing Facilities



Industries

Almost entire stretch of coast used

for Port/SEZ

Nearly 25,000 MW coal based power

plants

Industries along the National

Highway

Top 3 type of Industries

Multipurpose Port / SEZ

Power Plants (5)

Metallurgical Industries (9)

Total Investment : 1,41,909 Cr

No. of Industries : 44

Employment Generated : 50915



Proposed Expansion of Mundra Port / SEZPort No of ships per

year by 2013

Nature of cargo

West 850 Coal, Steel Scrap,

Chemicals, Dry Bulk

South 220 Dry Bulk and Oil

North 150 Automobiles

East 300 Steel Scrap, Dry Bulk



WFDP project map superimposed on map of Access Roads, Settlements,Intertidal Zone used by Traditional Fisherfolk in Mundra Coast

1,4,6,8,10,12,16,19,22,24 – Access Roads used by Traditional Fisherfolk. 2,5,7,9,11,15,18,21,23 - Settlements(Banders) used by Traditional Fisherfolk. 3,13,17,20 – Creeks/ Intertidal Area used by Traditional Fisherfolk.



Impact on Livelihoods – AnimalHusbandry

Village CattleReqdGaucharLand(Ha)

TotalGaucharLand (Ha)

GaucharLand allottedto SEZ(Ha)

GaucharlandRemaining(Ha)

Shortage inRequiredGaucharLand %

Navinal 1753 280 137 94 43 85%

Tunda 1189 190.24 158 86 72 62%Luni 833 133.28 81 81 0 100%

Siracha 3170 507.2 390 41 349 31%

Baroi 276 44.16 141 31 110

Goersama 957 153.12 86 29 57 63%

Zarapara 5509 881.44 1000 408 592 33%

Mundra 273 43.68 NA 496 NA



Original terrain of West Mundra Coast (in 2005)



New construction in West Mundra Coast (as seen in Dec 2008).EC was given in January 2009, In principle FC was given in February 2009



New construction in Central Mundra Coast (as seen in Dec 2008).EC was given in January 2009, In principle FC was given in February 2009



Mangrove being destroyed in Mundra coast



Emerging Issues: Anjar – Mundra Coast

KandlaPort/SEZ

Wild AssSanctuary



Zone 3 : Mandvi - Jakhau



Agriculture

Mixed Farming with Animal Husbandry

Cotton cultivation zone

Irrigated Farming (15 km from coast) and few

places where surface water is available

Dry land Farming (1.5 km – 15 km from the

coast)

Animal HusbandrySignificant Animal Husbandry in the region

Large tracts of cultivable wasteland and thin

forest cover useful for grazing

Fodder also purchased from Market



Windfarms

Windfarms on the entire 100 km Mandvi-

Jakhau beach front .

Land grab issues

IndustriesScientists have identified this zone as most

suitable for industries

Lot of Land purchased by agents

But, very few industries

IndustryInvestment(Cr)

No ofindustries

No ofpersonsemployed

WINDFARMS 7500 1 800ALUMINIUMINDUSTRY 5876 2 1509BENTONITEBASEDINDUSTRY 13 1 40

Total 13,389 4 2,349



Emerging Issues: Mandvi – Jakhau Zone



Zone 4 : Jakhau - Lakhpat



Full time TraditionalFishing

•Only one Full time Fishing settlement

•Border Restrictions on Fishing

•Fishing in creeks off Lakhpat coast

•Fulltime Pagadiya fishing by women

•30 -40 Pagadiya women in the village

•Pomfrets, Seer Fish, Shark, Jew Fish etc

Issues

-Displacement in Gunau

-Border restrictions affect Boat

Fishing



Part-time TraditionalFishing

•Pagadiya Fishing + Farming + Animal

Husbandry

•No issue due to Border Restrictions

No of households(combined) : 334

Annual Fish Production(combined) : 1949 MT

Annual Revenue(combined) : 26 Cr

Issues

- Decline in fish catch due to

industrial pollution

-Receding of tidal water due to

tapping of rivers upstream



Agriculture•No salinity in land near coast

•Mainly Dryland Farming

•Dependence on rainfall

•Irrigation using surface water

Issues

•Industrial pollution affects

production

Animal Husbandry•Significant Animal Husbandry in the area

•Grazing lands – Cultivable wastelands as

near as 1.5 km from coast



Handicrafts

•World Famous handicrafts

•Artisans - Women from Jat

community

•Exquisite bedding and pillows

•Primarily meant for exchange

within community



Industries

•Mining, Cement Industries

•Power plants, desalination plants on

the coast to support these industries

Top 3 type of industries

Cement (15)

Machinery Manufacturing (3)

Thermal Power Plants (2)

No of industries : 32

Investment : 21,689 Cr

Employment Generated : 19,531



Emerging Issues



In Solidarity with People on the

Kutch Coast

kutch study presentation

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