kurdish and english borrowing
TRANSCRIPT
LEXICAL borrowing
ByHallwest M.Xayat
Salahaddin UniversityCollege of Education- English Dep.
What is borrowing
Words might be taken over from
one language and are adopted
to the other, This process is
called borrowing.
Lexical borrowing is one of the
process of linguistic change , this
process visible especially in
phonetics ,morphology ,syntactic
• : is when a language takes over a term directly from another language.
Derived from proper names %4
Two ways of borrowings
directly, without any major phonological
and orthography change
For instance :-
Direct borrowing
takes place when a certain word is passed on from the source language to another (as a direct borrowing), and then from that language is handed over to another and from this one maybe even
to another.
This process may go hand in hand with the development that the word, each time it is passed on from one language to another, is adjusted phonologically/orthographically to make it fit to the
phonological/ orthographical system of the recipient language.
Indirect borrowing
Types of borrowing
“where the morphemes in the borrowed word are translated item by item”.
1- Loan words: “a word adopted from a
foreign language with little or no
modification.”
“ where the meaning is
borrowed, but only part of the form”
“ loan words where the
meaning is borrowed, but the structure
is native”.
2- Loan blends:
3- Loan shifts :
• The reason for borrowing a suitable word
from another language is the need to find
a term for an unfamiliar thing, animal, or cultural device.
Reasons for borrowing
• they serve to improve the quality of the
language
Religion• In Christianity borrowing word ‘Ameen’
between European countries.
For instance :- Alhamdulillah
( خوداؤ سوپاس و ستایش ب )
(praise to God)
In Islam, Kurdish language influenced with Arabic language. Some of the most important words had been borrowed from Arabic because as we know it is the main language of Holy Quran
Culture
• Cultural borrowing is when one country or culture borrows or copies elements of another country or culture. Contact between cultures leads to borrowing between languages, when cultural borrowings happening within this ''lexical (word) borrowings''
The Origin of English Words
Latin (%29)
French (%29)
English borrowing
Kurdish borrowing
In Kurdish language we borrowed
some words from other languages
but with a little bit change in
pronunciation.
Kurdish English German French Persian Greek
ʃtɛrn
trɔpfn
ʒ(ə)nu
tiz tease /tiz/