KUNTHAVAI NAACHIYAAR GOVT. ARTS COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

(AUTONOMOUS ), THANJAVUR

PG Programme M.Sc., Botany - Course Structure under CBCS

(applicable to the candidates admitted from the academic year 2011 – 2012 onwards)

Semes

ter Course Subject Code Course Title

Ins.

Hr/

week

Cre

dit

Exa

m

Hour

Marks Total

Int. Ext.

I

Core Course

– I 11KP1B01

Plant Diversity – I (Algae,

Fungi & Bryophytes)

6 5 3 25 75 100

Core Course

– II 11KP1B02

Plant Diversity II

(Pteridophytes,

Gymnosperms &

Paleobotany)

6 5 3 25 75 100

Core Course

- III 11KP1B03

Bioinstrumentation and

Bioinformatics

6 5 3 25 75 100

Core Course

- IV 11KP1B04

Applied Microbiology and

Phytopathology

6 5 3 25 75 100

Core Course

– V 11KP1B05P

Practical for Core Course I,

II, III & IV

6 5 4 40 60 100

TOTAL 30 25 140 360 500

II

Core Course

- VI 11KP2B06

Anatomy, Embryology &

Cytology

6 5 3 25 75 100

Core Course

- VII 11KP2B07

Molecular Biology &

Immunology 6 5 3 25 75 100

Core Course

- VIII 11KP2B08 Plant Biotechnology 6 5 3 25 75 100

Core Course

- IX 11KP2B09P

Practical for Core Course

VI, VII & VIII 6 4 4 40 60 100

NME I 11KP2BEL01 Food Technology 6 5 3 25 75 100

TOTAL 30 24 140 360 500

III

Core Course

– X 11KP3B10 Plant systematics 6 4 3 25 75 100

Core Course

- XI 11KP3B11

Plant Physiology and

Biochemistry 6 4 3 25 75 100

Core Course -

XII 11KP3B12P

Practical for core course X

& XI 6 4 4 40 60 100

EC I - Major 11KP3BELB1 Biofertilizer & Mushroom

technology 6 5 3 25 75 100

NME II 11KP3BEL02 Medical Microbiology 6 5 3 25 75 100

TOTAL 30 22 140 360 500

IV

Core Course

- XIII 11KP4B13

Conservation Biology and

Remote Sensing 6 4 3 25 75 100

Core Course

- XIV 11KP4B14

Research Methodology and

Nanotechnology 6 4 3 25 75 100

EC II -

Major 11KP4BELB2 Pharmacognosy 6 5 3 25 75 100

Project

Work 11KP4B15PW Project 12 6 - 80

20

viva

100

TOTAL 30 19 155 245 400

GRAND TOTAL 120 90

1900

Details on the number of courses and credits per course in different PG

Programmes - 2011-2012

Credit should not exceed hours

Course Course Title No. of

Courses

Instruction

Hour Credit

CC Course Course

( Theory & Practical) 14 84 64

CC Project 1 12 6

OEC Non Major Elective (OEC)

II & III Semester 2 12 10

EC Major Based Elective (III &

IV Semester) 2 12 10

Total 19 120 90

ELECTIVE COURSES

The Botany Department offers the following Elective Courses for P.G. Botany students:

EC – I : Biofertilizer & Mushroom Technology (Sem. III)

EC – II : Pharmacognosy (Sem. IV)

Note:

Core Courses include Theory, Practicals

No. of Courses : 14

Credit per Course : 4-5

Total core course credits : 64

Project : 6

Non Major Elective : 10

Major Based Elective : 10

Total Credits : 90

Internal External

Theory 25 75

Practicals 40 60

Project

Dissertation 80 Marks [2 reviews – 20+20 = 40 marks

Report Valuation = 40 marks]

Viva 20 Marks = 20 marks

Passing Minimum in a Subject

CIA 40%

UE 40%

Aggregate 50%

TOUR PROGRAM:

Note : As per part of Botany Degree Courses every students shall undertaken a tour and field

study of Vegetation under the guidance of the staff for not less than (FIVE DAYS within the

state) in the II year and submit a minimum number of 50 herbarium sheets. Students shall

submit duly certified record of their practical work for all the practical examinations and

those who do not submit the record shall not be permitted to the concerned practical

examination.

P.G AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

KUNTHAVAI NAACHIYAR GOVERNMENT ARTS COLLEGE

FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS), THANJAVUR

M.Sc., BOTANY

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM –P.G. PATTERN

(2011 – 2012 onwards)

I M.Sc., SEMESTER I Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP1B01

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE I

PLANT DIVERSITY I (ALGAE, FUNGI & BRYOPHYTES) UNIT I:

Algae – Classification (Fritsch, Smith), Thallus organization – Cell ultrastructure –

Pigments, Reserve foods, Reproduction, Life cycles, Salient features of

Protochlorophyta and Chlorophyta.

UNIT II:

Salient features of Charophyta, Euglenophyta, Xanthophyta, Bacillariophyta,

Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Algal blooms, Algal biofertilizers, Useful and harmful

role of Algae. (No type study).

UNIT III:

Classification (Alexopolus) and General characters of Fungi – Substrate relationships

in fungi – ultra structure – Unicellular and multicellular organization – Cell wall

composition, Nutrition – Reproduction – Life cycle, Fruit bodies – heterothallism.

UNIT IV:

General account of Myxomycotina, Mastigomycotina, Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina,

Basidiomycotina, Deuteromycotina – Economic importance of Fungi. Lichens –

Structure and Reproduction (Crustose, Foliose, Fructose) – Economic importance of

Lichens.

UNIT V: General characters – Classifications (Proskaeur 1957) – Structure and Reproduction

of major groups – (Marchantiales, Jungermanniales, Anthocerotales, Funariales) –

Economic importance.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Prempuri.,1973, Bryophytes A Broad perpective.Atma Ram & Sons, New Delhi.

2. Venkatraman, et al ., 1974, Algae –Form & Function. Today and Tommorrow,

Pub.Co. New Delhi.

3. Alexopoulos, C.J. and Mims, C.W., 1979, Introductory Mycology, Wiley Eastern Ltd,

New Delhi.

4. Singh, Pande & Jain., 1998, A Text book of Botany, Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

5. Vashishta, B.R. and Sindhu, A.K., 2007, Botany– Fungi, S.Chand Publications,

New Delhi.

REFERENCES

1. Smith, G.M., 1955, Cryptogamic Botany, Vol I & II, Mc Graw Hill, New York.

2. Bold, H.C. and M.J.Wyne., 1975, Introduction to Algal structure & reproduction,

Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

3. Fritsch, R.E., 1975, The structure and reproduction of the Algae (2 vol), Cambridge

4. University Press, England.

5. Mehrotra, R.S., 1990, An introduction to Mycology, Wiley Eastern Limited, New

Delhi.

6. Mehrotra, R.S. and Aneja, R.S., 1998, An introduction to Mycology, New Age

Intermedia Press,New Delhi.

I M.Sc., SEMESTER I

Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP1B02

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE - II

PLANT DIVERSITY II (PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERMS &

PALEOBOTANY)

UNIT I : PTERIDOPHYTES Characteristics - classification (Sporne, 1975) - life cycle patterns - stelar evolution

– Brief account of structure and reproduction of the major groups -

(Psilophytopsida, Psilotopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida and Pteropsida).

UNIT II :

Origin of Pteridophytes – Homospory, Heterospory and Seed habit – Apospory

and Apogamy. Evolution of sorus, Ecology of Pteridophytes – Telome concept and

its significance – Economic importance of Pteridophytes.

UNIT III : GYMNOSPERMS

Classification (Sporne, 1975) - Brief study of vegetative, anatomical and

reproductive characteristics of major groups (Pteridospermales, Bennetitales,

Pentoxylales, Cordaitales, Ginkgoales, Taxales, Gnetales).

UNIT IV :

Evolutionary trends and phylogenetic relationship among gymnosperms.

Economic Importance of Gymnosperms.

UNIT V : PALEOBOTANY

A general account on Geological Time Scale - Fossils: Types, methods of

fossilization, A brief account on fossils, Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes

and Gymnosperms(no type study required). Role of fossil in oil exploration, Radio

Carbon Dating.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Sporne, K.R., 1966, The Morphology of Pteridophytes, Hutchinson University

Library, London.

2. Sporne, K.R., 1967,. The Morphology of Gymnosperms, Hutchinson University

Library, London.

3. Vashishta, P.C., 1971,. Botany for Degree Students, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi

4. Siddique, K.A., 2002, Elements of Paleobotany,Kitab Mahal ,Sarojini Naidu

Marg.Allahabad.

REFERENCES: 1. Arnold, C.D., 1947, An Introduction to Paleobotany, M.cGraw Hill Book Co., New

York.

2. Smith, G.M., 1955,Cryptogamic Botany Vol. II (2nd

Edn.), Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Co., New Delhi.

3. Foster, A.S. and F.R. Gifford., 1959, Comparative Morphology and Vascular Plants

COH, Freeman & Co.

4. Coulter, J.M. and C.J.Chamberlain., 1977, Morphology of Gymnosperms, Central

Book Depot, Allahabad.

5. Pandey et al., 1999, A text book of Botany Vol.II. S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

I M.Sc., SEMESTER I Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP1B03

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE – III

BIOINSTRUMENTATION AND BIOINFORMATICS

UNIT I: MICROSCOPY

Principle, working mechanism and types of microscopes - Phase Contrast,

Fluorescence, TEM and SEM.

UNIT II : CHROMATOGRAPHY AND SPECTROSCOPY Chromatography – Paper, TLC, HPLC, GLC and Ion exchange chromatography.

Principle, Instrumentation and application of Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry –

UV/Visible. Atomic absorption spetrophotometer (Principle and uses only).

UNIT III: ELECTROPHORETIC AND TRACER TECHNIQUES

Electrophoresis – basic principle and its types – PAGE & SDS PAGE. Tracer

techniques – Radio activity counters – GM counter, Scintillation counter –

Application of Autoradiography.

UNIT IV: BIOINFORMATICS

History of Bioinformatics, Application of bioinformatics. The Basic information

about Biomolecules - DNA, RNA - Types of DNA & RNA. Genes, Genetic Code and

Transcription.

UNIT V :

Internet Basics, Virtual library, Online Journals, Biological Databases, Primary

Nucleic acid Databases – EMBL, Gene bank and DDBJ. Protein Sequences data base

- PIR, MIPS, SWISS – PROT, TrEMBL, Secondary databases – PROSITE,

PROFILES, PRINTS, Target Searching and Drug designing.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Anbalagan, K.,1985, Electrophoresis - a practical approach, Life Science Book House,

Madurai.

2. Jayaraman, J. ,1985, Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry - Wiley Eastrn Ltd., New Delhi

3. Attwood T.K and Parry Smith D.J., 1999, Introduction to Bioinformatics Addison Wesley

congman Limited, England.

4. Mani,K., & Vijayaraj,N., 2002 ,Bioinformatics,Kalaikathir Achchagam,Coimbatore.

REFERENCES:

1. Wilard, H.H., Meritt, L.L.(Jr) & Dean, J.A., 1965, Instrumental Methods of Analysis(4th

Edn., Van Nostrand Inc.Princeton, N.J., East - West Press (P) Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Heftmann.E,1967,Chromatography, Van-Nastrand Reinhold,Newyork.

3. Plummer,D.T.,1977,An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry,Tata Mc Graw

Hill,Bombay.

4. Skoog, A.,&West,M.,1980., Principles of Instrumental Analysis,W.S.Saunders Co.,

Philadephia

5. Harborne, A.L.,1985, Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant

Analysis, International Book Dist., Dehradun.

6. Harshitha, D., 2006, Techniques of Teaching Computer Science, International Book

Distributor,Dehradun.

I M.Sc., SEMESTER I Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP1B04

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE – IV

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND PHYTOPATHOLOGY

UNIT I:

Microbiology – scope, branches and history, Structure and organization of Bacteria,

Spirochetes, Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Mycoplasmas, Viruses – Viroides and Prions.

Microbiological sampling techniques, Synchronous, Batch and Continuous culture.

Chemostat and turbidostat.

UNIT II: Food dairy and beverage Industries – Single Cell Protein (SCP) – SCP from sewage,

SCP as food and feed – Mass cultivation of Spirulina. Lactic acid production, Yogurt

and Cheese production. Alcoholic Beverages: Beer and Wine fermentation.

UNIT III :

Antibiotics – Sources and types - Production of Penicillin and Streptomycin.

Recombinant drugs and vaccines – insulin and Hepatitis B vaccine. Principles of

biotransformation of steroids. Vitamins – production of B12 and β-carotene.

UNIT IV : Microbial enzymes – Amylase, Protease, Lipase. Microbes used for Amino acid

production – Commercial production of L-glutamic acids, L-tryptophan. Organic

acids – Citric and Acetic acid production.

UNIT V : Classification of Plant Diseases on the basis of causative organisms and symptoms –

Host – Parasite interaction. Mechanism of infection by pathogens and host resistance

to invasion. Mycotoxins, Afflotoxins. Principles and methods of disease control –

(Chemical, Biological) - Agronomical practices.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Salle, A.J.,1974, Fundamental principles of Bacteriology - Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Co., New Delhi.

2. Mehrotra, R.S., 1990, Plant Pathology , Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.

3. Pelczar, M.J. Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg, N.R.,1993 .Microbiology - Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Co., Ltd., New Delhi.

4. Power and Daginwala ,1994,. General Microbiology - Himalayan Publishing House.

5. Dubey & Maheswari,2000, A Text Book Of General Microbiology,S.Chand &

Company Ltd., New Delhi.

REFERENCES:

1. Carpenter, P.L.,1967,Microbiology - Saunders Co., Philadelphia.

2. Stanier, R.Y. Adelberg, E.A. and Ingram, J.L.,1978,General Microbiology-Mac Millan &

Co., London.

3. Davis, B.D., Dulbecco, R.Eiser, H.N. & Grinsberg, H.S.,1980, Microbiology – Harper&

Row, New York

4. Bilgrimi, K.S. & H.C. Dube., 1990, A Text Book of Modern Plant Pathology. Vikas

5. Prescott, Harley and Klein., 1996, Microbiology, McGraw Hill Publications – IV edn.

I M.Sc. SEMESTER - I

CORE COURSE - V

Practical I (Covering Theory Papers I, II, III & IV)

ALGAE : Study of the morphological, anatomical and reproductive

parts of the following :-

Cyanophyta : Gloeocapsa, Anabaena

Chlorophyta : Chlorella, Hydrodictyon, Ulothrix, Bulbochaete,

Enteromorpha, Closterium (Desmids), Aectabularia

Charophyta : Chara

Euglenophyta : Euglena

Xanthophyta : Botrydium, Vaucheria

Bacillariophyta: Cyclotella and Navicula (Diatoms)

Phaeophyta : Padina, Turbinaria, Sargassum

Rhodophyta : Batrachospermum, Ceramium, Gracilaria

FUNGI: Myxomycotina : Stemonites

Mastigomycotina : Pythium

Zygomycotina : Pilobolus

Ascomycotina : Taphrina, Xylaria

Basidiomycotina : Pluerotus, Lycoperdon

Dueteromycotina : Cercospora, Colletotrichum

BRYOPHYTES: Hepaticopsida : Targionia, Reboulia, Plagiochasma

Anthocerotopsida : Anthoceros

Bryopsida : Mnium, Pogonatum

PTERIDOPHYTES:

(Extinct and living forms)

Isoetales : Isoetes

Ophioglossales : Ophioglossum

Marattiales : Angiopteris

Osmundales : Osmunda

Gleicheniales : Gleichenia

Filicales : Pteris

Salviniales : Salvinia & Azolla

Extinct and Fossil forms : Horneophyton, Lepidodendron, Stigmaria,

Annularia, Calamostachys

GYMNOSPERMS: Ginkgo, Cupressus, Podocarpus and Ephedra.

PALEOBOTANY:

Extinct & fossil forms: Lyginopteris, Lagenostroma & Cordaites

BIOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTATION & TECHNIQUES:

1. PH meter

2. Spectrophotometer

3. Centrifuge

4. ELISA

5. PCR

Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP1B05P

Marks 100 (40 + 60)

MICROBIOLOGY:

1. Isolation of Microbes by Serial Dilution

2. Isolation of Fungi and Bacteria from air.

3. Isolation of Fungi and Bacteria from soil.

4. Effect of different antibiotic sensitivity on bacterial growth.

5. Effect of pH on bacterial growth.

6. Microbial analysis of milk by methylene blue reduction test.

PHYTO PATHOLOGY:

Study of the following diseases

Fungi : Whip smut of Sugarcane ( Ustilago scitaminea)

Bacteria : Angular leaf spot of cotton (Xanthomonas malvacerum)

Viruses : Tungro Virus of Rice, Vein clearing in Bhendi

Mycoplasma : Little leaf of Brinjal

Nematodes : Root knot of sugarcane by Meliodogyne.

I M.Sc., SEMESTER II

Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP2B06

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE – VI

ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY & CYTOLOGY

UNIT I : ANATOMY: Meristems – Classification of meristems – Stem,Nodal Anatomy – Structural diversity

and phylogenetic trends of specialization of xylem and phloem – Root stem

transition – Molecular aspects of development of vegetative organs.

UNIT II :

Adaptational anatomy – Hydrophytes, Mesophytes, Xerophytes, Epiphytes, Parasites,

Halophytes. Anatomy in relation to taxonomy - Wood technology - Classification of

wood - Defects in wood – durability - wood preservation.

UNIT III : EMBRYOLOGY: Microsporogenesis, physiology and cytology of anther tapetum - male gametophyte -

Megasporogenesis - (mono, bi and tetrasporic), Pollen stigma incompatibility,

endosperm – types and significance. Polyembryony, Parthenocarpy, Apomixis.

UNIT IV: CYTOLOGY: Structure of DNA, Constituent of DNA, Forms of DNA, DNA replication in

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes .RNA types, Mitosis & Meiosis.

UNIT V:

Chromosome: structure and Components – Chromatin & Nucleosome Molecular

organization. Karyotype concept, Characters of Chromosome in different plant

groups.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Bhojwani, S.S., 1981, Embryology, of Angiosperms, Vikar & Bhatnagar,

S.P.Publising House Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Tayal, M.S., 2001, Plant Anatomy, Rastogi Publications, Meerut.

3. Pandey, B.P., 2005, Plant Anatomy, S.Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.

4. Harish C. Nigam., 2005, Cell Biology And Cytogenetics, Vishal Publishing Co.,

Jalandhar.

5. Verma,P.S. and Agarwal, V.K., 1986,Cell biology and Molecular Biology. S.Chand

and Company, New Delhi.

REFERENCES: 1. Esau, K., 1953, Plant Anatomy, John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York.

2. Maheswari, P., 1963, An Introduction to Embryology of Angiosperms, International

Society of Plant Modrphologists, New Delhi.

3. Metcalife & Chalk.,1965, Anatomy of the dicotyledons and Monocotyledons.

4. Cutter, E.G., 1971, Plant anatomy, Edward Aenold Ltd, London.

5. Raghavan, V., 1976, Experimental Embryogenesis in Vascular Plants, Academic

Press, London.

6. Robertis, D., 1980, Cell and Molecular Biology, Saunders College, Philadelphin.

7. Power, C.B.,1984,Cell biology. Himalaya Publishing Co. Mumbai.

8. Fahn, A., 1989, Plant Anatomy, Maxwell, Macmillan, Singapore.

I M.Sc., SEMESTER II

Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP2B07

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE - VII

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY

UNIT I: GENETIC MATERIAL:

Structure of DNA & RNA. Types of DNA (A,B, Z) and RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA,

snRNA,) - Replication of DNA in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes – Inhibitors of DNA

Replication.

UNIT II: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS:

Transcription,- RNA Polymerase, RNA Synthesis(Initiation, elongation and

termination E.coli. Post transcriptional changes. Translation- Organization of mRNA,

genetic code, ribosome and rRNA, amino acyl synthetase, tRNA and amino acid

activation. Mechanism of initiation elongation and termination. Translation factors,

Post-translation processing.

UNIT III: GENE EXPRESSION: Regulation of Gene Expression. Operon Concept- Lac Operon and Tryptophan

Operon. Study of Gene Expression by Southern Blot, Northern Blot.

UNIT IV: IMMUNOLOGY:

Definition, Antigen, Antibody (Types Ig G, Ig M, Ig A, Ig D, Ig E), Immunity

– Natural and Acquired Immunity. Immune System – Cell Mediated Immune

System, Humoral Immune System (T & B Lymphocyte).

UNIT V: IMMUNOASSAYS:

Agglutination Tests, Complement Tests, Radio Immuno Assays (RIA),

Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assays (ELISA), Immuno flurescence test,

and microarray.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Freifelder, D.,1987,Essentials of Molecular Biology, Jones Bartiett, Boston, USA

Kuby J., 2000, Immunology, 3rd

edn. Garland Pub. Inc. New York.

2. Jogdand, S. N., 2005, Gene Biotechnology, Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi.

3. Nandhini shetty., 2005, Immunology, New Age Interrelational (P) Ltd, Publishers,

New Delhi.

REFERENCES:

1. Old R.N and Primrose S.B, 1988, Principles of gene manipulation 3rd edition

Publishers Business service.

2. De Robertis & De Robertis. 1990, Cell and Molecular Biology, Saunders College,

Philadelphia, USA.

3. Pelzer, M.J. Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg, N.R., 1993, Microbiology - Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Co., Ltd., New Delhi.

4. Prescott, Harley and Klein, 1996, Microbiology, McGraw Hill Publications – IV edn.

5. Roitt, et al 1998, Immunology, Mosby International Ltd.London.UK.

6. Watson, J.D., Et al, 2004, Molecular biology of the gene,Pearson

education,Singapore.

7. Lodish, et al., 2004, Molecular biology, COH freeman & Co. New York.

I M.Sc., SEMESTER II

Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP2B08

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE - VIII

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT - I :

Gene cloning in prokaryotes - Tools of genetic engineering - type of vectors,

enzymes, linkers Isolation of DNA. Insertion of foreign DNA into a vector.

Transfer of recombinant DNA into bacterial cell.

UNIT - II : Gene cloning in eukaryotes - Ti-plasmid. Mechanism of T-DNA transfer. Ri

plasmid - Plant cell transformation: liposome mediation, particle bombardment,

microinjection, Synthetic seeds, transgenic plants, cryobiology.

UNIT - III : Tissue culture techniques Micropropagation, Organogenesis- Embryogenesis -

Meristem culture – Anther culture –Suspension culture – Immobilization of plant

cell, Protoplast Technology – Isolation, Maintenance, Plant regeneration.

UNIT IV : Plant Derived Vaccines – Edible Vaccines, Recombinant and Subunit Vaccines.

Biochemical Production – Hirudin, Phytase , Polyhydroxybutyrate and advantage of

Biochemical Production in Plants.

UNIT V: Intellectual property rights - Protection of IPR - Patent - patent requirements and

limits – Copy right, Trade mark, Trade secrets. Plant variety and farmer’s right

protection - Management of IPR - Benefits and problems in IPR - Potential hazards:

biological weapons and principles of biosafety.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Dubey, R.C., 2001, Text Book of biotechnology, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi.

2. Watson ,J.D, et al ,2005 ,Recombinant DNA ,Blackwell Sciencepub.USA

3. Singh, B.D., 2006, Biotechnology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

4. Dubey & Maheshwari,2006, AText Book Of Biotechnology. S.Chand & Co., New

Delhi.

REFERENCES:

1. Mantell and Smith, S.H., 1983, Plant biotechnology, Cambridge, U.K.

2. Old, R.W. and Primose, S.B., 1994, Principles of Gene Manipulation, Blackwell,

Science Ltd., London.

3. Bernard R. Click and Jack J. Pasternak, 1996, Molecular Biotechnology, PBC,

New Delhi.

4. Gupta, P.K., 1998, Elements of Biotechnology, Rostagi Publications, Meerut.

5. Glick B.R. and Pasternak J.J.,1998, Molecular Biotechnology, ASM Press,

Washington.

I M.Sc. SEMESTER - II

CORE COURSE - IX

Practical II (Covering Theory Papers VI, VII & VIII)

ANATOMY:

1. Ecological Anatomy – Hydrophytes, Mesophytes & Xerophytes.

2. Wood structure - T.S., T.L.S., and R.L.S., - showing variation in

vessel elements, fibres, axial parenchyma and ray parenchyma.

3. Nodal Anatomy – Uni, Tri & Multilacunar node.

EMBRYOLOGY: 1. Dissection of endosperm haustoria – Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae)

2. Dissection of Embryo – Tridax.

3. Pollen germination and growth.

4. Methods of testing pollen viability using - (a). Alexander's stain, (b). acid - test.

CYTOLOGY: 1. Chromosome structure and abnormalities.

2. Study of karyotypes and ideograms using suitable plant materials.

(Colchicine treatment.)

3. Squash and smear techniques – (Onion root tip and Rheo flower buds).

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY : 1. Isolation & Estimation of Plasmid DNA.

2. Isolation & Estimation of Chromosomal DNA

3. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.

4. Separation of Protein – SDS, PAGE.

IMMUNOLOGY: 1. Agglutination Test – Blood grouping, Antigen – Antibody Reaction – Widal Test

2. Spotters - Radio immuno diffusion Test

3. Spotters - ELISA

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY:

1. Preparation of MS medium

2. Sterilization, Inoculation of explants

3. Blotting Techniques, PCR (Spotter).

Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP2B09P

Marks 100 (40 + 60)

I M.Sc., SEMESTER II

Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP2BEL01

Marks 25+75=100

NME – I

FOOD TECHNOLOGY

UNIT - I : Food preservation: Principles and methods – Perishable, semi-perishable and non-

perishable foods – Methods of preservation – Temporary preservation – Asepsis, low

temperature, pasteurization – Permanent preservation – Sterilization processing by

heat, effect of acidification.

UNIT – II:

Preservation by salting, Preservation by sugar syrup – Preservation by concentration –

Preparation of jam jelly – Role of pectin in jam – Preservation by chemicals: Benzoic

acid, parabenzene, sulphur-di-oxide, sulphites nitrites, dihylpyrocarbonates (DEPC),

hydrogen per oxide, chlorine and CO2.

UNIT - III : Food Processing: Methods – Wet heating method by cookers, Microwave heating

method – Processing of fruits and fruit products – Canning of fruits – Preparation of

fruit juices – Squashes.

UNIT – IV :

Vegetable and products – Canning of vegetables and pickles. Baked products: Flour

preparation, baking formulation, processing. Milk and milk products: butter, ghee,

lassi, unfermented milk products, condensed milk, cheese, ice-cream and milk

powder.

UNIT V:

Food additives: Definition, antioxidants – colouring agents, emulsifier, stabilizers and

thickening, bleaching and maturing agents, clarifying agents, anti-foaming agents,

function of additives.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Frazier, W.C. and Westhoff, D.C.,1988, Food Microbiology. 3rd

ed. Tata MCGraw

Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Adams, M.R. and Moss, M.O.,1996, Food Microbiology. New Age International Pvt.

Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi.

REFERENCES : 1. Lal, B., Siddappa, G.S. and Tandon, G.N., 1967,Preservation of Fruits and

Vegetables. ICAR Publication, New Delhi.

2. Ranganna, S.,1986, Handbook of Analysis and Quantity Control for Fruit, Vegetable

Products. CFTRI, Mysore.

3. Giridharilal, Siddappa, G.S. and Tandon, G.L.,1990, Preservation of Fruits and

Vegetables, CFTRI, Mysore.

4. Manorajan Kalia and Sangita Sood,1992, Food Preservation and Processing.

Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Home Science, Himachal

Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur.

II M.Sc., SEMESTER III

CORE COURSE - X

PLANT SYSTEMATICS UNIT – I:

System of Classifications: Artificial systems - Linnaeus, Natural systems - Bentham

& Hooker, Modern systems - Engler and Prantle, Hutchinson and Takhtajan.

Biosystematics - aim and scope, Species and genus concepts. Numerical taxonomy.

UNIT – II: ICBN – Typification (Holotype, Isotype,Paratype and Neotype)Principles of priority

and their Limitation- Effective and Valid Publication- Citations - Retention, choice

and rejection of names - Problems in nomenclature and research, key preparations

(Dichotomous key).

UNIT – III: Flora, Monograph, Floristics of India and Tamil Nadu, Botanical gardens, Sources of

taxonomic information, Anatomy, Embryology, Palynology, Cytology and

Phytochemistry, A brief account of BSI and its role .

UNIT – IV:

Taxonomical studies of selected families and their economic importance and

medicinal uses. Polypetalae: Ranunculaceae, Menispermaccae, Polygalaceae,

Caryophyllaceae, Portulacaceae, Rhamnaceae, Sapindaceae, Anacardiaceae,

Rosaceae, Combretaceae, Myrtaceae, Lythraceae, Onagraceae, Umbelliferae.

UNIT – V :

Gamopetalae: Aizoaceae, , Sapotaceae, Oleaceae, Gentinaceae, Boraginaceae,

Scrophulariaceae, Pedaliaceae. Monochylamydae: Chenopodiaceae, Aristolochiaceae,

Loranthaceae, Urticaceae, Orchidaceae, Monocotyledons: Amaryllidaceae,

Commelinaceae and Cyperaceae.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Lawrence, G.H.M.,1955, The Taxonomy of Vascular Plants, Central Book Depot.,

MacMillan, New York.

2. Davis, P.H &. Heywood, V.M.,1980, Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy, Oliver &

Boyd.

3. Vashista, P.C., 1990.Taxonomy of Angiosperms-S.Chand & Co.,New Delhi.

REFERENCE: 1. Jefferey, C., 1966, An Introduction to Plant Taxonomy-J & A.Churchill Ltd, London.

2. Hutchinson, J., 1969, The genera of Flowering Plants-Clarendon Press.

3. Heywood, V.K. & Moore, D.M., 1984, Current Concepts in Plant Taxonomy,

Academic Press, London.

4. Grant, W.F., 1984,Plant Biosystematics, Acad Press Inc., Canada.

5. Sambamurty, A.V.S.S.,2005, Taxonomy of Angiosperms, I.K. International Pvt. Ltd.

New Delhi

Hours 6

Credit 4

Code 11KP3B10

Marks 25+75=100

II M.Sc., SEMESTER III

Hours 6

Credit 4

Code 11KP3B11

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE - XI

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

UNIT – I: Water relations of plants – Physicochemical properties of water, Chemical potential

and water potential in the plant - water and salt stress, Modern concepts of mineral

salt absorption and Translocation - stomatal physiology and regulation.

UNIT – II:

Photosynthesis: Energy pathway in photosynthesis, Chloroplast as an energy

transducing organelle. Composition and characteristics of Photosystem I and

II, electron carriers, electron transport, cyclic, non-cyclic and pseudocyclic

photophosphorylation. Oxygen Evolving complex (OEC) - differences, biochemical

events and adaptive advantage. Regulation of photosynthesis.

UNIT – III:

Respiration – Glycolysis, energy conversion stages of Glycolysis, Regulation of

Glycolysis and outline of Pentose phosphate pathway, Pyruvate metaboliam, TCA

cycle – Electron transport system coupled with oxidative phosphorylation, inhibitors

of Electron Transport system. Metabolism of fat and protein. Growth Regulators:

structure, synthesis, bioassay, mode of action, physiological effects of Auxin,

Gibberellins, cytokinins, Abscisic acid and Ethylene. Phytochrome and hormones in

movements and flowering.

UNIT – IV: Amino acids: Structure, characteristics and classification of amino-acids.

Proteins: The peptide bond, primary structure, protein sequencing - chemical and

enzymic methods. Secondary structure and backbone folding. Tertiary structure and

stabilizing forces in collagen. Quarternary structure of haemoglobin and its

regulatory features. Nitrogen metabolism.

UNIT – V: Lipids: classification and structure, biosynthesis of fatty acids, saturated and

unsaturated fatty acids Nucleic acids: Composition of nucleic acids and synthesis of

nucleotides. Vitamins: Fat and water-soluble vitamins - occurrence, structure,

properties, metabolism deficiency and human requirements.

Secondary metabolites - Biosynthesis and function of Phenols, Terpenes, Alkaloids

and flavanoids.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Pandey, S.N. & Sinha, 1972, Plant Physiology, Vikas Publishing, New Delhi.

2. Salisbury,F.B.&Rose,S.,1974,Plant Physiology, Prentice Hall India(Pvt.) Ltd.

New Delhi

3. Jain,V.K., 2006,Fundamentals of Plant Physiology,S.Chand & Company Ltd.,

New Delhi.

REFERENCES: 1. Noggle, G.R. and Frintz, G.J., 1976, Introductory Plant Physiology, Prentaice-Hall,

India.

2. Goodwin & Mercer,1986,Introduction to Plant Biochemistry,Pergamon Press

3. Lehninger, A.L., 1987,Biochemistry, CBS Pub

4. Pandey,SN & Sinha,B.K., 1989.Plant Physilogy,Vikas Publishing House Ltd.,

New Delhi.

5. Verma,S.K., 1999,A Text book of Plant Physiology, S. Chand & Co,New Delhi.

6. Stryer, L., 2002, Biochemistry, W.H. Freerman & Co., 5 edn.New Delhi.

7. Robert K. Murray et al., 2002, Harper's Biochemistry (25th edition). (Appleton and

Lange Stainford Connecticut).

II M.Sc., SEMESTER III

PRACTICALS FOR CORE COURSE X & XI)

PLANT SYSTEMATICS

1. Key Preparation

2. Study of the plants belonging to the following families

Polypetalae : Ranunculaceae, Menispermaccae, Polygalaceae,

Caryophyllaceae, Portulacaceae, Rhamnaceae, Sapindaceae,

Anacardiaceae, Rosaceae, Combretaceae, Myrtaceae,

Lythraceae, Onagraceae, Umbelliferae.

Gamopetalae : Aizoaceae, Sapotaceae, Oleaceae, Gentinaceae, Boraginaceae,

Scrophulariaceae, Pedaliaceae.

Monochylamydae : Chenopodiaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Loranthaceae,

Urticaceae, Orchidaceae,

Monocotyledons : Amaryllidaceae, Commelinaceae and Cyperaceae.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

1. Effect of temperature on the membrane permeability.

2. Determination of stomatal frequency.

3. Determination of transpiration rate (Cobalt chloride)

4. Measurement of respiration rate using Ganong’s respirometer

5. Separation of pigments by paper chromatography

6. Determination of chlorophyll a & b

7. Estimation of carotenoids

8. Estimation of amylase.

9. Estimation of protease.

10. Estimation of protein (Lowry's method)

11. Estimation of Amino acids

12. Estimation of starch

13. Estimation of total lipid

14. Estimation of DNA

15. Estimation of RNA

Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP3B12P

Marks 100 (40+60)

II M.Sc., SEMESTER III Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP3BELB1

Marks 25+75=100

MAJOR EC-I

BIOFERTILIZERS AND MUSHROOM TECHNOLOGY

UNIT I Biofertilizers – Definition, Advantages, Microbes used as Biofertilizers.

BACTERIAL FERTILIZERS: Isolation, Characteristics, Identification, Mass

inoculum production, Field application and marketing of Rhizobium, Azospirillum,

Azotobacter.

UNIT II: ALGAL FERTILIZERS:

Cyanobacteria (BGA) - Isolation, Characteristics, Mass inoculum production and

Field application. Azolla – Isolation, Characteristics, Mass inoculum production and

Field application.

UNIT III: FUNGAL FERTILIZERS: Mycorrhiza – Morphology, types of Mycorrhiza, Isolation, Mass production of VAM,

Field application and Importance. Brief account on Vermiculture.

UNIT IV: MUSHROOM TECHNOLOGY

Introduction – History and Scope of edible mushrooms – Types of mushroom and

Economic importance. Cultivation method – Isolation, Spawn preparation, Growth

media, Spawn running and harvesting of mushrooms.

UNIT V:

Cultivation technology – Agaricus spp., Pleurotus spp., Vovariella spp., Storage –

Short term storage and Long term storage.

Nutritional v alue and Food preparation – Types of food prepared from mushroom

(Cutlet, Omelett, Pickles, Curry, Soup & Briyani).

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Kumarasan.B, 2001, Biotechnology, Saras Publication, Tamil Nadu.

2. Dubey, R.C., 2001, Text Book of biotechnology, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi.

3. Bagyaraj,D.J.,&Rangasamy A.,2005,Agricultural Microbilogy- Tata McGraw

Hill.,NewDelhi

REFERENCE:

1. Subba Rao, N.S.,1995, Soil and Agricultural Microbiology, Oxford and IBH

Publishing Co., Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Subba Rao, N.S.,1995, Biofertlizers, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., Pvt. Ltd.,

New Delhi.

3. Kaul, T.N., 1997, Introduction to Mushroom Science, Oxford & IBH, Publishing Ltd,

NewDelhi.

4. Gupta, P.K., 1998, Elements of Biotechnology, Rostagi Publications, Meerut.

5. Paneerselvam, A., Ambikapathy, V., and Usha, S., 2007, Hand Book of edible

mushroom cultivation, Murugan Publication, Tanjore.

II M.Sc., SEMESTER III Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP3BEL02

Marks 25+75=100

NME - II

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT I: Ultra structure, Nutrition and Economic importance of Microorganisms ( Bacteria,

Virus and Fungi).

UNIT II:

Normal Microbial flora of human Skin, Mouth, Teeth, Respiratory tract, Intestinal

tract, Genitourinary tract.

UNIT III:

Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Chemotherapy of the following diseases.

A. Bacterial Diseases Pneumonia - Streptococcus pneumonia

Cholera - Vibrio cholera

Tuberculosis - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Typhoid - Salmonella typhi

UNIT IV:

B. Fungal Diseases Penicillinosis - Penicillin

Aspergillosis - Aspergillus

Candidiasis - Candida albicans

Dermatomycosis - Trichophyton

UNIT V:

B. Viral Diseases Polio - Poliomyelitis

Hepatitis - Hepatitis B

AIDS - Retrovirus

Rabies - Rhabdoviridae

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Schegal, H.E., 1986, General Microbiology - Cambridge University, London

2. Pelczar, M.J. Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg, N.R., 1993, Microbiology - Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Co., Ltd., New Delhi

3. Prescott, Harley and Klein, 1996, Microbiology, McGraw Hill Publications – IV edn.

4. S.Rajan, 2007, Medical Microbiology. MJP Publishers, Chennai.

REFERENCES:

1. Carpenter P.L., 1967, Microbiology - Saunders Co., Philadelphia.

2. Salle, A.J., 1974, Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology, Tata Me craw Hill,

New Delhi.

3. Stanier, R.Y. Adelberg, E.A and Ingram, J.L., 1978, General Microbiology, Mac

Millan & Co.,Londan.

4. Stanier, R.Y. Adelberg, E.A. and Ingram, J.L., 1978, General Microbiology-Mac

Millan & Co., London.

5. Davis, B.D., Dulbecco, R.Eiser, H.N. & Grinsberg, H.S., 1980, Microbiology –

Harper & Row, New York.

6. Tom Parker, M., Leslie, H. Collier, 1990, Topley & Wilsonn’s Principles of

Bacteriology, Virology & Immunity (VIII edition).

7. David Greenwood, Richard C.D., Slack, John Forrest Peuthere, 1992, Medical

8. Microbiology (16th

edition) ELBS with Churchill Livingstone.

II M.Sc., SEMESTER IV

CORE COURSE - XIII

CONSERVATION BIOLOGY AND REMOTE SENSING

UNIT I :

Conservation – Definition, Conservation Strategies (In situ and Ex situ) –

Conservation organization – IUCN, UNEP, WHO, UNESCO, FAO.

UNIT II : Forestry – Definition, Classification, Aim, Scope of Forestry. Forest utilization –

Major and Minor Forest products - Types of Forestry.

UNIT III : Principle and scope of Forest Management – CHIPKO Movement – Wild life of India

– Bioindicators and Environmental Monitoring.

UNIT IV:

Introduction – Principles and major components of Remote Sensing – Aerial

Photography – Satellite Remote sensing.

UNIT V:

Digital classification – supervised and unsupervised - GIS and its components and

Applications – Electro Magnetic Radiation and Spectrum - International remote

sensing agencies and their achievements.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Sharma, P.D., 1959 , Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publishers, Meerut

2. Sharma, M.K., 1986, Remote sensing and forest surveys, International book

distributors – Dehra Dun

3. Forey.P.L.,Humphries C.J.,& Vane R.I.,1994,Wright Edison ,Systematics And

Conservation Evolution.

4. Hawksworth,D.I.,1995,Biodiversity,Measurement and Estimation, Chaapman and

Hall,London.

5. Kandya,A.K.,2007,Biodiversity Conservation and Legal Aspects,International Book

Distributors,Dehradun.

REFERENCES: 1. Campell,J., 1984, Introductory cartography,Englewood Cliffs,N.J.

2. Hord.R.,Michael,1986,Remote Sensing :Methods and Application,John

Wiley & Sons.

3. Jenson ,J.,1986, Introductory Digital Image Processing :A Remote Sensing

erspective ,New Jersey.

4. Floyd,F.,Sabins,J.J,1987.Remote Sensing:Priciples and interpredation II

Edition,W.H.,Freeman and Co., New York.

5. Melchias, G., 2001, Biodiversity and conservation, Science Publishers Inc. USA.

6. Ramasamy, S.H., 2006, Remote sensing in Geomorpology, International book

Distributors, Dehra Dun.

Hours 6

Credit 4

Code 11KP4B13

Marks 25+75=100

II M.Sc., SEMESTER IV Hours 6

Credit 4

Code 11KP4B14

Marks 25+75=100

CORE COURSE - XIV

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND NANOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT I :

Research - Objectives, Motivation, Choosing the problem for research – Review of

literature – Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources. Bibliography indexing and

abstracting – Planning and preparing a thesis – Proof correction.

UNIT II: Preparation of Manuscripts - Full paper, Preparation of seminar paper for Poster

presentation, short communication - review paper, thesis writing.

UNIT III:

Basic knowledge of computers – Internet Basic – Internet Browsing – Web sites and

Web Pages – Links – Data Bases.

UNIT IV : Nanotechnology – Introduction and Characterization of nanostructure, Lithography,

Atomic force microscope FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) DSC

(Defocal Scanning Colorimetry). Nanomedicine and Drug delivery.

UNIT V: Health impact of Nanotechnology – Routes of entry, Toxic mechanism.

Environmental impacts – Toxicology – Plant and microbes as nanofactories -

bacteria, yeast, Fungi in Nanoparticle synthesis.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. . Chaturvedi, B.K, 2002, Basic Computer Knowledge, Diamond Pocket Books Pvt.

Ltd., New Delhi.

2. Kothari .C.R., 2004, Research Methodology – Methods. New age International (P)

Ltd, New Delhi.

3. Anji Reddy, 2006, Text book of Remote sensing and GIS . 3rd

Ed., International Book

Distributors, Dehradun.

REFERENCES: 1. Misra .R.P., 1981, Research Methodology a hand Book, Concept Publishing Company,

New Delhi

2. Ramasamy .S.H., 2006, Remote sensing in Geomophology, International Book

Distributors, Dehradun.

3. Lynn.E. Foster 2007, Nanotechnology Science, Innovation and Opportunity. Pushp Print

Service, New Delhi.

4. Charles P. Poole, Frank J. Owens. 2009, Introduction to Nanotechnology. Sanjeev offset

Printers, New Delhi.

5. Subbiah Balaji, 2010, Nanobiotechnology. MJP Publishers, Chennai.

II M.Sc., SEMESTER IV

MAJOR EC – II

PHARMACOGNOSY UNIT I:

Introduction : History, Definition and Scope of Pharmacognosy, Traditional and

Alternative systems of medicine (Ayurvedha, Unani, Homeopathic, Siddha, and

Yoga). Classification of crude drugs. Collection and processing of Herbal drugs.

UNIT II:

Cultivation and utilization of medicinal and aromatic plants in India. Indian trade in

medicinal and aromatic plants.

UNIT III : Analytical Pharmacognosy –Adulteration Drug evaluation – Biological testing of

herbal drugs. Phytochemical investigations(HPLC,HPTLC,FTIR).

Phytopharmaceuticals: Retrospects and Prospects.

UNIT IV:

Drugs containing Glycoside : Indian Senna, Aloe, Digialis, Tannins : Pterocarpus,

Marsupium, Arjuna, Alkaloidal drugs : Opium, Rauwolfia, Datura. Marine drugs,

Anticancer compounds, Anti-inflammatory and Antispasmodic agents. Herbal

cosmetics: Hair diseases and Psoriasis.

UNIT V: Natural pesticides: Tobacco and Neem, Allergenic extracts: Pollen extracts, Fungal

extract, Dust extract, Food extract, miscellaneous inhalant extracts& Preparation of

allergenic extracts.

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Kumar N.C., 1993, An Introduction to medical Botany and Pharmacognosy,

Em.Kay.Publication, Jodhpur.

2. Kokate, C.K., Purohit, A.P and Gokhalae, S.B., 2005, Pharmacognosy, Nirali

Prakasam, Pune.

3. Srivastava A.K., 2006, Medicinal Plants, International book Distributors, Dehradun.

4. Arumugam.KR. & Murugesh.N., 2006, Text book of Pharmacognosy, Sathya

Publishers, Madurai.

REFERENCES

1. Kapoor, L.D.1990. Handbook of Ayurvedic medicinal plants. CRC Press, New ork,

USA.

2. Ram, P.Rastogi, B.N.Malhotra.1995. Compodium of Indian Medicinall plants CDRI

& PID, New Delhi.

3. Jain,S.K.,1995,Enthnobotany,Scientific Publishers,Jodhpur.

4. Wallis, T.E., 1997, Text Book of Pharmacognosy,New Delhi.

5. Trease,G.E & Evans,W.C., 2000,Pharmacognosy,English Language Books,Society

Baelliere Tindail.

6. Warrier, Nambiar and Ganapathy, 2001. Some important medicinal plants of the

Western Ghats, India.

Hours 6

Credit 5

Code 11KP4BELB2

Marks 25 + 75=100

II M.Sc., SEMESTER IV Hours 12

Credit 6

Code 11KP4B15PW

Marks 80 +20 =100

PROJECT

Project – Dissertation = 80 marks (2 reviews - 20 + 20 = 40 marks

Report Valuation = 40 marks)

Viva = 20 marks

Total = 100 marks