kuliah i epithelium
TRANSCRIPT
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JARINGAN
BYARUM SETIAWAN,
M.Si.
YUANITA WINDUSARI, M.Si.
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Hierarchy of
organization
Atoms
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
OrgansOrgan systems
Organism
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Tissues are the fundamental units of organs and
organ systems.
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Tissues are the fundamental units of organs and
organ systems.
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Tissues are the fundamental units of organs and
organ systems.
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Tissues are the fundamental units of organs and
organ systems.
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Histology is the study of tissues.
A tissue is a group of cells and intercellular
materials that have a similar developmental origin,
structure, and function.
Tissues
Loose connective tissue
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Know the structure and be able to
identify it from a slide.
Know the function.
Know location in the body it is likely
to be found.
Know any special attributes of thattissue.
What you should know about a tissue
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1. Identify where the lumen (space)is in the image if you can.
2. Identify where the basementmembrane is in the image is you
can. The basement membrane iswhere the tissue stops.
3. Look at how many layers of cellsthere are. (1)
4. Look at the shape of the cells
closest to the lumen. (long)
5. Look for otherspecial features ofthe tissue.
6. Give the tissue a complete name.
How to start identifying a tissue image.
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An important thing to remember when looking
under the microscope
To prepare tissue slides, scientists
must slice through the tissue. They
can slice in different ways.
Cross section Longitudinal section
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Epithelial Tissue (Epithelium) = COVERING
functions include protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion.
Connective Tissue = SUPPORT
functions include protecting, supporting, binding together tissues, separating,
storing energy, transporting materials.
Muscle Tissue = MOVEMENT
functions in the movement of the skeleton, pumping of the heart and the
movement of food.
Nervous Tissue = CONTROLLING
send electrical signals through the body, thus forming a communication
system through the body.
There are four basic tissue types.
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Four Tissue Types:
1 2 3
4
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Sheets of cells
Cells fit closely together to form continuous sheets and are
bound together at many points by cell junctions.
Cells have one free surface or edge. This apical surface isexposed to the bodys exterior or to a cavity (the lumen)
The lower cell surface rests on a basement membrane, a
structureless material secreted by the cells.
These tissues are avascular, meaning that they have noblood supply and depend on diffusion from capillaries in
the underlying connective tissue
If well nourished, they can regenerate easily.
Characteristics of the epithelium
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Characteristics of the epithelium
apical surface
of cells near
lumen
basement
membrane
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Cell Junctions
Desmosome: binding spots between
cells with proteins called cadherins
Tight junctions: impermeable
E.g. gut tube, doesnt let enzymes from
gut into blood stream
Gap junctions: tubes that let small
molecules pass between cells
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Features ofApical Surface of
Epithelium
Microvilli:(ex) in small intestine
Finger-like extensions of the plasma membraneof apical epithelial cell
Increase surface area for absorption Cilia: (ex) respiratory tubes
Whip-like, motile extensions
Moves mucus, etc. over epithelial surface 1-way Flagella:(ex) spermatoza
Extra long cilia
Moves cell
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Features ofLateral Surface of
Epithelium
Cells are connected to neighboring cells via:
Proteins-link cells together, interdigitate
Contour of cells-wavy contour fits together
Cell Junctions
Desmosomes-adhesive spots on lateral sides
Tight Junctions-at apical area, plasma membrane of
adjacent cells fuse, nothing passesGap junction-spot-like junction occurring anywhere, lets
small molecules pass
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Features of the Basal Surface of
Epithelium
Basal lamina: supportive sheet between
epithelium and underlying connective tissue
Selective filter
Basement membrane = basal lamina plus
underlying reticular fiber layer
Attaches epithelium to connective tissue below
Sometimes the two are used interchangeably
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Name that Epithelial Feature!(name and location on cell)
Cilia
Tight junction
MicrovilliBasement
membrane
2
3
4
1
3
1
2
4
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Number of Layers:
Simple single layer
Stratified multiple-layered
Pseudostratified only
appears to be multi-layered
Characteristics of the epithelium
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Characteristics of the epithelium
Cell Shape:
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ROLE OF EPITHELIA
Protection.
Skin
Absorption.
GI
Filtration.
Kidney
Secretion.
Glands
Sensory
Perception.Excretion.
Kidney & GI
Skin, GI
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Simple: just one
layer or cellshape
Stratified:
multiple layersand cell shapes
Classes of Epithelia
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Simple Epithelia
Type Cell shape Example
Squamous Squashed Endothelium (lines bloodvessels), mesothelium
(serous lining of celom)
Cuboidal Cubed Walls of glands
Columnar Columns Lining of gut tube;sometimes with cilia like
lining of uterine tube
Pseudo-stratified Flat cells give rise
to columns
With cilia in respiratory
tubes to move
mucous/particles out of
lungs
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1. Simple Squamous Epithelium2. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
3. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
4. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
5. Simple Columnar Epithelium
6. Stratified Columnar Epithelium
7. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
8. Transitional Epithelium
Types of Epithelium
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Simple squamousEpithelium linesalveoli in lungs.
Simple cuboidalEpitheliumForms tubes inkidneys.
Simple columnarEpithelium lines
the intestine.
StratifiedsquamousEpithelium linesthe esophagus.
Epithelium is found everywhere.
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Squamous Epithelium
Cells very thin, much wider than theyare thick.
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Air sacs of respiratoryLining of blood vessels, heart and lymphatictubes
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
SkinVagina
Esophagus
Mouth
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Thin and leaky
Good for exchange of materials by
diffusion
Blood vessels
Alveoli
Simple squamous epithelium
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Examples of Simple Squamous
Epithelium
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Simple squamous epithelium
These are the same tissue. Why do they look so different?
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Regenerates rapidly by division of cells at
its attached surface
New cells move toward the free surface;
older cells slough off
Suited for covering and lining surfaces
subject to abrasion
2 typesnonkeratinized and keratinizedkeratin is a strong, fibrous protein
Stratified squamous epithelium
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Stratified squamous epithelium
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Simple Cuboidal epithelium
Secretion, absorption, protection
Ducts of many glands, covering of ovary,
form kidney tubulesStratified Cuboidal epithelium
Secretion, absorption
Lines ducts of sweat glands.
Cuboidal epithelium
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Cuboidal Epithelium
Cells cube shaped- secretion andabsorption.
Kidney tubules
Duct and small glands
Surface of ovary
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Cuboidal epithelium
Kidney section
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Columnar Epithelium
Elongated cells, much longer than they
are wide.
Simple Columnar EpitheliumA single layer of cells that line the digestive tract,
gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands.
Has microvilli at surface for absorption.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnarepithelium
Lines the bronchi, trachea, uterine tubes and
some of the uterus. Propels mucus or
reproductive cells by ciliary action.
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Simple columnar epithelium
Transportation, absorption, secretion,
protection
Large surface area
Lines much of the digestive tract, gall bladder, and
large ducts of glands
May have a brush borderofmicrovilli
May be ciliated uterus, small bronchi, and
paranasal sinuses.
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Simple Columnar epithelium
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Simple columnar epithelium
Brush border Cilia
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Goblet Cell
secreting
mucous
Cilia
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Surface cells are columnar
Secretion, absorption, protection
Some large excretory ducts, portions of themale urethra
No cilia
Not common
Stratified columnar epithelium
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Surface cells are columnar
Secretion, absorption, lubrication, protection,
transportationLines most of trachea, primary bronchi,epididymis and ductus deferens, nasal cavity,male urethra, large excretory ducts.
Usually ciliated.
May contain goblet cells, which secretemucous
Pseudostratified columnar
epithelium
P d t tifi d Cili t d
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Pseudostratified Ciliated
Columnar Epithelium
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Pseudostratified columnar
epithelium
trachea
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Surface cells are dome-shaped whenrelaxes but flattened when streched.
Protection, distensible
Lines urinary tract
Transitional epithelium
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Transitional epithelium
Distended bladder
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Can You Identify the Classes
of Epithelium?
A B
C
D
EQuiz!!