kuliah 1 pengantar well log copy
DESCRIPTION
well loggingTRANSCRIPT
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PENGANTAR
MPF-232 INTERPRETASI
WELL LOGGING
(KELAS-D)
OLEH : L. WIHARDJO
SELASA - 19.03.2013
JURUSAN PEMINYAKAN
FAKULTAS ENERGI & TEKNIK KEBUMIAN
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Pengantar
Proses Penilaian Formasi
Input
Output
Mengapa bisa tidak akurat?
Penyelesaian Problema Penilaian Formasi
Kuliah Interpretasi Logging
Penutup
ACARA HARI INI
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Proses Interpretasi Well Logging (Umum)
Formasi Evaluasi
Lubang Terbuka
Lithologi,
porositas &
Sw
Faktor-faktor penyebab “ketidakakuratan” interpretasi :
• Kondisi lubang sumur (terutama lubang sumur yang kurang bagus washout, rugous, breakout, oval)
• Pengaruh invasi mud-filtrate ke dalam lubang formasi
• Ketidakakuratan alat : Kondisi optimum lingkungan tidak terpenuhi
(resolusi vertikal alat yang dipakai)
Alat yang tidak sesuai dengan lingkungannya
• Kalau rumus Archie tidak bekerja secara
akurat?
Log Lubang
Terbuka
INTERPRETASI LOGGING
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CONTOH IDEAL
C
RESISTIVITY
DENSITY (RED)
NEUTRON
(BLUE)
CALIPER
1
2 GOC
OWC Perfo
A
B
OPEN HOLE LOGGING
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CONTOH IDEAL
C
1
2
Zone C-2 : Berubah menjadi minyak, GAS sudah terproduksi
Zone C-1 : Masih ada
gas, terlihat ada GWC (Gas Water Contact)
Apakah saudara
puas dgn
kesimpulan ini?
Arsiran Merah &
Kuning menun-
jukkan efek
Gas/Light HC
CASED HOLE LOGGING
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CONTOH IDEAL
Arsiran Merah &
Kuning menun-
jukkan efek Gas /
LIGHT H.C.
GAS
OIL
GAS
WATER
OIL
OIL
GAS
GAS
OIL
WATER
GAS
WATER
OIL
WATER
CASED HOLE LOGGING
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BEYOND THE TOOL SPECS LIMITATION : THIN BEDS
The summary : • No HC contrast
on both resistivity and porosity reading
• WHERE IS THE
HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR ?
OUT OF SPECS
> 100
ohmm
No-
XOver
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HIGHEST VERTICAL RESOLUTION TOOL IS REQUIRED TO IDENTIFY THIN BEDS
OUT OF SPECS
> 100
ohmm
No-
XOver
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THIN BEDS : WHAT SHOULD WE DO?
In Summary :
• None of the logs shows reservoir (all shale zone?)
• None of the reservoir shows hydrocarbon signature
• No Density – Porosity X-over • Low Resistivity (non-hydrocarbon signature of resistivity)
OUT OF SPECS
0.5 – 0.7
ohmm
No-
XOver
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Highest Vertical Resolution Tool Must be Used
Tested interval xx875’ - xx960’ 3742 BOPD (30.2’)
OUT OF SPECS
0.5 – 0.7
ohmm
No-
XOver
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Interpretasi Logging
Minggu 1 – 5 : Bahan UTS
1. BASIC LOGGING • Physical Measurements
• Tool Tech. Specification
• DOI
• Vertical Resolution
2. LOGGING ENVIRONMENTS • Borehole environments
• Borehole Geometri
• Invasion Effects
• Temperature Log
3. INTRODUCTION TO OPEN HOLE
FORMATION EVALUATION, STEP-1 • Lithology identification
• SP, GR & Dens – Neutron
• Limitation of each measurements for
lithology identification
1 SEMESTER BAHAN KULIAH MAHASISWA : INTERPRETASI LOGGING
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Interpretasi Logging
Minggu 1 – 5 : Bahan UTS
1. BASIC LOGGING • Physical Measurements
• Tool Tech. Specification
• DOI
• Vertical Resolution
2. LOGGING ENVIRONMENTS • Borehole environments
• Borehole Geometri
• Invasion Effects
• Temperature Log
3. INTRODUCTION TO OPEN HOLE
FORMATION EVALUATION, STEP-1 • Lithology identification
• SP, GR & Dens – Neutron
• Limitation of each measurements for
lithology identification
Minggu 8 – 14 : s/d UAS
1 SEMESTER BAHAN KULIAH MAHASISWA : INTERPRETASI LOGGING
4. RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS • Resistivity vs. Induction
• Why do we need 3 DOI resistivity
• Deep Invasion vs. No Invasion
• Induction for water based mud
• RT vs Rxo : What does it mean?
• OH form. Eval. Step-2 : hydrocarbon vs.
Water Identification
5. 3 – POROSITIES MEASUREMENTS • Lithology dependent porosity
• Why do we need 2 or 3
measurements?
• Compatible scale
• Fluid typing from porosity
• OH form. Eval. Step-3 : porosity
determination
6. ARCHIE EQUATION • What is the requirement for Archie to work?
• How if Vshale .neq. 0%?
• Clay corrected Archie Equation
• Computing Formation water resistivity
• Step-4 : Saturation computation by Archie’s
equation
• The impact of a, m and n for Sw Calculation
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Apa yang ingin saya berikan pada mata kuliah Interpretasi Well logging :
PENUTUP
• Interpretasi well logging pada kondisi lubang
terbuka, sangat dipengaruhi oleh banyak hal : • Paling Utama : keakuratan pembacaan data karena
kondisi lubang
• Kedua : keakuratan pembacaan data karena pengaruh
dari fluida lain (invasi mud filtrat atau filtrasi mud ke dalam
formasi)
• Ketiga : pengaruh mineral-mineral lain, sehingga
pembacaan kurva tidak mengindikasikan adanya
hidrokarbon
• Jika “rumus Archie” tidak bisa memberikan
hasil “terbaik” karena ada masalah-masalah di
dalam formasi yang “tidak diperkenankan”