krystiana gonzalez timeline ppt
TRANSCRIPT
1850 1850-70 1857
Bessemer Process
Developed independently by the British manufacturers. Henry Bessemer and American ironmaker William Kelly, soon
became widely used. This technique
involved injecting air into molten iron to remove the carbon
and other impurities.
Sweat Shops
Is a negatively connoted term for
any working environment
considered to be unacceptably
difficult or dangerous.
Fredrick Olmstead
Landscape architect, spearheaded the
movement for the planned urban parks. 1857 Olmstead helped
draw up a plan for “greensward” which
was selected to become Central Park in NYC.
1859 1862 1862
Social Darwinism
Grew out of the English naturalist Charles Darwin’s
theory of biological evolution. Darwin described his observation that some
individuals of a species flourish and passed their traits along to the next generation
while others do not. He explained that a process of
natural selection weeded out less suited individuals and enabled the best adapted to
survive.
Homesteader
Settler on the free land that the
government was giving out by the Homestead Act.
Homestead Act
Congress passed in 1862. This Act
which offered 160 acres of land free to
any citizen or intended citizens who was head of the household. 1862-1900 up to 600,000 families
took advantage of the governments
offer..
1864
Sand Creek Massacre
Most of the Cheyenne, assuming they were under the protection
of the U.S. government had peacefully returned to
Colorado’s Sand Creek Reserve of winter. General S.R. Curtis
telegram to Colonel John Chivington that read, “I want no
peace till the Indians suffer more.” Nov.29, 1864 his trooped attack at dawn and killed over
1,150 inhabitants, mostly women and children.
1864 1866
Buffalo Soldiers
Formed in 1866, from the U.S. 10th Cavalry
regiment, the buffalo soldiers were established
by congress as first peacetime all-black
regiment in the regular U.S. Army. These
regiments served to a variety of posts in the
southwest and Midwest region of the U.S.
Credit Mobilizer
Form in 1864, stockholders
gave this company a
contract to lay track at two to three times the actual cost and pocketed the
profits..
1862
Exoduster
African American who moved form
the Post-Reconstruction
south to Kansas, part of the
Homestead Act.
1867 18671867
Oliver Kelley
1867 started the Patron of Husbandry,
an organization for farmers that became popularly know as
the Grange. Its original purpose was
to provide a social outlet and an
educational forum for isolated farm
families.
Grandfather Clause
Stated that if a man failed the literacy test or could not pay the
poll tax, he was entitled to a vote if
he, his father, or grandfather had been eligible to vote before
private facilities.
Grange
Grange members spent most of their
time and energy fighting the railroads.
The Granges battle plan included
teaching its members how to organize, how
to set up farmers cooperatives and
how to sponsor state legislation to regulate
railroads.
1868 1869 1869
TrustParticipants in a trust
turned their stocks over to a group of
trustees-people who ran the separate companies were
entitled to dividends on profits earned by
the trust.
Tammany Hall
NYC most powerful
Democratic political machine in 1868. Headed by Boss tweed.
Transcontinental Railroad
A railroad line linking the Atlantic
and the Pacific Coasts of the U.S.
completes in 1869..
John D. Rockfeller
Established the Standard Oil Company, took a different approach to mergers, they joined competing companies in trust agreements. He used trust to gain total control of the oil
industry in America. In 1870 Rockfeller’s Standard Oil Company of Ohio processed
two or three of the country crude oil. Within a decade it controlled 90 percent of the
refining. Rockfeller reaped huge profits by paying his employees extremely low wages
and driving his competitors out by selling his oil at a lower price than it cost to produce it.
Then he controlled the market, he hiked prices far above original levels.
Tweed Ring
Boss Tweed became head of Tammany Hall in 1868. Between 1869-
1971 Boss Tweed led the tweed ring, a group of corrupt politicians in
defrauding a city.
Graft
Once a political machine got its candidates into
office, it could take advantage of numerous opportunities for graft-
the illegal use of political influence for
personal gain.
1870 18701869
Andrew Carnegie
By 1865, Carnegie was so busy managing the money he had earned in dividends that he happily left his job at
the Penn. Railroad. He entered the steel business in 1873 after touring a British
steel mill and witnessing the awesome spectacle of the
Bessemer process in action.
Jacob Riis
1870, left his native Denmark for U.S. Riis found work as a police reporter, a job that took him into some of New York City’s worst slums, where he was shocked at
the conditions in the overcrowded, airless, filthy
tenements. Riis used his talents to expose the hardships of NYC
Police.
1871 18731870
Fredrick Olmstead
Planned landscapes for
Washington D.C. and St.Louis.
Sitting Bull
In early June, 1876, the Sioux and Cheyenne held a
sun dance, during which Sitting Bull had a visions of soldiers and some Native
Americans falling from their horses. When Colonel Custer and his troops reached Little Bighorn
River, the Native American were ready for them.
Battle of Little Big Horn
AKA Custer’s last Stand. Occurred on June 25 and
26, 1876. Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho
tribe against the 7th Regiments of the U.S. 700
men led by Custer suffered a serve defeat.
1876 18761874
George A. Custer
He reported that he the Black Hills had Gold “from the grass roots
down”. Gold rush was on.
Thomas Alva Edison
Became a pioneer on the new industrial frontier when he establishes the
world’s first research laboratory in Mento
Park, NJ.
Alexander Graham Bell
Invented the telephone with Thomas Watson
help. It opened a way for a worldwide
communication networks. Telephone particular
affected office workers and created new jobs for
women.
1876 18761876
George A Custer
Led the 7th Regiment in the Battle of Little Bighorn. The Native American outflanked and crushed Custer’s
troop. Within an hour, Custer and all of the men of the 7th Cavalry were dead.
Political Machine
An organized group that controller the activities of a
political party in a city, there also offered services to voters and business in exchange for political of financial support.. In the
decades after the civil war, political machines gained
control of local government in Baltimore.
Thomas Edison
Perfected the incandescent light bulb and later invented
and entire system for producing and distributing
electrical power.
1880 18801879
Dumbbell Tenements
Law that required that every inhabitable room
have a window opening to plain air, a requirement
that was meant by including air shaft between adjacent buildings. The air shaft gives each tenement the shape of a dumbbell.
Ragtime
A Blend a African American and
European musical forms, it originated
in saloons of the south in the 1880’s.
Ida B. Wells
Moved to Memphis in 1880’s to work as a teacher. She later became a editor of a paper.
Radical Justice was a persistent theme in her reporting. The
events of March 9, 1892 turned that theme into a crusade. Three
African American business, friends of Wells, were illegally
executed without a trial.
1880 18801880
George Pullman
Built a factory for manufacturing
sleepers and other railroad cars on
the Illinois prairie.
Joseph Pulitzer
A Hungarian immigrant who has
bought the NY world in 1883. Pioneered
popular innovation, such as Sunday
edition, comics, sports coverage.
George Westinghouse
Along with Edison, added innovations that make electricity safer and less expensive.
1881 18831881
Booker T. Washington
Believed that racism would end once blacks acquires
useful labor skills and proved their economic
valve to society. By 1881 he headed the Tuskegee
Normal and Industrial Institute. In which he
aimed to educated African American by teaching
diplomats and useful skills.
Settlement House
Community Centers in slum neighborhoods that
provided assistance to people in the area
especially immigrants, many settlement workers lived at the house so that they could learn firsthand about the problems caused by urbanization and help
create solution.
Sitting Bull
By late 1876, however, the Sioux were beaten. Sitting
Bull and a few followers took refuge in Canada, where they
remained until 188. Eventually, to prevent his people’s starvation, Sitting
Bull was Forced to Surrender. Later, in 1885 he
Appears in William F. “Buffalo Bill” Cody’s Wild
West Show.
1885 18861884
Mugwumps
Republicans who refused to vote
republican in1884. Blaire political and financial corruption, supported
Govern Cleavland Democrat.
Interstate Commerce Act
Reestablished that right of federal government to
supervise railroad activities and establish a five man
Interstate Commerce Commission.
Dawes Act
Congress passed this Act aiming to Americanize the Native American. The Act broke up the reservations
and gave some of the reservations land to
individual Indians, 160 acres to each head of the
household and 80 acres to each unmarried adult.
1887 18871886
Haymarket Affair
Encouraged by the impact of the 1871 strike, labor leaders continues to press for change. On the evening of May 4, 1886, 3,000 people gathered at
Chicago Haymarket Squares to protect. Police
brutality-a striker had been killed the day
before.
Wounded Knee
Dec. 28, 1890, the 7th Cavalry, rounded up about 350 starving
and freezing Sioux and took them to wounded knee creek in
South Dakota. The nest day soldiers demanded that that
Sioux give up there weapons. A Shot was fires and soldiers open
fired with deadly cannons, within minutes they slaughtered about 300 unarmed Indians. This event brought the Indian War to
an end.
Jane Addams
One of most influential member of the movement (Social Gospel Movement). Addams was also an
antiwar activist, a spokesperson for
radical justice and an advocate for quality of
life issues.
1889 18901888
George Eastman
Introduced his Kodak camera. The price $25
included a 100 pictorial of film.
Ellis Island
About 20 percent of immigrants at Ellis
Island were detained for a day or
more before being inspected. However, only about 2 percent of those who were
detained were denied.
Sherman Antitrust Act
Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered
with free trade between states or with
other companies.
1890 18921890
Ghost Dance
A ritual Indians lands and way of
life would be restored. Ghost
Dance movement spread rapidly
among the 25,000 Sioux on the
Dakota Reservation.
Urbanization
The result of rapid growth of
cities,mostly in the region of the North East and Midwest.
Technological boom in the late 19th century.
Populism
The movement of the people. Political
movement where the people have a greater voice in government
and seeking to advance the interests
of farmers and laborers.
1892 18831892
Scab
A strikebreaker to kept the company
going while a strike was going
on.
1892
Omaha Platform
Was the party program adopted at the formative
convention of the Populism Party held in Omaha
Nebraska on July 4th, 1892
scab
William Randolph Hearst
The Wealthy Hearst had purchased the New York Morning Journal in 1895,
and Owned the San Francisco Examiner.
Pullman Strike
Pullman had hoped that his tightly controlled
environment would ensure a stable work force.
However, pay led to a violent strike in 1894.
1894 18951894
Eugene V Deb
Some labors leader felt that unions should include all laborers- skilled and unskilled in a specific industry which captured the
imagination of Eugene. 1894, the new union won a strike for
higher wages.
Plessy VS Ferguson
In 1896 this, the Supreme Court ruled that the
separation of races in public
accommodations was legal and did not violate the 14th
Amendment.
Samuel Gompers
Led the Cigar Makers International union to join with other craft union in 1896. The
American Federation of Labor with Gompers as
president , focused on collective bargaining.
1896 18961896
William Mckinley
1896 Republican party nominated Ohioan William
Mckinley for president. Mckniley got
approximately 7 million votes and carries the east.
With Mckinley edition, Populism collapsed
burying the hopes of the farmers.
Andrew Carnegie
The Carnegie steel company
manufactured more steel than all the factories in Great
Britain.
Karl Marx
Socialism carried to its extreme form-communism as
advocate by him, would result in the overthrow of the
capitalists system.
1897 18991896
Cross of Gold
Impassioned address delivered by former congressmen William
Jennings Bryan at the Democratic convention in
Chicago on July 8, 1896. The speech talk about the idea of
limiting the supply of gold and silver as currency and have
paper currency so they would not have a shortage of money.
Angel Island
Asians, primarily Chinese, arriving on the west coast gained admission at this island in San Francisco Bay Between 1910-1940 about 50,000 Chinese immigrants entered the U.S. . Contrast form Ellis Island
immigrants endured harsh questioning and a long detention
in filthy buildings while they waited to find out whether they would be admitted or rejected.
Instate Commerce Commission
Not until 1906, under President Theodore
Roosevelt, did the ICC gain the power it
needed to be effective.
1906 19101901
Andrew Carnegie
By the time he sold his business in 1901,
Carnegie’s companies producer by the far
the largest portion of the nation's steel.
Work Cited
All the pictures and photos were provided by Google images
Nez Perce: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nez_Perce_War
Chief Joseph: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Joseph
Buffalo Soldiers: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Soldiers
Greenback: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenback_Party
Sweat Shop: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat_Shop
Dumbbell Tenements: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Law-Tenement