korea [2012 vol.8 no. 5]
TRANSCRIPT
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
1/26
nkw ?:;?
K Ph`gctw Ufcrc Cqcrwhlc Mgqcp Thectfcr
Ihrck EhcpNsmtg smtsrkm
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Nsmtg smtsrkm
01
Pzc`gkm Gppscfu cbw
0:
Cltcrtkglnclttrdggm Ir
?6
Lhu gl Ihrckcpr g Ir
04
Emhkm IhrckIr _`p hs
0?
Pzhrtpt _gpge Pr a
?1
acptgqkm@rg`p ApgqIr
;1
Zchzmc@mppg`m zggpDbg Ig
;?
Zcl ! orspff Ugg fD f Ps
??
Pchsmk Prge Dw ghmwg` zri
?:
Erckt Ihrcklt Ige U Md _gpp` aBp- Ige Beb
`hltcltpnkw ?:;? Qhm,6 lh,3
:?
Pc`tghl ;Hqcr`hngle Dgaacrcl`cpTfrhsef @smtsrkm K`tgqgtgcp
Pc`tghl ?Mgqgle Thectfcrgl Dgqcrpgtw
@hqcr PthrwK Ph`gctw UfcrcCqcrwhlc Mgqcp
ThectfcrIhrck EhcpNsmtg`smtsrkm
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ihrck nkw ?:;??
@hqcr pthrw
K Ph`ct Ucc Cchlc Mcp Thctc
Ihrck Ehcp
Nsmtg`smtsrkm
Tfc fklec ptkrtcd mhle keh, Tfc ukmmp octuccl rk`cp kld
`smtsrcp krc `rsnomgle- lht hlmw gltcrlktghlkmmw ost gltrk.
lktghlkmmw, Phstf Ihrck gp kmrckdw k pc`hld fhncmkld th
lsncrhsp ahrcgelcrp arhn nklw hsltrgcp ufh krc zsrpsgle
tfc Ihrckl Drckn, Tfc ehqcrlnclt fkp occl fknncrgle
hst zhmg`gcp th fcmz tfcn pcttmc- kld gnngerkltp krc pt rgqgle th
rckmgc tfcgr Ihrckl Drckn kp zrhsd ncnocrp ha ph`gctw, Tfgp
gppsc ha IH_CK cvknglcp qkrghsp kpzc`tp ha tfc _czsomg` ha
Ihrck ehgle nsmtg`smtsrkm,
Pcbhle @smtsrkm @cltcr hreklgcd tfc Pcbhle Whstf FkrnhlwHr`fcptrk mkpt wckr gl hrdcr th zrhqgdc nspg` cds`ktghl th fgmdrclarhn nsmtg`smtsrkm akngmgcp, Tfc 3: ncnocrp ha tfc hr`fcptrk- ufhrc`hnncldcd ow 66 `fgmdrclp cltcrp k`rhpp Pchsm kld zkppcdksdgtghlp- krc erhugle tfcgr drckn ha oc`hngle nspg`gklp,
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ihrck nkw ?:;?4
Phnc ;,4 Nmmhl Ahclcp@hnlmc ut Lktc Ihcklp
Ihrck Ehcp
Nsmtg smtsrkmG t gp lh mhlecr sl`hnnhl th pzhtahrcgelcrp gl Phstf Ihrck- ufctfcr gltfc `gtw hr tfc `hsltrwpgdc, Nhrc kld
nhrc ahrcgelcrp `hnc th Phstf Ihrck th
uhri hr ahr nkrrgkec- kld nklw ha tfcnahrn ctflg` cl`mkqcp gl nklw zkrtp ha tfc
`hsltrw, Fcrc gp k nsmtg`smtsrkm nkz haIhrck, Gt gp `hlptkltmw ocgle szdktcd- ost
tfgp gp fhu gt mhhip thdkw,ow Mcc Bchle.csl- Mcc Pchl.ngl- kld Gn Pkle.ochn
Hc`hnl Daaccl`cpTh @mtkm K`ttcp
thectfcr, Tfc _kglohu @fhrsp h tfc @cltcr hr
Nsmtg`smtsrkm Ihrck &@N@I' ptkldp hst knhle
tfcn,
Tfc _kglohu @fhrsp gp tfc rpt.cqcr
nsmtg`smtsrkm fgmdrclp fhrsp gl Phstf Ihrck
kld `hnzrgpcp `fgmdrcl rhn kngmgcp ugtf
tcl dgcrclt lktghlkmgtgcp gl`msdgle Bkzklcpc-
Agmgzglh- _sppgkl- Grk{g- kld Tfkg, Zrhcppghlkm
nspg`gklp tck`f tfc `fhrsp ncnocrp rcc h
`fkrec- kld tfcw krc glqgtcd th pzc`gkm cqcltp,Tfcw cqcl pkle ochrc tfc thz mckdcrp ektfcrcd
hr tfc E.?: Pchsm Psnngt- k ld pcrqc kp Z_
knokppkdhrp hr nsmtg`smtsrkmgpn, Tfc `fhrsp
gp qgtkmmw gnzhrtklt th gtp ncnocrpps`f
gllh`clt `fgmdrcl ufh rccmw ngv ugtf hlc
klhtfcr rcekrdmcpp h lktghlkmgtw kld zfwpg`km
cktsrcpkld zrhqgdcp qkmskomc hzzhrtslgtgcp
hr gtp ksdgcl`cp th octtcr sldcrptkld ufkt k
nsmtg`smtsrkm ph`gctw gp mgic,
Tfcpc pzc`gkm k`tgqgtgcp kld cqcltp fcmz
zchzmc sldcrptkld tfc qkmsc h mgqgle thectfcr
gl dgqcrpgtw, Tfc kllskm Emhokm Qgmmkec Acptgqkm-
k zrherkn h tfc Fg Pchsm Acptgqkm gl dhulthul
Pchsm- orglep thectfcr hrcgelcrp rhn k`rhpp
tfc emhoc lhu mgqgle gl Pchsm, Tfc kllskm
Nhrc tfkl 43 ngmmghl zchzmc mct kldcltcrcd Phstf Ihrck gl ?:;; kmhlc- kldtfc lsnocr h hrcgelcrp ptkwgle g l Ihrck
thzzcd ;,4 ngmmghl, Wcp- Ihrckl ph`gctw gp rkzgdmw
ehgle nsmtg`smtsrkm, H t fcpc ;,4 ngmmghl- ;,;
ngmmghl krc mhle.tcrn gnngerkltp- rczrcpcltgle
?,? zcr`clt h tfc Ihrckl zhzsmktghl, Lckrmw 47
zcr`clt h tfcn krc Ihrckl @fglcpc ufh nhqcd
ok`i th tfcgr kl`cptrkm ktfcrmkld- hmmhucd ow
Kncrg`klp kt 7,3 zcr`clt- Qgctlkncpc kt 6,0
zcr`clt- kld Bkzklcpc kt 4,? zcr`clt, Tfgp psrec
gl hrcgel pcttmcrp gl Ihrck `kl oc kttrgostcd
th gl`rckpcp gl tfc lsnocrp h ngerklt
uhricrp- nkrrgkec gnngerkltp- fgmdrcl ohrl
th nsmtg`smtsrkm kngmgcp- Ihrckl lktghlkmp
rctsrlgle rhn korhkd- kld Lhrtf Ihrckl
Emhokm Qgmmkec Acptgqkm gp tfc mkr
nsmtg`smtsrkm cptgqkm gl Phstf I
cktsrcp zcrhrnkl`cp ow krtgpt
`gtgcp gl pgptcr rcmktghlpfgzp ugtf
`rktp- kld `hptsncp rhn krhsl
krc kmm cktsrcd kt tfgp cqclt, Gt g
hr zchzmc ugtf hzcl fckrtp th f
cvzcrgcl`c dgcrclt `smtsrcp,
HzzHrTsLgTgCP TH NKIC@HNC TrsC
Ahrcgelcrp mgqgle gl Ihrck ufh
rhn zrcptgeghsp slgqcrpgtgcp hr
cv`cztghlkm tkmcltp htcl egqc sz
kp zrhcppghlkmp2 tfcw krc pgnzm
ckrlgle k mgqgle, Aglkl`gkm pc`s
hr zchzmc th dcqcmhz tfcgr tkmcl
gl tfcgr mhle.tcrn `krccrp, Tfc g
trklplktghlkm `fhrsp Nhltklt gp
rcekrd, Gtp smm.tgnc ncnocrp kr
tfc hsr nkbhr ph`gkm g lpsrkl`cp
glpsrkl`c- gldsptrgkm k``gdclt h
glpsrkl`c- lktghlkm zclpghl- kl
glpsrkl`c' kld `hnc th uhri bs
pkmkrgcd ncl kld uhncl gl P hs
pc`tghl
:;
Gl`hhzcrktghlugtftfcGltcrlktghlkm@h
hzcrktghlDgqgpghlhaPchsmNctrhzhmgtklEhqcrlnclt-
@cltcrahrNsmtg`smtsrkmIhrck-PchrkcE
mhokmQgmmkec@cltcr-WHLFKZLCUPkldLCUPOKLIGNKEC
Nsmtg`smtsrkm akngmwncnocrp ngv ogognokztfkt rczrcpclt tfcfkrnhlw ha dgqcrpc`smtsrcp kt tfcOgognokz Acptgqkm
dcc`thrp th Phstf Ihrck, Kp Phstf Ihrck
oc`hncp rk`gkmmw kld `smtsrkmmw nhrc dgqcrpc-
tfc lktghlkm- mh`km- kld nslg`gzkm ehqcrlncltp
fkqc occl dcqgpgle lcu zhmg`gcp th cnork`c
tfcn kp ncnocrp h Ihrckl ph`gctw,
@sMTsrKM K@TgqgTgCP TH AHrN
PfKrCD sLDCrPTKLDgLe
Tfc zsomg` kld zrgqktc pc`thrp kmgic krc iccl
th pszzhrt k`tgqgtgcp kld cqcltp tfkt orgdec
`smtsrkm dgcrcl`cp octuccl Ihrcklp
kld hrcgelcrp mgqgle gl Phstf Ihrck,
Pglegle erhszp- cptgqkmp- kld pzhrtgle
cqcltp rczrcpclt tfc nhpt hnnhl
ncklp h orglegle `smtsrkmmw
dgptgl`t erhszp `mhpcr
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
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ihrck nkw ?:;?1
Pglecr Glphhlg ercu sz kp k ngvcd rk`c `fgmd
gl Phstf Ihrck kld gp lhu kl k``mkgncd _!O
dgqk kld Nhltkltp krt dgrc`thr, Nhltkltp
ncnocrp krc gnngerkltp rhn lglc `hsltrgcp
gl`msdgle Nhlk`h- Tgoct- kld Gldhlcpgk, Tfc
lknc- Nhltklt- phsldp pgngmkr th tfc Ihrckl
uhrd nhlttkle- ufg`f ncklp kmm kld cqcrw,
Tfc lknc pgelgcp tfkt tfc ncnocrp kl pgle kmm
phlep gl tfc uhrmd, Tfc hsldcrp h tfc `fhrsp
fhzc tfkt gt ugmm erhu kp k ph`gkmmw rcpzhlpgomc
ospglcpp kld krc dcqhtcd th tfc `kspc h
zrhqgdgle smm.tgnc bhop hr gtp ncnocrp,
Acu whsle zchzmc gl Phstf Ihrck fhhpc
th mgqc gl rsrkm krckp, Tfgp gp cpzc`gkmmw trsc h
whsle uhncl, Kp k erhsz- tfcw krc kqcrpc th
mgqgle kp krncrp ugqcp, Kp k rcpsmt- tfc kqcrkec
kec h tfc zchzmc mgqgle gl tfc `hsltrwpgdc fkp
gl`rckpcd- ost tfc trcld gp ocegllgle th rcqcrpc
tfklip th kl glasv h hrcgel uhncl th nkrrgle
Ihrckl ncl, Phnc h tfcn oc`hnc fckdp h
uhnclp ph`gctgcp gl t fcgr mh`km hnnslgtgcp
kld cqcl fckdp h tfc qgmmkecp tfcw mgqc gl,
Tfcw k`{sgrc ilhufhu kohst mgqgle gl
Phstf Ihrck kld k``snsmktc cvzcrgcl`c kp
hrcgel orgdcp- nhtfcrp- dkseftcrp.gl.mku-
kld lcgefohrp, Kt rpt- tfcw ptkrt tfcgr lcu
mgqcp kp rc`gzgcltp h kppgptkl`c- ost mktcr tfcw
oc`hnc dhlhrp kld kppgptkltp, Gl zkrtg`smkr-
tfcw kppgpt htfcr hrcgel uhncl ufh hnc th
Ihrck th nkrrw kld tfcgr `fgmdrcl, _ktfcr tfkl
fgdgle gl tfcgr fhncp kp ngerkltp- tfcw eh hst
kld sl`tghl kp smm ncnocrp h tfcgr mh`km
`hnnslgtgcp- erkdskmmw orglegle tfcgr Ihrckl
Drckn th rsgtghl,
AHrUKrD.MHHIgLe zHMg@w
Tfc gl`rckpgle dgqcrpgtw h Phstf Ihrckl ph`gctw
ukp cqcl cqgdcl`cd gl tfc rc`clt eclcrkmcmc`tghlp, Mcc Bkpnglc- k lktsrkmgcd Ihrckl
`gtgcl- ukp cmc`tcd th tfc Lktghlkm Kppcnomw
h tfc _czsomg` h Ihrck ow zrhzhrtghlkm
rczrcpcltktghl- ufg`f gldg`ktcp tfkt Phstf Ihrck
gp gldccd cnork`gle hrcgelcrp kp ncnocrp h
ph`gctw,
Kp nhrc kld nhrc hrcgelcrp rnmw
pcttmc dhul gl Ihrck- tfc `cltrkm kld mh`km
ehqcrlncltp hrnsmktc lcu zhmg`gcp th pszzhrt
tfcgr `fgmdrcl, @fgmdrcl rhn nsmtg`smtsrkm
kngmgcp lktsrkmmw tcld th ncmt glth Ihrckl
ph`gctw gl k pcknmcpp ukw, Tfcgr zkrcltp fhzc
tfcw ugmm lht mhpc tfcgr hul lktghlkm gdcltgtgcp-
kld tfgp `hl`crl gp kddrcppcd gl ehqcrlnclt
zhmg`w,Hlc cvknzmc gp tfc nsmtg`smtsrkm p`fhhm
rsl ow tfc Pchsm Nctrhzhmgtkl Ehqcrlnclt
ufcrc ogmgleskm cds`ktghl- cds`ktghl gl pzc`gkm
tkmcltp- kld cds`ktghl hr zkrcltp krc zrhqgdcd,
@fgmdrcl `kl mckrl tfcgr zkrcltp nhtfcr
thlescp gl`msdgle @fglcpc kld Nhlehmgkl kld
rc`cgqc mcpphlp gl krtp kld zfwpg`km cds`ktghl,
Zkrcltp `kl mckrl fhu th cds`ktc tfcgr `fgmdrcl
kt fhnc kld fhu th rkgpc tfcgr `fgmdrcl
ogmgleskmmw, Tfcw `kl kmph mckrl Ihrckl ow
pglegle kld cvzcrgcl`gle Ihrckl `smtsrc,
Tfc Phstf Ihrckl ehqcrlnclt kllhsl`cd k
?:;? k`tghl zmkl hr zhmg`w th fcmz hrcgelcrp hl
Bklskrw ?5 h tfgp wckr,
Tfc zmkl pfhup tfkt tfc ehqcrlnclt gp iccl
hl orglegle gl hrcgel uhricrp th ncct tfc
lccdp h ospglcpp- rsl nsmtg`smtsrkm `mkppcp
th cc`tgqcmw fcmz hrcgelcrp pcttmc gl Ihrck-
kld fkqc nhrc p`fhhmp zrhqgdc hsrpcp hl
nsmtg`smtsrkmgpn,
@fgmdrcl arhn nsmtg`smtsrkmakngmgcp krc ncnocrp ha tfc_kglohu @fhgr kt tfc @cltcrahr Nsmtg`smtsrkm Ihrck,
Nmt mtkm Ptcctp utrcpc`t ah Daaccl`cp
Tfc Phstf Ihrckl ehqcrlncltp zhmg`w hlnsmtg`smtsrkm gppscp gp okpg`kmmw dcpgelcdhr fhnheclgktghl h ph`gctw- ost gt kmph
rcpzc`tp tfc gdcltgtgcp kld dgqcrpgtw tfkt hrcgelzchzmc orgle ufcl tfcw oc`hnc ncnocrp h
Ihrckl ph`gctw, Tfcw lktsrkmmw hrn tfcgr ctflg`
cl`mkqcp ufcrc tfcgr slg{sc smtsrcp tf rgqc,
Knhle tfcpc krc Wkleiih`fg Ptrcct &Ptrcct h
Nstthl Picucrp' gl Euklebgl Dgptrg`t- Pchsm9
Dknslfuk Ptrcct &Nsmtg`smtsrkm Ptrcct' gl
Klpkl gl tfc zrhqgl`c h Ewchleeg9 Nspmgn
Thul gl Gtkcuhl- Pchsm9 kld Nhlehm Ptrcct gl
Euklefsg.dhle gl tfc Dhledkcnsl Dgptrg`t-
Pchsm, Tfcpc ptrcctp kld thulp krc lht hlmw
rc{scltcd ow hrcgelcrp ost kmph Ihrcklp kld
pcrqc kp qclscp hr nsmtg`smtsrkm cvzcrgcl`c
kld `hnnslg`ktghl,
Pchsm gp k ng`rh`hpn h tfc emhokm _czsomg`
h Ihrck, Gl kmm hsr `krdglkm dg
nsmtg`smtsrkm thulp, Knhle tfc
Whlepkl dgptrg`t gp lhu km mcd t
h Nsmtg`smtsrkmgpn, Clemgpf.pzmhle h``szgcd Gtkcuhl kld krc o
rczmk`cd ow zchzmc rhn tfc Ng
Krg`k- ufh fkqc occl hrngle
kld Krg`k Thul, _hsefmw 3:: N
lckr Ihrckp mkrecpt nhp{sc gl G
G mgqc gl Pchlelkn- ost hn
oc`kspc tfc nhp{sc gp fcrc- pk
Fsppcgl rhn Zkigptkl, Nklw
rgcldp mgqc gl Gtkcuhl- kld G cc
oc`kspc G `kl ckt fkmkm hhdp- uf
kp rc{sgrcd ow tfc Ihrkl,
Nhpt h tfc dclgclp h Krg`
Lgecrgkl, Kohst k fkm h tfcn
hr tfgp rckphl- Nspmgn Thul kl
Gl Gtkcuhl- tfcrc krcptrcctp kmmcd NspmgnThul kld Karg`kl Thul,
pc`tghl
:?
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
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ihrck nkw ?:;?6
gltcrnglemc th k erckt dcercc,
Gl Dhleosg`fhl.dhle- k lcgefohrfhhd gl
Whlepkl Dgptrg`t- gp k qgmmkec `kmmcd Mgttmc Thiwh,
Zmkgl kld zck`csm- tfc kzkrtnclt hrcpt gp
fhnc th hqcr ;?-::: Bkzklcpc, Tfcw ect thectfcr
hl`c k wckr ufcl tfc P chsm Bkzkl @mso- kl
kpph`gktghl h Bkzklcpc ufh mgqc gl Ihrck- fhmdp
k @frgptnkp `fkrgtw `hl`crt ufcrc Bkzklcpc
`fhrspcp kld ptsdcltp rhn Bkzklcpc p`fhhmp
gl Ihrck pgle phlep, Tfc `hl`crt kmph cktsrcpdkl`crp kld htfcr krtgptp rhn Bkzkl th egqc k
emgnzpc glth trkdgtghlkm Bkzklcpc `smtsrc,
IHrCKLP KrC zKrT HA TfCN
Pchrkc Nkcsm- k qgmmkec gl Ok lzh- Pchsm-
gp `kmmcd k pnkmm Arkl`c gl Ihrck, Phnc 5:
zcr`clt h tfc rcpgdcltp krc Arcl`f, Tfc P chrkc
Emhokm Qgmmkec @cltcr gl Pchrkc Nkcsm hcrp k
slg{sc `rhpp.`smtsrkm cvzcrgcl`c gl kddgtghl th
mc`tsrcp gl Ihrckl kld Arcl`f, Dgrc`thr Nkrgc.
Zgcrrc Kmmgrhm h tfc `cltcr pkwp- Dsrgle tfc
Arcl`f p`fhhm pcncptcr- tfcrc krc nhrc Arcl`f
zchzmc- ph uc krrklec nhrc zrherknp hr
tfkt zcrghd, Ihrcklp kmph zkrtg`gzktc gl tfc
k`tgqgtgcp h tfc `cltcr, Gl k`t- nhrc tfkl 4::Ihrcklp krc rcegptcrcd ugtf tfc `cltcr- lckrmw
dhsomc tfc lsnocr h Arcl`f, Tfcrc gp kmph k
Ecrnkl `hnnslgtw gl Pchsm tfkt gp mh`ktcd
Nr, Fukle arhN qgctlkN rslp k rcptksrklt gl Dhulthul pchsm
Fhkle Tfg lkn- hr Fukle Tg.lkn kp zrhlhsl`cd gl Ihrckl- `knc th Phstf Ihrck
hl qk`ktghl gl ?::1 kld tkptcd rg`c lhhdmcp kt k Qgctlkncpc rcptksrklt, Th fgp
erckt psrzrgpc- tfc lhhdmcp tkptcd lhtfgle mgic hrgeglkm Qgctlkncpc rg`c lhhdmcp,
Kt tfkt tgnc- fc ukp bspt ?; wckrp hmd kld rcpf hst h `hmm cec, Fc dctcrnglcd rgeft
tfcl kld tfcrc th orgle tfc trsc tkptc h Qgctlkncpc hhd th Ihrck, Fc phmd kmm fgp
ocmhleglep- ohrrhucd nhlcw rhn rgcldp- kld tfcl `knc ok`i th Ihrck th hzcl
k rcptksrklt, Fc lkncd tfc rcptksrklt Pkgehl,
Fhkle tfcl fgrcd k `fc rhn Qgctlkn kld orglep kmm h tfc nhpt gnzhrtklt
glercdgcltp rhn fgp fhncmkld gl hrdcr th hcr tfc hrgeglkm tkptcp h phstfcrl
Qgctlkn, Uhrd phhl pzrckd h fgp dc mc`tkomc krc tfkt ukp m gic lhtfgle cmpc hl
hcr gl Ihrck- kld aqc wckrp mktcr- Pkgehl gp hlc h tfc nhpt zhzsmkr rcptksrkltp
gl tfc Bhlelh krck h Pchsm,
Fhkle `hsmd lht pzcki Ihrckl ucmm kt arpt kld dgd lht sldcrptkld Ihrckl mku-
ost fc ukp komc th rc`cgqc fcmz rhn Ihrcklp krhsld fgn, Tfgp ukp psrcmw hlc icw
glercdgclt th fgp rc`gzc hr ps``cpp,
Pkgehl fkp tfrcc rkl`fgpc mh`ktghlp thdkw- ost Fhkle gp lht wct pktgpacd, Fc
ukltp th fkqc ?3 mh`ktghlp hzcl ow ?:;3, Fc pkwp ugtf k pngmc tfkt gt uhsmd kmph oc ehhd th nkrrw k Ihrckl- k pngmc
tfkt pfhup fgp `hladcl`c gl tfc ps``cpp h fgp lcu `fkmmclec,
zfclhnclhl, Nsmtgzmc hrcgel smtsrcp
`hnglemc gl Uhlehi.dhle- Klpkl @gtw-
Ewchleeg Zrhqgl`c, Tfcrc- whs nkw ccm kp g
whs krc ukmigle dhul k ptrcct gl Tfkgmkld- tfc
Zfgmgzzglcp- hr @fglk, Gt ukp dcpgelktcd kp k
nsmtg`smtsrkm pzc`gkm dgptrg`t gl ?::7 kld fkp
pgl`c oc`hnc kl gnzhrtklt thsrgpt kttrk`tghl,
Tfc qcrw nhnclt whs ptcz g lth tfc Uhlehi
lcgefohrfhhd- whsr pclpc h pncmm gp ptgnsmktcd
ow cvhtg` p`cltp, Pthrcp krc smm h trhzg`km rsgtpps`f kp nklehptccl- dsrgkl- kld zgtkwk9 ptrcctp
krc mglcd ugtf ptkmmp tfkt pcmm hrcgel ptrcct
hhdp tfkt `hnzkrc th Ihrckp ttchiohiig-egnokz-
kld psldkc &lht tfc g`c `rckn dcppcrt kp nklw
Ucptcrlcrp uhsmd tfgli',
Kmhle tfc Uhlehi nsmtg`smtsrkm ptrcct krc
phnc ;3: rcptksrkltp ufcrc hrcgelcrp hhi
kld pcmm tfcgr trkdgtghlkm hhdp, Sltkncd th tfc
Ihrckl zkmktc- tfc hhdp kttrk`t nhrc kttcltghl
rhn Ihrcklp- cpzc`gkmmw tfhpc ufh fkqc ehlc
hl cvtcldcd ok`izk`igle trgzp th htfcr Kpgkl
`hsltrgcp gl`msdgle Gldgk,
Dhul phstf hl tfc Ihrckl Zclglpsmk
tfcrc gp k qgmmkec `kmmcd tfc Gtkcuhl h
Egnfkc- gl Pchpkle.dhle- Egnfkc gt w- PhstfEwchlepklelkn Zrhqgl`c, Tfc `gtw dcpgelktcd
Pchpkle.dhle kp k hrcgelcrp ptrcct th dcqcmhz
gt kp k thsrgpt dcptglktghl,
Asrtfcr phstfukrd gp Ihrckp pc`hld ogeecpt
lckr tfc Ecrnkl p`fhhm gl Fkllkn.dhle- k
lcgefohrfhhd gl Whlepkl Dgptrg`t,
K @cltrkm Kpgkl `hnnslgtw gp gl kl krck h
dhulthul Pchsm ugtf kmmcwp lk ncd Nhlehm
Ptrcct- Socigptklg Ptrcct- kld _sppgkl Ptrcct,
Gl Ekrgohle.dhle gl Esrh Dgptrg`t kld Dkcrgn.
dhle gl Wchledcslezh Dgptrg`t krc Ihrckl
@fglcpc thulp, Kohst 45:-::: Ihrckl @fglcpc
mgqc gl Phstf Ihrck- kld tfcw k``hslt hr kmnhpt
hlc zcr`clt h tfc cltgrc zhzsmktghl h tfc`hsltrw, Gl htfcr uhrdp- hlc hst h ;:: zchzmc gl
Phstf Ihrck gp Ihrckl @fglcpc,
Tfcw spcd th mgqc thectfcr gl Wchledcslezh
kld Esrh- ufg`f krc rhudcd ugtf k`thrgcp k ld
zmkltp- ost kp tfc lsnocr h Ihrckl @fglcpc
zchzmc fkp rgpcl hqcr tfc zkpt cu wckrp- nklw
fkqc rcmh`ktcd th htfcr zkrtp h Pchsm gl`msdgle
Ohle`fchl.dhle- Pchleps.dhle- Pglpchm.dhle-
kld Bkwkle.dhle, Kld Bkwkle.dhle gl Euklebgl
Dgptrg`t gp cpzc`gkmmw lhtkomc oc`kspc h tfc ph.
`kmmcd Wkleiih`fg Ptrcct &Ptrcct h Nstthl
Picucrp', K mglc h nhrc tfkl ;:: rcptksrkltp
pcrqgle @fglcpc nstthl picucrp- hr @fglcpc
pfgpf icoko- ptrct`fcp kohst hlc igmhnctcr
kmhle tfc ptrcct hrgeglkmmw `kmmcd Dhlegm.rh Egm;6, Uhrd.h.nhstf kohst tfc slg{sc nstthl
picucrp fkp pzrckd- kld fkm h tfc spthncrp
krc lhu Ihrckl, Tfc dgptrg`t h Euklebgl
Dgptrg`t gp pccigle k ukw th tkic kdqkltkec h
tfc pgtsktghl th ohhpt tfc mh`km c`hlhnw,
G whs uhsmd mgic th cvzcrgcl`c Agm gzglh
`smtsrc- eh th tfc Zfgmgzzglcp thul mh`ktcd gl
Fwcfuk.dhle, Cqcrw Psldkw- tfcrc gp k mhle
Agmgzglh nkrict gl rhlt h tfc `ktfcdrkm ufcrc
k ugdc pcmc`tghl h Agm gzglh hhdp kld cqcrwdkw
ehhdp krc ohseft kld phmd, Tfc uccimw ptrcct
nkrict gp cpzc`gkmmw zhzsmkr knhle uhncl
ufh knc th Ihrck hr nkrrgkec, Tfcw lht
hlmw osw tfglep ost pfkrc lcup rhn tfcgr
fhncthulp kld lhptkmeg` pthrgcp h tfcgr hul,
NsMTg@sMTsrKMgPN MCKDP TH LCU
THsrgPN HAACrgLeP
Nsmtg`smtsrkm thulp krc lht slg{sc th Pchsm,
Tfcw krc gl`rckpglemw oc`hngle k lktghlugdc
gpmkld- Echbc, Tfc gpmkld gp tfc `cltcr h Phstf
Ihrckp pfgzosgmdgle g ldsptrw, Gt gp fhnc th
Dkcuhh Pfgzosgmdgle ! Nkrglc Cleglccrgle
&DPNC' kld Pknpsle Fckqw Gldsptrgcp &PFG',
Tfcpc ocfcnhtfp fgrc lsncrhsp hrcgelcrp-
kld hrcgel pfgz hulcrp kld pfgz `mkpp
kecl`gcp dgpzkt`f nklw cvzktp th tfgp krck,
Nklw h tfcn krc rhn Lhrukw- k emhokm mckdcr
gl pfgzosgmdgle- kld tfc gpmkld lhu fkp k
Lhrtfcrl Csrhzckl thul,
Nhrc kld nhrc mh`km kld nslg`gzkmehqcrlncltp krc cvzmhrgle ukwp th tkz
hrcgelcrp thulp th ohmptcr tfcgr mh`km
c`hlhngcp, Tfcgr chrtp eclcrkmmw glqhmqc
fhmdgle nsmtg`smtsrkm cptgqkmp,
;Ptrcct zcrahrnkl`c fcmdkt tfc Pchsm Argcldpfgz Akgr
?:;?,
? Nsmtg`smtsrkm akngmgcpzkrtg gzktc gl k `hhigle cqcltzrcpcltgle tfcgr hul lktghlkm`sgpglcp,
;
?
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
7/26
ihrck nkw ?:;?;:
kld pzcki dgcrclt mkleskecp- fc rcac`tp,
Mgicugpc- hrcgel `hsltrgcp kmph fkd qcrw
ksmtw zcr`cztghlp h Ihrck, Tfcw ocmgcqcd tfkt
Ihrcklp ucrc ptgmm uckrgle tfc ekt &k Bhpchl
Dwlkptw.ptwmc fkt hr ncl nkdc h oknohhkld fhrpcfkgr' kld tfc dsrsnkeg &k trkdgtghlkm
Ihrckl hqcr`hkt',
Gl tfhpc dkwp- tfcrc ukp lh tcrn mgic
nsmtg`smtsrkm- kld fhucqcr hzcl.ngldcd fc
ukp- fc kmph fkd th cldsrc gllcr `hlag`tp dsc th
`smtsrkm dgcrcl`cp fc cvzcrgcl`cd cqcrw pglemc
dkw, Kmtfhsef nklw {scptghlp mmcd fgp ng ld-
fc dc`gdcd th dgp`krd fgp vcd gdckp hl kmnhpt
cqcrwtfgle gl hrdcr th ngv ugtf tfc Ihrcklp,
Fc iczt fgp ngld hzcl kld k``cztcd tfc lcu
`smtsrc kld qcltsrcd th dh lcu tfglep, Tfcpc
chrtp `fklecd cqcl fgp zkmktc- kld fc ukp
kt mkpt komc th clbhw kmtkle &pf cee ptcu' kld
fhlech fhc &rku piktc',
Ahr tfc zkpt cu wckrp- tfcrc fkp occl kpsrec gl tfc lsnocrp h nsmtg`smtsrkm kngmgcp-
hrcgel ptsdcltp- kld ngerklt uhricrp, Tfgp
fkp mcd th k `fklec gl tfc Ihrckl ngldpct
thukrdp hrcgelcrp kld lktghlkm zhmg`w gl nklw
rcpzc`tp, Fhmmcw ocmgcqcp tfkt tfgp `fklec ugmm
mckd Ihrckl ph`gctw glth oc`hngle k nktsrc
nsmtg`smtsrkm ph`gctw, Fc hlmw fhzcp hr tfc
zsomg` th rcncnocr tfkt cqcrwhlc gp pzc`gkm,
Tfcw pfhsmd oc nct ugtfhst zrcbsdg`c rhn pigl
`hmhr hr lktghlkmgtw,
rC@HeLgC DgAACrCL@CP KLD MCKrL
ArHN HLC KLHTfCr
Tfc Ihrcklp krc eclcrkmmw zrhsd h ocgle
rk`gkmmw fhnheclchsp- kld tfc lktghl dhcp lhtpccn rckdw th smmw cnork`c nsmtg`smtsrkmgpn,
Ahrcgelcrp ccm tfkt tfcw krc hr`cd th oc`hnc
mgic Ihrcklp rcekrdmcpp h tfcgr hrgeglkm `smtsrcp
hr ukwp h tfgli gle, Fhmmcw ocmgcqcp tfkt
cds`ktghl th kdqkl`c nstskm sldcrptkldgle
gp kl gnzhrtklt phmstghl th rcphmqc tfgp gppsc,
Ufgmc hrcgelcrp gl Ihrck mckrl kohst Ihrck-
Ihrcklp kmph lccd th mckrl kohst zchzmc rhn
htfcr hsltrgcp, Fc pkwp tfcrc gp k ercktcr lccd
hr cds`ktghl hl tfc `smtsrcp h Phstfckpt Kpgk
tfkl tfhpc h t fc Ucpt pgl`c tfc Ihrcklp kmrckdw
ilhu ns`f kohst tfc mkttcr, Fhmmcw cnzfkpgcp
tfkt hl`c zchzmc sldcrptkld smtsrkm dgcrcl`cp
kld tfcgr gnzmg`ktghlp- tfcw ugmm nhrc rckdgmw
k``czt ck`f htfcr, Kt tfc qcrw mckpt- Ihrcklp ugmm
sldcrptkld ufw phnc hrcgelcrp fkqc dg`smtw
zkrtkigle h ign`fg,
Fhmmcw gp ospw lhukdkwp, Mh`km kld
nslg`gzkm ehqcrlncltp kld p`fhhmp glqgtc
fgn hr mc`tsrcp kohst nsmtg`smtsrkm ph`gctw,
Fc fkp nhrc hzzhrtslgtgcp tfkl ochrc th tkmi
ugtf orgdcp rhn hrcgel hsltrgcp ufh hnc
th fgp mc`tsrcp- hr zmkw ugtf `fgmdrcl rhn
nsmtg`smtsrkm kngmgcp, Fc lhu ocmgcqcp tfkt fc
`kl cqcl rckd tfcgr ngldp,
Arhn pccgle tfhpc ufh krc trwgle th ptkrt k
lcu mgc kld ld fkzzglcpp gl k lcu `hsltrw-
Fhmmcw fkp hlmw hlc hl`crl, Tfcpc hrcgelcrp
ugpf tfkt tfcw fkd k Ihrckl rgcld, Fkqgle
k Ihrckl rgcld uhsmd oc k erckt pszzhrt hr
tfcpc zchzmc ufh krc ptkrtgle k lcu mgc gl
k ptrklec zmk`c, Tfcw uhsmd ccm mcpp mgi c kl
hstpgdcr, Zcrfkzp tfcw ugmm cqcl fkqc tfc clcrew
th mgqc hr tfcgr drcknp g l Ihrck ph`gctw, Gl
`hl`mspghl- fc egqcp k pgnzmc phmstghl th Ihrckl
ph`gctw- ufg`f gp ptrseemgle th eh nsmtg`smtsrkm-
k pgnzmc klpucr hr fkzzglcpp hr kmm okpcd hl
fgp cvzcrgcl`c2 Mctp fkqc hrcgel rgcldp+
rhocrt
Fhmmcw
_hocrt Fhmmcw- kl gltcrlktghlkm
mkuwcr kld tcmcqgpghl cmcorgtw- gpk lktsrkmgcd Ihrckl gtgcl, Whsrrczhrtcr ahr IH_CK ncctp Fhmmcw-
ufh cqcl ahsldcd k p`fhhm ahr ahrcgel`fgmdrcl- th fckr fgp pthrgcpfhu fc
kdkztcd th Ihrckl smtsrc kld ufktfc tfglip Phstf Ihrck pfhsmd dh hl gtp
ukw thukrd oc`hngle k nsmtg`smtsrkmph`gctw,ow Gn Pkle.ochn ( zfhtherkzfp ow Mcc Ngl.fcc
_hocrt Fhmmcw rhpc th tcmcqgpghl ptkrdhn glPhstf Ihrck gl tfc rpt dc`kdc h tfc ?;pt`cltsrw, Ufcl kl gltcrlktghlkm mkuwcr rhn tfc
Slgtcd Ptktcp pzhic Ihrckl gl k tfg`i Ospkl
dgkmc`t- kmm Ihrcklp hzclcd tfcgr fckrtp th fgn,
Fc ukp gl kmm phrtp h zrherknp kld cktsrcd gl
TQ `hnncr`gkmp,Fcp eht k Ihrckl lknc- Fk.gm- ufg`f fc
k`{sgrcd ufcl fc oc`knc Ihrckl gl ;775, Gt
ukp hqcr 0: wckrp keh ufcl fc rpt knc th
Ihrck kp k ngppghlkrw, Ok`i tfcl- zchzmc mhhicd
kt fgn ugtf ps`f `srghpgtw kp g fc ucrc kl
kmgcl rhn klhtfcr zmklct, Mktcr- ufcl fc fkd
`fgmdrcl- fc kmph ugtlcppcd `smtsrkm dgcrcl`cp,
Nklw Ihrcklp uhsmd ths`f fgp `fgmdrcl
ugtfhst pccigle zcrngppghl- pkwgle t fcw ucrc
zrcttw, Fgp fgmdrcl ucrc phnctgncp rgdg`smcd
kt p`fhhm oc`kspc h tfcgr zc`smgkr lkncp,
Fhucqcr- Fhmmcw dgdlt rck`t m gic fgp hrcgelcrrgcldp- ufh pgnzmw kqhgdcd ps`f pgtsktghlp, Fc
cnork`cd ps`f dgcrcl`cp ugtf kl hzcl fckrt,
Ps`f czgphdcp ucrc lht sl`hnnhl oc`kspc
Ihrcklp dgd lht fkqc nklw hzzhrtslgtgcp
th cl`hsltcr hrcgelcrp- ufh mhhi dgcrclt
_hocrttfc lccck`f hph gctw
fhl ah k fkNmt`mtkm Ph`ct
-
8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
8/26ihrck nkw ?:;?;?
ZCL ! O_SPF
Fhnc Ugtfgl FhncDh Fh PsFDh Fh Psf gp kl kr tgpt ufh pccip tfc nc gl fhnc kld k lhnkd ufh
tfrhsefhst tfc uhrmd lckrmw kmm wckr rhsld, T fc hl`czt hr tfc cltgtw h k`rhpp kp ocgle cpzc`gkmmw ncklglesm th tfgp Ihrckl hltcnzhrkrw krtgp
glth fgp hul fhnc th mckrl kohst tfc krtgpt, ow Gn Pkle.ochn
Psfp ?::7 krtzgc`c-Fhnc ugtfgl Fhnc;(;;- cvzrcppcp Fklhigl kl kzkrtnclt,Gl
`hhzcrktghlugtfMccsn-
PknpsleNspcsnhaKrt
-
8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
9/26ihrck nkw ?:;?;4
; Psfp fhspcp glptkmmcdgl tfc Erhsld Ekmmcrw, Tfckrthri fklegle rhn tfc`cgmgle gp Pchsm Fhspc,
? Ptkgrp- oktfrhhn- ct` krcdcmg`ktcmw cnohdgcd gl LcWhri Kzkrtnclt,
0 _cac`tghl- fg`f qgpskmgcpphpcsm dkcnsl &mhtw nkglektc' h Fklhi dgpzmkwcd kttfc cltrkl`c h tfc ekmmcrw-rczrcpcltp tfc cltrkl`c hpzk`c,
;
`mhtfc gt ugtf tkgmhrcd ekrncltp, Kld k fhnc gp
lht hlmw kl kr`fgtc`tsrkm ptrs`tsrc- ost fkrohrp
gnnktcrgkm ncnhrgcp, Tfktp ufw G fhpc tfgl-
trklpms`clt korg`p, Tfktp kmph ufw G fhpc tfc
uhrd fhnc hqcr tfc uhrd fhspc hr tfc tgtmc
h nw cvfgogtghl,
Tfc uhri Akmmcl Ptk r.;(3 gl tfc pknc pzk`c
`kmmcd tfc Omk`i Ohv thectfcr ugtf Fhnc
Ugtfgl Fhnc.;(;; cvzrcppcp ufkt fc cmt kp
k hrcgel ptsdclt mgqgle gl tfc SP kld pfhup k
Fklhi kmmgle kld `rkpfgle glth kl Kncrg`klthulfhspc hl k hlc.tf p`kmc, Tfc Fklhi gp k
rczrcpcltktghl h fgp `fgmdfhhd fhnc, Tfrhsef
tfgp uhri- fc dhcp lht pgnzmw tkmi kohst k
`smtsrkm `mkpf- ost zmkltp kl cvzc`tktghl gl tfc
ngld h fgp ksdgcl`c hr tfc pthrgcp tfkt ugmm
hmmhu, Fhnc Ugtfgl Fhnc.;(;;- ufg`f pfhup
tfc Fklhi lcptmcd glpgdc tfc K ncrg`kl fhspc- gp
hzcl th dgcrclt zhppgogmgtgcp, Tfc krtgpt fgnpcm
ugmm ukgt th pcc ufctfcr tfc Fklhi ugmm erhu gl
tfcrc hr oc kophrocd glth tfc Kncrg`kl fhspc,
HTFC_ PTH_GCP
Fgp `hl`czt h tfc igld h k fhnc ugtfgl k
fhnc gp rhsefmw tfc pknc kp tfc Osddfgpt
gdck h pknpkrk, Tfgp uhri nkdc h tfglkorg`- rhn hstpgdc h ufg`f whs kl pcc tfc
glpgdc kld qg`c qcrpk- rczrcpcltp cl`hsltcrp
octuccl gldgqgdskmp kld `smtsrc- octuccl
gldgqgdskmp kld tfc hpnhp- octuccl nc
kld htfcrp- kld octuccl tfgp uhrmd kld tfc
ktcrmgc, Fc dcmqcp glth tfc ohsldkrgcp ugtf
{scptghlp- ufg`f gl tsrl krc cnohdgcd gl tfrcc
dgnclpghlp, Tfc ncnocrp h fgp ksdgcl`c lhu
pcc fgp zrgqktc fhnc gl tfc nspcsn kld k``czt
tfc pzk`c gl tfcgr hul ukw,
Fc fkp ns`f th dh- kld tfgp wckr ldp fgn
ospgcr tfkl cqcr, Fc gp ehgle th fkqc k phmh
cvfgogtghl kt tfc Fgrhpfgnk Nspcsn h Krt
gl Bkzkl gl Ksespt kld klhtfcr hlc kt tfc
?;pt @cltsrw Nspcsn h @hltcnzhrkrw Krt-
Iklkkuk gl Bkzkl gl Lhqcnocr, Fc ugmm
zkrtg`gzktc gl tfc Euklebs Ogcllkmc ?:;? kld
uhri hl tfc Fknlwchlebchl zrhbc`t ugtf
tfc Lktghlkm Nspcsn h @hltcnzhrkrw Krt-
Dchipsesle- ohtf gl P cztcnocr, Dchipsesle
gp hlc h tfc zkmk`cp h tfc Bhpchl Dwlkptw
Dh Fh Psf gp ugdcmw hlpgdcrcd Ihrckpnhpt rczrcpcltktgqc hltcnzhrkrw krtgptktcr Lkn Bslc Zkgi &;70?.?::1' kld S.Akl Mcc
&;701.zrcpclt', Fc mckdp k lhnkdg` cvg ptcl`c-
mgqgle gl dgcrclt zkrtp h tfc uhrmd gl`msdgle
Pchsm- Lcu Whri- Zkrgp- kld Mhldhl, Hqcr k
dc`kdc keh- fc ptkrtcd uhrigle hl tfc t fcnc h
fhnc kld gp dsoocd kl krtgpt ufh `krrgcp fgpfhnc,
Kp k igd- fc mgqcd gl k trkdgtghlkm Ihrckl
fhspc `kmmcd Fklhi gl tfc lhrtfcrl Pchsm
lcgefohrfhhd h Pchleosi kld tfgp ncnhrw
trklpmktcd glth k uhri tfkt erkoocd gltcrlktghlkm
kttcltghl, Tfrhsef dct lccdmcuhri ugtf
dcmg`ktc bkdc.thlcd @fglcpc pgmi tfrckd kld
pht pfccr korg`- fc rc`rcktcd tfc Fklhi gl
Pchleosi.dhle ufcrc fc pzclt fgp fgmdfhhd
kld kdhmcp`cl`c,
Dh Fh Psf gp ok`i gl Pchsm tfgp pzrgle
th fhmd fgp rpt phmh cvfgogtghl gl Ihrck gl
kmnhpt k dc`kdc, CltgtmcdFhnc ugtfgl Fhnc-
tfgp cvfgogtghl kt Mccsn- Pknpsle Nspcsn
h Krt rhn Nkr`f ?? th Bslc 0 pfhu`kpcpfgp gltcrzrctktghlp h fhncp kld pzk`cp
tfrhsef hqcr 4: uhrip gl`msdgle p`smztsrcp-
glptkmmktghlp- qgdch `mgzp- kld drkuglep,
Tfc krtgpt pkwp tfkt fc dhcp lht `hnnslg`ktc
k erkld ncppkec- ost tfkt fg p uhrip krc rcpsmtp
h fgp rcac`tghl hl fgp mgc, Fc `hlpgdcrp kl krt
nspcsn th oc k oge fhnc, Ahr tfg p cvfgogtghl-
fc zmk`cd fgp `rcktcd fhnc gl tfgp oge fhnc-
kld fcl`c tfc lknc h tfc cvfgogtghl-Fhnc
ugtfgl Fhnc, Fc cvzc`tp fgp ksdgcl`c ugmm kmph
rckd mgqgle rcmktghlpfgzp ocgle hrncd octuccl
fgp uhrip h krt kld tfc nspcsn,
UFW FHNCP8Dh Fh Psf rhppcd t fc Zk`g` hqcr ?: wckrp
keh th ptsdw gl tfc SP- ufcrc fc cmt fgnpcm k
ptrklecr gl k hrcgel `smtsrc- pzk`cp- mkleskec-
kld zchzmc, Fc ptkrtcd mhhigle krhsld kld
nckpsrgle tfc pzk`cp krhsld fgn spgle k rsmcr,
Th octtcr kdkzt th tfc lcu clqgrhlnclt- fc
trkglcd fgnpcm gl nckpsrgle kld ktfhngle
tfglep lht ow tfc `cltgnctcr- ufg`f gp spcd gl
Ihrck- ost ow tfc gl`f, Kngd tfc `fkmmclec- fc
erkdskmmw nklkecd th pcttmc gl tfc sl kngmgkrgtw,
Mktcr- fc ocekl th mgqc gl dgcrclt zkrtp h tfc
uhrmd kld cvzcrgcl`cd dgcrclt fhncp,
Fc cvzrcppcp tfc Fklhi gl Pchsm- tfc
kzkrtnclt gl Lcu Whri- kld tfc fhspc gl
Ocrmgl tfkt fc fkp mgqcd gl ugtf cktfcr.mgeft-pht- trklpms`clt korg`, Tfc trklpms`clt-
hmdkomc nktcrgkm fc `fhhpcp th spc pgelgcp tfc
acvgogmgtw kld nhdc h `hnnslg`ktghl h tfc
pzk`c kmmcd fhnc,
G lccdcd zhrtkomc nktcrgkmp, pkwp tfc krtgpt,
G dhlt tfgli nw fkldp `rcktc k pzk`c- ost
?
0
gl dhulthul Pchsm- kld Fknlwchlebchl gp
k osgmdgle ufcrc Cnzcrhr Ehbhle mgqcd hr
k zcrghd h tgnc, Fc fkp kmnhpt hnzmctcd
`hlptrs`tghl h k uhhdcl fhspc kld ekrdcl
hl tfc rhhthz h k pcqcl.pthrw osgmdgle hl tfc
`knzsp h Pkl Dgceh Ptktc Slgqcrpgtw &PDPS',
Dh Fh Psf ugmm mgqc kld uhri gl nklw zkrtp h
tfc uhrmd kld lccdmc sz nhrc fhncp th pfhu sp,
-
8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
10/26ihrck nkw ?:;?;1
Dkcbgl Ign gp nklw tfglepzrhcpphr- nspg` dgrc`thr hhr`fcptrk- hlds`thr- hl`crt h
ncnocr hr kl gltcrlktghlkm zgk
kld k ospglcppnkl ufh rslp k
mkocm, Fc fkp k zrcpcl`c gl lckr
h nspg`- kld fc fkp fgp hul cv
nklw tgtmcp2 Tfcrc krc tfglep G
ost nklw h tfcpc tgtmcp krc ncrh nw chrt th nkic nwpcm kqk
`kmm hr `fklec gl tfc uhrmd h `
dhlt krc qcrw ns`f kohst tfc
kohst gp nkigle mkppg`km nspg`
th tfc zsomg`,
Fgp kdqcltsrcp gl`msdc hl`c
`hnncltkrgcp hr tfc ksdgcl`cp
oc`hngle tfc nspg` dgrc`thr h
Psuhl Zfgmfkrnhlg` Hr`fcptrk
Isnfh @fknocr Nspg` Ph`gctw
cv`cztghlkm nspg` tck`fcr- ufg`
kp fgp zrgnkrw `kmmgle, Nklw h
fkqc nkdc orgmmgklt kzzckrkl`c
gltcrlktghlkm hnzctgtghlp gl`ms
Phl kld Pchlebgl @fh- ufh uh
zrgc kld orhlc ncdkm kt tfc T
@hnzctgtghl mkpt Bslc- rcpzc`tgq
Psluhhi Ign- ufh fkp uhl n
gltcrlktghlkm `hnzctgtghlp,
@mkppg`km Ucptcrl nspg` kn
hqcr k `cltsrw keh- kld tfc uhr
Orglegle @mkppg`km@mhpcr th tfc
ZgklgPt DkcbglZgklgpt Dkcbgl Ign gp hlc h tfc nhpt gl scltgkm nspg`gklp g
h Ihrck, Fc gp ohtf k rclhulcd nspg`gkl kld cv`cztghlfkp zrhds`cd nklw ptsdcltp ufh fkqc uhl zrgcp gl nkbh
`hnzctgtghlp, Fc pkwp fc oc`knc k nspg`gkl ow mgqgle gnncow Mcc Pchl.ngl ( zfhtherk
ZCHZMC
LCuPOKLI GNKEC
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
11/26
ihrck nkw ?:;?;6
gl`rckpgle gltcrcpt gl tfc hstptkldgle Phstf
Ihrckl nspg`gklp ufh mktcmw fkqc cncrecd, G
Phstf Ihrck hltglscp hl gtp zrcpclt trkbc`thrw-
gt ugmm cqcltskmmw oc`hnc hlc h tfc nhpt
zrcptgeghsp `hsltrgcp gl tfc uhrmd h `mkppg`km
nspg ,
Ign pkwp tfkt nhrc zchzmc fkqc oc`hnc
cltfspgkptp h `mkppg`km nspg` gl Phstf Ihrck
kld Bkzkl tfkl gl Csrhzc- ufcrc tfc nspg` fkp
gtp hrgeglp- kld eskrdcdmw zrcdg`tp tfkt Kpgk
ugmm phhl oc`hnc tfc `cltcr h `mkppg`km nspg`,
TCK@FGLE GP NW @KMMGLE
Ufkt nkdc fgn oc`hnc k zgklgpt8 Fc ugpfcp
fc hsmd pkw- G ukp ph kp`glktcd ow k nkcptrhp
zcrhrnkl`c kp th drckn h oc`hngle k
zgklgpt- ost fc pngmcp kld `hl`cdcp tfkt ukp
lht tfc `kpc,
Nw ktfcr ukltcd th ptsdw tfc qghmgl gl
`hmmcec- ost `gr`snptkl`cp dgd lht kmmhu gt,
Glptckd- fc mgptclcd th nspg` k mht, Tfcrc ucrc ph
nklw MZ rc`hrdp kmosnp gl hsr fhnc tfkt cqcl
orhkd`kptgle `hnzklgcp uhsmd h``kpghlkmmw
kpi th ohrrhu phnc h tfcn, Mgptclg le th nspg`
ukp mgic orcktfgle kgr, Tfklip th nw dcqhst
@frgptgkl erkldnhtfcr- kp k igd G mckrlcd fhuth zmkw fwnlp hl tfc zgklh, Ktcr wckrp h
mgqgle mgic tfgp- G hlc dkw hsld nwpcm `kmmcd k
zgklgpt,
Fc ckrlcd fgp ok`fcmhrp- nkptcrp- kld
dh`thrp dcerccp kmm rhn Bsmmgkrd, Fc hsmd fkqc
mgqcd kp k nspg`gkl gl tfc Slgtcd Ptktcp- ost
glptckd `knc ok`i th Phstf Ihrck,
Gt gp lktsrkm hr kl krtgpt th dcpgrc th mgqc
korhkd hr fgp hr fcr k rtgptg` cldckqhrp- ost
ufcl G hlpgdcrcd nw rkgphl dtrc kp k
nspg`gkl- gt ukplt qcrw dg`smt hr nc th;
dc`gdc ufkt th dh- rc`kmmp tfc zgklg pt, G dhlt
tfgli ocgle kl krtgpt kld ocgle k tck`fcr krc
lc`cppkrgmw nstskmmw cv`mspgqc, Gtfki Zcrmnkl
kld Iwsle Fuk @fsle krc kmm hstptkldgle
qghmglgptp kld zrhcpphrp, G oc`knc k zrhcpphr
kt tfc Ihrck Lktghlkm Slgqcrpgtw h Krtp oc` kspc
G ocmgcqcd tck`fgle ptsdcltp gp k okpg` homgektghl
h k nspg`gkl,
Ign kmukwp cldckqhrp th gnzrhqc ohtf fgp
zmkwgle kld tck`fgle, K nckpsrc h ucmm.zmkwcd
nspg` gp nhrc nhqgle tfkl k zfrkpc h ucmm.pkgd uhrdp, Ahr tfgp rckphl- fc trgcp th lsrtsrc
fgp ptsdcltp octtcr ow zmkwgle gl nhrc `hl`crtp,
ZGHLCC_ O_GLEGLE @MKPPG@KM NSPG@
TH TFC ZSOMG@
Ign zcrhrnp gl 1: th 5: hl`crtp cqcrw wckr, Fc
mkncltp tfkt tfcrc krc lht clhsef zrhcppghlkm
zcrhrncrp gl Phstf Ihrck kld ptrhlemw
cl`hsrkecp tfc zsomg` th eh th nhrc hl`crtp,
Gt gp kmm qcrw ucmm kld ehhd hr krtgptp th nkic
tfcgr lkncp ilhul tfrhsef `hnzctgtghlp- ost
tfcrc nspt kmph oc ptkecp hl ufg`f tfcw `kl
zmkw hr tfc zsomg`,
Gl Phstf Ihrck- cu nspg`gklp `kl nkic
k mgqgle hlmw ow zcrhrngle, G pcc nklwkrtgptp gl tfcgr 4:p ufh fkqc erckt zhtcltgkm kp
zrhcppghlkm zcrhrncrp- ost tfc gr`snptkl`cp
krc lht wct kqhrkomc hr tfcn- Ign rscsmmw
ptktcp, Ufcl tfcrc krc nhrc hl`crtp- tfcrc
ugmm oc nhrc gltcrcpt- kld kp k rcpsmt- lktsrkmmw
nhrc zrhcppghlkm zcrhrncrp ugmm erhu, Uc krc
gl k trklpgtghlkm zcrghd- kld tfkt gp hlc h tfc
rckphlp G h`sp hl tck`fgle,
Fgp chrtp fkqc orhseft nklw `fklecp th tfc
uhrmd h mkppg`km nspg` gl Phstf Ihrck, Ufcl
gt oc`knc mckr tfkt tfcrc nspt oc nhrc k`tgqc
Gt gp lktsrkm hr kl krtgpt
th dcpgrc th mgqc korhkd hr fgp
hr fcr krtgptg` cldckqhrp- ost
ufcl G `hlpgdcrcd nw rkgphl
dtrc kp k nspg`gkl- gt ukplt
qcrw dga`smt hr nc th dc`gdc
ufkt th dh,
; Kp kzgklgptlsrtsrcow zmkw
?- 0 DkOcctfh; kld zgklh p
`hnnslgtw glqhmqcnclt- fc oc`knc tfc nspg`
dgrc`thr h tfc Psuhl Zfgmfkrnhlg` Hr`fcptrk9
gl rcpzhlpc th dcnkld hr nhrc fk nocr
`hl`crtp- fc fcmd hl`crtp ugtf tfc Isnfh
@fknocr Nspg` Ph`gctw9 kld ufcl t fcrc ukp k
lccd hr gl.dcztf `hnncltkrw hl pwnzfhlgcp
kld phlktkp hr tfc eclcrkm zsomg`- fc oc`knc
k k`gmgtkthr h `hl`crtp ptkecd kmhle ugtf
`hnncltkrgcp,
G ugmm kmukwp klpucr tfc `kmm th zrhnhtc
`mkppg`km nspg` gl klw ukw G kl, Thdkw-
nspg`gklp erhu thectfcr ugtf tfcgr ksdgcl`cp-
kld tfgp rc{sgrcp `fklec- cnzfkpgcp tfcnkcptrh zgklgpt, K zgc`c h nspg` tfkt hncp
dccz glth whsr ngld lcqcr mckqcp whs, G kn tfc
dcmgqcrcr h ps`f nspg`- ph Gn qcrw fhlhrcd th
fkqc tfgp qh`ktghl,
@mkppg`km Ucptcrl nspg` gp emhokmmw hl tfc
uklc- ost fc pccp Phstf Ihrck krgle rcmktgqcmw
ucmm gl tfgp rckmn h krt, Fc gp `hldclt tfkt
hrcgel ptsdcltp ugmm phhl ocegl th `hnc th
Phstf Ihrck th ptsdw mkppg`km nspg`, Gl erckt
kltg`gzktghl h tfkt dkw- fc zcrhrnp kld tck`fcp
ugtf fgp ufhmc fckrt thdkw,
? 0
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
12/26
ihrck nkw ?:;??:
E_CKT IH_CKL
Tfc Igle Ufh Mcd tfc _clkgppkl`c ha Bhpchl
Igle bchlebhAhr 3;6 wckrp- ?5 iglep rs mcd hqcr tfc Bhpchl Dwlkptw, Igle Bchlebh gp `hlpgdcrcd tfc
pc`hld ercktcpt h tfcn kmm- ktcr Pcbhle tfc Erckt, Gl tfc rckmn h zhmgtg`p kld ptktc kkgrp-Igle Bchlebh rck`fcd k`rhpp tfc kgpmc th dgcrclt zhmgtg`km k`tghlp kld ph`gkm mkppcp
ufcl kzzhgltgle ha`gkmp- kld ohmptcrcd tfc kstfhrgtw h tfc tfrhlc, ow Mcc Psl.ngl
Igle Bchlebhp kdknklt kdqh`k`w h
Tklezwchle`fkci gp cpzc`gkmmw ncklglesm gl
mgeft h tfc k`tp psrrhsldgle fgp ktfcrp dcktf,
Igle Wchlebhp hrdcr h fgp phlp trkeg` dcktf
gl k rg`c `fcpt `kspcd k p`fgpn gl Lhrhl, Tfhpc
ncnocrp h Lhrhl ufh k``cztcd gt oc`knc
ilhul kp Owchizk kld tfhpc ufh hzzhpcd kp
Pgzk, Owchizk dhnglktcd tfc ehqcrlnclt ufcl
Igle Bchlebh k``cdcd th tfc tfrhlc- ost Igle
Bchlebh cvcr`gpcd erckt hrockrkl`c kld thhi lh
rctrgostghl kekglpt tfcn,Kp k zrhmg` urgtcr kld kqgd ptsdclt- Igle
Bchlebh dctcrnglcd tfkt kl k`kdcng` kzzrhk`f
ukp lc`cppkrw th kddrcpp zhmgtg`km- c`hlhng`-
ph`gkm- kld htfcr zrk`tg`km gppscp kld tfkt tfc
dcpzhtgpn h tfc iglep nktcrlkm rcmktgqcp
kld csls`fp pfhsmd oc pszzrcppcd, Ahr tfcpc
rckphlp- fc hsldcd Ewsbkleeki- k rhwkm
mgorkrw- kld zsrpscd k`kdcng` zhmgtg`p- ufg`f
cnzfkpgcd hlcp kzkogmgtgcp rktfcr tfkl
ok`ierhsld, Ewsbkleeki ukp lht pgnzmw kl
kr`fgqc h tfc iglep urgtglep kld `kmmgerkzfg`
uhrip9 gt ukp k lktghlkm kecl`w tfkt kppgptcd gl
tfc cvc`stghl h ptktc kkgrp ow `hmmc`tgle ohhip
rhn k`rhpp tfc hsltrw- zsomgpfgle lcu ohhip-
kld zrcpcrqgle tfcn,Fc kmph cnzfkpgcd tfc gnzhrtkl`c h
mckrlgle @fglcpc kld htfcr hrcgel mkleskecp
th fgp psobc`tp ph tfkt tfcw `hsmd dcqcmhz kld
nkgltkgl gltcrlktghlk m zcrpzc`tgqcp, Fc cqcl
cptkomgpfcd k hrcgel mkleskec cds`ktghl kld
tcptgle pwptcn,
CLQGPGHLGLE K MGQKOMC UH_MD AH_
CQC_WHLC
Tfc iglep rchrngpt gl`mglktghlp `smnglktcd gl
tfc hlptrs`tghl h tfc gnzrcppgqc Fukpchle
Ahrtrcpp &;574.;5719 k SLCP@H Uhrmd Fcrgtkec
pgtc', Tfc hrtrcpp- k ukmm psrrhsldgle tfc `gtw
h Psuhl lckr Pchsm- ukp osgmt th fhlhr @rhul
Zrgl`c Bklefchl &k,i,k, @rhul Zrgl`c Pkdh' hltfc h``kpghl h tfc rcmh`ktghl h fgp erkqc,
Igle Bchlebh kmph gltcldcd th osgmd k lcu
`gtw ufcrc fc uhsmd slhmd fgp rchrngpt
drcknp, Fc gltrhds`cd tfc nhpt kdqkl`cd
`hlptrs`tghl tc`flhmhegcp kqkgmkomc th osgmd tfc
ukmm- kld fc zmkllcd th nkic tfc `gtw h Psuhl
pcm.ps`gclt, Fc osgmt k ptktc.hulcd zmkltktghl-
cv`kqktcd k rcpcrqhgr hr grrgektghl- kld tcptcd
lcu kld kdqkl`cd krngle tc`flg{scp kld
krn nklkecnclt nctfhdp, Tfc clk`tnclt gl
;57; h tfc Thleehle zhmg`w- ufg`f kmmhucd rcc
`hnncr`c gl hnnhl ehhdp- pcrqcd th kttrk`t
ncr`fkltp th tfc lcu `gtw h Psuhl, Fgp drckn
h osgmdgle k rchrngpt `gtw pccncd mgicmw th
`hnc th rsgtghl,
Kmkp- tfc zmkl ukp lcqcr hnzmctcd kp k
rcpsmt h fgp psddcl kld pspzg`ghsp dcktf kt
tfc rcmktgqcmw whsle kec h 46, Kmm tfc tkmcltcd
zchzmc ufhn Igle Bchlebh fkd dgp`hqcrcd
kld pszzhrtcd gl`msdgle Bchle Wki.whle- tfc
kr`fgtc`t h t fc gllhqktgqc Fukpchle Ahrtrcpp-
ucrc hsptcd- kld fgp drckn h rchrn k nc
`hnzmctcmw th lkseft,
Thdkw- tfc _srkm Dcqcmhznclt
Kdnglgptrktghl gp fckd{skrtcrcd gl Psuhl-
ufcrc Igle Bchlebh kttcnztcd th rchrn
tfc Bhpchl Dwlkptw kld cvzcrgncltcd ugtf
lcu krngle tc`flg{scp, Tfc zrcpcl`c h tfc
kdnglgptrktghl fkp nkdc tfc `gtw k lktghlkm
`cltcr h _!D gl krngle tc`flhmhew- kld
Psuhl gp ugdcmw `kmmcd k `gtw h mgkm zgctw gl
`hnncnhrktghl h Igle Bchlebhp mhqc hr fgp
zkrcltp,
Dcpzgtc tfc `fkmmclecp gl fgp mgc- tfc igle
ukp dctcrnglcd th rchrn ph`gctw, Fgp fckrt ukp
smm h mhqc hr kmm fgp zchzmc2 fc mhlecd th `rcktc
k mgqkomc uhrmd hr ck`f kld cqcrw hlc h tfcn,
Kmtfhsef Igle Bchlebh fkp zkppcd kukw- fgp
mcek`w ptgmm rcphlktcp gl tfc fckrtp h Ihrcklp,
I gle Bchlebh &r, ;551.;6::'- tfc ??ld
nhlkr`f h tfc Bhpchl Dwlkptw &;07?.
;7;:'- gp rclhulcd kp k pkec igle ufh mcd tfc
rclkgppkl`c h tfc dwlkptw tfrhsef gllhqktghl
kld zhmgtg`p h clekecnclt, Fc ukp tfc
erkldphl h Igle Wchlebh &r, ;5?4.;551' kld tfc
phl h @rhul Zrgl`c Bklefchl &k,i,k, @rhul
Zrgl`c Pkdh' kld Mkdw Fwcewchle &[sccl
Fchlewchle- zhptfsnhspmw', Bchlebhp ckrmw mgc
ukp lht lc`cppkrgmw fkzzw oc`kspc fgp ktfcr
ukp zst th dcktf ow fgp hul erkldktfcr- Igle
Wchlebh,Fc fkp nklw orgmmgklt cktp th fgp `rcdgt
gl tfc zhmgtg`km- c`hlhng`- ph`gkm- kld htfcr
krckp, Cpzc`gkmmw lhtkomc gp fgp rn zsrpsgt
h Tklezwchle`fkci- ufg`f ukp fgp zhmg`w h
gnzkrtgkmgtw gl kzzhgltgle ehqcrlnclt h`gkmp,
Tfgp zhmg`w ukp lht fgp glqcltghl- ost tfc
orkgl`fgmd h fgp erkldktfcr,
Tfcrc ucrc tuh nkbhr zhmgtg`km k`tghlp2
Lhrhl &Hmd Dh`trglc' kld Phrhl &Whsle
Dh`trglc', Lhrhl dhnglktcd- ost ukp pzmgt
octuccl tuh dgptgl`t erhszp `kmmcd Pgzk kld
Owchizk, Ochrc Bchlebhp rcgel- gt fkd occl
tfc zrgqgmcec h tfc ncl h tfc lhogmgtw- `kmmcd
wkleokl- th oc`hnc ehqcrlnclt h`gkmp-
kld tfc phlp hwkleokl ufhpc nhtfcrp ucrc`hl`soglcp ucrc hrogddcl rhn oc`hngle
ehqcrlnclt h`gkmp, Fhucqcr- ufcl tfc zhmg`w
h Tklezwchle`fkci oc`knc rnmw cltrcl`fcd-
Igle Bchlebh kzzhgltcd kp h`gkmp zchzmc rhn
kmm zhmgtg`km k`tghlp kld ph`gkm `mkppcp, Fgp hlmw
`hl`crl ukp ufctfcr tfcw ucrc kzkomc,ZfhtherkzfpzrhqgdcdowMccEgm.ochn-
PSUHLFUKPCHLENSPCSN
kldihrckthsrgpnhreklgkgthl
; Zhrtr? Fkfgpthrg`zcrghdokpcd
?
;
-
8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
13/26
ihrck nkw ?:;???
pchsm
K Pzrgle Dkw gl
HMWNZG@ ZK_IHmwnzg` Zkri gl ckptcrl Pchsm gp k rcmkvgle ectkukw rhn tfc ospw ptrcctp h tfc `gtw, Kl krtnspcsn- k okrmcw cmd- kld ;-:: :.wckr.hmd uhhdcl cl`cp rhn tfc Okcibc I gledhn nkic
tfc ukmi k mgttmc nhrc pzc`gkm, ow @fsle Dk.whsle ( zfhtherkzfp ow Mcc Ngl.fcc
-
8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
14/26
ihrck nkw ?:;??4
p`smztsrcp hl tfc mkul lcvt th tfc nkgl
cltrkl`c, Tfgp krck gp tfc Pchsm Hmwnzg`
P`smztsrc Zkri, Nhpt h tfc p`smztsrcp krc
uhrip ow zrhnglclt Ihrckl kld hrcgel krtgptp
th hnncnhrktc tfc Pchsm Hmwnzg`p, Tfc
PHNK Nspcsn h Krt ukp hzclcd th nkic tfc
zkri k qclsc h cds`ktghl, Tfc nspcsn fhptp
nklw cvfgogtghlp hr whsle ptsdcltp kmhle ugtf
cds`ktghlkm zrherknp ps`f kp krt `mkppcp kld
pict`f thsrp glpgdc tfc zkri,
Hmwnzg` Zkri gp rckdw th ucm`hnc qgpgthrpugtf k mhle mgpt h pzrgle zcrhrnkl`cp kld
lcumw zmkltcd ugmd hucrp, K uccicld pzclt gl
Hmwnzg` Zkri gp psrc th orgle nhrc tfk l bspt k
rkw h pslpfglc,
wckrp- tfrcc ewnlkpgsnp- kl gldhhr pugnngle
zhhm- k tcllgp `hsrt- kld Hmwnzg` Fkmm ucrc
osgmt gl tfc ckptcrl pc`tghl h tfc zkri th fhmd
qkrghsp cqcltp, Tfcpc krc lhu zhzsmkr qclscp
hr pzhrtgle cqcltp kld hl`crtp t frhsefhst
tfc wckr, Zfwpg`km atlcpp c{sgznclt gp kqkgmkomc
tfrhsefhst tfc zkri hr klwhlc th spc ufgmc
ptrhmmgle hr bheegle,
Tfc zkri fkp aqc ukmiukwp kld bheegle
zktfp tfkt `st tfrhsef tfc pfrsoocrw- nkigle
k ukmi gl tfc zkri nhrc clbhwkomc, MkicpgdcMklc- Ahrtrcpp Mklc- Ncnhrw Mklc- Mhqcrp
Mklc- kld Whstf Mklc kmm gr`mc tfc zkrip p`clg`
kttrk`tghlp- kld ck`f fkp gtp hul sl g{sc fkrnp,
Hl k psllw dkw- hlc kl ckpgmw pcc tfc cmdcrmw
hr nhtfcrp ugtf ptrhmmcrp ukmigle hr cvcr`gpgle
hl tfc zktfp, Mhqcrp Mklc- ufg`f ugldp k mhle
Pchlelkc Ptrckn kld zkppcp tfrhsef k zglc
erhqc- gp zcrc`t hr hszmcp ufh uklt th clbhw
k mcgpsrcmw ptrhmm, Whstf Mklc gp rc`hnncldcd
hr kqgd bheecrp, Tfc zktf fkp kl slhoptrs`tcd
qgcu h tfc hstcr rgle h Hmwnzg` Zkri kld gp
k`tskmmw spcd kp zkrt h tfc rhstcp h nkrktfhlp
kld htfcr rsllgle cqcltp, Tfc cldmcpp ptrct`f h
erccl erkpp kld t fc erhqc nkic hlcp qgpgt cqcl
nhrc clbhwkomc,Cqcr pgl`c tfc zkri ukp osgmt- tfc dclpc
ercclcrw h Hmwnzg` Zkri fkp dcqcmhzcd hqcr
tfc mkpt 0: wckrp kld kp k rcpsmt fkp oc`hnc
k qcrgtkomc c`hmheg`km zkri h Pchsm, Okrmcw gp
`smtgqktcd hl tfc kt erccl mkld gl tfc ucptcrl
pc`tghl h tfc zkri, Tfc erhsldpicczcrp
erhu okrmcw kld htfcr erkglp kmm wckr rhsld-
kld qgpgthrp `kl tkic zkrt gl tfc fkrqcptgle
gl kstsnl, Tfc pzc`gkm zg`lg` krck gp hzcl th
cqcrwhlc hr rc`rcktghl kld zg`lg`igle- kld hl
uccicldp gt gp rc{scltcd nkglmw ow kngmgcp,
@SMTS_KM ZK_I
Hmwnzg` Zkri gp kmph rc{scltmw qgpgtcd ow
Pchsmgtcp hr gtp nklw `smtsrkm zcrhrnkl`cpkld krtgptg` kttrk`tghlp, Ufcl tfc ucktfcr gp
ukrn- Pchsmp gtgclp kld knktcsr nspg`gklp
zcrhrn gl tfc knzfgtfcktcr h tfc 66 Mkic
Uktcr Ptkec, Tfc mkic qgcu ocfgld tfc ptkec gp
tfc zcrc`t ok`idrhz hr nspg`km zcrhrnkl`cp
hl k psnncr lgeft, Qgpgthrp ugmm lhtg`c mkrec
Pchsm fhptcd tfc ?4
tf
Psnncr Hmwnzg` Ekncpgl ;766, Th k``hnnhdktc tfgp nhnclthsp
cqclt- tfc `gtw `hlptrs`tcd lsncrhsp k`gmgtgcp
kld nhlsncltp tfrhsefhst tfc `gtw kld gtp
qg`glgtw, Cqcl mhle ktcr tfc ekncp- tfc 66
Hmwnzg` Cvzrcppukw- Hmwnzg` Orgdec- Hmwnzg`
Ptkdgsn- kld htfcr ps`f ptrs`tsrcp rcnkgl
nkbhr mkldnkrip h Pchsm kld fkzzw rcngldcrp
h tfkt emhrghsp tgnc, Hmwnzg` Zkri gp km ph hlc
h tfhpc mkldnkrip, Tfc zkri gp ammcd ugtf
fgpthrg`km- krtgptg`- kld lktsrkm kttrk`tghlp tfkt
nkic gt k qcrgtkomc `smtsrkm dcptglktghl hr
Pchsmgtcp kld htfcrp,
FGPTH_G@ ZK_I
Mh`ktcd phstf h tfc Fklekle &tfc rgqcr tfkthup tfrhsef tfc `kzgtkm `gtw' gl ckptcrl Pchsm-
tfc zkri ptrct`fcp hqcr k qkpt krck h ;3:-::: n
&kzzrhv, ;,1 ngmmghl t?', @hlptrs`tghl hr tfc
zkri ocekl gl ;764 th `hnncnhrktc tfc ;766
Psnncr Hmwnzg`p kld ukp hnzmctcd gl ;761,
Tfc krck ukp hrgeglkmmw k fgpthrg` pgtc h kl
ckrtfcl hrtrcpp km mcd Nhle`fhl Thpchle- hrNhle`fhl Ckrtfcl Ahrtrcpp- h tfc Fklpchle
Okcibc Igledhn &;6 O@KD 453',
Kr`fchmheg`km cv`kqktghl ukp hlds`tcd
kt Nhle`fhl Thpchle ochrc hlptrs`tghl h
tfc zkri ocekl th zgc`c thectfcr gtp fgpthrw, Gt
ukp kl gnzhrtklt pgtc th mckrl kohst tfc arpt
`kzgtkm h tfc Fklpchle Okcibc Igledhn- kld
k pc`tghl h tfc uhhdcl cl`cp tfkt fkd mglcd
tfc ckrtfcl ukmmp ucrc rcpthrcd, Qgpgthrp th tfc
zkri `kl pcc tfcpc uhhdcl cl`cp kmhle tfc
ukmigle zktfp kld mckrl kohst tfc fgpthrw h
tfc Fklpchle Okcibc Igledhn, Tfc Fklpchle
Okcibc Nspcsn gp kmph g l Hmwnzg` Zkri,
E_CCL ZK_IHmwnzg` Zkri kttrk`tp nklw mh`kmp hr gtp pzhrtp
k`gmgtgcp kld `smtsrkm kttrk`tghlp- kp ucmm kp
gtp slg{sc fgpthrg`km ok`ierhsld, Gl ;764- tfc
zkri ukp dcpgelcd kp k qclsc hr gqg` pzhrtp-
`smtsrkm k`tgqgtgcp- kld mcgpsrc th fhlhr tfc
pzgrgt h tfc ;766 Pchsm Hmwnzg`p, Hqcr tfc
; Tfc Pchsm Hmwnzg`P`smztsrcp Zkri cktsrcpp`smztsrcp ow uhrmd.rclhulcd krtgptp gl`msdgleTfc Tfsno- k orhlcp`smztsrc ow Arcl`f p`smzthr@pkr Okmdg``glg,? Dgkmhesc gp k erklgtcp`smztsrc ow Kmecrgklp`smzthr Nhfkld Knkrk,0 K qkrgctw h zcrhrnkl`cpkrc zrcpcltcd hl tfc hstdhhrptkec gl Hmwnzg` Zkri,
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Tfc cptgqk gp gl gtp pgvtf wckr- kld `hltglscp
th hcr Pchsgtcp phzfgptg`ktcd nchdgcp ow
thz krtgptp rhn ohtf fcrc kld korhkd,
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kld tfc mkic Uktcr Ptkec gl Hwnzg` Zkri
rhn Nkw ;7 th ?:, Tfgp wckr tfc uhrd
knhsp pszcr okld Ckrtf- Ugld ! Agrc-
esgtkr cecld Echrec Oclphl- K Dg Nchk- tfc igle h _!O phs Crg`Orgkl Okdc kld tfc Achupfgz Okld- tfc Erknnw Ocpt Lcu Krtgpt
kld tfc zhzskr Bkzklcpc okld Phlhdk Okld ug zcrhrn tfrhsef
cptgqk,
Tg`ict Glahrnktghl
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Ahr nhrc glahrnktghl- qgpgt uuu,zrgqktc`srqc,`hn hr `kmm &:?' 310.:
PcHsM BKrr AcPtGqKM ?:;?
?
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
15/26
ihrck nkw ?:;??1
?
TFC WCHbS @C_KnG@P
ACPTGqKM
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Acptgqkm tkicp zmk`c krhsld
Pgmmcsipk- k tcnzmc ugtf k
fgpthrw h hqcr ;-::: wckrp
gl Wchbs, Tfc cptgqkm rslp
hr ?0 dkwp- rhn Kzrgm ?; th
Nkw ;0, Fcrc- trkdgtghl ncctp
nhdcrlgtw ugtf dgpzmkwp
h lcu zrhds`tp tfkt orgleockstw glth hsr mgqcp- kld
lsnocr h fkldp.hl k`tgqgtgcp,
Cvfgogtghlp krc klhtfcr
nkbhr drku- gl`msdgle
tfc Wchbs Lknfklekle
@crkng`p Cvfgogtghl mcd ow
whsle zhttcrp gl Wchbs- tfc
Bsdh &Drgligle Ctg{scttc'
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qcppcmp kld htfcr mg{shr
qcppcmp krc dgpzmkwcd kld
phmd- kld k rcmkw h pzc`gkm cvfgogtghlp tfkt
cktsrc tfc uhrip h ;:: zhttcrp rhn k`rhpp
tfc hsltrw ufh zrhds`c zhttcrw hr cqcrwdkw
zsrzhpcp, Tfcpc cvfgogtghlp krc cpzc`gkmmw ehhdhzzhrtslgtgcp hr qgpgthrp th rcmgpf tfc krtuhri
h Hleegbkle &k nkptcr zhttcr h hlg- k twzc
h trkdgtghlkm Ihrckl ckrt fclukrc zhttcrw,'-
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trkdgtghlkm Ihrckl zhr`cmkgl,'- kld nkptcr
zhttcrp rhn Wchbs,
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kld zrk`tg`km crkng`p zrhds`cd gl Wchbs krc
phmd kt dccz dgp`hsltp, Qgpgthrp kl kmph `krqc
hst slhrecttkomc ncnhrgcp
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acptgqkm
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occl k fhnc th nkptcrp ufh kdd krtgptrw th
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Gt zrhds`cp hqcr 4: zcr`clt h tfc crkng`
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; Nkiugtf kr?- 0 K k zkrtg`hrcgel
gl Wchbrcpzc`4 Nki`fgmdrc`fgmdfh3 Uhr`kl oc@crkn
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rcmkvktghl kld gp bhglcd ow nhrc tfkl ;3:
zhttcrw ptsdghp, Whs `kl pzcld k smm dkw kp
k zhttcr- rcktc whsr hul krtuhri- kld cqcl
ptkec k zcrhrnkl`c spgle whsr gnkeglktghl glufg`f whs cvzrcpp ugtf ecptsrcp tfc ptrseemc
h zcrpcqcrkl`c tfkt arcuhhd kld crkng`p eh
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rc`hnncldcd ow dcpgelcrp- kld kl cvfgogtghl h
zgc`cp tfkt fkqc occl zhzsmkr knhle hmmc`thrp
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`crkng`p- pgnzmw orhupgle tfcpc cvfgogtp gp kl
sl`hnnhl bhw kld kl hzzhrtslgtw th dgp`hqcr
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G whs uklt th rcmgpf tfc ockstgsm p`clcrwh tfc `gtw kp ucmm kp gtp `smtsrc- dhlt ngpp tfc
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h G`fchl, Gl Zhttcrp Tck`fgle Nc- whs ugmm mckrl
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hrn h egt `crtga`ktcp tfkt whs `kl spc dsrgle
tfc cptgqkm,
0
3
4
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
16/26
ihrck nkw ?:;??6
LhU gL Ih_ck
cKPtc_ Gl IH_cKugtf Zrkwcr- @fkrgtw- kld Ckptcr Ceep
Ckptcr Psldkw gl Phstf Ihrck nkw oc `cmcorktcd hlmw ow @frgptgklp th emhrgw tfcrcpsrrc`tghl h Bcpsp @frgpt- ost tfc ncppkec gp pfkrcd ugtf tfc `hnnslgtw tfrhsef
`fkrgtw kld Ckptcr ceep, ow @fsle Dk.whsle ( zfhtherkzfp ow Ikle Ngl.es
Ow tfc cld h Nkr`f- ugltcrp g`w ergzhqcr tfc `hsltrw ukp alkmmw orhicl hrehhd- kld tfc ukrn pzrgle orccc h Kzrgm
ukp cpzc`gkmmw ucm`hnc, @hszmcp kld kngmgcp
clbhwcd tfc fcrrw omhpphnp tfkt hqcrcd tfc
fgmmp kld mglcd tfc rgqcrp- kld tfc krncrp eht
ospw phugle tfc acmdp, Zhmgtg`gklp eckrcd sz
hr tfc ;7tf eclcrkm cmc`tghlp tfkt ucrc fcmd
hl Kzrgm ;;- ost hr tfc lktghlp @frgptgklp kld
@ktfhmg`p- Kzrgm ukp ncklglesm kp Ckptcr
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Hl Kzrgm 6- tfc `fsr`fcp h Phstf Ihrck
`cmcorktcd Ckptcr kmhle ugtf tfc uhrmdp
@frgptgkl `hnnslgtw th emhrgw tfc rcpsrrc`tghlh Bcpsp @frgpt hl tfc tfgrd dkw ktcr fgp
`rs`gavghl, Ckptcr gp k lktghlkm fhmgdkw gl nklw
Ucptcrl `hsltrgcp tfkt fkqc mkrec @frgptgkl
zhzsmktghlp- kld tfc dkw gp `cmcorktcd thectfcr
ugtf lhl.@frgptgklp, Gl tfc Slgtcd Ptktcp-
Lcu Whri @gtw fhmdp kl kllskm Ckptcr zkrkdc
hl Ckptcr Psldkw- kld tfc kllskm Ckptcr Cee
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krc zsomg` fhmgdkwp,
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kld cqcrw `gtgcl fkp tfc rccdhn h rcmgeghl,
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rcmgeghsp, H tfkt 30 zcr`clt- pmgeftmw nhrc
tfkl fkm ocmgcqcp gl @frgptgklgtw- oc tfkt
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mkrecpt rcmgeghl gp Osddfgpn- ufg`f `mkgnp 40
zcr`clt h tfc rcmgeghsp kdfcrcltp,
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kld htfcr zsomg` zmk`cp- Ckptcr gl Phstf Ihrck
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fhmgdkw ktcr @frgptnkp, Gt gp fgpthrg`kmmw tfc
pzrgletgnc `cmcorktghl h tfc rcpsrrc`tghl h
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tfc @frgptgkl kgtf, Tfc Kr`fogpfhz h Pchsm-
@krdglkm Lg`fhmkp @fchle Bgl.psi- pzhic h
tfc gnzhrtkl`c h mhqc kld erktgtsdc tfrhsef k
pzc`gkm Ckptcr kllhsl`cnclt, Tfc tkpi hr hsr
ph`gctw thdkw gp `hcvgptcl`c kld `hnnslg`ktghl
knhle mgc, Uc nspt mhqc tfhpc gl hsr ph`gctwufh fkqc dgcrclt ocmgcp kld spthnp, G uc
trw th sldcrptkld htfcrp ugtf `hnzkppghl kld
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dga`smt,
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kld ncppkec h @frgpt ugtf tfc `hnnslgtw
tfrhsef qkrghsp `fkrgtw cqcltp, Pkrkle @fsr`f
gl tfc Eklelkn krck h Pchsm pclt zkrt h tfc
hcrglep rhn tfc Ckptcr Psldkw pcrqg`c th
Lhrtf Ihrck th oclcat hrzfklp, Tfc `fsr`f kmph
fcmd `hl`crtp kld phmd Ckptcr cee okpictp gl tfc
`fsr`f `hsrtwkrd, Pslpk @fsr`f gl tfc zrhqgl`c
h Ewchleeg.dh hreklgcd k ucddgle crcnhlw
hr pcqcl hszmcp ufh hsmdlt khrd hlc, T fc
`hszmcp- ufh gl`msdcd hrcgel uhricrp kld
gnngerkltp- ucrc egqcl k ucddgle crcnhlw
ugtf tfc fcmz h tfc `hlercektghl,
Nkbhr dczkrtnclt kld `kldw pthrcp kttrk`tcd
`spthncrp ugtf pzc`gkm Ckptcr cee dc`hrktghlp
kld `fh`hmktcp, @fktcks @fh`hmkt- k `fh`hmktc
`fkgl tfkt pzc`gkmgcp gl fkldnkdc `fh`hmktcp-
nkdc `fh`hmktcp gl tfc pfkzcp h Ckptcr ceep
kld osllgcp hr tfc h``kpghl, Ck`f wckr- uc
nkic Ckptcr cee `fh`hmktcp ugtf dgcrclt
dc`hrktghlp- pkwp Ign Gl.iws- tfc nklkecr
h tfc pthrc gl Glpkdhle, Tfc cee.pfkzcd
`fh`hmktcp krc zhzsmkr knhle `spthncrp
oc`kspc uc hcr tfcn hlmw kt tf gp tgnc h
wckr,
Phstf Ihrck nkw fkqc mgttmc h tfc Ckptcr
cptgqgtw h tfc igld pccl gl Ucptcrl `hsltrgcp-
ost tfc ncppkec h tfc rcmgeghsp `cmcorktghl gp
trsc th fckrt,
; @hmhzkrt h
? K nhurgtc kktcr tf0 Tfc Pkrkle
4 K fk okpi
?
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
17/26
ihrck nkw ?:;?0:
cLtc_tkgLNcLt
Trkdgtghlkm Ihrckl nspg` dcqcmhzcd hqcrk zcrghd h ?::: wckrp- ost gt fkp okrcmwnklkecd th psrqgqc hqcr tfc zkpt cltsrw hr
ph kp k rcpsmt h `fklegle tkptcp h tfc zsomg`
kld htfcr ps`f dcqcmhzncltp hqcr tgnc, Gt fkp
occl iczt kmgqc ow zchzmc rhn kmm ukmip hmgc- kld gp zrcpcltmw sldcrehgle k pgelga`klt
trklphrnktghl,
Hlc h t fc nhpt lhtkomc rc`clt dcqcmhzncltp
fkp occl spghl hr rhpphqcr ugtf htfcr eclrcp
h krtp, eski nspg`gklp krc dgp`hqcrgle lcu
ukwp h `hnnslg`ktgle ugtf tfcgr ksdgcl`cp,
trkdgtghlkm drsn `kmmcd tfc osi- tfcchnslh &k
gtfcr ugtf pgv pgmi ptrglep'- kld tfc tkczwchlph
&k uhhdugld',
Knhle tfc nklw `rhpphqcr zcrhrnkl`cp-
zcr`sppghl hlcp krc tfc nhpt zhzsmkr,
Zcr`sppghl glptrsncltp nkic whsr fckrt ockt9
k mso DB kddp th t fc cv`gtcnclt9 kld tccl zhz
dkl`crp hnc hl tfc ptkec, Whsle ksdgcl`cp
oc`hnc tfhrhsefmw clrkztsrcd, Tfc hrnktp
h ucptcrl hr`fcptrk nspg` kld nspg`kmp drku
tfcski `mhpcr th ksdgcl`cp tfkt krc lhu nhrckngmgkr ugtf ucptcrl `smtsrc,
K `kpc gl zhglt gp tfc zcrhrnkl`c Tk- ect-
ptkecd kt tfc Lktghlkm Tfcktcr h Ihrck gl
H`thocr ?:;;, &Tfc tgtmc Tk- ect gp lht k twzh h
tfc Clemgpf uhrd tkrect kp hlc nkw pszzhpc9
tk ncklp ockt gl Ihrckl,' Gt ukp kl hnlgosp
h spghl zcr`sppghl zcrhrnkl`cp ow nspg`gklp
h tfc Lktghlkm Hr`fcptrk h Ihrck kld cktsrcd
tfc dkl`gle h Zhzzgl Fwsl Bhhl kld fgp rcu-
hlc h Ihrckp fhttcpt dkl`crp- kp ucmm kp tfc
DBgle h DB Lccdmc- hlc h tfc ocpt fgz.fhz DBp
gl Ihrck, Th ncrcmw pkw tfkt tfc zcrhrnkl`c
ukp dwlkng`- tfrgmmgle- rfwtfng`km- kld
`fkrgpnktg` nkw oc k l sldcrptktcnclt, Gt
tfrcu tfc nhptmw whsle ksdgcl`c glth rks`hspcv`gtcnclt tfkt hsmd ckpgmw hnzkrc ugtf tfkt
h k mso zkrtw,
Klhtfcr cvknzmc gp tfc mgeft ski nspg`km
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k`thr Phle Pcsle.fchl pcrqcp kp fhlhrkrw
knokppkdhr, Akltk.Ptg`i ptkrtcd mkpt nhltf
kld fkp ekrlcrcd rkqc rcqgcup, Tfc rfwtfn
gp tkicl rhnski- kld nklw dgcrcltski
glptrsncltp gl`msdgle tfc osi - tfc bkls &kl
fhsremkpp.pfkzcd dhsomc.fckdcd drsn'- kld
tfc fkccsn &k ptrgle glptrsnclt' krc cktsrcd,
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ugtf k mhle rgoohl kld dkl`c kld tugrm tfc
rgoohlp, Tfcgr zcrhrnkl`c gp qcrw k`rhoktg`2 gt
rc{sgrcp kmm h tfcgr pfkrzmw fhlcd pklnh dhmmggkld lckrmw krt.ufccmgle bkokl dugbgzg pigmmp,
Nhrc kld nhrc qkrgktghlp hl trkdgtghlkm
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zrhnztgle tfc hnzhpgtghl h lsncrhsp
ski zgc`cp, Tfgp- gl tsrl- gp rkgpgle dcnkld
hr lcu kld rcdcpgelcd glptrsncltp tfkt
Trkdgtghlkm Ihrckl nspg`
nkr`fcp AhrukrdTrkdgtghlkm Ihrckl nspg`&Eseki gl Ihrckl' gp kdkztgle th tfc pclpgogmgtgcp h zchzmc thdkw-
pfkttcrgle gtp gnkec h c v`cppgqc hnzmcvgtw kld cqcl nhlhthlw, Mctp mhhi glth tfc uhrmd hesekithdkw kp gt sldcrehcp k nkbhr rcglqcltghl, Eseki nspg`gklp krc k`tgqcmw cnork`gle htfcr eclrcp
h krt- ptkegle nhrc hrgeglkm zcrhrnkl`cp- kld rcdcpgelgle kld glqcltgle glptrsncltp,ow Gn Pkle.ochn ;- ?- Z
Fkcrk
0 Tfc LIhrckTk- Ec
kmmhu hr k ugdcr rklec h cvzrcppghl, Tfc
zgrg &k twzc h zgzc' gp `hngle hst gl dgcrclt
mcletfp kld dgknctcrp- kld tfc fkccsn ugtf
dgcrclt rcegptcrp, Tfckwkcsn &k twzc
h gtfcr hrgeglkmmw ugtf ;? ptrglep' gp lhu
oc`hngle kqkgmkomc ugtf sz th ?3 ptrglep, Tfcpc
rcdcpgelcd glptrsncltp nkw lht fkqc tfc dccz
rcphlkl`c h tfc hrgeglkmp- ost tfcw thh zrhds`c
tfc slg{sc kld kmmsrgle zsmmgle- zspfgle-
zrcppgle- kld drhzzgle phsldp,
eski gp lh mhlecr dga`smt hr ohrglenspg`, Gt gp osgmdgle hl trkdgtghl gl hrgeglkm kld
dwlkng` ukwp kld gp drkugle nhrc zchzmc th
ski `hl`crtp kld zcrhrnkl`cp ugtf mgeftcr
ptczp kld ercktcr cvzc`tktghlp h sl kld
cv`gtcnclt, Ufkt cmpc klski dh th ncct tfcgr
cvzc`tktghlp8
Ahr cvknzmc- k ucptcrl hr`fcptrk zmkwp k zhz
phle ugtf kski glptrsnclt, Mkpt nhltf-
kl gltcrcptgle `rgnglkm `hncdw ukp ptkecd
ugtf tfc lkrrktgqc ptrs`tsrc hzklphrg- k eclrc
h trkdgtghlkm Ihrckl nspg` ufcrc k qh`km gpt
k``hnzklgcd ow k zcr`sppghlgpt pglep kld`fkltp k pthrw, Trkdgtghlkmmw- hlc qh`kmgpt ptkldp
kld pglep kmhlc hr fhsrp- ost gl tfgp spghl
nspg`km- tuh qh`kmgptp ucrc cktsrcd, Tfc nspg`
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glptrsncltp ps`f kp tfc pkvhzfhlc ucrc spcd
kmhle ugtf trkdgtghlkm glptrsncltp gl`msdgle kG`hhzcrktghugtfFkcrkG`-Aktk.Ptg`-TfclktghkmTfcktcrhaihrck
0
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
18/26
ihrck nkw ?:;?0?
pZh_tp
Nklw Ihrcklp `hlpgdcr fcr k kgrw hrfwtfng` ewnlkptg`p, Fcr ptcmmkr rgpcgl tfc uhrmd h ewnlkptg`p ccmp kmnhpt mgic
kl ckrmw dkul drkzcd gl rcpf- omsgpf mgeft-
fcrkmdgle k erckt dkw kfckd, Pfc fkp kttrk`tcd
kttcltghl rhn tfc uhrmd h gltcrlktghlkm
rfwtfng` ewnlkptg`p kp ucmm kp fcr `hnzktrghtp,
Phl Wchl.bkc ukp rklicd ;;tf gl tfc
gldgqgdskm kmm.krhsld kt tfc 0;pt _fwtfng`
Ewnlkptg`p Uhrmd @fknzghlpfgzp h tfcAdrktghl Gltcrlktghlkmc dc ewnlkptg{sc &AGE' gl
Nhltzcmmgcr- Arkl`c- mkpt Pcztcnocr- ekrlcrgle
fcr k ocrtf kt tfc sz`hngle Mhldhl Psnncr
Hmwnzg` Ekncp, Tfgp ukp k nkbhr gnzrhqcnclt
rhn fcr zcrhrnkl`c kt tfc ?:;: _fwtfng`
Ewnlkptg`p Uhrmd @fknzghlpfgzp gl Nhp`hu-
ufcrc pfc algpfcd 0?ld, Tfgp whsle mkdw ohrl gl
;774 rczhrtcdmw fkd th hltcld ugtf cnhtghlkm
gppscp bspt ochrc tfc smm ptkrt h tfc lcu pckphl
kp ucmm kp glbsrgcp rhn tfc zrc`cdgle Erkld.
Zrgv hnzctgtghl gl Nhp`hu, Tfc ocpt rcpsmt
Phstf Ihrck fkd pccl gl k nkbhr gltcrlktghlkm
`hnzctgtghl ochrc tfgp ukp Pfgl Ps.bgp rkligle
h ;?tf,
Tfc uhrmd fkp rc`helgcd tfc zhtcltgkm hPhl, Mc ewnlkptc- k Arcl`f nhltfmw ow tfc
Adrktghl Arklkgpc dc ewnlkptg{sc &AAE'- nkdc
fcr tfc hqcr nhdcm hr gtp Kzrgm cdgtghl kld rkl
kl gltcrqgcu ugtf fcr s ldcr tfc tgtmc Cvzmhpgqc
Erhutf,
Ufcl whsr rczhrtcr hr IH_CK gltcrqgcup
fcr- pfc pfhup lhl`fkmkl`c thukrdp fhu tfc
uhrmd pccp fcr, Pfc fkp occl uhrigle hl k lcu
`mso zrherkn tfkt gl`msdcp nklw tc`flg`kmmw
trg`iw nhqcncltp kld gp h`spcd hl tfc Uhrmd
@sz gl Zcpkrh gl Kzrgm tfg p wckr, Pfc gp zrcppgle
fcrpcm th `hl`cltrktc kld hl`cltrktc hl
fcrpcm ph tfkt fcr ohdw ugmm oc`hnc hlc ugtf
tfc kzzkrktsp pfc nklgzsmktcp, Pfc ukltp th
oc ehqcrlcd ow tfc tfhseft- Tfc zrherkn gpnc- tfc kzzkrktsp gp nc, Nhrc zcrpgptcl`c kld
`hl`cltrktghl gl trkglgle gp rc{sgrcd oc`kspc
tfc gldgqgdskm kmm.krhsld p`hrc gp ufkt ugmm
smtgnktcmw nkttcr kt tfc Mhldhl Hmwnzg`p,
Tfcrc ugmm oc lh ncdkm hr klw pzc`ga` cqclt
zcr kzzkrktsp,
FCK_T GL MHLDHL
Tfc dgcrcl`c octuccl
ugllgle kld mhpgle gl
rfwtfng` ewnlkptg`p ugmm
oc nckpsrcd gl tfc pnkmmcpt
dgcrcl`cp gl p`hrcp, Whsr
rczhrtcr kpip Phl ufh fcr
rhmc nhdcm gp gl tfgp acr`cmw
`hnzctgtgqc mkldp`kzc, Pfc
`gtcp Wcqeclgwk Iklkwcqk h_sppgk- tfc srrclt lsnocr
hlc gl tfc uhrmd- kld Kllk
Ocpphlhqk h Sirkglc- k
rctgrcd ptkr dsoocd tfc [sccl
h tfc Cmcekl`c,
Kp k `fgmd- pfc drckncd h
zcrhrngle hl tfc Hmwnzg`
ptkec- kld fcr drckn ugmm
`hnc trsc tfgp psnncr gl
Mhldhl, Fcr lcvt drckn gp th
dh fcr stnhpt kld rc`hrd tfc
fgefcpt zhppgomc zhglt thtkm pfc
`kl gl Mhldhl, Th nkic tfgp
pc`hld drckn k rckmgtw- pfc
gp lhu `hlptkltmw `fc`iglefcrpcm, Pfc fkp k tgeft
p`fcdsmc sltgm t fclUhrmd
@sz cqcltp gl Phak &Osmekrgk'-
@hrocgm.Cpphllcp &Arkl`c'-
kld Tkpficlt &Socigptkl' gl
Nkw- kld klhtfcr Uhrmd @sz
cqclt gl Nglpi &Ocmkrsp' gl
Bslc, Tfcpc ugmm fcmz fcr ptcz
sz fcr eknc kld `fc`i fhu
ucmm zrczkrcd pfc gp ochrc alkmmw mkldgle gl
Mhldhl hr tfc Hmwnzg`p,
Phl- k ;5.wckr.hmd rgpgle ptk r- pkwp- Phstf
Ihrck dhcp lht fkqc k qcrw ptrhle zrcpcl`c gl
tfc uhrmd h rfwtfng` ewnlkptg`p- ost G uklt
th pfhu fhu ucmm Ihrcklp kl dh g l tfc pzhrt, Gugmm dh nw ocpt,
Wcp- Phstf Ihrck fkp lcqcr occl hl pgdcrcd k
pcrghsp `hltcldcr gl rfwtfng` ewnlkptg`p- ost
lhu fkp lcu fhzc ugtf Phl, Ugmm pfc fkptcl
tfc `hngle h dkworcki th Ihrckl rfwtfng`
ewnlkptg`p8 Mctp pcc tfgp psnncr,
PHl WcHl.BKcTfc _gpgle Ptkr ha Ihrck _fwtfg`Ewkptg`p gp _ck`fgle ahr tfc Ehmd
Phl Wchl.bkc gp k Phstf Ihrckl rhhigc gl tfc uhrmd h rfwtfng` ewnlkptg`p, _c`hrdglegl`rckpglemw fgefcr p`hrcp kt g ltcrlktghlkm hnzctgtghlp- pfc gp rcqqgle sz zchzmcp
cvzc`tktghlp h fcr kt tfc sz`hngle ?:;? Mhldhl Hmwnzg`p, Pfc cqcl orhic fcr bglv glrgoohl ewnlkptg`p- ufg`f fkd kag`tcd fcr gl lckrmw kmm nkbhr `hnzctgtghlp- ow nkigle gt th
tfc lkm rhsld gl rgoohl kt tfc _fwtfng` Ewnlkptg`p Uhrmd @sz gl Zcpkrh- Gtkmw mkpt nhltf,Mctp ncct tfgp knogtghsp ewnlkpt, ow Gn Pkle.ochn ( Zfhtherkzfp zrhqgdcd ow GO Pzhrtp
; Phl rgoohl@sz kt? Phl ehmd nHmwnz
;
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
19/26
ihrck nkw ?:;?04
EmhOkm Ih_ck
IH_CK Z_T Z_HbC@TP
Ihrck Z_T h`spcp hl zrhbc`tp tfkt pszzhrt
zsomg` fckmtf kld ncdg`km pcrqg`c- cds`ktghl-
kerg`smtsrc- ehqcrlkl`c- kld zhmg`c trkglgle,
Tfgp Acorskrw- IHG@K hnzmctcd tfc
cvzklpghl h tfc @fkrgikr Ncdg`km @cltcr
mh`ktcd gl tfc `kzgtkm h Zkrukl, Tfgp gp gl
kddgtghl th tfc ncdg`km `cltcr hzcrktgle kt
Okerkn Kgr Agcmd, Tfcrc krc kmph zmklp hr
`hlptrs`tgle tfrcc lcu fckmtf `cltcrp,
Gl cds`ktghl- 46: mh`km rcpgdcltp oclcat rhnIhrck Z_T zrherknp, Tfc @fkrgikr @smtsrkm
kld Cds`ktghlkm @cltcr hcrp hsrpcp hl Dkrg
&hlc h tfc ha`gkm mkleskecp h Kefklgptkl'-
pcugle- kld fkgr ptwmgle, Tfc Okerkn qh`ktghlkm
p`fhhmp hcr `kr rczkgr kld ucmdgle trkglgle,
Tfc ?:: ptsdcltp ufh hnzmctcd tfc Okerkn
qh`ktghlkm p`fhhm zrherkn mkpt wckr ucrc kmm
fgrcd ugtfgl tfc krck- kld `hnzctgtghl hr
p`fhhm clrhmmnclt hltglscp th rgpc, Ugtf gtp
`hnngtnclt th gnzrhqgle p`fhhm hldgtghlp
gl Zkrukl- Ihrck Z_T zmklp th zrhqgdc dcpip-
`fkgrp- kld `fkmiohkrdp th 43: p`fhhmp gl tfc
zrhqgl`c kld osgmd aqc lcu p`fhhmp hr 3-:::
ptsdcltp, Ahr kerg`smtsrkm dcqcmhznclt- nhdcm
krnp ugmm oc cptkomgpfcd th `hlds`t rcpckr`fhl zmklt orccdgle tc`flg{scp, Zmklp krc kmph
gl zmk`c th rczmk`c pcqcl orgdecp tfkt krc
`hlptkltmw dknkecd gl hhdp ugtf rcglhr`cd
`hl`rctc ptccm ptrs`tsrcp,
Th rkgpc Kefkl ehqcrlkl`c kzkogmgtgcp-
Ihrck Z_T pcldp Kefkl zrhqgl`gkm mckdcrp
th Ihrck ph tfkt tfcw `kl ocl`fnkri gtp ocpt
ehqcrlkl`c zrk`tg`cp, Tfhpc gl kerg`smtsrc
krc pclt hl ps`f t rgzp kp ucmm, Gl ?:;;- ;44
zchzmc ucrc pclt th Ihrck hr qkrghsp zsrzhpcp
gl`msdgle trkglgle hl gl`rckpgle erkzc
zrhds`tgqgtw- rsrkm dcqcmhznclt- kld gnzrhqgle
ecldcr c{skmgtw, Tfcrc krc pcqcl zrherknp gl
Ihrck p`fcdsmcd hr ;4: zchzmc tfgp wckr,
Ihrck Z_T kmph fcmzp g nzrhqc zsomg` hrdcr glZkrukl ow hqcrpccgle tfc mh`km zhmg`c trkglgle
zrherkn, Kt tfc zhmg`c trkglgle `cltcr tfkt ukp
ha`gkmmw rc`helgcd ow t fc mh`km ehqcrlnclt- 4:
dcmcektcp h tfc Ihrck Lktghlkm Zhmg`c Kecl`w
tck`f tkciuhldh kld krrcpt tc`flg{scp th mh`km
zhmg`c rc`rsgtp,
Ihrck _ck`fcp Hst th KaefklgptklPhstf Ihrck bhglp tfc gltcrlktghlkm `hnnslgtw gl tfc rc`hlptrs`tghl h Kefklgptkl,ow Bsmgkllk @fsle ( zfhtherkzfp zrhqgdcd ow tfc _HI Z_T ahr`c
Ufcl tfc Ihrck Zrhqgl`gkm _c`hlptrs`tghlTckn ocekl uhri gl Zkrukl Zrhqgl`c-Kefklgptkl gl Bsmw ?:;:- tfc mh`km rcpgdcltp
fkd dhsotp kohst tfc tcknp glgtgktgqc, Ktcr ?:
nhltfp- tfc Ihrck Zrhqgl`gkm _c`hlptrs`tghlTcknp chrtp krc lht hl mw kzzrc`gktcd ow tfc
`hnnslgtw ost kmph rc`helgcd ow tfc mh`km
ehqcrlnclt,
Tfc Ihrck Zrhqgl`gkm _c`hlptrs`tghl Tckn
&Ihrck Z_T' hlpgptp h kzzrhvgnktcmw 43:
zcrphllcm rhn tfc Nglgptrw h Ahrcgel Kkgrp
kld Trkdc- tfc Nglgptrw h Lktghlkm Dcclpc-
tfc Lktghlkm Zhmg`c Kecl`w- kld tfc Ihrck
Gltcrlktghlkm @hhzcrktghl Kecl`w & IHG@K',
Ihrck Z_T hzcrktcp kp k bhglt gqgmgkl.
ngmgtkrw zrhbc`t9 `gqgmgkl kecl`gcp pszcrqgpckld `krrw hst nhpt h tfc rc`hlptrs`tghl uhri
ufgmc Ihrckl pzc`gkm hr`cp h tfc Kpfclk slgt
hqcrpcc pgtc pc`srgtw, Tfc qkrghsp kecl`w gtp slgt
hr tfc ngppghl h gnzrhqgle {skmgtw h mgc hr
tfc Kefkl zchzmc kld egqgle fhzc th tfc ukr.
thrl hsltrw,
IH_CK Z_T CAAH_TP @HLTGLSC AH_
MKPTGLE CAAC@TP
IHG@K Dgrc`thr Iuhl Hf.psle h tfc Ihrck
Z_T okpc gl @fkrgikr rslp tfc nklw Ihrck Z_T
zrhbc`tp ugtf hlc zsrzhpc gl ngld, Tfc h`sp
gp th clpsrc tfc pcm.psa`gcl`w h tfc Kefkl
zchzmc ktcr uc mckqc tfc hsltrw, Tfc dgrc`thrkmph fkp k zcrphlkm mhlegle, G fhzc tfc Kefkl
zchzmc ugmm rcncnocr Ihrck kp k rgcldmw
lcgefohr,
Cqcl kt tfgp nhnclt- Ihrck Z_T hltglscp
ugtf gtp chrtp th zkqc tfc ukw hr k orgeftcr
stsrc hr Kefklgptkl,
; Mh`kk pcugkt @fkCds`k
? Ihrctfrcc zKefkl
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
20/26
ihrck nkw ?:;?01
PZC@GKM GPPSC
Ccc`c c Eo Qec Wcp
Fhu th ClbhwCvzh ?:;? wChps ihrCkTfc pck haa Wchps gp ohgptcrhsp,
K erkld emhokm zkrtw ha ;:1 hsltr gcp gptkigle zmk`c, @hnc th tfc Wchps Cvzh-
hlc ha tfc uhrmdp tfrcc ercktcpt acptgqkmp hatfgp wckr- kld fkqc asl kld pcc fhu
fsnklgtw gp cvzmhrgle ukwp th hcvgpt ugtftfc pck kld rcktc k octtcr astsrc,
ow Mcc Bchle.csl- Ign Ngl.pchl ( Zfhtherkzfp zrhqgdcd ow tfcHreklggle @hnngttcc ha Cvzh ?:;? Wchps Ihrck
Kt tfc Oge.H- mkpcr kldfhmherkzfg` gnkecp krczrhbc`tcd hl k uktcr p`rccl,
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
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nctcrp gl dgknctcr, Gt fkp k egekltg` hpfhrc
hsltkgl kld kl hpfhrc ptkec `kmmcd Gchdh tfkt
psoncrecp kld rcpsrk`cp dsrgle zcrhrnkl`cp-
kld htfcr k`gmgtgcp hr pfhup- zcrhrnkl`cp-
kld htfcr cqcltp, Tfc cltcr h tfc Oge.H
psrrhsldcd ow tfc hstcr rgn gp pgnzmw hzcl
kld tfgp hzcl pzk`c oc`hncp k uktcr p`rccl hl
ufg`f mkpcr hr fhmherkzfg` gnkecp krc zrhbc`tcd,
Tfc Oge.Hp nsmtgncdgk pfhu rslp cqcrw dkw
rhn 720: z,n, th ;: z,n,
Cvzh DgEgtkm EkmmCrW &CDE'
Tfc Cvzh Dgegtkm Ekmmcrw fkp k fsec mgeft.
cngttgle dghdc &MCD' zklcm dgpzmkw hl tfc`cgmgle tfkt ehcp k`rhpp tfc `cltcr h tfc
Gltcrlktghlkm Zkqgmghl, Tfgp fgef.tc`f dgpzmkw h
?;6 nctcrp ow 0: nctcrp pfhup nhqgle gnkecp
h nkrglc `rcktsrcp kld qgdch `mgzp ps`f kp
Pgn`fchle Bchl &k trkdgtghlkm Ihrckl hmi pthrw'
kld k komcd pthrw h ncrnkgdp,
PiW thuCr
Piw Thucr rgpcp 15 nctcrp- tfc tkmmcpt osgmdgle
kt tfc Cvzh pgtc, Gt fkp k `smtsrkm pzk`c ugtf
pwnohmg` ncklgle kp gt gp nkdc hst h dgpspcd
`cnclt pgmhp, Hstpgdc tfc thucr gp kl clhrnhsp
zgzc hrekl gl tfc pfkzc h k fkrz, Tfc zgzc
hrekl `kl oc fckrd hr pgv igmhnctcrp gl cqcrw
dgrc`tghl kld cqcl nkdc gt glth tfc Esgllcpp
Ohhi h Uhrmd _c`hrdp hl H` thocr ?;- ?:;;- kp
tfc mhsdcpt zgzc hrekl,
NkrglC mgaC zkQgmghl(k{skrgsN
Tfc K{skrgsn gp tfc mkrecpt gl Ihrck, Gt gp kp
mkrec kp tuh ph``cr ptkdgsnp kld fhspcp 04-:::
nkrglc `rcktsrcp h 0:: pzc`gcp gl`msdgle rkrc
pzc`gcp ps`f kp Okgikm pckmp- ocmsek ufkmcp-
pck fhrpcp- kld pck drkehlp, Tfc K{skrgsn
`hnzrgpcp 04 uktcr tklip- pnkmm kld mkrec-
gl`msdgle tfc Kl`fhqw Uktcr Tkli- ufcrc
p`fhhmp h 1-::: pkrdglcp nhqc mgic dkl`gle
erhszp- kld tfc K{sk Dhnc Uktcr Tkli- gl
ufg`f kmm hsr pgdcp krc trklpzkrclt ph tfkt whs
`kl pcc tfc glpgdc rhn klw dgrc`tghl, Glpgdc tfc
K{skrgsn gp tfc Nkrglc Mgc Zkqgmghl- ufg`f
fhspcp nsdkt kld nkrglc c`hpwptcn cltcrp,
gltCrlktghlkm zkQgmghl
Tfgp gp ufcrc ;:3 hsltrgcp fhmd cvf gogtghlp, Kp
tfc Cvzh gp tfcncd hl tfc pck- tfc Gltcrlktghlkm
Zkqgmghl gp dcpgelcd th pfhu tfc ockstw h
tfc kr`fgzcmkeh gl tfc pck phstf h tfc Ihrckl
Zclglpsmk- cpzc`gkmmw ufcl gt gp drkzcd gl he,
Gldgqgdskm lktghlkm zkqgmghlp krc erhszcd ow tfc
tfrcc h`cklp h tfc Ktmkltg`- tfc Zk`ga`- kld tfc
Gldgkl, Zkrtg`gzktgle `hsltrgcp rsl rcptksrkltp
hl tfc pc`hld hhr h tfc Gltcrlktghlkm Zkqgmghl-
ufcrc qgpgthrp `kl tkptc dgcrclt hhdp kld osw
pzc`gkmtgcp kld phsqclgrp h tfc `hsltrgcp,
tfCNC zkQgmghl klD h@Ozk
G whs pcc tfc Tfcnc Zkqgmghl rhn mkld- gt mhhipmgic k orck`fgle pzcrn ufkmc- ost g whs pcc gt
rhn tfc pck- tfc zkqgmghl mhhip mgic k ockstgsm
`hkptmglc kld kl gpmkld, Ugtfgl tfc zkqgmghl krc
k ?:.nctcr.mhle ukmm p`rccl kld k dhncd p`rccl
ugtf k dgknctcr h aqc nctcrp, Tfcw nkic whs
ccm kp g whs krc sldcr tfc pck, Hl tfc pc`hld
T fc Gltcrlktghlkm Cvzhpgtghl Wchps Ihrck?:;?- koorcqgktcd kp Cvzh ?:;? WchpsIhrck hr nhrc pgnzmw kp tfc Wchps Cvzh- tkicp
zmk`c sldcr tfc tfcnc h tfc Mgqgle H`ckl kld
@hkpt gl kld krhsld tfc lcu Zhrt h Wchps gl
tfc zrhqgl`c h Bchmmklkn.dh rhn Nkw ;? th
Ksespt ;?, Cvzh ?:;? Wchps Ihrck pfhu`kpcp
tfc zkpt- zrcpclt- kld stsrc h t fc pck, @sttgle.
cdec tc`flhmhegcp kzzmgcd th cqcrw hrlcr h
tfc Cvzh pgtc cltcrtkgl k ld clekec qgpgthrp,
Qgpgthrp kl cqcl pcc- ths`f- kld ccm tfc uhrmd
h nkrglc rhohtp kt tfc DPNC Nkrglc _hoht
Zkqgmghl- kld clbhw kl MCD p`rccl ugtf tfc
uhrmdp ocpt rcphmstghl kld tfrcc.dgnclpghlkm
phsld pwptcn kt tfc Cvzh Dgegtkm Ekmmcrw,
Cvzh ?:;? Wchps Ihrck gp k egekltg` ek mmcrw,
Ck`f osgmdgle gp k slg{sc uhri h krt, Tfc
Tfcnc Zkqgmghl gp tfc arpt.cqcr hpfhrc
cvfgogtghl k`gmgtw gl Phstf Ihrck9 tfc Ihrckl
Zkqgmghl gp dcpgelcd ktcr tfc wgl.wkle pwnohm
kt tfc cltcr h Phstf Ihrckp lktghlkm ke9 tfc
Gltcrlktghlkm Zkqgmghl cvzrcppcp tfc p`clcrw h
tfc kr`fgzcmkeh gl tfc pck phstf h tfc Ihrckl
Zclglpsmk9 kld tfc Piw Thucr gp gl tfc pfkzc h
kl clhrnhsp fkrz,
_hsefmw ;:: zcrhrnkl`cp kld htfcr cqcltp
tkic zmk`c cqcrw dkw, Lsncrhsp mkpcr pfhup kld
arcuhrip dgpzmkwp krc g nzrcppgqc, Nsmtgncdgk
pfhup hl k p`rccl hrncd ugtf uktcr zrcpclt
cv`gtgle pthrgcp, Hl tfc ptrcctp krc zmkwp- okmmctp-
kld dkl`c zcrhrnkl`cp tfcncd hl tfc pck,
Kmm h tfc fhttcpt Phstf Ihrckl I.zhz ptkrp
kld k`thrp kld k`trcppcp `hnc hl tfc ptkec-
kld hrcgel pszcrptkrp kld `mkppg`km krtgptp kmph
zcrhrn,
Cvzh ?:;? Wchps Ihrck gp kmph k emhokm
qgmmkec cptgqkm ufcrc ;:1 hsltrgcp pzhrt tfcgr
trkdgtghlkm dkl`cp kld htfcr zcrhrnkl`cp,
Pzc`ga` `hsltrgcp krc fgefmgeftcd hl `crtkgl
dkwp,
Np.pcc a`cpOgE.h
Tfc Oge.H gp k k`gmgtw hl tfc pck tfkt `hllc`tp
tfc orckiuktcr h tfc lcu Zhrt h Wchps th
tfc Wchps Zclglpsmk, Gt mhhip mgic t fc mcttcr
H- rczrcpcltgle tfc uhrd h`ckl- kld gp 03
;
?; Hqcrfckd qgcu h tfcWchps Cvzh,? Tfc Gltcrlktghlkm Zkqgmghlrczrcpcltp tfc kr`fgzcmkeh
h tfc Kceckl Pck,
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hhr gp tfc H`ckl kld @hkpt Ocpt Zrk`tg`c
Krck &H@OZK', Gt gp kl cvzcrgcltgkm klkmhesc
cvfgogtghl fkmm ufcrc ocpt zrk`tg`cp hl tfc pck
kld `hkptkm krckp rhn krhsld tfc uhrmd krc
pfhu`kpcd,
tfC ihrCk zkQgmghl
Tfc Ihrck Zkqgmghl fkp k ncdgk fkmm kld kl
cvfgogtghl fkmm- ufg`f gp dcpgelcd ktcr tfc
wgl.wkle pwnohm kt t fc cltcr h Phstf Ihrckp
lktghlkm ke, Tfcpc tuh fkmmp pfhu`kpc tfc
`hsltrwp `kzkogmgtgcp gl tfc nkrglc krck, Tfc
p`clcrw h tfc kr`fgzcmkeh gl tfc pck phstf h
tfc Ihrckl Zclglpsmk- k `hkptkm krck `hqcrcd
ugtf rhsld zcoomcp- zchzmc uhrigle hl tfc
pfhrc h kl cptskrw- tcrrk`cd rg`c zkddgcp ow k
`hkpt- tfc Oklesdkc Zctrhemwzfp &clerkqcd rh`i
krt rhn tfc Zrcfgpthrg` Kec'- kld tfc pthrw h
Bkle Oheh- ufh ukp k zhucrsm nkrgtgnc aesrc
gl tfc mktc Slgcd Pgmmk Igledhn- krc pfhul kp
dghrknkp kld qgdchp gl rckm.mgc pgc,
rc`nncdcd rcp owDcc Qp
akNgmgCP
_c`hnncldcd _hstc2 H@OZK@mgnktc
Clqgrhlnclt ZkqgmghlGltcrlktghlkm
Hreklgktghlp ZkqgmghlDPNC Nkrglc _hoht
ZkqgmghlAgpfcrgcp Cvzcrgcl`c Rhlc &H`ckl'
Clcrew Zkri
Tfcw ugmm pcc tfc ;0 ocpt nkrglc zrk`tg`cp-
chrtp th zrcpcrqc kld spc tfc pck- kld nkrglc
rhohtp, Tfcw ugmm kmph cnokri hl k dccz pck
apfgle qcppcm- trw spgle trkdgtghlkm apfgle eckr-
kld mckrl kohst t fc pckp rgtg`km rhmc gl pfkzgle
tfc zmklctp mgnktc kld clqgrhlnclt,
OsPglCPP zChzmC
_c`hnncldcd _hstc2 Gltcrlktghlkm
Hreklgktghlp Zkqgmghl @hrzhrktc Zkqgmghlp
Tfcnc Zkqgmghl Nkrglc Gldsptrgkm ! Tc`flhmhew
Zkqgmghl Mh`km Ehqcrlncltp Zkqgmghl
Gltcrlktghlkm Zkqgmghl
Tfgp rhstc cc`tgqcmw zrcpcltp tfc t fcnc h
tfc Cvzh- mh`km ehqcrlncltp kld Ihrckl
`hnzklgcp nkrglc tc`flhmhegcp- kld `hsltrgcp
nsmtgkrghsp chrtp hr erccl erhutf,
@hszmCP
_c`hnncldcd _hstc2 Ihrck Zkqgmghl
K{skrgsn Oge.H Nkrglc @gqgmgktghl ! @gtw
Zkqgmghlp Piw Thucr Clcrew Zkri
Nsmtgncdgk pfhup- hsltkgl pfhup- zgzc hrekl
zcrhrnkl`cp- `stc nkrglc klgnkmp- kld tfc
hzcl p`clcrw h tfc pck ugmm nkic tfc fckrtp h
`hszmcp sttcr,
; Tfc Ihrck Zkqgmghlzrcpcltp tfc kzkogmgtgcp hIhrck kp k mckdgle nkrgtgnclktghl,? Tfc Piw Thucr gp rcktcdrhn k zkgr h kokldhlcdpgmhp, K zgzc hrekl gp glptkmmcdgl tfc pfkzc h k fkrz hl tfccvtcrghr h tfc Piw Thucr,
tgzp ahr wChps Cvzh qgpgthrp
Tg`ict _ccrqktghl
Whs `kl rcpcrqc
tg`ictp hl tfc
fhnczkec h Cvzh
?:;? Wchps Ihrck kt
uuu,cvzh?:;?,ir hr
kt tfc hlmglc pfhzzglenkmm Gltcrzkri kt
uuu,gltcrzkri,`hn, Gldsptrgkm Okli h Ihrck- Iuklebs
Okli- kld C.Nkrt kmph pcmm tg`ictp, Tfc ptkldkrd dkw
zkpp gp I_U 00-::: hr kdsmtp &kzzrhv, SPD 0:'-
I_U ?3-::: hr kdhmcp`cltp &kzzrhv, SPD ?0'- kld
;7-::: hr `fgmdrcl hr pclghrp &kzzrhv, SPD ;5', G whs
rcpcrqc tg`ictp- whs nkw rcpcrqc qgpgtp th tuh h tfc
cgeft zkqgmghlp th kqhgd fkqgle th ptkld gl mglc, Tfc
cgeft zkqgmghlp krc tfc Tfcnc Zkqgmghl- Ihrck Zkqgmghl-
@mgnktc Clqgrhlnclt Zkqgmghl- Nkrglc Gldsptrgkm !
Tc`flhmhew Zkqgmghl- Nkrglc @gqgmgktghl ! @gtw Zkqgmghlp-
Nkrglc Mgc Zkqgmghl- K{skrgsn- kld DPNC Nkrglc
_hoht Zkqgmghl,
Hlc.pthz @kmm @cltcr Mksl`fcd ahr Wchs Cvzh
QggthrTfc Hreklggle @hnngttcc hr Cvzh ?:;? Wchps
Ihrck mksl`fcd k hlc.pthz `kmm `cltcr hl Nkr`f ;3
th zrhqgdc glhrnktghl hl cvfgogtghlp- zcrhrnkl`cp-
trklpzhrtktghl- kld k``hnnhdktghlp th tfhpc rhn
fhnc kld korhkd zmkllgle th qgpgt Wchps Cvzh, Arhn
Kzrgm ;1 th tfc mkpt dkw h tfc Cvzh- Ksespt ;?- k thtkm h
0: hzcrkthrp ugmm zrhqgdc pcrqg`cp cqcrw dkw rhn 6kn
th ;;zn gl Ihrckl- Clemgpf- @fglcpc- kld Bkzklcpc,
Tfc zfhlc lsnocr hr tfc `kmm `cltcr gp ;355.?:;?,
klhtFCr aCptgqkm hl thz ha wChps C
Ohchle Dkfwkle Ac
Ocgle tfc mkrecpt tck z
ogrtfzmk`c h tfc dhnc
Ohpchle fhmdp k erccl
cqcrw Nkw &Nkw ;1.?:'
tfc cptgqkm gp Dkfwkle
tck p`clt cptgqkm, Tfc
nklw dgcrclt k`tgqgtgc
rgtskm th zrkw hr kl ko
tck- lgzzgle tck mckqcp
Ahr nhrc glhrnktghl-
dkfwkle,ohpchle,eh,i
?
;
?
;
thsrgptDCptglktghlplCkr wChps
Psl@fChl- kl C@hmhEg@km
trCkPsrC fhsPC
Psl`fchl Okw gp hlc h tfc uhrmdp aqc nhpt
gnzhrtklt uctmkldp kmhle ugtf tfc hkpt h tfc
Lhrtf Pck gl Csrhzc kld tfc uctmkld kt tfc nhstf
h tfc Knkhl _gqcr, K rccd acmd ptrct`fcp 3,4
igmhnctcrp th tfc lhrtf- kld k qkpt uctmkld rslp
??,1 igmhnctcrp th tfc phstf, Gl pzrgle- rccd pfhhtp`hnc hst kld emgttcr gl mgeft erccl sldcr tfc psl9
erhugle tkmmcr tfkl kdsmtp kld ukqgle dccz erccl
gl tfc ugld, Tfg p gp phnctfgle whs pfhsmd lht ngpp,
Whs krc kmph ptrhlemw rc`hnncldcd th pcc tfc tuh
knhsp tcnzmcp h Phleeuklepk kld Pchlknpk kp
ucmm kp Lkekl Cszpchle- k qgmmkec zrcpcrqcd kp gt
ukp 1:: wckrp keh,
OhPChlE- ErCCl tCk
Tfc fgmmp h Ohpchle kzzckr kp g tfcw krc hqcrcd
ow kl cldmcpp erccl `krzct, Ohpchle gp tfc `cltcr h
erccl tck smtgqktghl gl Ihrck, Tfcrc gp kmph k zktf
tfrhsef k tfg`i hrcpt h cdkr trccp t fkt ukp omkcd
33 wckrp keh, Gt gp ph ockstgsm tfkt gt gp rc{scltmw
spcd kp k pcttgle hr nhqgcp kld TQ `hnncr`gkmp,
Tfc zktf stp tfrhsef tfc hrcpt h ?:.nctcr cdkrtrccp- kld ukmigle hl gt gp rcrcpfgle hr ohtf tfc
ngld kld ohdw, Arhn tfc thz h tfc erccl tck acmdp-
whs kl pcc Dcslewkle Okw, Cqcrw Nkw- erccl
okrmcw kld ufckt rgzzmc mgic tfc pck gl tfc ugld,
fkDhlE klD EuklEWklE ugtf
ukQW uktCr klD amhuCr zktfP
Fkdhle kld Euklewkle krc clp`hl`cd ow tfc
Pchnbglekle- k rgqcr knhsp hr gtp mckr uktcr-
kld mhhi dhul hl tfc pck phstf h tfc Ihrckl
Zclglpsmk, Tfc mkldp`kzc gp lktsrkmmw dc`hrktcd
ugtf orhhip kld hucrp h tfc nhpt fckqclmw
ockstw,
Fukekc Bkletch gl Fkdhle gp k trkdgtghlkm Ihrckl
nkrictzmk`c kld pcmmp ugmd fcro tckp rhn Bgrgpkl
&Nt, Bgrg'- rcpf zrhds`c- nkrpf mknp `hmmc`tcd rhntfc Pchnbglekle- kld htfcr mh`km pzc`gkmtgcp,
Tfc acmdp kld fgmmp h Nkcfuk Nkcsm &Snc Amhucr
Qgmmkec' krc hqcrcd ugtf ufgtc snc hucrp gl
ckrmw pzrgle kld tfcl ugtf tfcgr rsgtp gl Nkw kld
Bslc,
lkNfkC klD tfC OCkstgasm
@hkPtmglC
Tfc @LL rc`cltmw dcpgelktcd 3: nspt.pcc
dcptglktghlp gl Phstf Ihrck- tfc qgmmkec h Lknfkcukp tfgrd hl tfc mgpt, Tfc lknc h tfc qgmmkec gp
Ek`fchl Dkrkcleg Nkcsm, Dkrkcleg ncklp tcrrk`cd
rg`c zkddgcp hl nhsltkgl pmhzcp, Tfc ptkgr`kpc h
tfc dkrkcleg gl tfc qgmmkec rslp dhul ugtf nhrc
tfkl ;:: ptczp th tfc hkpt h tfc `mckl omsc uktcrp
h tfc pck phstf h tfc Ihrckl Zclglpsmk,
Pchpkle Zhrt gl Lknfkc pcmmp t g`ictp th Cvzh ?:;?
Wchps Ihrck, K zkppclecr pfgz rhn Pchpkle Zhrt
hr Lhrkle Zhrt gl Lknfkc ugmm orgle whs th tfc
Cvzh pgtc gl hlmw ?: th 0: nglstcp,
; Tfc acmd gp hlc n? Tfc Ek`fcDkrkcrg`c zkpmhzcp
PZC@GKM GPPSC
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8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
23/26
ihrck nkw ?:;?4?
PZC@GKM GPPSC
rgqCrp-c lc l zwedpHstdhhr cltfspgkptp- pzhrtpncl- kld akngmgcp gl Phstf Ihrck fkqc ns`f th mhhi ahrukrd th
tfgp pzrglekld gtp lht bspt t fc ukrn ucktfcr, ow Bsmgkllk @fsle
Tfc hsr nkbhr rgqcrp gl Phstf IhrcktfcFklekle- Lkidhleekle- Wchlepklekle-kld Ecsneklefkqc oc`hnc qclscp hr
kngmgcp kld rgcldp th clekec gl kmm nkllcr h
mcgpsrc k`tgqgtgcp gl`msdgle `w`mgle- trciigle-
kld knzgle, Zchzmc krc lhu komc th clbhw tfc
mhqcmw p`clcrw kld fgpthrw h Ihrck tf rhsef
mcgpsrc k`tgqgtgcp,
rhkNglE tfC lktghl hl tuh ufCCmP
Tfc lktghlugdc og`w`mc zktf zrhbc`t ptkrtcd gl
ckrmw ?:;: kld ugmm oc `hnzmctcd tfgp wckr ugtf
tfc hzclgle h tfc Lkidhleekle og`w`mc zktf
gl Kzrgm, Ihrck ugmm t fcl fkqc k ;-535.igmhnctcr
zktf tfkt `hllc`tp tfc hsr nkbhr rgqcrp gl
tfc `hsltrw, Tfc zktf gp dcpgelcd th kttrk`t
knktcsr `w`mgptp ugtf gtp dgqcrpc kld qkrghsp
og`w`mc zktfp kmhle tfc ockstgsm rgqcrpgdc
p`clcrgcp, Tfc hnncnhrktgqc ncdkm gppscd
ow tfc Nglgptrw h Mkld- Trklpzhrt kld
Nkrgtgnc Kkgrp kld tfc Nglgptrw h Zsomg`
Kdnglgptrktghl kld Pc`srgtw th tfhpc ufh fkqc
`w`mcd kmm tfc og`w`mc zktfp kmhle tfc hsr rgqcrp
ugmm kmph oc k tcnztgle rcukrd hr `w`mgptp,
Thsr dc Ihrck ?:;?- tfc hlmw rhkd w`mgle
`hnzctgtghl gl Ihrck- ugmm ocekl hl Kzrgm ??-spgle nklw h tfcpc lcu og`w`mc zktfp, Tfc rk`c
ugmm `hqcr nhrc tfkl ;-6:: igmhnctcrp kld zkpp
tfrhsef tcl nkbhr `gtgcp gl`msdgle Gl`fchl-
Oswch- Euklebs- Wchps- kld Wchbs,
Gl`hhzcrktghlugtfipzh-uuu,4rgqc
rp,eh,ir
PtrhmmglE kmhlE tfC rg
Ekrkn Egm gp k pcrgcp h trciigl
kmhle tfc hsr rgqcrp tfkt cnoh
kld `smtsrc, Tfcw pkw tfkt k ptr
Egm gp lht k ncrc ukmi- ost k tgn
cvzcrgcl`c, Tfc Nglgptrw h @s
Thsrgpn kld tfc Ihrck Thsrgpn
krc rsllgle tfc Ekrkn Egm Pth
sltgm Nkw 1- gl ufg`f zkrtg`gzk
Egm krckp tfkt fkqc kzzckrcd gl
kstfhrp,
@kNzglE hl tfC rgQCrPg
Gltcrcpt gl `knzgle fkp pfht sz
gl Ihrck- kld th `knzcrp ms`i-
fkqc tuh nhrc knzerhsldp l
rgqcrp h tfc Wchlepklekle kld
Tfc Gzhoh @knzpgtc ow tfc Fkl
Fkzeklebchle @knzpgtc ow tfc
kmrckdw cvtrcncmw zhzsmkr kld
zcr`clt kld 7: zcr`clt rcpcrqcd
Tfc Ha`c h Lktghlkm _ gqcr _c
th hzcl k thtkm h ;6 `knzgle pgt
rgqcrp,
Hl Nkr`f 0;- 4: kngmgcp zkr
Akngmw @knzgle Dkw kt tfc Gzhugtf fknzghl nhsltkglccr Sn
Sn- kl kqgd knzcr- mcd tfc zrh
zrcpcltktghlp hl nhsltkgl cvz
`knzgle cvzcrgcl`cp,
Gltcrcpt gl knzgle fkpgl`rckpcd trcncldhspmw glIhrck gl rc`clt wckrp, Gt gpclbhwcd kp kl hstgle cqcltugtf kngmw kld rgcldp,
Zfhtherkzfp ow Zkri Iukl.wchle
-
8/2/2019 KOREA [2012 VOL.8 No. 5]
24/26
ihrck nkw ?:;?44
thsr DC ihrCk ?:;?
Nhdcmcd ktcr tfc Thsr dc Arkl`c- tfc uhrmdp zrcngcr
`w`mgle `hnzctgtghl- tfc Thsr dc Ihrck ptkrtcd ugtf
tfc kgn h zrhnhtgle og`w`mgle knhle Ihrcklp, Tfc
arpt thsr gl ?::5 ekglcd lktghlkm kttcltghl ugtf tfc
zkrtg`gzktgle h Mkl`c Krnptrhle- tfc pcqcl.tgnc Thsrdc Arkl`c ugllcr,
Tfc Thsr dc Ihrck gp dgqgdcd glth tuh pc`tghlp2 tfc
Cmgtc pc`tghl hr tfc glqgtcd tcknp `hnzhpcd h S@G.
rcegptcrcd og`w`mgptp kld tfc Pzc`gkm pc`tghl hr `w`mgptp
ufh zkpp k zrc.tcpt `hlds`tcd ow tfc Thsr dc Ihrck
`hnngttcc, Nhrc tfkl ;0: zrhcppghlkm rgdcrp gl ??
tcknp rhn k`rhpp tfc uhrmd- kmhle ugtf phnc ?::
knktcsr rgdcrp- ugmm hnzctc gl tfc Thsr dc Arkl`c ?:;?,
Tfc zkrtg`gzkltp ugmm rgdc nhrc tfkl ;-6:: igmhnctcrp
dsrgle tfc cgeft.dkw cqclt, K thtkm h 0:: ngmmghl uhl
ugmm oc kukrdcd kt tfc rk`c,
iecbbnPtckncd @rko ugtfEkrlgpfcp haAgqc @hmhrp
Tfc pzkulgle pckphl hr omsc `rko glIhrck rslp rhn ckrmw Nkw th Bslc, Gl tfcrhwkm `hsrt h tfc Bhpchl Dwlkptw- omsc
`rko ukp hlpgdcrcd k pckphlkm dcmg`k`wkld ukp ptckncd ugtf ekrlgpfcp h aqc
`hmhrp &hpkci ehnwchle', Cktgle `rko ncktrhn tfc pfcmm kl oc dga`smt- ost gt ukp
dccncd lhomc hr tfc igle th fkldmc kldcldsrc ps`f fkrd uhri ugtf cmcekl`c, Ph
tfc fcp h tfc rhwkm igt`fcl zrczkrcdtfc ptckncd rko ow tkigle hst kmm tfc
`rko nckt kld nkigle k ammgle ow ngv glegt ugtf erhsld occ kld ths, Tfc ammgle
ukp tfcl pzhhlcd hlth tfc szp