kolenasto vratilo
TRANSCRIPT
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ME3/2012DRAGAN BOTIĆ
Radilica (kolenasto vratilo)
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Radilica (kolenasto vratilo)
Sastavni deo motora (SUS)
Pretvara linearno kretanje klipa u kružno kretanje pogonski točkova (generatora)
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Delovi
1. Glavni rukavci2. Leteći rukavci3. Protivtegovi4. Rame5. Otvor za
podmazivanje
1
2
5
3
4
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Primena
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Izrađuje se: livenjem (od jednog ili više delova) kovanjem
Njen oblik zavisi od broja klipova i njihovih položaja
Kovana radilicaSastavljanje radilice
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Kao sastavni deo motora potrebno je da zadovolji sledeće uslove:
Postojanost na visokim temperaturamaOtpornost na zamorVeliku tvrdoću, čvrstoću, krutostOtpornost na torziju i savijanjeOtpornost na habanje….
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• Legiranih čelika • Livenog gvožđa
Austemperovani nodularni liv (ADI materijal)
Proizvodi se od:
42CrMo-4, 34CrNiMo-6, 32CrMoV-3, ASTM 4340 ...
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Radilice od legiranih čelika za poboljšavanje
Daju veliku tvrdoću (40-60 HRC)Otpornost na zamorOtpornost na povišene temperatureSkuplje su
primese (Mn, Cr, Si, Ni, V, Co, Al)
Segregacija fosfora
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Radilice od nodularnog liva Prižaju dobru obradivost Lako se liju (mala Tt nodularnog liva) Imaju veću čvrstoću od čelika (> 800 MPa) Prigušuju udare Ugrađuju se kod vozila koja dostižu velike brzine Relativno dobru zilavost
Za manje opterećenja vratila koristi se nodularni liv, a za teško
opterećena ADI materijaliSegregacija fosfora
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Poboljšavanje materijalja Pored osobina koja posjeduju, ovi materijalji se mogu poboljšati :
3. indukcionim kaljenjem
1. nitriranjem
2. sačmarenjem
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Vrednosti dinamičke čvrstoće (D) u zavisnosti od tretmana
Dijagram zamaranja (Velerove krive)
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Vrednosti napona za pojedine materijale
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Minimalne vrednosti legirajućih elemenata
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Nodularni liv, ADI materijali, legirani čelici
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Najveću primenu ima legirani čelik ASTM 4340 (40CrNi2Mo)
TVRDOĆAIndukciono kaljenje = 53 HRC
Nitriranje + indukciono kaljenje = 60 HRC
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ASTM 4340 (40CrNi2Mo)
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Literatura http://www.tatasteelnz.com/downloads/HighTens_AISI4340.pdf http://www.atlassteels.com.au/documents/Atlas4340.pdf http://dmidubai.ae/specialized-services/crankshaft-grinding/ http://acta.fih.upt.ro/pdf/2012-2/ACTA-2012-2-09.pdf http://www.f-diesel.com/Products/Engine-Components/5C-Parts/Crankshaft.aspx http://www.wzl.rwth-aachen.de/cms/www_content/en/99bb29b71821808dc1256f33004
f81ce/fti_l06.pdf
http://www.epi-eng.com/piston_engine_technology/crankshaft_design_issues.htm http://www.tatasteeleurope.com/file_source/StaticFiles/Business%20Units/Engineering%
20steels/Automotive%20Components.pdf
http://www.tatasteelautomotive.com/file_source/StaticFiles/Microsites/Automotive/Publications/Book%20of%20steel/Book%20of%20Steel%203rd%20Ed_lowres.pdf