I

KUTKM Library (Pind.l/2005)

KOLEJ UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESIS*

JUDUL: DEVELOPMENT OF STRUCTURING ANTHROPOMETRIC DATABASE

SESI PENGAJIAN: __ ____,2=006-=....:;..;./-=2..::...;00~7 __ _

Say a HAZMAN BIN HASffi (HURUF BESAR)

mengaku membenarkan tesis (Sarjana Muda/SarjaAa/Doktor Falsafah) ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Kolej Universiti Teknikat Kebangsaan Malaysia (KUTKM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:

1. Tesis adatah hak milik Kotej Universiti Teknikat Kebangsaan Malaysia. 2. Perpustakaan Kolej Universiti Teknikal Kebangsaan Malaysia dibenarkan

membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja. 3. Perpustakaan dibenark.an membuat salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran

antara institusi pengajian tinggi. 4. -sna tandakan (..J)

D SULIT

D TERHAD

[] TIDAK TERHAD

&~

(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia yang termaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI1972)

(Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyeUdikan dijalankan)

Disahkan oleh:

(T AND AT ANGAN PENULIS) (T ANDAT ANGAN PENYELIA)

Alamat Tetap: 29, JALAN BU 7/7, BANDAR UTAMA DAMAN SARA, 47800 PET ALING JAY A, SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN

Tarikh: 08/12/2006

Cop Rasmi:

Tarikh:

NOR AKRAMJN BIN MOHAMAD Pensyarah

Fikulti Kejuruteraan Pembucbn Kolej lJnlversltJ Telmikal !Cebangsaan Malaysia

Karung Berkund 1200 Ayer Keroh, 75450 Melaka

08/12/2006

• Tesis dimaksudkan sebagai tesis bagi ljazah Doktor Falsafah dan Sarjana secara penyelidikan, atau disertasi bagi pengajian secara kerja kursus dan penyelidikan, atau Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM). *" Jika tesis ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan demzan menvatakan sekali sebab dan temooh tesis ini oerlu dikelaskan sebaszai SULIT atau TERHAD.

DECLARATION

I hereby, declared this thesis entitled "Development of Structuring Anthropometric

Database" is the resuhs of my own research except as cited is references.

Signatw"e

Author's Name

Date

Hazrnan Bin Hasib

8th December 2006

ABSTRACT

This research discuss the initial efforts to build an anthropometric database for

Malaysian population as a guide and reference on designing better workplaces and

products. Anthropometric surveys have been conducted and published on various

populations, including Malaysian. The resuhs of the research carried out on twenty-four

static anthropometric dimensions on two-hundred and seventy-five subjects generally

shows that the male body parts are longer than female, and the result shows that The

UK, The US, and Japan anthropometric data are averagely longer than Malaysian.

Statistical variables such as percentiles, mean and standard deviation are used to present

and descnl>e the data, where each of these variables has its own functions and particular

purposes regarding the applications of the data

11

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My appreciation is extended to all who provided knowledge and helpful suggestions for

completing and improvements to this research. I dedicate my special thanks to my

research supervisor, En. Nor Akramin Bin Mohamad, who bas guided me all the times

throughout the research. I thank my parents En. Hasib Mansor and Pn Zuraidah I~

and my brother, Hisyam Hasib, for their continuous morale support. Special appreciation

goes to my colleagues at Fakulti Kejuruteraan Pembuatan, Kolej Universiti Teknikal

Kebangsaan Malaysia, whom have work effortlessly in gathering the data with me,

especially Cik Sazrinah Gaos. I also thank those who provided thoughtful reviews on

improving the research; Pn. Seri Rahayu, Pn Rohana, En Wan Hasrulnizzam, En.

Jeffrey, En. Hambali and En. Nik Farid. I especially thank all who has involved in this

researc~ for their co-operation and positive feedback.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENT

Declaration ............................................................................................. i

Abstract ................................................................................................. ii

Acknowle<lgement .................................................................................. iii

Table of Contents .................................................................................... iv

List of Figures ....................................................................................... vii

List of Tables ....................................................................................... viii

List of Abbreviations, Symbols Specialized Nomenclatures .................................. ix

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 1

1.2 Problem Statement .............................................................................. 2

1.3 O~ectives ........................................................................................ 3

1.4 Sco_I>e of Study ................................................................................... 3

1.5 Importance ofStudy ............................................................................ 3

1.6 Hyp<>thesis ....................................................................................... 4

1.7 Outline of Study ................................................................................. 4

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 6

2.2 Ergonomics and An.throp:>metry ............................................................... 7

2.2.1 Brief History of Ergonomics and Anthropometry ................................... 7

2.2.2 Definitions of Ergonomics, Anthropometry and Anthropometry Database ..... 9

2.2.3 Terminology and Measuring Conventions in Anthropometry ................... 10

2.2.4 Measurement Techniques ............................................................. 14

2.3 ISO Stalld.ards .................................................................................. 24

2.4 Importance of Anthropometric Database ................................................... 25

iv

3. MEmODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................... 26

32 Design of the Methodology .................................................................. 26

3.3 Subjects .......................................................................................... 29

3.4 Range of Dimensions Measured ............................................................ .30

3.5 Eqllipments for Measuret11ents ............................. ..... ......... , ................... 32

3.6 Pilot Srudy ...................................................................................... 35

3.7 Statistical Atla.lysis ............................................................................ 35

4. DATA COLLECTION

4.1 Introduction. .................................................................................... 37

4.2 Data Collection Table ......................................................................... 37

4.3 Data Calcwation ..................................................... ..... ..................... 40

4.4 Pilot Study ...................................................................................... 41

4.5 AnthroJX>metric Data. Table .................................................................. 44

5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

5.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 46

5.2 Resuhs ................................................................................................................ 47

5.3 Discussion ...................................................................................... 49

5.3.1 Mean, Standard Deviatio~ and Percentiles ............................... ....... .. 52

6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER WORK

6.1 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 55

6.2 Recommendation for Further Work ......................................................... 56

REFERENCES ....................... , ............................................................. 58

v

APPENDICES

A Gbant Chart for PSM 1

B Ghant Chart for PSM 2

vi

LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 Outline ofthe study 5

2.1 Body Planes and Orientations 11

22 Anatomical and Anthropometric Landmarks in the frontal view 12

2.3 Anatomical and Anthropometric Landmarks in the sagittal view 12

2.4 Anthropometric Landmarks of the Head and Face 13

2.5 Illustrative view of Body Segments and Planes of Segmentation 13

2.6 Basic anthropometric measuring instruments. 15

3.1 Flow Chart of Research Methodology 28

3.2 Anthropometric Measures for Standing and Seating 32

3.4 A Graphical Representation of the Normal Distribution 36

4.1 Histogram and Normal Curve for the Analyzed Data 43

4.2 Sample of Anthropometric Data Obtained Largely on U.S. Air Force

And Army Men and Women 44

5.1 Mean comparison between male and female measurements 50

5.2 Normal curve distribution 52

vii

LIST OF TABLES

2.1 Summary of Research in Anthropometry 19

2.2 Age range of sample 20

2.3 Sample sire 21

2.4 Range of dimensions 21

2.5 Summary on Characteristics of Existing Case Studies 23

3.1 Static Anthropometric Dimensions 30

3.2 Equipment Used for Specific Dimensions 33

4.1 Data Collection Table 39

4.2 Eye Height Readings of Female Students 41

4.3 Data Statistics Analysis 43

5.1 Percentiles, mean and standard deviation for anthropometric dimensions 47

of the male population (n=l80) values in em

5.2 Percentiles, mean and standard deviation for anthropometric dimensions 48

of the female population (n=95), values in em

5.3 Mean value (in em) for 16 anthropometric dimensions from different 50

adult male populations (Pheasant, 1998) and the data obtained in this

study

5.4 Mean value (in em) for 16 anthropometric dimensions from different 51

aduh female populations (Pheasant, 1998) and the data obtained in this

study

viii